PASSING THROUGH NARROWS AND CHANNELS

1. Read the text and try to gue the ne! !ord and ex"re#on $ro% the &ontext.
1. When sailing through narrows or canals a vessel should proceed with great care and
reduce her speed. Sometimes it is necessary to take soundings to avoid running aground.
The ship has to keep to one side of the channel, in most cases to the starboard side. In narrow
places ships are not allowed to overtake one another. To avoid collision with other ships, the
Captain must strictly adhere to the Regulations for reventing Collision at Sea.
Ships should strictly adhere to these regulations to avoid accidents both when sailing and
when riding at anchor.
! vessel at anchor in dependence of her length shall carry one or two white lights visible
all round the hori"on, one at the foremast stay and the other at the stern.
! vessel aground shall carry the same white light or lights and two red lights disposed
vertically one over the other and visible all round the hori"on, at a distance of at least # miles.
$very vessel shall use sound signals too. In fog, mist, falling snow or heavy rain%storms,
whether by day or by night, a vessel under way shall sound a prolonged blast at intervals of more
than two minutes.
&ere are some general definitions stated in Rule ' of the International Regulations for
preventing Collisions at Sea, ()*#+
The word '(ee), includes every description of water craft, including non%displacement craft
and seaplanes, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water.
The term *"o!er+dr#(en (ee), means any vessel propelled by machinery.
The term *a#)#ng (ee), means any vessel under sail provided that propelling machinery, if
fitted, is not being used.
The term '(ee) engaged #n $#h#ng, means any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls or other
fishing apparatus which restrict manoeuvrability, but does not include a vessel fishing with
trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict manoeuvrability.
The word 'ea")ane, includes any aircraft designed to manoeuvre on the water.
The term '(ee) not under &o%%and, means a vessel which through some e-ceptional
circumstance is unable to manoeuvre as re.uired by these Rules and therefore unable to keep
out of the way of another vessel.
The term /(ee) retr#&ted #n her a-#)#ty to %anoeu(re,means a vessel which from the nature
of her work is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre as re.uired by these Rules and is
therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.
The term 0vessels restricted in their ability to manoeuvre1 shall include but not be limited to+
2i3 a vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking up a navigation mark, submarine cable or
pipeline4
2ii3 a vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater operations4
2iii3 a vessel engaged in replenishing or transferring persons, provisions or cargo while
underway
2iv3 a vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft4
2v3 a vessel engaged in mineclearance4
2vi3 a vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and
her tow in their ability to deviate from their course.
The term /(ee) &ontra#ned -y her draught. means a power%driven vessel which, because of
her draught in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water, is severely
restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following.
The word 'under!ay. means that a vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground.
The words ')ength, and '-readth. of a vessel mean her length overall and greatest breadth.
5essels shall be dee%ed to -e #n #ght o$ one another only when one can be observed visually
from the other.
The term 'retr#&ted (##-#)#ty, means any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog, mist,
falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sandstorms or any other similar causes.
/. Ro)e+")ay the $o))o!#ng d#a)ogue and then !or0 out and "er$or% d#a)ogue o$ your o!n.
/.1.D#a)ogue 1.
WO 1 !at&h o$$#&er2 P 1 "#)ot
WO3 What side of the canal must we keep to here6
P3 We must keep to starboard side if there is much shipping. In some places, where the traffic is
in one direction only, we must keep in midchannel.
WO3 What speed is allowed in the canal6
P3 The regulation speed allowed here must not e-ceed * 7 knots.
WO3 Shall we have to anchor when proceeding through the canal6
P3 8o, we shall have to moor to the buoys or to the canal sides, but still both bow anchors must
be ready to let go.
WO3 Where shall we have to make fast6
P3 We1ll have to make fast in the sidings to let other ships pass by.
WO3 What ships do you mean6
P3 I mean the ships coming from the opposite direction.
WO3 9h, I see. !re the ships allowed to overtake one another in this canal6
P3 Well, if the ships proceed in one direction they are not allowed to do so.
