Diagram

Each trigonometric function in terms of the other five.

[2]

in terms of



















Name Usual notation Definition
Domain of x
for real
result
Range of usual principal value
(radians)
Range of usual
principal value
(degrees)
arcsine y = arcsin x x = sin y 1 x 1 /2 y /2 90 y 90
arccosine y = arccos x x = cos y 1 x 1 0 y 0 y 180
arctangent y = arctan x x = tan y
all real
numbers
/2 < y < /2 90 < y < 90
arccotangent y = arccot x x = cot y
all real
numbers
0 < y < 0 < y < 180
arcsecant y = arcsec x x = sec y
x 1 or 1
x
0 y < /2 or /2 < y
0 y < 90 or 90 <
y 180
arccosecant y = arccsc x x = csc y
x 1 or 1
x
/2 y < 0 or 0 < y /2
-90 y < 0 or 0 <
y 90





















Pythagorean Identities
sin
2
+ cos
2
= 1
tan
2
+ 1 = sec
2

cot
2
+ 1 = csc
2

Reciprocal Identities







Ratio Identities



Odd/Even Identities
sin (x) = sin x
cos (x) = cos x
tan (x) = tan x
csc (x) = csc x
sec (x) = sec x
cot (x) = cot x

Cofunction Identities, radians Cofunction Identities, degrees



sin (90 x) = cos x cos (90 x) = sin x


tan (90 x) = cot x cot (90 x) = tan x


sec (90 x) = csc x csc (90 x) = sec x

Periodicity Identities, radians Periodicity Identities, degrees
sin (x + 2) = sin x csc (x + 2) = csc x

sin (x + 360) = sin x csc (x + 360) = csc x
cos (x + 2) = cos x sec (x + 2) = sec x

cos (x + 360) = cos x sec (x + 360) = sec x
tan (x + ) = tan x cot (x + ) = cot x

tan (x + 180) = tan x sin (x + 180) = cot x






Sum/Difference Identities




Double Angle Identities




Half Angle Identities
or
or
or or

Product to Sum Identities




Sum to Product Identities





Complementary angles:



Negative arguments:






Reciprocal arguments:








If you only have a fragment of a sine table:


Whenever the square root of a complex number is used here, we choose the root with the positive real part (or
positive imaginary part if the square was negative real).
From the half-angle formula , we get:




Which, written in one equation, is:

Which, written in one equation, is: