CARE NAMPALLY COLLEGE OF NURSING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the dissertation A stdy to assess the !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ %#ood
donation a&on$ '
st
year ()Sc nrsin$ stdents in CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of Nrsin$+
(an,ara hi##s+ -ydera%ad).is a %ona/ed "or! of Ms)(#essy)P)Ro%inson+Ms)Chinch)N)P+
Ms)Chin,)(a%y+Ms)Christy)Snny+Ms)-oney)Cherian+()Sc)0N1 I2 year+34'')
Re$istered No)5
46788449
467884''
467884'3
467884'7
4678843'

:r)2asndhra+T#si+
Princi*a#
CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of Nrsin$
:ate; (an,ara -i##s
-ydera%ad
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that A stdy to assess the !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ %#ood donation a&on$ '
st
year
()Sc nrsin$ stdents in CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of Nrsin$+ (an,ara hi##s+-ydera%ad+. "as carried ot
%y Ms)(#essy)P)Ro%inson+Ms)Chinch)N)P+Ms)Chin,)(a%y+Ms)Christy)Snny+<
Ms)-oney Cherian+ nder the $idance of Ms)S)Pa=ithra+#ectrer+CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of
Nrsin$)
Gide;

Ms)S)Pa=ithra
Lectrer
CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of Nrsin$
-ydera%ad)
Si$natre;
:ate;
:ECLARATION (Y T-E CAN:I:ATE
>e here %y dec#ared that this dissertation entit#ed A stdy to assess !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ %#ood
donation a&on$ '
st
year ()Sc nrsin$ stdents in CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of Nrsin$+(an,ara
-i##s+-ydera%ad+.is a %ona/ed and $enine research "or! carried ot %y s nder the $idance of
Ms)S)Pa=ithra+#ectrer+CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of Nrsin$)
Si$natre of the candidates;
:ate;
P#ace; -ydera%ad
Re$)No;
46788449
467884''
467884'3
467884'7
4678843'
TA(LE OF CONTENTS
Cha*ter Contents Pa$e no)
I INTRO:UCTION
?Need for the stdy
?State&ent of the *ro%#e&
?S*eci/c o%,ecti=es
?O*erationa# de/nitions
?Ass&*tions
?2aria%#es
?:e#i&itations
?Conce*ta# fra&e "or!
?S&&ary
II RE2IE> OF LITERATURE
?Literatre re#ated to
!no"#ed$e on %#ood
donation a&on$ nrsin$
stdents
?S&&ary
III MET-:OLOGY
?Research a**roach
?Research desi$n
?Settin$ of the stdy
?Po*#ation
?Sa&*#e and sa&*#e si@e
?Sa&*#in$ techniAe
?Sa&*#in$ criteria
?Method of data co##ection
?:e=e#o*&ent and
descri*tion of the too#
?2a#idity of the too#
?P#an for *i#ot stdy
?P#an for data ana#ysis
?S&&ary
I2 ANALYSIS AN:
INTERPRETATION
2 :ISCUSSION +SUMMARY
AN: LIMITATION
?:iscssion
?S&&ary
?I&*#ication
?Li&itations
?Reco&&endations
(I(LIOGRAP-Y
ANNEBURE
LIST OF TA(LES
SL NO) TITLE PAGE NO
' Cestions re#ated to %#ood
3 Cestions re#ated to criteria for %#ood donation
7 Cestions re#ated to drin$ %#ood donation
D Cestions re#ated to after %#ood donation
8 Cestions re#ated to co&*#ication and
&ana$e&ent
LIST OF FIGURES
SL
NO
TITLE PAGE NO
' Gra*hica# re*resentation on *ercenta$e
distri%tion of a$e
3 Gra*hica# re*resentation on *ercenta$e
distri%tion of seE
7 Gra*hica# re*resentation on *ercenta$e
distri%tion of edcation of *arents
D Gra*hica# re*resentation on *ercenta$e
distri%tion of re#i$ion
8 Gra*hica# re*resentation on *ercenta$e
distri%tion of eE*erience of %#ood donation
F Gra*hica# re*resentation on *ercenta$e
distri%tion of a=ai#a%i#ity of %#ood donation
centers
6 Gra*hica# re*resentation on *ercenta$e
distri%tion of the o=era## !no"#ed$e of nrsin$
stdents on %#ood donation
G Gra*hica# re*resentation on *ercenta$e
distri%tion of !no"#ed$e #e=e# of nrsin$
stdents in re#ation to a$e
9 Gra*hica# re*resentation on *ercenta$e
distri%tion of !no"#ed$e #e=e# of nrsin$
stdents in re#ation to seE
'4 Gra*hica# re*resentation on *ercenta$e
distri%tion of !no"#ed$e #e=e# of nrsin$
stdents in re#ation to edcation of *arents
'' Gra*hica# re*resentation on *ercenta$e
distri%tion of !no"#ed$e #e=e# of nrsin$
stdents in re#ation to re#i$ion
'3 Gra*hica# re*resentation on *ercenta$e
distri%tion of !no"#ed$e #e=e# of nrsin$
stdents in re#ation to eE*erience of %#ood
donation
'7 Gra*hica# re*resentation on *ercenta$e
distri%tion of !no"#ed$e #e=e# of nrsin$
stdents in re#ation to a=ai#a%i#ity of %#ood
donation centers
ACHNO>LE:GEMENT
>e *raise and than! God for the o**ortnity he $a=e s and the %#essin$ %esto"ed o=er
s)>ithot hi& or stdy "o#d ha=e %een inco&*#ete)
Than!s is sch a s&a## "ord %t it contain a heartfe#t of $ratitde and a**reciation
to a## those "ho &oti=ated+$ided and encora$ed s thro$hot or stdy)
The in=esti$ators are $reatef# to the a#&i$hty for ena%#in$ s to co&*#ete stdy
sccessf##y)
The in=esti$ator eE*resses sincere than!s and $ratitde to :r)T)2asndhara T#si+
*rinci*a#+ CNCON+-ydera%ad for her ti&e#y he#* and =a#a%#e s$$estions thro$h ot the corse of
stdy and &a!in$ it sccess)
The in=esti$ators eE*resses sincere than!s and $ratitde to Ms)Pa=ithra + c#ass coordinator
+CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of Nrsin$ for her eEce##ent+enthsiastic and constant $idance and s**ort in
the *re*aration and co&*#etion of the stdy sccessf##y)
>e thin! that "e $ot a *ri=i#e$e to to %e stdents nder the $idance of Ms)Pa=ithra + Lectrer to
co&*#ete this *ro,ect) So "e "o#d #i!e to than! her for enor&os s**ort and her =a#a%#e
s$$estions)
Gratef# than!s are reser=ed to a## the eE*erts and fac#ties for their encora$e&ent+
s**ort and constrcti=e criticis& in c#arifyin$ conce*ts and in *re*aration of the too# and in the stdy)
The in=esti$ators eE*ress $ratitde to other t"o *eo*#e "ho had he#*ed a## of s in condctin$
the stdy)They are Mr)Ia&eer and Mr)Si=a Ganesh0#i%rarian<co&*ter instrctor1)They he#*ed s in
searchin$ thro$h the internet a#so to $o thro$h a## the ,orna#s and &a$a@ines in the #i%rary)

