Copyright 2013

SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
MYRRHA
Multipurpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications
MYRRHA: a multipurpose
Accelerator Driven System for
Research & Development
Roberto Salemme
ADT - SCKCEN
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
MYRRHA - Accelerator Driven System
Accelerator
particles protons
beam energy 600 MeV
beam current 2.4 to 4 mA
mode CW
MTBF > 250 h
2
Fast
Neutron
Source
Multipurpose
Flexible
Irradiation
Facility
Reactor
power ~85 MW
th
k
eff
0.955
spectrum fast (flexible)
fuel MOX
coolant LBE
ADS demonstrator: transmutation concept
Flexible fast neutron spectrum irradiation facility:
for GEN-IV materials (fission, fusion)
Neutron irradiated silicon
Radioisotopes for nuclear medicine
Fundamental research
Target
main reaction spallation
output 210
17
n/s
material LBE (coolant)
power 2.4 MW
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
Partitioning & Transmutation
3
Storage (to wait) vs. treatment (to use nature
against nature):
To reduce radiotoxicity of MAs, we can to fission them
The ratio Fission/Capture is more favorable with fast
neutrons
To reduce radiotoxicity of LLFPs, they should undergo
several neutron captures
Spent nuclear fuel current
EU strategy is:
Onsite in-pool cooling (up to 10yrs)
Reprocessing in (few) centralized and
dedicated plants (1yr): here U&Pu is
removed from the spent fuel
Disposal:
Superficial for LLW and ILW (half
lives ~10
3
yrs)
Geological for HLW (half lives ~ 10
6
yrs)
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
Nuclear waste: transmutation impact
4
Duration
Reduction: 1000x
Volume
Reduction: 100x
Time (years)
Nuclear waste
transmutation
Spent fuel
reprocessing and
disposal
No
reprocessing
US DOE exstimation, LWR fuel,
burn-up: 50 GWd/MT, 5 years in-
pool cooling
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
ADS reactor: rather a necessity than a virtue
5
Critical reactors as
well as ADS can be
used as MAs
transmuters
Nevertheless,
critical reactors,
heavily loaded with
MAs, can
experience severe
safety issue due to
reactivity effect
induced by a
smaller fraction of
delayed neutrons
ADS can operate in
a more flexible and
safer manner even
if heavily loaded
with MAs
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
MYRRHA: not only ADS
6
Waste
Fission GEN IV
Fusion
Fundamental
research
Silicon
doping
Radioisotopes
= 1 to 5.10
14
n/cm.s
(ppm He/dpa ~ 10)
in medium-large volumes
Material research

Fast
= 1 to 5.10
14
n/cm.s
(En>1 MeV) in large volumes
Fuel research

tot
= 0.5 to 1.10
15
n/cm.s

th
= 0.5 to 2.10
15
n/cm.s
(En<0.4 eV)

th
= 0.1 to 1.10
14
n/cm.s
(En<0.4 eV)
High energy LINAC
600 MeV 1 GeV
Long irradiation time
50 to 100 MWth