WO3 8ow I understand. ! ship may overtake another ship in the canal only if that ship is moored
to the bank or to the buoys.
P3 $-actly so.
/./.D#a)ogue /.
P3 See, beyond that bend there is heavy traffic in this channel4 a lot of fishing boats and sailing
ships are plying to and fro.
W O3 Well, I understand we must reduce the speed.
P3 :es, that1s one thing. ;esides, it is advisable to keep a lookout at the bow.
WO3 !ll right, I1ll see to that. ;y the way what is that motor%vessel astern of us signalling to us6
P3 That motor%vessel asks if we can let her pass ahead of us.
WO3 Well, we1ll alter course to starboard so that she may overtake us on port side.
P3 What is the lookout reporting6
WO3 &e is reporting that there is a fishing boat dead ahead of us.
P3 We1ll have to slow down and sound a prolonged blast.
WO3 !ll right, I1ll do that. ;y the way, pay attention to the sailing vessel on our starboard bow.
/.4. D#a)ogue 4.
P3 We shall proceed through the canal at night.
WO3 Well, what then6
P3 :ou must get ready the searchlight and steaming lights, according to the Regulations.
WO3 This we have already attended to. What other arrangements should be made6
P3 The hawsers must be ready to be sent ashore or to the buoys.
WO3 What else6
P3 ! boat must be ready to run hawsers to the mooring buoys.
WO3 Shall we swing the boat out6
P3 :es, swing her out and keep her ready to be lowered without delay.
WO3 What about the engines6
P3 <uring the stay in the canal, the engine must be kept ready at short notice.
/.5 D#a)ogue 5.
WO3 What signals must we hoist when the ship is made fast in the canal6
P3 ;y day, you should hoist endant 8o.# under answering pennant close up to the masthead4 by
night, a red light between two white vertical lights in the same position.
WO3 What will these signals mean6
P3 They will mean that you made fast voluntarily and your ship may be passed or overtaken. I
must also warn you about some prohibitions. <uring the transit and stay in the canal it is
prohibited to throw overboard ashes and refuse. :ou are not allowed to empty oil, scourings and
cleansing water into the canal.
WO3 Well, these are customary and general regulations. !nyhow, thank you very much for your
warning.
4. 6OCA7ULAR8
Word and ex"re#on
To proceed = a merge, a se deplasa
To overtake = a dep>?i
Collision = coli"iune. aborda@
Sound signal = semnal sonor
Traffic = trafic, circulaAie
To anchor = a ancora
;ow = prova
Book%out = observator prova
!head = Cnainte, An prova
<ead ahead = chiar Cn prova, drept Cnainte
To slow down = a reduce vite"a, a Cncetini
Sailing vessel 2ship3 = velier
Steaming lights = lumini de drum
&awser= parCm>, leg>uri
To swing in 2the boat3 = a aduce barca la bord
To swing out 2the boat3 = a soate barca Cn afara bordului
To lower = a coborC, a vira, a l>sa la ap>
endant, pennant = flamur>
To warn = a averti"a
rohibition = interdicAie
!shes = cenu?>
Refuse = resturi
Scourings = re"iduri
To empty = a goli
To reduce speed = a reduce vite"a
To take soundings = a face sonda@e
To run aground = a se pune pe uscat
To ride at anchor = a sta la ancora
To get moored = a se lega, a acosta
To be underway = a fi in mar?
To alter course to starboardDport = a schimba de drum la tribordDbabord
To run the hawser to a buoy = a da parCma de legare la bali">
Regu)at#on $or Pre(ent#ng Co))##on at Sea = Regulamentul pentru prevenirea aborda@elor pe
mare.