>e "o#d #i!e to eEtend or than!s to or *arents "ho had $i=en s**ort in a## the *s and
do"ns in or *ro,ect)
Or heartfe#t than!s to a## or friends and or c#ass&ates "ho "ere "ith s a## thro$h the
stdy) >e "o#d eEtend or than!s to a## or %e#o=ed seniors for their he#* to $et the *ro,ect in this
for&)
The core of the research is the sa&*#e )So or stren$th is the '
st
year Nrsin$ stdents "ho
*artici*ated "i##in$#y)>e cannot c#ose this *a$e "ithot considerin$ the&)
Once a$ain "e eE*ress or heartf# than!s to God a#&i$hty "ho *ro=ided s the "isdo& and
nderstandin$ to co&*#ete this &anscri*t)
Than!in$ yoJ))
Ms)(#essy)P)Ro%inson)
Ms)Chinch)N)P)
Ms)Chin,)(a%y)
Ms)Christy)Snny)
Ms)-oney)Cherian)
CHAPTER -I
INTRODUCTION
World blood donor day is celebrated on the 14
th
o !"ne e#ery year to $ar% the birth anni#ersary o &arl
'ansteiner (ho disco#ered the blood )ro"* syste$+
,lood donation is carried o"t (hen a *erson #ol"nterly a)rees or blood to be dra(n (ith the intention o
donatin) it+ ,lood donation $ay be o dierent %inds in the de#elo*ed co"ntries "n *aired donors )i#e blood to re*lenish a
co$$"nity s"**ly- ho( e#er blood donation is carried o"t accordin) to de$and- as the established blood ties are
e.tre$ely li$ited+ A *erson can ha#e blood dra(n and stored or "t"re "se+
In 1//0- WHO set a tar)et or all blood donors to be "n*aired #ol"nteers- b"t statistics in 1223 re#ealed
that only 4/ o 114 co"ntries s"r#eyed had achie#ed this tar)et+ Ty*ically it is $andatory or *otentially donors are
*hysically e.a$ined by a *hysician and their $edical history also e.a$ined+ They (ill also ha#e their blood screened or
diseased that are easily trans$itted thro")h blood donation s"ch as #iral he*atitis and AID4+
The a$o"nt o (hole blood donated $ay #ary bet(een 522 $l to 622 $l71 *int8 collection $ay be carried
by $an"ally or "sin) a"to$ated e9"i*$ents- latter hel*in) to dra( s*eciic co$*onent ro$ the blood+ Ho( oten- a
donor can donate #aries ro$ days to $onths based on (hich co$*onent o the blood they are donatin) and the loss o the
co"ntry-Where the donation ta%e *lace+
The ear o HI: screenin) (as a $a;or hindrance and li$itation to #ol"ntary blood donation a$on)
*eo*le+ The *hysical har$ and ear (ere o"nd to be the co$$on reason or not donatin) blood+4o$e $ay ha#e the ear
o collectin) instr"$ents $i)ht not be sterile+
4TATI4TIC4
<,lood donation collected in the "s in each year is abo"t 16 $illion+
<,lood donates in the "s is abo"t = $illions each year+
<Abo"t 4+/ $illion *eo*le recei#ed blood each year in the "s
<Abo"t => o the "nit o blood collected by the A$erican Red cross are donated by 13 years old+
<:ol"ntary blood donors ha#e increased the s"**ly o blood by 3> in the (orld+ Ho(e#er-de$and has increased by =>+
<Only 6> o donors (ho are eli)ible donate blood nation (ide+
<Trans"sion n"$ber increases by />each year+
<Each year $ore than 46 $illion A$ericans and Canadians need blood trans"sions+
<In the "s and Canada aro"nd 45222 *ints o blood is "sed e#eryday+
<Abo"t 16> o all *eo*le (orld(ide re9"ire blood atleast once in their lieti$e+
<One in e#ery 0 *atients enterin) the hos*ital needs blood+
<?e$ales recei#e abo"t 65> and $ales recei#es abo"t 40> o blood trans"sion+
NEED ?OR 4TUD@
,lood donation is carried o"t (hen a *erson #ol"ntarly a)rees or blood to be dra(n (ith the intension o
donatin) it+ Data on the attit"des o $edical and n"rsin) st"dents to(ards blood donation are scanty+ 4ince this )ro"* is
*otential b"t "nder A "tiliBed so"rce o blood donors-4t"dyin) their attit"des co"ld *ro#ide insi)ht in to donor related
beha#ior and hence ha#e i$*lications or donor recr"ite$ent *ro)ra$$es+ The st"dy is i$*ortant to $eas"re their
"nderstandin) o blood donation that is- $oti#ators and reasons or beco$in) a blood donor and the $yths and ears that
$i)ht deter blood donation+
The $ain o the st"dy is to analyBe the %no(led)e o st"dent n"rses- identiy the obstacles to blood
donation+As n"rses *ractices in e.*anded roles in a #ariety o settin)s- attention $"st be *aid to teachin) the$ ho( to
*ro$ote the blood donation+
4TATECENT O? THE PRO,'EC
OBJECTIVES
* To assess the knowledge of nursing students about blood donation .
* To find out the association of selected variables with the knowledge of nursing students on blood donation.
VARIABLES
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
?A$e
?SeE
?Edcation of the *arents
?Re#i$ion
?EE*erience of %#ood donation
?A=ai#a%i#ity of %#ood donation centers
:EPEN:ENT 2ARIA(LES
?Hno"#ed$e of nrsin$ stdents re$ardin$ %#ood donation
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
ASSESS: Information obtained about blood donation through structured questionnaires.
K!"#E$%E: The understanding of nursing students about blood donation as assessed b& written res'onses of nursing students
through structured self answered questionnaire.
()SI% ST($ETS: Students stud&ing first &ear *.Sc nursing in +A)E am'all& college of nursing ,&derabad.
*#!!$ $!ATI! : 'rocess of giving
ASSUMPTIONS
?The nrsin$ stdents "i## ha=e the !no"#ed$e a%ot %#ood donation)
?The res*onses of nrsin$ stdents to the strctred Aestionnaire
"o#d reKect the tre !no"#ed$e on %#ood donation)
?Nrsin$ stdents &ay res*ond to the strctred Aestionnaire "ith
ot discssin$ the too# "ith others and referrin$ %oo!s)
DELIMITATIONS
The study is delimited to :
?'
ST
YEAR (sc nrsin$ stdents in CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e Of Nrsin$)
blood and bloodcom'onents b& the donars.
+!+E-T(A# .)A/E"!)K
+once'tual framework is theoreticall&0 scientificall& based on em'hasi1ing the selection 0 arrangement and
classification ofr the conce't0 dealt within the stud&. A conce'tual framework involves a model0 made u' of conce'ts which are
images of 'henomenon.
According to Abdella and +anine a conce'tual framework stands on functional relationshi' between the events
and it is not limited to statistics.
In 'resent stud& a diagrammatic re'resentation of the conce't of stud& is shown in the figure2:2. The knowledge
of the nursing students about blood donation de'end u' on their age0 se30 'arents education0 religion0 e3'erience of blood
donation0 and availabilit& of blood donation centers0 which are interlinked and ma& affect knowledge regarding blood donation.
$orothea orem4s self care theor& is a''licable to this stud&5 This focuses on actual and 'otential deficit and
'eo'les abilit& to 'erform their efficienc&.
A$e SeE Parents edcation Re#i$ion EE*erience A=ai#a%i#ity of %#ood donation centre

HNO>LE:GE REGAR:ING (LOO: :ONATION
?(#ood
?Criteria for %#ood donation
?:rin$ %#ood donation
?After %#ood donation
?Co&*#ication and &anae&ent


