STATISTICS

Sampling Methods
KS141209 Statistics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) 1
TugasE-Learning:
Vocabulary
Essay worth 2.5%
Tugas E-Learning: Vocabulary worth 2.5%
Quiz result have been published at right panel
of ShareITS
Dont worry, you have 95% chance to achieve
good Stats grade.
KS141209 Statistics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) 2
Answer Keys
KS141209 Statistics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) 3
KS141209 Statistics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) 4
KS141209 Statistics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) 5
KS141209 Statistics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) 6
KS141209 Statistics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) 7
Types of Samples Used
KS141209 Statistics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) 8
Quota
Samples
Non-Probability Samples
Judgement Chunk
Probability Samples
Simple
Random
Systematic
Stratified
Cluster
Convenience
Non-probability
Sampling
The difference between nonprobability and
probability sampling is that nonprobability sampling
does not involve random selection and probability
sampling does.
Does that mean that nonprobability samples aren't
representative of the population? Not necessarily.
In general, researchers prefer probabilistic or random
sampling methods over non-probabilistic ones, and
consider them to be more accurate and rigorous.
KS141209 Statistics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) 9
Non-probability
Sampling
Accidental, Haphazard or Convenience
Sampling
"person on the street" interviews conducted
frequently by television news programs.
In many research contexts, we sample simply by
asking for volunteers. They have no evidence that
they are representative of the populations we're
interested in generalizing to -- and in many cases
we would clearly suspect that they are not.
KS141209 Statistics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) 10
Purposive Sampling
In purposive sampling, we sample with a
purpose in mind.
They might be looking for Caucasian females
between 30-40 years old.
Purposive sampling can be very useful for
situations where you need to reach a targeted
sample quicklyand where sampling for
proportionality is not the primary concern.
KS141209 Statistics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) 11
Probability Sampling
Lets perform!
KS141209 Statistics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) 12
Simple Random
Samples
Every individual or item from the frame has an
equal chance of being selected
Selection may be with replacement or without
replacement
Samples obtained from computer random
number generators
KS141209 Statistics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) 13
Simple Random
Samples
Without
Replacement
A sampled unit is
withheld from
possibly being
selected again in
the same sample
KS141209 Statistics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) 14
Simple Random
Samples
KS141209 Statistics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) 15
With
Replacement
The unit is placed
back into the
population for
possible reselection
Pros and Cons
Sampling without replacement is the usual
and customary sampling method.
With replacement random sample might take
as validity testing.
Without replacement random sample believe
that each sample contributes different
information.
KS141209 Statistics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) 16
Systematic Samples
KS141209 Statistics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) 17
Stratified Samples
KS141209 Statistics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) 18
Cluster Samples
KS141209 Statistics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) 19
Types of Survey Errors
KS141209 Statistics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) 20
Evaluating Survey
Worthiness
What is the purpose of the survey?
Is the survey based on a probability sample?
Are there coverage errors (appropriate frame)?
Is there Non-response error (follow up)
Is there Measurement error (good questions elicit
good responses)
Is the sampling error acceptable (always exists)
KS141209 Statistics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) 21
Advantages and
Disadvantages
Simple random sample and systematic sample
Simple to use
May not be a good representation of the populations
underlying characteristics that have small probabilities
Stratified sample
Ensures representation of individuals across the entire
population
Cluster sample
More cost effective
Less efficient (need larger sample to acquire the same
level of precision)
KS141209 Statistics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) 22
The End!
The only true wisdom is
in knowing you know nothing - Socrates
KS141209 Statistics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) 23