Eairway = ?enal, pas> de navigaAie
8arrow channels = cale de acces Cngust>
To impede = a stCn@eni
To avoid = a evita
To cross = a traversa
To be in doubt= a fi in dubiu
;end = cot
9bscured = mascat
9bstruction = obstacol
articular alertness = vigilenAa deosebit>
Caution = prudenA>
To sound a signal = a emite un semnal sonor
To admit = a permite
ower%driven vessel = nav> cu propulsie mecanic>
5essel not under command = nav> care nu este st>pCn> pe manevr>
5essel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre = nav> cu capacitate de manevr> redus>
To lay a cableDpipeline = a pune un cablu, conduct> submarin>
Surveying operations = operaAiuni de ridic>ri hidrografice sau oceanografice
Replenishment = alimentare cu combustibil
Fineclearance operations =operaAiuni de dragare de mine
5essel constrained by her draught = nav> stCn@enit> de pesca@ul s>u
5essels shall be deemed to = a fi considerat ca fiind
Conduct of vessels in sight of one another = comportarea navelor care se v>d una pe alta
9vertaking = nava care a@unge din urm> alt> nav>
8otwistanding = oricare ar fi 2dispo"iAiile3
!ny subse.uent alteration of = nici o schimbare ulterioar>
To keep clear of = a se abate din drumul
Crossing vessel = nav> care taie drumul altei nave
She is finally past and clear = definitiv evitat> ?i dep>?it>
&ead%on situation = nave avCnd drumuri direct opuse
Crossing situation = nave ale c>ror drumuri se Cncruci?ea">
!ction by give%way vessel = manevra /navei neprivilegiate,
!ction by stand%on vessel = manevra /navei privilegiate,
Responsibilities between vessels = responsibilit>Ai reciproce ale navelor
Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility = conducerea navelor pe timp cu vi"ibilitate redus>
To proceed = a naviga
Close%.uarters situation = situaAie de foarte mare apropiere ?iDsau un pericol de aborda@
In ample time = cu mult timp Cnainte
To take all her way off = s> opreasc>
$-treme caution = atenAie e-trem>
5. Read &are$u))y the ex&er"t $ro% Regu)at#on $or Pre(ent#ng Co))##on at Sea and then
tran)ate the% #nto Ro%an#an. 8ou hou)d note the )anguage tru&ture that are &o%%on)y
ued #n $or%a) )ega) do&u%ent 9 #.e. ru)e and regu)at#on:
5.1.Steer#ng and Sa#)#ng ru)e 9Regu)at#on $or Pre(ent#ng Co))##on at Sea:
5.1.1 Ru)e ;. Narro! &hanne)
! vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near to the
outer limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe and
practicable.
! vessel of less than #G metres in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the passage of a
vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway.
! vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating
within a narrow channel or fairway.
! vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such crossing impedes the passage of a
vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway. The latter vessel may
use the sound signal prescribed in Rule 'H 2d3 if in doubt as to the intention of the crossing
vessel.
2 I 3 In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place only if the vessel to be
overtaken has to take action to permit safe passing, the vessel intending to overtake shall
indicate her intention by sounding the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 'H 2 c3 2 I 3. The
vessel to be overtaken shall, If in agreement, sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule
'H 2 c 3 2ii3 and take steps to permit safe passing. If in doubt she may sound the signals
prescribed in Rule 'H 2d3.
2ii3 This Rule does not relieve the overtaking vessel of her obligation under Rule ('.
! vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or fairway where other vessels may be
obscured by an intervening obstruction shall navigate with particular alertness and caution
and shall sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 'H 2e3
!ny vessel shall, if circumstances of the case admit, avoid anchoring in a narrow channel.
5./.Se&t#on II. Condu&t o$ (ee) #n #ght o$ one another
RULE 14
Overtaking
2a3 8otwithstanding anything contained in the Rules of art ;, Sections I and II any vessel
overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken.
2b3 ! vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a
direction more than ##.I degrees abaft her beam, that is, in such a position with reference to
the vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would be able to see only the sternlight of that
vessel but neither of her sidelights.
2c3 When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another, she shall assume that
this is the case and act accordingly.
2d3 !ny subse.uent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels shall not make the
overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules or relieve her of the
duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear.