CHAPTER-II
RE:IEW O? 'ITERATURE
1+ Cr+ Ra;a)o*alan cond"cted a st"dy on D Attit"des o $edical and n"rsin) st"dents to(ards blood donationE+
The so"rces (as Christian $edical colle)e and hos*ital- #ellore- Ta$ilnad"- India+ Data on the attit"des o $edical and
n"rsin) st"dents to(ards blood donation are scanty+ 4ince this )ro"* is *otential b"t "nder "tiliBed so"rces o blood
donors- st"=dyin) their attit"des co"ld *ro#ide insi)ht to donor related beha#ior and- hence ha#e i$*lications or donor
recr"ite$ent *ro)ra$$es- The attit"des to(ards blood donation and re9"ency o blood donation o 520 $edical and
n"rsin) st"dents (ere st"died "sin) a scale to $eas"re aect- beha#ior and co)nition+ Accordin) to indin)s o the st"dy-
the attit"des (ere o"nd to be *ositi#e in all 5 scales+ While the beha#ior scale si)niicantly discri$inated donors ro$ non
donors- no si)niicant dierences (ere obser#ed in the aect and co)nition scales+ They concl"ded that in a $edically
oriented *o*"lation- donors and non donors donor dier si)niicantly in their senti$ents to(ards blood donation+
A(O2E A2ERAGE
A2ERAGE
(ELO>
A2ERAGE
1+Wi(anit%it : cond"cted ast"dy on D %no(led)( abo"t blood donation a$on) a sa$*le o Thai Uni#ersity
st"dentsE+ The so"rce (as de*art$ent o laboratory $edicine- ac"lty o $edicine- ch"lalon)%orn "ni#ersity- ,an)o%+ The
%no(led)e o the *eo*le abo"t blood donation and attit"des to(ards blood donation are inadea9"ate- es*ecially in r"ral
areas+ Accordin) to Thai Redcross 4ociety- the $ost #ol"nterly blood donors are "ni#ersity st"dents+ The ob;ecti#e o the
st"dy is to assess their %no(led)e o #ol"ntary- non- re$"nerator blood donation+ 422 st"dents (ere ta%en as $aterial+ A
sel ad$inistered 9"estionnaire and ace to ace inter#ie( on #ario"s as*ects o blood donation (ere "sed as $ethod or
data collection+ ,y cond"ctin) the st"dy they ca$e to %no( that =2> o the *artici*ants %no( abo"t blood donation- only
11> had e#er donated blood #ol"nterly+
5+ Hosain FC- Anis"BBa$an C- ,e)"$ (ere cond"cted a st"dy onE %no(led)e and attit"de to(ards #ol"ntary
blood donation a$on) Dha%a "ni#ersity st"dents in ,an)ladeshE+ The so"rce (as Di*+ In *ri$ary health care- 4chool o
*"blic health- Uni#ersity o Te.as Ho"ston health science center 00252- U4A+ The st"dy cond"cted (as cross sectional
descri*ti#e st"dy+ The ob;ecti#e o the st"dy is to assess their %no(led)e and attit"dinal #ariables to(ards #ol"ntary- non-
re$"nerated blood donation + 122 st"dents (ere ta%en as sa$*le and (ere inter#ie(ed ace to ace "sin) a str"ct"red
9"estionnaire+ Ater cond"ctin) the st"dy- they o"nd that =1> o the *artici*ants ha#e a *ositi#e attit"des to(ards blood
donation and only 13> had e#er donated blood #ol"ntarily+ Physical har$ and ear (ere o"nd to be the co$$on reason
or not donatin) blood+ The res"lts also sho(ed that a hi)h n"$ber o *artici*ants had a ne)ati#e attit"de to(ards *aid
blood donation+ They s"))est that a**ro*riate $oti#ational ca$*ai)n sho"ld be la"nched i$$ediately a$on) the
*o*"lation to con#ert this a#orable attit"de to(ards blood donation in to a re)"lar *ractice in order to increase the
#ol"ntary blood donation in ,an)ladesh+
4+:as9"es C- Ibarra *- Caldonado C (ere cond"cted a st"dy on blood donationG D &no(led)e and attit"de o
Uni#ersity *o*"lation in Chile+ The so"rce (as de*art$ent o ,io9"i$ica Clinica- 4*anish Uni#ersity+ The ob;ecti#e o the
st"dy is to e#al"ate the %no(led)e and attit"des o st"dents- *roessors and other sta at the "ni#ersity o Talca- Chile-
re)ardin) #ol"ntary blood donation+ ?ro$ !"ne to ;"ly1221 a *re#io"sly #alidated s"r#ey (as ad$inistered to 4=0
indi#id"als in the "ni#ersity co$$"nity+ The s"r#ey so")ht to $eas"re their "nderstandin) o blood donation- that is
$oti#ators and reasons or beco$in) a blood donor and the $yths and ears that $i)ht deter blood donation+ Accordin)
to the indin)s o the st"dy- they o"nd that only 14> o s"r#ey *artici*ants had donated blood in the *ast and $ost o
these (ere *roessors and other acade$ics+ 4t"dents (ere the $a;ority *eo*le (ho (ere *lannin) todonate blood in the
"t"re+ When the $ales in the )ro"* that (as *lannin) to donate (ere co$*ared to the e$ales the dierence (as not
statistically si)niicant+
6+ ?eenaande. Contoya A- de dios A- De Dios '"na cond"cted the st"dy on D attit"des belies and $oti#ations in blood
donors and non donorsE+ The ob;ecti#e o the st"dy (as to %no( and co$*are the belies attit"des and $oti#ations o
donors and nondonors in relation (ith blood donation+The so"rce o the st"dy (as centro re)ional de trans"sion
4an)"inea- Fraada+The $aterial and $ethod o the st"dy (as trans#ersal st"dy by 9"estionnaires ad$inistered to 1/0
blood donors and 525 nondonors+ The 9"estio*nnaries )athered sociode$o )ra*hic data- belies- and attit"des and
$oti#ations and de$oti#ations+The res"lt o the st"dy (as re)ardin) attit"des and belies the donor )ro"* sho(ed $ore
conidence in the )ood condition in (hich donations are *eror$ed - had less eares abo"t the *ossibility the donation can
aect health- their attit"des (ere )enerally less e)ostical and they had less ears abo"t *ossible co$$ercialiBation o the
blood+
3+ &oster !- Hassall+O+ W cond"cted st"dy on Dattit"des to(ards blood donation and trans"sion in ,a$enda-Re*"blic o
Ca$eroonE+ The so"rce (as )rad"ate school o social sciences - Uni#ersity o A$sterda$- Netherlands+The ob;ecti#es o
the st"dy (ere to de#elo* a theoretical ra$e(or% to better "nderstand local attit"des to(ards blood donation and
trans"sion+ To identiy actors that $oti#ate and deter blood donation and to identiy inter#entions to i$*ro#e the s"**ly
o blood or trans"sion+The 9"alitati#e $ethods (ere "sed direct obser#ation- in-de*th inter#ie(s- oc"s )ro"* disc"ssion
and a si$"lation e.ercise+Partici*ants (ere clinical and laboratory stas- *atient relati#es - blood donors- secondary
school st"dents and co$$"nity $e$bers+
0+ ,allala+&- 4hetty +A- cond"cted a st"dy onE %no(led)e- attit"de and *ractices re)ardin) (hole blood donation a$on)
$edical *roessionals in a hos*ital in IndiaE+ The so"rce (as de*art$ent o co$$"nity $edicine- &ast"rba $edical
colle)e Cani*al+ A crosssectional st"dy (as cond"cted at the hos*ital a$on) $edical oicers+ The data (as collected ro$
consentin) indi#id"als in the a)e )ro"* o 16-36 yrs+ A se$istr"ct"red- *retested -9"estionnaires desi)ned to assess
%no(led)e- attit"de and *ractice re)ardin) (hole blood donation+ The st"dy *o*"lation (as 123+
=+ Ala$+C - Casal$eh ,el D-cond"cted a st"dy on D%no(led)e- attit"de and *ractices re)ardin) blood donation a$on)
4a"di *o*"lationE+ The so"rce (as de*art$ent o *atholo)y- ar$ed orces hos*ital+ The crosssectional st"dy (as carried
o"t at the hos*ital or $ethod o data collection+ The res"lt obtained ro$ st"dy incl"des o"t o 622 indi#id"als-
1/176=+1>8(ere donors and 12/741+=>8(ere non donors+Ater the st"dy they o"nd that there are $is conce*tion
re)ardin) blood donation+
/+ OlaiyaC A- Ala%iya W-A;ala A cond"cted a st"dy onE %no(led)e- attit"de - belie#es- and $oti#ations to(ards blood
donation a$on) blood donors in Ni)eriaE+The so"rce (as de*art$ent o *atholo)y - lo)os state "ni#ersity teachin)
hos*ital Ni)eria+ The inter#ie( (ith 9"estionnaire (ere "sed as the tool+ It (as o"nd that a lar)e n"$ber o the$
7/1+/>8 donated beca"se o the beneits they (ill obtain ro$ the hos*ital+61+4> o the$ belie#e they can contact HI:
#ir"s or he*atitis inections ro$ blood donation+
12+ Filani- &a;ani H A- Ati9"e C cond"cted a st"dy onE %no(led)e- attit"de and *ractices re)ardin) blood donation
*re#alent in $edical and *ara$edical *ersonnelE+ The desi)n is crosssectional st"dy+ A *re tested close ended
9"estionnaire (as desi)ned+ :ariable "sed in the st"dy (ere analyBed and co$*ared bet(een t(o )ro"*s- chi s9"are test
(as a**lied on t(o )ro"*s to co$*are the association bet(een increased le#el o a(areness re)ardin) blood donation+ The
st"dy sho( that increased le#el o %no(led)e on s"b;ect does not res"lt in act"al act o donatin) blood+
11+Haller N- Nelson & E-4han H (as cond"cted a st"dy on D%no(led)e- attit"de and *ractices s"r#ey re)ardin) blood
donation in a Chinese city+E The so"rce (as de*art$ent o e*ide$iolo)y and international health+ A s"r#ey o %no(led)e
attit"de and *ractice (as *eror$ed incl"din) 11=2 indi#id"als ro$ = district in China+ ?actors $oti#atin) blood
donation incl"din) social *ress"re- desire to %no( screenin) res"lts and altr"is$+ Inhibitin) actors incl"din) ear o
inection and other health eects+
'3) Jacobs B, Berege A condcted a stdy attitdes and %e#ie=es a%ot %#ood donation a&on$
ad#ts in M"an@a re$ion) The sorce "as ($ando &edica# centre Than@ania) A rando& sa&*#e of ''D'
ad#ts+6D7 residents of M"an@a to"n and 79G fro& M"an@a rra# areas "ere inter=ie"ed on as*ects
re#ated to %#ood donation)Res*ondents freAent#y tho$ht that %#ood donation "o#d infect the& "ith
-I2 or da&a$e their hea#th)Their reco&&ended that -I2conse##in$ sho#d %e done "ith eEtre&e care
and diLer indi=ida#s "ith "ron$ intention fro& %#ood donation):onor recrit&ent ca&*ai$ns sho#d
a#so focs on c#earin$ "ron$ conce*tion a%ot %#ood donation thro$h *ro=idin$ infor&ation a%ot
%#ood donation)
'7) !Mousa"i #,Ta"abi AA,$olesta% B, Ira%&'our E. condcted a stdy on !no"#ed$e+ attitde and
*ractice to"ards %#ood donation in Iranian *o*#ation)The sorce "as de*art&ent of socia#
&edicine+Is#a&ic A@ad Uni=ersity+Tehran Uni=ersity of &edica# science+Iran)The ai& "as to deter&ine
#e=e# of *eo*#e !no"#ed$e a%ot %#ood donation)The stdy "as condcted inTehran in3449 on '444
res*ondent)The res#t "as &ean !no"#ed$e score of the *artici*ant "as G)F)98M of *eo*#e stated that
their &ain &oti=ation to donate %#ood "as a#tris&)
'D) !Salaudee% A$,Musa OI,Samuel SO(condcted a stdy on co&&nity sr=ey on %#ood
donation *ractices in Northern state of Ni$eria)Thesorce "as de*art&ent of e*ide&io#o$y and
co&&nity hea#th+Uni=ersity of I#orin teachin$ hos*ita#)The &ethod sed in the stdy "as descri*ti=e
cross sectiona# stdy) M#tista$e sa&*#in$ techniAe "as carried ot a&on$ 97F res*ondents) The
res#t "as !no"#ed$e of res*ondents on %#ood donation "as #o") Less than D73 0DF)3M1 !ne" so&e
indication a%ot %#ood donation)3'3033)FM1 res*ondent had donated %#ood in the *ast %t on#y'M of
these "ere =o#ntary %#ood donors)
'8) !Be% Nata%, $or)ou L(condcted a stdy on in=esti$atin$ the factors aLectin$ %#ood donation
a&on$ Israe#is)The sorce "as Pat Acade&ic Schoo# of Nrsin$ -i##e# Yafe)The ai& of stdy "as to
eEa&ine "hether the theory of *#anned %eha=ior adds si$ni/cant#y to the *rediction of intention and
acta# %#ood donation of the $enera# Israe#i *o*#ation) The desi$n "as co re#ationa# Aa#itati=e stdy)
The sa&*#e "as '94 Israe#i Ne"ish &en and "o&en a$ed '65F4)The res#t "as Israe#iOs *ercei=ed
%eha=iora# contro# of their %#ood donation)
'F* ! Boul+are LE,,at%er LE,Ness 'M,-oo.er LA( condcted a stdy on the contri%tion of socio
de&o$ra*hic+ &edica# and attitdina# factors to %#ood donation a&on$ the $enera# *%#ic) The sorce
"as de*art&ent of &edicine Nohns -o*!ins schoo# of &edicine M: USA)The stdy desi$n cross
sectiona# te#e*hone sr=ey of hoseho#ds)Trst+fear and ss*icion of hos*ita#s "ere a&on$ factors
contri%tin$ &ost to =ariation in *rior donation history)
'6) Ja"ade/adeh Shahshaha%i 0,1a"ariMT,Attar M**("as condcted a stdy on !no"#ed$e+
attitde and *ractice stdy a%ot %#ood donation in the r%an *o*#ation of Ba@d+Iran+344D)The sorce
"as Iranian %#ood transfsion or$ani@ation+ research center Ba@d+Iran)The ai& of the stdy "as to
assess the #e=e# of !no"#ed$e+attitde and *ractice re$ardin$ %#ood donation in the city of Ba@d
+Iran)Cross sectiona#stdy "as sed):ata "ere ana#ysed %y ana#ysis of =arience sheLe and t5test) There
"as a direct re#ationshi* %et"een !no"#ed$e and *erfor&ance)
'G) !M+aba 2,2ei)elame MN "as condcted a stdy on %#ood donation %eha=ior and %e#ie=es a&on$
a sa&*#e of hi$h schoo# stdents in M&a%atho)This ai&ed at esta%#ishin$ the eEtend of %#ood donation
and %e#ie=es a%ot donated %#ood a&on$ hi$h schoo# stdents )A rando& sa&*#e of D4 standard '4
stdents "as seiected to *artici*ate in the stdy)A strctred Aestionnaire "as sed)The res#t
sho"ed that a#tho$h G4M of the *artici*ants %e#ie=ed that donatin$ %#ood "as i&*ortant on#y '6)8M
had acta##y e=er donated %#ood)
'9) O).ara ,A "as condcted a stdy on attitdes of Ni$erians to"ards %#ood donation and %#ood
donation )The sorce "as de*art&ent of he&ato#o$y and %#ood transfsion+Uni=ersity of Ca#a%ar
+Ni$eria)A Aestionnaire "as desi$ned to deter&ine the attitdes of the *eo*#e to"ards %#ood
donation)The &ost co&&on reason for non donation and non acce*tance of %#ood donation "as
re#i$ios %e#ie=es
34) 3i+ait)it 4. "as condcted a stdy on attitdes to"ards %#ood donation a&on$ *eo*#e in a