Fast
= ~10
15
n/cm.s
(En>0.75 MeV)
http://myrrha.sckcen.be/en/
MYRRHA/Applications
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
Project Timeline
7
2010-2014
R&D &
Front End
Engineering
Design
2019
On site
assembly
2016-2018
Construction of
components &
civil engineering
2015
Tendering &
Procurement
2020-2022
Commissioning
2023
Progressive
start-up
2024-
Full
exploitation
FEED
(Front End
Engineering
Design)
Minimise
technological
risks
Secure
the licensing
Secure a
sound
management
and
investment
structure
PDP
preliminary
dismantling
plan
PSAR
preliminary
safety
assesment
EIAR
environmental
impact
assesment
Central
Project
Team
Owner
Engineering
Team
Owner
Consortium
Group
2010-2014
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
Project budget
8
Belgium 60 M
(12 M/y x 5 y)
2nd phase (11 y)
others 576 M
Belgium 324 M
(36 M/y x 9 y)
Consortium
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
MYRRHA accelerator: background
9
End 90s: several collaborative R&D activities worldwide on ADS accelerators
(APT/AAA, TRASCO, etc. w/ especially a CEA/CNRS/INFN collaboration)
2001: The European roadmap for developing ADS for Nuclear Waste Incineration,
European Technical Working Group on ADS
(chaired by C. Rubbia, ENEA)
2002: pre-design MYRRHA Draft 1 (cyclotron 350 MeV)
2002-2004: MYRRHA is studied as one of the 3 reactor designs within the
PDS-XADS FP5 project (coord. Framatome/AREVA)
(cyclotron turns into linac, first reliability analyses show a need for fault-tolerance
capability)
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
2005: updated pre-design MYRRHA Draft 2 (linac 350 MeV)
2005-2010: MYRRHA is studied as the XT-ADS demo within the
EUROTRANS FP6 project (coord. FZK)
(600 MeV linac conceptual design, R&D activities w/ focus on reliability)
2010: MYRRHA is on the ESFRI list, and officially supported by the Belgium
government at a 40% level (384M, w/ 60M already engaged)
2010-2014: MYRRHA accelerator advanced design phase w/ support from the
EURATOM FP7 projects (CDT, FREYA, MAX especially)
2015-2019: possible construction phase
2020-2023: possible commissioning phase & progressive start-up
MYRRHA accelerator: background
10
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
MYRRHA Accelerator: current characteristics
11
Proton energy 600 MeV
Peak beam current 0.1 to 4.0 mA
Repetition rate CW, 250 Hz
Beam duty cycle 10
-4
to 1
Beam power stability < 2% on a time scale of 100ms
Beam footprint on reactor window Circular 85mm
Beam footprint stability < 10% on a time scale of 1s
# of allowed beam trips on reactor longer than
3 sec
10 maximum per 3-month operation
period
# of allowed beam trips on reactor longer than
0.1 sec
100 maximum per day
# of allowed beam trips on reactor shorter
than 0.1 sec
unlimited
Highpowerprotonbeam (upto2.4MW)
Extreme reliability level:MTBF>250hrs
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
Beam power: comparison
12
Existing NCmachines
UnderconstructionNCmachines
Existing SCmachines
UnderconstructionSCmachines
Planned SCmachines
Only2machinesworldwideattheMWlevel=
PSI&SNS
JL.Biarrotte,Proc.SRF2013
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
Beam trips rate: comparison
13
D.Vandeplassche,Proc.IPAC2012
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
MYRRHA Accelerator: design key-points
14
Reliable: extremely high Mean Time Between
Failures (MTBF) > 250 hrs
Continuous: CW beam delivery
Powerful: 1 to 4 mA beam current, high power
Fault Tolerance:
Solid design: robust optics, derating, use
components far from their technological limits
Solid State (SS) RF amplifiers
Modular DC power supplies
Digital Low Level RF (LLRF) control
Redundancy, with
Parallel scheme in the injector: frozen optics
Serial scheme in the High Energy LINAC: modular
structures
Reparability (short MTTR) to guarantee high
availability
Superconductivity:
high beam current handling
compact
lower power consumption
in CW
large beam apertures with
small losses
D.Vandeplassche,Proc.IPAC2011
It's not that I'm so smart, it's just that I stay with problems longer.
A. Einstein
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
MYRRHA Accelerator: design choices
protons: 24 mA, CW, 600 MeV
MYRRHA
5 cell Elliptical
704 MHz
2 gap Spoke
352 MHz
80.8
MeV
184.4
MeV
600
MeV
15
Doubled Injector, multicell
structures, up to 17 MeV @
176.1 MHz:
ECR ion source, 30 keV
LEBT
4-rod RFQ, 1.5 MeV
RT-CH, 3.5 MeV
SC-CH, 17 MeV
Superconducting LINAC, modular,
individually controlled cavities, warm