RULE 15
Head-on situation
2a3 When two power%driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as
to involve risk of collision each shall alter course to starboard so that each shall pass on the
port side of the other.
2b3 Such a situation shall be deemed to e-ist when a vessel sees the other ahead or nearly ahead
and by night she could see the masthead lights of the other in a line or nearly in a line andDor
both sidelights and by day she observes the corresponding aspect of the other vessel.
2c3 When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether such a situation e-ists she shall assume that it
does e-ist and act accordingly.
RULE 1<
Crossing situation
When two power%driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel
which has the other on he own starboard side shall keep out of the way and shall, if circumstances
of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel.
RULE 1=
Action by give-way vessel
$very vessel which is directed to keep out of another vessel shall, so far as possible, take
early and substantial action to keep well clear.
RULE 1>
Action by stand-on vessel
2I3 Where one of two vessels is to keep out of the way the other shall keep her course and
speed.
2ii3The latter vessel may however take action to avoid collision by her manoeuvre alone, as
soon as it becomes apparent to her that the vessel re.uired to keep out of the way is not
taking appropriate action in compliance with these Rules.
When, from any cause, the vessel is re.uired to keep her course and speed finds herself so
close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give%way vessel alone, she shall
take such action as will best aid to avoid collision.
! power%driven vessel which takes action in a crossing situation in accordance with sub%
paragraph 2a3 2ii3 of this Rule to avoid collision with another power%driven vessel shall, if the
circumstances of the case admit, not alter course to port for a vessel on her own port side.
This Rule does not relieve the give%way vessel of her obligation to keep out of the way.
RULE 1?
Responsibilities between vessels
$-cept where Rules ), (G and (' otherwise re.uire+
! power%driven vessel underway shall keep out of the way of+
2i3 a vessel not under command4
2ii3 a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre4
2iii3 a vessel engaged in fishing
2iv3 a sailing vessel
! sailing vessel under way shall keep out of the way of+
2i3 a vessel no under command4
2ii3 a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre4
2iii3 a vessel engaged in fishing
! vessel engaged in fishing when underway shall, so far as possible, keep out of the way of+
2i3 a vessel not under command4
2ii3 a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre.
2I3 !ny vessel other than a vessel not under command or a vessel restricted in her ability to
manoeuvre shall, if circumstances of the case admit, avoid impeding the safe passage of a
vessel constrained by her draught, e-hibiting the signals in Rule #J.
2ii3 ! vessel constrained by her draught shall navigate with particular caution having full
regard to her special condition.
! seaplane on the water shall, in general, keep clear of all vessels and avoid impeding their
navigation. In circumstances, however, where risk of collision e-ists, she shall comply with
the Rules of this art.
5.4. Se&t#on III. Condu&t o$ (ee) #n retr#&ted (##-#)#ty
RULE 1;
Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility
This Rule applies to vessels not in sight of one another when navigating in or near an area of
restricted visibility.
$very vessel shall proceed at a safe speed adapted to the prevailing circumstances and conditions
of restricted visibility. ! power%driven vessel shall have her engines ready for immediate
manoeuvre.
$very vessel shall have due regard to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted
visibility when complying with the Rules of Section I of this art.
! vessel which detects by radar alone the presence of another vessel shall determine if close%
.uarters situation is developing andDor risk of collision e-ists. If so, she shall take avoiding
action in ample time, provided that when such action consists of an alteration of course, so far
as possible the following shall be avoided+
2i3 an alteration of course to port for a vessel forward of the beam, other than for a vessel
being overtaken4
2ii3 an alteration of course towards a vessel abeam or abaft the beam.
$-cept where it has been determined that a risk of collision does not e-ist, every vessel which
hears apparently forward of her beam the fog signal of another vessel, or which cannot avoid
a close%.uarters situation with another vessel forward of her beam, shall reduce her speed to
the ma-imum at which she can be kept on her course. She shall if necessary take all her way
off and in any event navigate with e-treme caution until danger of collision is over.
<. Read#ng Co%"rehen#on
<.1. Read the text aga#n and an!er the $o))o!#ng @uet#on3
(. &ow should a vessel proceed through narrows6
#. Why should she take soundings from time to time6
' .Which side of the channel is the ship to keep to, as a rule6
H. Fay ships overtake each other in narrows6
I. What rules shall a vessel adhere to to avoid collisions6
K. What do we mean when we say /the vessel is underway,6
*. What lights shall a vessel carry when at anchor at night6
J. What additional lights shall she carry when aground6
). Should the anchor lights be visible all round the hori"on6
(G .What signals are used by ships in fog6
((. What sound signals are by ships underway6
(#. What do we mean by the term /vessel not under command6,
('. What do we mean by the term /vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre,6
(H. What does a /vessel constrained by her draught, mean6
<./. Read the d#a)ogue aga#n and then an!er the $o))o!#ng @uet#on3
<./.1. D#a)ogue 1.
1. What did the pilot say about the traffic in the canal6
/. What speed was allowed in the canal6
4. <id the ship have to anchor or to moor in the canal6
5. Why did the ship have to make fast in the sidings6
<././. D#a)ogue /.
1 .<id the pilot say that there was little traffic in the channel6
/. What did the watch officer say about the ship1s speed6
4. Where was it advisable to keep a lookout6
5. What did the watch officer say about altering course6
<. What did the lookout report6
<./.4.D#a)ogue 4.
1. What did the pilot say about the searchlight and steaming lights6
/. What did he say about the hawsers6
4. What did the watch officer say about the boat6
5. What did the pilot say about the engine6
<./.5.D#a)ogue 5.
1. Is a vessel allowed to throw ashes and refuse overboard when in port6
/. Is she allowed to empty her cleansing water and oil into the canal6
=.GRAAAAR3 Pre"o#t#on 9II:
=.1.AdBe&t#(e C "re"o#t#on
!fter many ad@ectives we use particular prepositions. Eor e-ample, we say afraid of, interested in
and bored with.
Excited about; worried about; nervous about; angry about; annoyed about; furious about
I1m ex&#ted a-out having my birthday party tomorrow.
!re you !orr#ed a-out your e-am6
I1m angry a-out all the mess you1ve made.
Good at; bad at; clever at; hopeless at
I1m not very good at mathematics.
:ou1re not -ad at chess.
Surprised at/by; shocked at/by; astonished at/by; amaed at/by
We were ur"r#ed atD-y the si"e of the house.
!amous for; well known for; responsible for
;ra"il is $a%ou $or its coffee.
Who is re"on#-)e $or breaking this window6
"ifferent from/to
&e1s very d#$$erent $ro%Dto his sister.
#nterested in
I1m .uite #ntereted #n photography.
$fraid of; frightened of; scared of; proud of; full of; ashamed of; %ealous of; envious of;
suspicious of; short of; aware of; conscious of; capable of; fond of; tired of.
!re you a$ra#d o$ spiders6
I1m very "roud o$ you.
!re you Bea)ou o$ his success6
8iceDkindDgoodDfriendlyDrudeDstupid of someone
It was very n#&e o$ Simon to lend you the money.
Leen on
She1s not very 0een on tennis,
$ngaged to4 married to4 similar to
Farianne is engaged to !lan.
:our camera is #%#)ar to mine.
8iceDkindDgoodDfriendlyDpoliteDrude to someone
! shop assistant should be "o)#te to customers.
&leased with; bored with; disappointed with; happy with
:ou look very ")eaed !#th yourself.
I became -ored !#th the book and stopped reading it.
$ngry/annoyed/furious with someone for 2doing3 something
!re you angry !#th me $or being late6
=./.Noun C "re"o#t#on
!fter many nouns we use particular prepositions. Eor e-ample, we say 'a( reason for, 'an(
example of, 'an( increase in.
"ifference between
There are a lot of d#$$eren&e -et!een living in the country and living in a city.
)eason for; demand for, need for
What was the reaon $or the accident6
There is a need $or more houses in this area.