rra#district+Thai#and)The sorce"as de*art&ent of #a%oratory &edicine+fac#ty of
&edicine+Ch#an$!orn Uni=ersity+Thai#and)This stdy has %een desi$ned as a cross sectiona#
descri*ti=e stdy to stdy attitdes to"ards %#ood donation a&on$ the *eo*#e in (an$+ s*an
district+Thai#and):ata o%tained fro& se#f ad&inistred Aestionnaire) >e fond that *eo*#e attitdes in
%#ood donation is #ess than 84M)
CHAPTER A III
RE4EARCH CETHODO'OF@
Cethodolo)y is the science o $ethod+ It is a set o $ethods and *rinci*les "sed to *eror$ a *artic"lar acti#ity+
The selection o research a**roach is an i$*ortant ste* in research as it is concerned (ith o#erall ra$e(or% or
cond"ction o the st"dy+ The details o $ethodolo)y incl"de the rationale or the choice o research a**roach- settin)-
descri*tion o tool- sa$*le characterstics- *ilot st"dy- $ethod o data collection- and *lan or data analysis+
The $ethodolo)y o research indicates the )eneral *attern o or)aniBin) *roced"re or )atherin) #alid and
reliable data or the *roble$ "nder in#esti)ations+
RE4EARCH APPROACH
Research a**roach reers to the a**roach or the $ethodolo)y that has been ado*ted to cond"ct the
research+
The research a**roach ado*ted or the *resent st"dy is non-e.*eri$ental descri*ti#e 9a**roach+
RE4EARCH DE4IFN
The research desi)n is the *lan- str"ct"re o in#esti)ations o ans(erin) the research 9"estions+
The research desi)n or the st"dy is a descri*ti#e s"r#ey+
4ETTINF O? THE 4TUD@
DThe settin) is the location in (hich a st"dy is cond"cted+EThe settin) o the st"dy (ill be in the CARE+
Na$*ally+ Colle)e+ O+ N"rsin)- Hyderabad+
POPU'ATION
The *o*"lation is all ele$ents 7indi#id"al- ob;ects- or s"bstance8 that $eet the certain criteria or incl"sion in a
st"dy+
The 1
st
year ,4C7Ns)8 st"dents o CARE+Na$*ally Colle)e O N"rsin) is the *o*"lation+
4ACP'E 4IHE
The sa$*le siBe is 52 st"dents ro$ 1
st
year ,4C N"rsin)+
4ACP'INF TECHNIIUE
The sa$*lin) techni9"e is the *rocess o selectin) a *ortion o *o*"lation to re*resent the entire
*o*"lation+ The sa$*lin) techni9"e is si$*le rando$iBation- 'ottery $ethod+
4ACP'INF CRITERIA
INC'U4IONCRITERIAG
1+ The st"dents (ho are st"dyin) in 1
st
year ,4C N"rsin)+
1+ 4t"dents a#ailable at the ti$e o data collection+
EJC'U4ION CRITERIAG
1Those (ho are absent d"rin) st"dy+
1+The st"dents o 1
nd
-5
rd-
and 4
th
year+
CETHOD O? DATA CO''ECTION
The $ethods allo( "s to syste$atically collect inor$ation abo"t the ob;ectsK sa$*le o st"dy and abo"t the
settin)s in (hich they occ"r+
?or the st"dy the sel ad$inistered 9"estionnaire *lanned+
DE:E'OPCENT AND DE4CRIPTION TOO'
The str"ct"red 9"estionnaire consists o PART A and PART ,+
PART AG It consists o de$o)ra*hic data that incl"des a)e -se.- *arents ed"cation - reli)ion- e.*erience o blood donation-
a#ailability o blood donation centers+
PART ,G It consist o %no(led)e re)ardin) blood- criteria or blood donation- d"rin) blood donation- ater blood
donation- and co$*lications and its $ana)e$ent+
:A'IDIT@ O? THE TOO'
The #alidity reers to (hether an instr"$ent $eas"res acc"rately (hat to $eas"re+
Content #alidity o the tool (ill establish in cons"ltation (ith )"ides Dr+ T+ :as"ndhara T"lasi $ada$ and
Ciss+ Pa#ithra $ada$- Crs+ Dorcas Cada$- Ciss+ Ra;yala%sh$i Cada$+
P'AN ?OR PI'OT 4TUD@
Planned tocond"ct the *ilot st"dy in 6 st"dents (ho $eet the sa$*lin) criteria or deter$inin) the easibility o
the st"dy+
P'AN ?OR DATA ANA'@4I4
Analysis $eans cate)oriBation- orderin) and s"$$ariBin) the data statistically to obtain ans(ers to research
9"estions+
The analysis and inter*retation o data (ill *resent "nder
4ECTION-1G?re9"ency and *ercenta)e distrib"tion o de$o)ra*hic #ariables+
4ECTION-1G ?re9"ency and *ercenta)e distrib"tion o o#erall %no(led)e o n"rsin) st"dents abo"t blood donation+
4ECTION-5G Association bet(een the de$o)ra*hic #ariables and le#el o %no(led)e abo"t blood donation+
4ECTION-4G 4ection (ise analysis+
4UCCAR@
This cha*ter deals (ith $ethodolo)y -research a**roach- research desi)n- #ariables- *o*"lation- sa$*le siBe-
sa$*lin) techni9"e- and criteria- sa$*le characterstics- $ethod o data collection- de#elo*$ent and descri*tion o tool-
score inter*retation- #alidity o tool- *ilot st"dy- and *lan or data analysis+
-0A'TE, 5I4
:ATA ANALYSIS AN: INTERPRETATION
:ata "as o%tained fro& se#ected '
st
year () sc nrsin$ stdents of CARE Na&*a##y co##e$e of
nrsin$ -ydera%ad)
:escri*ti=e statistics "as sed for the ana#ysis of the data on the %asis of the o%,ecti=es of the
stdy) The data ths co##ected "as ta%#ated+ ana#ysed and inter*reted)
O(NECTI2ES OF T-E STU:Y
'1 To assess the !no"#ed$e of nrsin$ stdents a%ot %#ood donation)
31 To /nd ot the association of se#ected =aria%#es "ith the !no"#ed$e of nrsin$ stdents on %#ood
donation)
ORGANIIATION OF T-E :ATA
SECTION5'; Ana#ysis and inter*retation of de&o$ra*hic data)
SECTION53; Ana#ysis and inter*retation of the !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ %#ood donation a&on$ nrsin$
stdents)
SECTION57; Ana#ysis and inter*retation of the !no"#ed$e of the nrsin$ stdents on %#ood donation in
re#ation to se#ected =aria%#es #i!e a$e+ seE+ *arents edcation+ re#i$ion+ eE*erience of %#ood donation+
and a=ai#a%i#ity of %#ood donation centers)
:EMOGRAP-IC :ATA
:e&o$ra*hic data inc#des the a$e $ro* of '65'G yrs+ '9534 yrs+ 3'533 yrs+ P33 yrs+ seE
inc#des &a#e and fe&a#e+ edcation of the *arents inc#des #iteracy and i##iteracy+ re#i$ion inc#des
-ind+ Christian+ Ms#i&+ and others eE*erience of %#ood donation inc#des yes or no+ and a=ai#a%i#ity of
%#ood donation centers inc#des yes or no)
SECTION ; ';
PERCENTAGE :ISTRI(UTION OF AGE;
Fi$re D;' Gra*h sho"in$ *ercenta$e distri%tion of a$e)
-ere the a%o=e $ra*h is c#ear that F sa&*#es0 34M1 are of a$e $ro* '65'G years+ 37 sa&*#es 06F)FM 1
are of '9534 years and ' sa&*#e0 7M1 is of 3'533 years)
PERCENTAGE :ISTRI(UTION OF SEB;
.igure 6:7 %ra'h showing 'ercentage distribution of se3.
,ere in this gra'h it is shown that 7829:; of sam'le are male and <=8>9:; of sam'le are females.
'E,-ENTA$E DIST,IB6TION O# ED6-ATION O# T0E 'A,ENTS :
#igure 7:8 gra.h sho+i%g .erce%tage distributio% o9 .are%ts educatio%*
0ere i% this gra.h it is sho+% that:; < ;=>? o9 .are%ts o9 sam.les are literate a%d
o%ly@ < 8>? o9 .are%ts o9 sam.le is illiterate*
'E,-ENTA$E DIST,IB6TION O# ,ELI$ION
#igure 7:7 The .ie diagram sho+i%g .erce%tage distributio% o9 religio%*
It is clear that :A <B=> ?o9 sam.le is -hristia%s a%d@A < 88>? o9 sam.le is 0i%dus*
'E,-ENTA$E DIST,IB6TION O# EC'E,IEN-E O# BLOOD DONATION :
#igure7:D $ra.h sho+i%g .erce%tage distributio% o9 eE.erie%ce blood do%atio%*
0ere i% this gra.h it is sho+% that8 < @A>? o9 sam.le ha"i%g eE.erie%ce o9 blood
do%atio% a%d ;A> is %ot ha"i%g*
'E,-ENTA$E DIST,IB6TION O# A4AILABILIT1 O# BLOOD DONATION -ENTE,S:
#igure7:B $ra.h sho+i%g .erce%tage distributio% o9 a"ailability o9 blood do%atio%
ce%ters
0ere it is clear that:B < FB*B>? is ha"i%g a"ailability o9 blood do%atio% ce%ters a%d7
< @8> ?o9 sam.le does %ot ha"e *
SECTION QII
FreAency and *ercenta$e distri%tion of the !no"#ed$e of nrsin$ stdents)
Ta%#e D;'
Section;'; Cestions re#ated to %#ood;
SL
NO
ITEM CORRE
CT
INCORRE
CT
')
3)
7)
D)
2o#&e of %#ood in h&an %ody
N&%er of %#ood $ro*s
Uni=ersa# donor
Uni=ersa# reci*ient
'30D4M
1
740'44
M1
740'44
M1
740'44
M1
'G0F4M1
4
4
4
The ta%#e descri%es a%ot the score and *ercenta$e of correct and incorrect ans"ers
re$ardin$ %#ood) The sa&*#e ha=in$ '44M !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ n&%er of %#ood $ro*s+
ni=ersa# donor and ni=ersa# reci*ient)On#y D4M sa&*#e ha=in$ correct !no"#ed$e re$ardin$
=o#&e of %#ood in the h&an %ody)
In short+ the sa&*#e is ha=in$ G8M !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ %#ood)
Ta%#e D;3
Section;3; Cestions re#ated to criteria for %#ood donation;
SL NO) ITEM CORRECT INCORRECT
8 >ei$ht reAired for %#ood
donation
3'064M1 9074M1
F) ReAired a$e for %#ood
donation
9074M1 3'064M1
6) :isorder that is not
*er&anent#y n/t for %#ood
donation
380G7)7M1 80'F)FM1
G) ReAired ti&e for %#ood
donation
'G0F4M1 '30D4M1
9) A&ont of %#ood ta!en
drin$ %#ood donation
9074M1 3'064M1
80'F)FM1
'4) Ti&e reAired to re*#ace
the "ithdra"n %#ood
380G7)7M1
'') S%stance added to
co##ected %#ood
740'44M1 4
'3) ReAired inter=a# for %#ood
donation
'D0DF)FM1 'F087)7M1
'7) Ti&e *eriod for %#ood
donation after sr$ery
'G0F4M1 '30D4M1
'D) Contra indications of %#ood
donation
3909F)FM1 '07)7M1
'8) Ti&e *eriod of %#ood
donation for *re$nant #ady
F034M1 3D0G4M1
'F) Ti&e *eriod reAired for
donatin$ R(C
''07F)FM1 '90F7)7M1
'6) Ti&e freAency for donate
*#ate#et *er year
F034M1 3D0G4M1
'G) Ti&e *eriod reAired for
%#ood donation after
recei=in$ a %#ood donation
'30D4M1 'G0F4M1
'9) Ti&e to "ithho#d the
&edicine %efore %#ood
donation
'D0DF)FM1 'F087)7M1
34) Food sho#d not %e $i=en
%efore %#ood donation
340FF)FM1 '4077)7M1
3')
33)
A=oided thin$s %efore %#ood
donation
EEa&inations %efore %#ood
donation
3D0G4M1
33067)7M1
F034M1
G03F)FM1
The ta%#e descri%es that the score and *ercenta$e of correct and incorrect ans"ers re$ardin$
!no"#ed$e drin$ %#ood donation)It is c#ear that the sa&*#e is ha=in$ &ore !no"#ed$e 0that is
64M1 re$ardin$ *osition drin$ %#ood donation and FF)FM !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ &ana$e&ent
of *erson drin$ %#ood ddonation)A#so the sa&*#e is ha=in$ %e#o" a=era$e !no"#ed$e #e=e#
re$ardin$ (P+ *#se and te&*eratre &aintained drin$ %#ood donation)
(t the sa&*#e is ha=in$ no !no"#!ed$e re$ardin$ reAired te&*eratre drin$
%#ood donation)
>e can /nd that the sa&*#e is ha=in$ D4)DM !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ drin$
%#ood donation)
Ta%#e D;D
Section; D; Cestions re#ated to after %#ood donation;
SLN
O
ITEM CORRECT INCORRECT
74) Instrction to donor after %#ood donation '90F7)7M1 ''07F)FM1
7') I&&ediate thin$ after %#ood donation '90F7)7M1 ''07F)FM1
Ta%#e descri%es a%ot scores and *ercenta$e of correct and incorrect ans"ers re$ardin$
!no"#ed$e after %#ood donation) The sa&*#e is ha=in$ sa&e !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ Aestions
re#ated to after %#ood donation) The sa&*#e is ha=in$ F7)7M !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ this section)
Ta%#e D;8
Section;8;Cestions re#ated to co&*#ications and &ana$e&ent;
SL
NO
ITEM CORRECT INCORRECT
73
)
Main co&*#ications of %#ood donation '8084M1 '8084M1
77
)
Co&*#ications of %#ood donation a&on$ 'F5
'6 years
33067)7M1 G03F)FM1
7D
)
A$e $ro* of #oss of consciosness and
synco*ia# ty*e of co&*#ication
'8084M1 '8084M1
78
)
A$e $ro* of *h#e%oto&y re#ated
co&*#ication
6037)7M1 3706F)FM1
7F
)
Ris! of donatin$ %#ood 30F)FM1 3G097)7M1
76
)
Reactions not occr drin$ donatin$
*#ate#ets
'4077)7M1 340FF)FM1
7G
)
Treat&ent for reactions occr drin$
donatin$ *#ate#ets
'8084M1 '8084M1
Ta%#e descri%es the score and *ercenta$e of correct and incorrect ans"ers re$ardin$
co&*#ication and &ana$e&ent of %#ood donation) The sa&*#e is ha=in$ &ore !no"#ed$e 0that
is 67)7M1 a%ot co&*#ication for 'F5'6 years o#d donors and 84M !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ &ain
co&*#ication and treat&ent of reactions drin$ *#ate#et donation) The sa&*#e is ha=in$ #east
!no"#ed$e0F)FM1 re$ardin$ ris! of donatin$ %#ood)
Sa&*#e is ha=in$ D4)9M !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ co&*#ication and its &ana$e&ent)
SE-TION : :'E,-ENTA$E DIST,IB6TION O# T0E O4E,ALL 2NO3LED$E O# N6,SIN$
ST6DENTS ON BLOOD DONATION:
#igure 7:= Sho+i%g o"erall )%o+ledge o9 %ursi%g stude%ts regardi%g blood
do%atio%*
I% this .icture it is clear that =A> o9 sam.le ha"i%g belo+ a"erage le"el <BA> a%d
belo+? o9 )%o+ledge a%d 8A> ha"i%g a"erage le"el o9 )%o+ledge<B@&FA>?*
SE-TION&8:
2NO3LED$E LE4EL O# N6,SIN$ ST6DENTS IN ,ELATION TO A$E :
#igure 7:F: $ra.h sho+i%g the )%o+ledge le"el i% relatio% to age*
It is clear that stude%ts +ith @=&@F years ha"i%g D=*FF> )%o+ledge, stude%ts +ith
@;&:A years ha"i%g D@*:D> )%o+ledge a%d 9or :@&:: years ha"i%g 7=*8B>
)%o+ledge*
2NO3LED$E LE4EL O# N6,SIN$ ST6DENTS IN ,ELATION TO SEC:
#igure 7:; gra.h sho+i%g the )%o+ledge le"el i% relatio% to seE*
It is clear that male stude%ts ha"i%g DD*:D> )%o+ledge le"el a%d 9emale ha"i%g
D:*;@> )%o+ledge le"el*
2NO3LED$E O# N6,SIN$ ST6DENTS IN ,ELATION TO ED6-ATION O# 'A,ENTS:
Fi$reD;'4 $ra*h sho"in$ !no"#ed$e in re#ation to edcation of *arents)
It is c#ear that sa&*#e "ith edcated *arents ha=in$ 83)DDM !no"#ed$e and sa&*#e "ith
i##iterate *arents ha=in$ 83)F7M !no"#ed$e)
HNO>LE:GE OF NURSING STU:ENTS IN RELATION TO EBPERIENCE OF (LOO: :ONATION;
Fi$re D;'' $ra*h sho"in$ that !no"#ed$e in re#ation to eE*erience of %#ood donation)
It is c#ear that sa&*#e "ho has eE*erience of %#ood donation ha=e DD)9DM of !no"#ed$e and
"ho does not ha=e eE*erience ha=in$ 83)6M !no"#ed$e)
HNO>LE:GE OF NURSING STU:ENTS IN RELATION TO RELIGION;

Fi$re D;'3 $ra*h sho"in$ !no"#ed$e in re#ation to re#i$ion)
It descri%es that sa&*#e "ith Christian re#i$ion ha=in$ 83)49M and "ith -ind re#i$ion ha=in$
87)F6M !no"#ed$e)
HNO>LE:GE OF NURSING STU:ENTS IN RELATION TO A2AILA(ILITY OF (LOO: :ONATION;
Fi$re D;'7 $ra*h sho"in$ !no"#ed$e in re#ation to a=ai#a%i#ity of %#ood donation centers)
It is c#ear that sa&*#e "ith a=ai#a%i#ity of %#ood donation centers ha=in$ 8D)'DM !no"#ed$e
and for sa&*#e not ha=in$ a=ai#a%i#ity of %#ood donation centers ha=in$ 88)GFM)
CHAPTER V
DISCUSSION, SUMMARY, IMPLICATION,LIMITATIONS,AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
This cha*ter dea#s "ith the discssion of /ndin$s fro& the data ana#y@ed and inter*ret
accordin$ to the o%,ecti=es of the *ro%#e& stated "hich has to %e e=a#ated for its %ene/cia#
i&*#ications)
This stdy "as condcted in a =ie" that to assess the !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ %#ood donation
a&on$ '
st
year (Sc Nrsin$ stdents in CARE) Na&*a##y Co##e$e of Nrsin$+ -ydera%ad)
A descri*ti=e stdy "as sed "here the stdy "as condcted "ith 74 stdents of ' st
year (SC Nrsin$ CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e Of Nrsin$)
O(NECTI2ES
')To assess the !no"#ed$e of nrsin$ stdents a%ot %#ood donation
3) To /nd ot the association of se#ected =aria%#es "ith the !no"#ed$e of nrsin$ stdents on %#ood
donation)
The /ndin$ of the *resent stdy "as discssed nder the fo##o"in$ headin$s)
SECTION '5 Findin$s and inter*retation of de&o$ra*hic data)
SECTION 35 Findin$s re#ated to !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ %#ood donation a&on$ nrsin$ stdents)
SECTION 75 Findin$s re#ated to !no"#ed$e of nrsin$ stdents on %#ood donation in re#ation to se#ected
=aria%#es #i!e a$e+ seE+ *arents edcation+re#i$ion+eE*erience of %#ood donation+ a=ai#a%i#ity of %#ood
donation centers
SECTION ';FIN:INGS RELATE: TO :EMOGRAP-IC :ATA)