#ncrease/decrease in; rise/fall in
There has been an #n&reae #n the price of petrol.
"ifficulty in doing something.
<oes he have much d#$$#&u)ty #n doing his schoolwork6
;ut note+ difficulty with something
<oes he have much d#$$#&u)ty !#th his schoolwork6
Example of; cause of; picture/photograph of
This building is an exa%")e o$ good modern architecture.
What was the &aue o$ the accident6
&ave you got a "hotogra"h o$ your family6
$nswer to; solution to; reply to; invitation to; reaction to
&ave you had an an!er to your letter6
Where are the an!er to the e-ercise6
I got an #n(#tat#on to dinner yesterday.
$ttitude to/towards
What1s your att#tude toDto!ard this idea6
)elationship with
9ur company has a very good re)at#onh#" !#th the bank.
;ut note+ relationship between
The re)at#onh#" -et!een our company and the bank is very good.
=.4. Pre"o#t#on C noun
We use particular prepositions before many nouns. Eor e-ample, we say on television and by
mistake.
&ere are some common e-amples of these preposition M noun combinations+
*y mistake; by accident; by chance
I put salt in my coffee -y %#ta0e.
We say+ 2to pay3 by che+ue/by credit card, but 'to pay( but 2to pay3 in cash or 2to pay3 cash.
I1d like to pay -y &red#t &ard.
2a bookDfilmDpainting etc3 by someone.
I1m reading a book -y Names Noyce, 2=written by Names Noyce3
2to goDcome3 for a drink/a meal/a walk/a swim
Would you like to go $or a dr#n0E
2to have something 3 for breakfast/lunch/dinner
We had spaghetti $or )un&h.
2to beDfall3 in love with someone/something
Nimmy is #n )o(e !#th !ngela.
#n someone1s opinion
In my o"#n#on you should phone the police.
2to beDgoDcome3 on holiday/a %ourney/a trip/business
I1m going on ho)#day in !pril.
;ut note+ 2to goDcomeG for a holiday
I1d like to go to Namaica $or a ho)#day.
,n television/the radio
What1s on te)e(##on this evening6
=.5. 6er- C "re"o#t#on
!fter many verbs we use particular prepositions. Eor e-ample, we say believe in and concentrate
on.
&ere are some common e-amples of these verb M preposition combinations+
$pologie to someone for 2doing3 something
I a"o)og#Fed to her $or being late.
$pply for
!re you going to a"")y $or the @ob6
*elieve in
<o you -e)#e(e #n life after death6
*elong to
<oes this book -e)ong to you6
-are about 2=think someoneDsomething is important3
I don1t &are a-out money. Foney can1t buy happiness.
;ut+ care for 2=look after4 nurse3
She1s very good at &ar#ng $or sick animals.
.ake care of 2=look after3
Could you ta0e &are o$ the baby while I go out shopping6
-omplain to 2someone3 about 2something3
The workers &o%")a#ned to the manager a-out the working conditions.
-oncentrate on
Con&entrate on the road when you1re driving.
-rash into; run into; drive into; bump into
When I was driving home I almost &rahed #nto a bus.
"epend on
0!re you going to the beach tomorrow61 0It de"end on the weather.1
"ie of
! lot of people are dy#ng o$ !I<S.
"ream about 2while asleep3
I was drea%#ng a-out Sue when I suddenly woke up.
;ut+ dream of 2=imagine3
When I was younger I drea%t o$ being a famous pop%singer.
!lso+ dream of 2=consider3
I wouldn1t drea% o$ changing my @ob.
/ear about 2=be told about3
&ave you heard a-out Nimmy6 &e broke his leg in a skiing accident.
;ut+ hear from 2=receive news from3
We haven1t heard $ro% Fike since he wrote to us last Fay.
!lso+ hear of 2= know that someoneDsomething e-ists3
&ave you heard o$ a disco called The <ance Eactory6
0augh at; smile at
Who1s that girl %#)#ng at you6
0isten to
Would you like to )#ten to some music6
0ook at
Loo0 at this photograph.