In the *resent stdy+ot of 74 sa&*#es+ F stdents co&es nder the a$e $ro* of '65'G
years034M1+37 stdents co&es nder the a$e $ro* of '9534 years06F)FM1and ' stdents co&es nder
the a$e $ro* of 3'533years 07M1)'4M of the sa&*#es are &a#e and 94M of the sa&*#es are
fe&a#es)9FMof the *arents of sa&*#es are #iterate and 7Mof the *arents are i##iterate)FF)FMof the
sa&*#e are Christian and 77Mare -ind) On#y '4Mof the sa&*#e ha=e eE*erience of %#ood donation
and re&ainin$ 94MdidnOt ha=e) There are a=ai#a%i#ity of %#ood donation centers for GF)FMsa&*#es and
'7Mnot ha=in$)
SECTION 3;FIN:INGS RELATE: TO HNO>LE:GE REGAR:ING (LOO: :ONATION AMONG NURSING
STU:ENTS
In the *resent stdy it sho"ed that 74M of the stdents has a=era$e !no"#ed$e on %#ood
donation+64Mof the stdents has %e#o" a=era$e !no"#ed$e)
SECTION 7; FIN:INGS RELATE: TO HNO>LE:GE OF NURSING STU:ENTS IN (LOO: :ONATION IN
RELATION TO SELECTE: 2ARIA(LES)
In the stdy "hen co&*arin$ the !no"#ed$e in re#ation to the a$e+stdents of a$e $ro* of '65
'G yrs ha=e 86)GGM+for '9534yrs 8')38M and for 3'533yrs ha=e D6)7FM)Ma#e stdents ha=e 88)38M
and fe&a#e stdent ha=e 83)9'M !no"#ed$e)>hen co&*arin$ the !no"#ed$e in re#ation to edcation
of *arents+ sa&*#es of #iterate *arents ha=e 83)DDMand for re&ainin$ ha=e 83)F7M!no"#ed$e)Sa&*#e
"ho are in Christian re#i$ion ha=e 83)49M !no"#ed$e and for -inds ha=e 87)F6M)The sa&*#es ha=in$
eE*erience of %#ood donation ha=e DD)9DM !no"#ed$e and re&ainin$ ha=e 83)63M)The sa&*#es "ith
a=ai#a%i#ity of %#ood donation centers ha=e 8D)'DM !no"#ed$e and for re&ainin$ ha=e 88)GFM
!no"#ed$e
CONCLUSION
?The /ndin$s of the stdy sho"s that there is no association %et"een the a$e $ro* and !no"#ed$e
#e=e# of nrsin$ stdents)
?The /ndin$ of the stdy states that there is no re#ation %et"een seE of the stdent and !no"#ed$e
#e=e#)
?The /ndin$s of the stdy con/r&s that there is no re#ation %et"een edcation of *arents and
!no"#ed$e #e=e# of nrsin$ stdents)
?The /ndin$s of the stdy states that there is no re#ationshi* %et"een re#i$ion and !no"#ed$e of
nrsin$ stdents)
?The stdy conc#ded that there is no re#ationshi* %et"een eE*erience of %#ood donation and
!no"#ed$e #e=e#)
?The stdy a#so states that there is no re#ation %et"een a=ai#a%i#ity of %#ood donation centers and
!no"#ed$e #e=e#)
SUMMARY
The focus of the stud& was to assess the knowledge on blood donation among 2
st
&ear *Sc nursing students in
+A)E. am'all& college of nursing0 ,&derabad. The design of the stud& was descri'tive stud&.The structured questionnaire used
for the 79 sam'les.In short the section 2 sam'le is having ?@: knowledge regarding blood. In section : < the sam'le is having
onl& @=.>: knowledge regarding criteria for blood donation. In section :7 the sam'le is having69.6: knowledge regarding during
blood donation. In section :6 the sam'le is having A7.7: regarding after the blood donation. And in section:@ the sam'le is having
69.>: knowledge regarding com'lications and its management.
The overall knowledge of sam'le having =9: in below average and 79: sam'le having average knowledge.
I/-#I+ATI!S
The 'resent stud& reveals that nursing students have below average knowledge about blood donation. The finding
of the stud& have several im'lications for nursing education0 nursing 'ractice0 and nursing research.
()SI% E$(+ATI!
ursing students who reall& have knowledge about blood donation can lead to other students and societ& to encourage
blood donation.The nursing educators can 'la& a ke& role in im'arting knowledge on blood donation.
()SI% -)A+TI+E
The stud& findings reveals the im'ortance of im'roving the knowledge regarding blood donation0 In nursing students
will 'romote the motivation to blood donation.
()SI% )ESEA)+,
The stud& findings will identif& the 'resent level of knowledge regarding blood donation.This stud& will motivate other
investigators to conduct further stud& related to this0 which might ultimatel& lead the wa& to man& researchers in the
field of blood donation.
)E+!//E$ATI!S
*The similar stud& can be conducted in a large sam'le si1e.
*+om'aritive stud& can be taken in between two different grou's of 'o'ulation.
*An e3'erimental stud& ma& be conducted to test the effectiveness of health education and training.
*A stud& can be conducted to assess the learning needs of students about blood donation.
*The stud& can be conducted in different nursing colleges and schools other than +A)E. am'all& +ollege !f
ursing.
ANNEBURE 5 A
LETTER RECUESTING PERMISSION
TO CON:UCT T-E MAIN STU:Y

Fro&+
Ms)(#essy )P)Ro%inson)
Ms)Chinch )N)P)
Ms)Chin,)(a%y)
Ms)Christy)Snny)
Ms)-oney)Cherian)
To+
The Princi*a#+
CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of Nrsin$+
(an,ara -i##s+
-ydera%ad)

S%,ect; Readin$ *er&ission to condct research *ro,ect "or! CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e
Of Nrsin$ +(an,ara -i##s+ -ydera%ad)
Res*ected Mada&+
>e+ Ms)(#essy)P)Ro%inson+ Ms)Chinch) N)*+ Ms)Chin, (a%y+ Ms)Christy)Snny+
And Ms)-oneyCherian)) I2 Year ()Sc Nrsin$ stdents of CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of Nrsin$
>o#d #i!e to do or research *ro,ect in CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of Nrsin$+-ydera%ad)
The state&ent of or research stdy is A Stdy to assess !no"#ed$e of nrsin$ stdents
Re$ardin$ %#ood donation a&on$ '
st
year (Sc Nrsin$ stdents in CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of Nrsin$+
-ydera%ad).
Hind#y $rant s *er&ission to condct stdy here)
Than!in$ yo+

Yors sincere#y+
Princi*a#;
Ms)(#essy)P)Ro%inson+
Ms)Chinch)N)P+
Ms)Chin,)(a%y+
Ms)Christy)Snny+
Ms)-oney)Cherian)
ANNEBURE Q (
2ALI:ITY OF T-E TOOL
Fro&+
Ms)(#essy)P)Ro%inson+
Ms)Chinch)N)P+
Ms)Chin,)(a%y+
Ms)Christy)Snny+
Ms)-oney)Cherian)
I2 Year ()Sc Nrsin$+
CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of Nrsin$
(an,ara -i##s+-ydera%ad)
To+
Mrs):orcas Ra,+
Lectrer
CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of NURSING+
(an,ara -i##s+
-ydera%ad)
S%,ect ; ReAestin$ #etter to $rant o*inions and s$$estions of eE*erts for esta%#ishin$ content
2a#idity of research too#)
Res*ected Mada&+
>e are I2th YEAR ()Sc Nrsin$ stdents of CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of Nrsin$)>e are
se#ected %e#o" &entioned to*ic for or research *ro,ect to %e s%&itted to N)T)R Uni=ersity as a *artia#
f#/##&ent of Uni=ersity reArire&ent for /na# year ()Sc nrsin$ de$ree)
To*ic a stdy to assess the !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ %#ood donation a&on$ '
st
year ()Sc
Nrsin$ stdents in CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of Nrsin$+ -ydera%ad).
-ere "ith "e are enc#osin$ the research too# )
May "e reAest yo to !ind#y $o thro$h the contents of the too# and $i=e yor =a#a%#e
s$$estions)>e !ind#y reAest to $i=e or too# on 65'3534'')
Than!in$ yo+

Yors Sincere#y
P#ace;
:ate;
2ALI:ITY OF T-E TOOL
Fro&+
Ms)(#essy)P)Ro%inson+
Ms)Chinch)N)P+
Ms)Chin,)(a%y+
Ms)Christy)Snny+
Ms)-oney)Cherian)
I2 Year ()Sc Nrsin$+
CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of Nrsin$
(an,ara -i##s+-ydera%ad)
To+
:r)T)2asndhara T#si+
Princi*a#
CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of NURSING+
(an,ara -i##s+
-ydera%ad)
S%,ect ; ReAestin$ #etter to $rant o*inions and s$$estions of eE*erts for esta%#ishin$ content
2a#idity of research too#)
Res*ected Mada&+
>e are I2th YEAR ()Sc Nrsin$ stdents of CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of Nrsin$)>e are
se#ected %e#o" &entioned to*ic for or research *ro,ect to %e s%&itted to N)T)R Uni=ersity as a *artia#
f#/##&ent of Uni=ersity reArire&ent for /na# year ()Sc nrsin$ de$ree)
To*ic a stdy to assess the !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ %#ood donation a&on$ '
st
year ()Sc
Nrsin$ stdents in CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of Nrsin$+ -ydera%ad).
-ere "ith "e are enc#osin$ the research too# )
May "e reAest yo to !ind#y $o thro$h the contents of the too# and $i=e yor =a#a%#e
s$$estions)>e !ind#y reAest to $i=e or too# on 65'3534'')
Than!in$ yo+

Yors Sincere#y
P#ace;
:ate;
2ALI:ITY OF T-E TOOL
Fro&+
Ms)(#essy)P)Ro%inson+
Ms)Chinch)N)P+
Ms)Chin,)(a%y+
Ms)Christy)Snny+
Ms)-oney)Cherian)
I2 Year ()Sc Nrsin$+
CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of Nrsin$
(an,ara -i##s+-ydera%ad)
To+
Ms)Ra,ya#a!sh&i+
Lectrer+
CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of NURSING+
(an,ara -i##s+
-ydera%ad)
S%,ect ; ReAestin$ #etter to $rant o*inions and s$$estions of eE*erts for esta%#ishin$ content
2a#idity of research too#)
Res*ected Mada&+
>e are I2th YEAR ()Sc Nrsin$ stdents of CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of Nrsin$)>e are
se#ected %e#o" &entioned to*ic for or research *ro,ect to %e s%&itted to N)T)R Uni=ersity as a *artia#
f#/##&ent of Uni=ersity reArire&ent for /na# year ()Sc nrsin$ de$ree)
To*ic a stdy to assess the !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ %#ood donation a&on$ '
st
year ()Sc
Nrsin$ stdents in CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of Nrsin$+ -ydera%ad).
-ere "ith "e are enc#osin$ the research too# )
May "e reAest yo to !ind#y $o thro$h the contents of the too# and $i=e yor =a#a%#e
s$$estions)>e !ind#y reAest to $i=e or too# on 65'3534'')
Than!in$ yo+

Yors Sincere#y
P#ace;
:ate;
ANNEBURE Q C
STRUCTURE: CUESTIONNAIRE
A Aestionnaire to assess the !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ %#ood donation a&on$ '
st
year ()Sc nrsin$
stdents in CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of Nrsin$+ (an,ara hi##s -ydera%ad)
:ear res*ondent+
>e Ms)(#essy)P)Ro%inson+ Ms)Chinch)N)P+Ms)Chin,)(a%y+Ms)Christy)Snny+
Ms)-oney)Cherian+()Sc nrsin$ /na# year stdents of CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of Nrsin$+
(an,ara hi##s+ -ydera%ad "o#d #i!e to condct a research stdy as a *artia# f#/##&ent of the
:e$ree corse)The Aestionnaire is the *art of or research for assessin$ the !no"#ed$e on
%#ood donation a&on$ ' st year ()Sc nrsin$ stdents in CARE Na&*a##y co##e$e of Nrsin$)
>e reAest yo to ans"er a## the Aestions) Hind#y $o thro$h the Aestions caref##y
and ans"er it) The Aestionnaire consist of 7G Aestions and it ta!e a**roEi&ate#y 74 &intes to
co&*#ete it) The infor&ation yo share "i## %e !e*t con/dentia# and yor coo*eration in this
eLorts "i## %e a**reciated)
Than!in$ yo+