;ut+ look for 2=try to find3
Can you help me please6 I1m )oo0#ng $or West Street.
!lso+ look after 2=take care of3
Could you )oo0 a$ter the baby while I go out shopping6
)ely on
:ou can1t re)y on the post. It1s always late.
Search for
I1ve been ear&h#ng $or my keys.
Shout at
<on1t hout at meO I can hear you.
Speak to4 talk to
I "o0e to Sue this morning.
Suffer from
&e u$$er $ro% asthma.
.hink about 2=use the mind3
:ou look sad. What are you th#n0#ng a-outE
;ut+ think of/about 2=consider3
I1m th#n0#ng o$Da-out changing my @ob.
!lso+ think of 2=have an opinion about3
0What do you th#n0 o$ Sue61 /She1s very nice.1
!lso+ think of 2 = bring to the mind3
I can1t th#n0 o$ any reason why the accident happened.
1ait for
&ow long have you been !a#t#ng $or the bus6
1rite to
I1ll !r#te to you soon.
=.<. 6er- C o-Be&t C "re"o#t#on
!fter some verbs we use an ob@ect followed by a particular preposition.Eor e-ample we say
borrow something from someone.
&ere are some common e-amples of these verbMob@ectMpreposition combinations+
$ccuse someone of 2doing3 something.
The police a&&ued the man o$ murder.
*lame someoneDsomething for something
<on1t -)a%e me $or what happened. It wasn1t my fault.
;ut+ blame something on someoneDsomething
<on1t -)a%e what happened on me. It wasn1t my fault.
-ongratulate someone on doing something
We &ongratu)ated them on getting married.
Explain something to someone
I ex")a#ned the problem to the police.
#nvite someone to something
Fike has #n(#ted me to the cinema this evening.
)emind someone about something 2=tell someone not to forget3
Simon re%#nded me a-out Sarah1s birthday, so I bought a card.
;ut+ remind someone of somethingDsomeone 2=cause someone to remember3
This song re%#nd me o$ the first time we met.
.ell someone about something
<id they te)) you a-out their holiday6
1arn someone about somethingDsomeone
&is boss has !arned him a-out being late for work.
>. Pre"o#t#on 9II: Progre tet
Word and "re"o#t#on &o%-#nat#on
Chooe the &orre&t "re"o#t#on+AG 7 or C.
I1m feeling rather nervousPmy interview tomorrow.
! of ; to C about
I used to be .uite good Pdancing.
! in ;at C on
!re you afraid Psnakes6
! by ; to C of
isa in Italy is famousPits 0Beaning Tower1.
! about ; from C for
I1m not really interestedPstamp collecting.
! in ; on C by
There1s no needPyou to worry.
! to ; for C of
Who1s responsible Pthese children6
! of ; for C in
There has been a risePthe number of homeless people.
! in ; of C with
I1ve had some difficultyPmy new computer.
! with ; of C in
Sally met an old friend in town .uitePchance yesterday.
! on ; by C with
Len and Late will bePholiday soon.
! on ; in C at
The film The ;irds was madeP!lfred &itchcock.
! to ; of C by
Fy brother is thinkingPselling his car.
! to ; of C on
I can1t concentratePanything at the moment.
! on ; to C about
They apologi"edPlosing my letter.
! to ; in C for
When Robert was younger, he dreamtPbeing a famous footballer one day.
! to ; of C in
They1re taking very good carePyour son in hospital.
! about ; for C of
I congratulated themPgetting engaged.
! on ; of C in
I1ve warned youPtaking my things without asking me.
! for ; of C about
That smell always reminds mePhospitals.
! on ; of C about
?. Progre Tet Han!er+0ey
(C4 #;4 'C4 HC4 I!4 K;4 *;4 J!4 )!4 (G;4 ((!4 (#C4 (';4 (H!4 (IC4 (K;4 (*C4 (J!4 ()C4 #G;