Yors sincere#y+
Ms)(#essy)P)Ro%inson+
Ms)Chinch)N)P+
Ms)Chin,)(a%y+
Ms)Christy)Snny+
Ms)-oney)Cherian)
I2 Year stdents
QUESTIONNAIRE
IST)(+TI! .!) T,E -A)TI+I-ATS:
)ead each question carefull&. Kindl& answer all the question for the best of &our abilit&. The data will be
ke't as confidential and used onl& for research 'ur'ose.
PART A
$E/!%)A-,I+ $ATA
2.A%E:
a. 2=52? &rs
b.2>5<9&rs
c.<25<<&rs
d.B<<&rs
<.SEC
a./ale
b..emale
7.E$(+ATI! !. T,E -A)ETS
a.#iterac&
b.Illiterac&
6.)E#I%I!
a.,indu
b.+hristian
c./uslim
d.!thers
@.EC-E)IA+E !. *#!!$ $!ATI!
a.Des
b.o
A.AEAI#A*I#ITD !. *#!!$ $!ATI! +ETE)S
a.Des
b.o
PART-B
SE+TI!52
F(ESTI!S )E#ATE$ T! *#!!$
2.,ow much blood will be there in human bod&G
a.@ lit
b.@.@ lit
c.A lit
d.A.@ lit
<.,ow man& t&'es of blood grou's are thereG
a.7
b.@
c.6
d.A
7."hich is the universal donorG
a.A*
b.!
c.A
d.*
6."hich is the universal reci'ientG
a.!
b.A
c.*
d.A*
SE+TI!5<
F(ESTI!S )E#ATE$ T! +)ITE)IA .!) *#!!$ $!ATI!:
@.,ow much weight is required for blood donationG
a.@@ kg
b.@9 kg
c.A9 kg
d.6@ kg
A."hat is the required age for blood donationG
a.2?5@@ &rs
b.<95A9 &rs
c.<95@9 &rs
d.2@56@ &rs
=."hich disorder is not 'ermanentl& unfit for blood donationG
a.E'ile's&
b.+ardiovascular disorder
c.,e'atitis
d./alignanc&
?. ,ow much time can be taken to collect blood from the donorsG
a.@5> minutes
b.2952@ minutes
c.2A5<9 minutes
d.<25<@ minutes
>.,ow much blood can be taken during blood donationG
a.7995699 ml
b.7@956@9 ml
c.@99ml
d.6995@99 ml
29.,ow much time will take to re'lace the withdrawn bloodG
a.<9 hrs
b.<656? hrs
c.79 hrs
d.<?57< hrs
22."hat substance is added to collected bloodG
a.Anticoagulant
b.-lasma
c.-latelet
d.one
2<."hat is the interval required for blood donationG
a.Ever& 6 month
b.Ever& @ month
c.Ever& < month
d.Ever& 7 month
27."hen the 'eo'le can donate blood after surger&G
a.After A52< months
b.After 2 &r
c.After 7 month
d.After 29526 month
26. "ho are the 'eo'le contra indicated to the blood donationG
a. ,IE
b. A wks after the deliver&
c. 2< months after surger&
d. 6 months after a blood donation
2@."hen the 'regnant lad& can donate bloodG
a.A wks after the 'regnanc& ends
b.6 wks after the 'regnanc& ends
c.? wks after the 'regnanc& ends
d.one of the above
2A."hat is the time 'eriod required for donating )*+G
a.!nce ever& 29 wks
b.!nce in ever& 2A wks
c.!nce in ever& 26 wks
d.one of the above
2=.,ow man& times can donate 'latelet 'er &earG
a.<6 times
b.2< times
c.29 times
d.<9 times
2?."hen the 'eo'le can donate the blood after receiving a blood transfusionG
a.29 months after the date of transfusion
b.? months after the date of transfusion
c.26 months after the date of transfusion
d.2< months after the date of transfusion
2>."hen the donor need to withhold the medicine before blood donationG
a.#ast 6? hrs
b.#ast 2< hrs
c.#ast <6 hrs
d.#ast 2A hrs
<9."hich food should not be given before donating bloodG
a.*read and cereals
b.%reen leaf& vegetables
c.#egumes
d..ruit Huice
<2."hat are the following should be avoided before going to blood donationG
a.Taking alchohol
b.Taking soda
c.Taking lot of caffeine
d.All the above
<<."hat are the e3aminations to be 'erformed before donating the bloodG
a./edical histor& and 'h&sical e3amination
b.Eital signs
c.*lood test
d.All the above
SE+TI! 7
F(ESTI!S )E#ATE$ T! $()I% *#!!$ $!ATI!
<7."hat will &ou do if the 'atient shock during blood donationG
a.I E .luid thera'&
b.Immediatel& sto' the 'rocedure
c.Administration of medication
d.change of 'osition
<6."hich of the following is not necessar& during blood donationG
a.+heck * -
b./aintain su'ine 'ositon
c.)ecreational thera'&
d.+heck for an& com'lications
<@."hat 'osition should be maintained during blood donationG
a..owlers 'osition
b.#eft lateral 'osition
c.Semi recumbent 'osition
d.-rone 'osition
<A."hat to do if the donor e3'eriencing weakness or faintness during blood donationG
a.Should take rest for a longer 'eriod
b.Should take food
c.Should take fluids
d.All the above
<=.,ow much *- should be required for donating bloodG
a.S&stolic 'ressure >9 to 2?9 mm,g0 diastolic 'ressure @9 to 299 mm,g
b.S&stolic 'ressure less than >9mm,g0 diastolic 'ressure less than @9 mm,g
c.S&stolic 'ressure more than 2?9mm,g0diastolic 'ressure more than 299mm,g
d.<99I69 mm of hg
<?.,ow much 'ulse rate should be maintained during blood donationG
a.#ess than @9 beats
b.?95 299 beats
c. @9 5 299 beats
d.A95229 beats
<>.,ow much tem'erature should be maintained during blood donationG
a.>?.AJ.
b.Should not e3ceed >>J.
c.Should not e3ceed >>.AJ.
d.Should be >A5299J.
SE+TI! 6
F(ESTI!S )E#ATE$ T! A.TE) T,E *#!!!$ $!ATI!
79."hat should not be instructed to do after taking blood from donorG
a.Ask to hold the involved arm straight u'
b.-erform e3ercises
c.Ask to a''l& firm 'ressure with sterile gau1e
d.Ask to remain in recumbent 'osition
72."hich is not necessar& immediatel& after blood donationG
a.$rink 'lent& of water
b./onitor vital signs
c.Administer anticoagulants
d.Taking rest for a while
SE+TI!5@
F(ESTI!S )E#ATE$ T! +!/-#I+ATI!S A$ /AA%E/ET
7<."hat is the main com'lication of blood donationG
a.Shock
b..ever
c.Arterial 'uncture
d.,emorrhage
77."hich is the com'lication of blood donation among 2A52= &rs oldG
a.-allor
b.$ia'horesis
c.#oss of consciousness
d.All the above
76.In which age grou' loss of consciousness and s&nco'al t&'e of com'lication can see as the com'lication of blood donationG
a.2A52= &rs
b.2?5<9 &rs
c.<65<? &rs
d.<<5<7 &rs
7@.In which age grou' 'hlebotom& related com'lication is 'revalent during blood donationG
a.!lder than 69 &rs
b.Dounger than <9 &rs
c.*etween <2572 &rs
d.one of the above
7A."hat are the risk of donating bloodG
a.+ontact common viruses
b.*acterial infections
c.#ow * -
d.one of the above
7=."hat are the reactions that are not occur during donating the 'lateletsG
A./uscle cram's
b.ausea
c.)ashes
d..eeling of numbness
7?.,ow we will treat the reactions that occur when donating the 'lateletsG
a.Taking a calcium su''lement before or during the donation
b.Taking 'otassium su''lement before or during the donation
c.Taking iron su''lement before or during the donation
d.one of the above

KEY POINTS
SE+TI!52
2.a
<.c
7.b
6.d
@.d
SE+TI!5<
A.b
=.c
?.b
>.b
29.b
22.a
2<.d
27.a
26.a
2@.a
2A.b
2=.a
2?.d
2>.a
<9.c
<2.d
<<.d
SE+TI! 7
<7.b
<6.c
<@.c
<A.a
<=.c
<?.c
<>.c
SE+TI! 6
79.b
72.c
SE+TI! @
7<.c
77.d
76.a
7@.b
7A.d
7=.c
7?.a
PART
A PART B
SL NO. Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15
1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
3 2 2 1 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
4 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
5 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
6 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1
7 2 2 1 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
8 2 2 1 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1
9 2 2 1 2 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
10 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
11 1 2 1 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
12 2 2 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1
13 2 2 1 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
14 1 2 1 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
15 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
16 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
17 2 2 1 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1
18 1 2 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
19 2 2 1 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
20 2 2 1 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
21 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1
22 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
23 2 2 1 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
24 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
25 2 2 1 1 2 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
26 2 2 1 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
27 2 1 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
28 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0
29 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
30 1 2 1 1 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1