quadrupoles doublets and diagnostics:
=0.375 =0.510
17 MeV
=0.705
Injectors
176 MHz
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
MYRRHA + ISOL@MYRRHA
Pure and intense RIBs
of ~5060 keV
Low-resolution
mass separator
RFQ cooler and
buncher
High-resolution mass
separator
Beam
kicker
Ruggedized target:
e.g. Ta, UC/C
Sustainable 1
+
ion
source
ISOL@MYRRHA
MYRRHA
16
protons: 24 mA, CWwith
200s/250Hz interruptions, 600 MeV
5 cell Elliptical
704 MHz
600
MeV
2 gap Spoke
352 MHz
80.8
MeV
184.4
MeV
=0.375 =0.510
17 MeV
=0.705
Injectors
176 MHz
Experiments:
nuclear physics
condensed matter
atomic physics
fundamental Interactions
life science (production of
radioisotopes alpha emitters)
L.Popescu,Proc.AccApp 2013
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
Beam structure: LEBT chopper timing
t
t
ISOL
extraction
kicker cycle
Chopper
cycle
200 s
5 s
5 s
4 ms (250 Hz)
5+a s
5+b s
17
Beam delivery:
for reactor subcritical monitoring 200 s/250 Hz beam
interruptions are required
using an extraction kicker, 600 MeV, 190 s/250 Hz beam pulses
become available for an ISOL facility
From the chopper point of view, a very special duty cycle is foreseen!
Possibility to modulate intensity delivered to reactor or ISOL
MPS beam cut-out system
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
Superconducting LINAC: fault recovery scheme
18
1) A failure is detected somewhere
Beam is stopped by the MPS in the injector at t
0
2) The fault is localized in a SC cavity RF loop
Need for an efficient fault diagnostic system
3) New V/ set-points are updated to cavities
adjacent to the failed one
Set-points determined via virtual
accelerator application and/or at the
commissioning phase
4) The failed cavity is detuned (to avoid the beam loading effect)
Using the Cold Tuning System
5) Once steady state is reached, beam is resumed at t
1
<
t
0
+ 3sec
Failed RF cavity system to be repaired on-line if
possible
Failed cavity Failed cavity
position position
Failed cavity Failed cavity
position position
J-L. Biarrotte,Proc.TCADS2,2013
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
MYRRHA Linear Accelerator: R&D fields
19
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
R&D program: roadmap
20
today today today
LEBT@UCL
Phase 1
end 2014 end 2014
LEBT@UCL
Phase 1
end 2014
RFQ@UCL
Phase 2
RFQ@UCL
Phase 2
end 2016 end 2016
end 2018 end 2018
INJ@UCL
RT-CH phase
INJ@UCL
RT-CH phase
INJ@UCL
RT-CH phase
INJ@UCL
SC-CH phase
INJ@UCL
SC-CH phase
INJ@UCL
SC-CH phase
Cryomodule prototypes Cryomodule prototypes Cryomodule prototypes
engineering
construction
test
SC-CH spoke
Prod
elliptic
Prod
end 2020 end 2020
Prod
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
R&D line the MYRRHA Accelerator eXperiment
21
FP7 - MAX
3 years- coordinated by IPNO
Goal coherent concept of the MYRRHA
accelerator
Technical Work Packages (WPs) 1. Global design coherence
2. Injector design
3. Main linac design
4. System optimisation
Main topics:
Simulations (beam and reliability)
Injector consolidated design
Design of spoke cryomodule
Tests with elliptical cryomodule
Perspectives for 704 MHz SS RF amplifier
Principal partners:
IN2P3 - IPN Orsay
IAP Frankfurt
INFN Milano
CEA
SCKCEN
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
MYRRHA Accelerator eXperiment
22
Start-to-end reference simulation (TraceWin)
Designofthe230mSCLINAC
incl.faulttolerancecapabilitiesandfault
recoveryschemes
Referencesourcetotargetbeam
simulation
Benchmarkingactivities(TraceWin,Track)
MonteCarloerrorstudies
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
MYRRHA Accelerator eXperiment
23
SC SPOKE Cavity
Cryostat
Power Coupler
R&D on SC
Spokes cavities
and cryomodule
investigation
Demonstration
of 700 MHz
cavity CW RF
fault tolerant
operation with
LLRF control
MAX 700 MHz elliptical module
test stand
F.Bouly,M.ElYakoubi,etal.,Proc.SRF2013
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
MYRRHA Accelerator eXperiment
24
1.5 MeV 3.6 MeV 17.0 MeV
D.Mderetal.,
Proc.SRF2013
M.Bushetal.,
Proc.SRF2013
From 352.2 MHz to 176.1 MHz
Optimization of the injector design ongoing
a lower input energy of the copper CH-DTL
reduced power densities in the copper structures
a lower input energy of the RFQ, thus a reduced electrostatic potential on the ion
source
the possibility to consider a 4-rod RFQ instead of a 4-vane version, yielding relaxed
tolerances, easier adjustments and significant savings
MAX SC CH prototype MAX RT CH prototype
Construction of
176 MHZ RT and
SC CH cavities
prototypes
achieved (ready
for tests)
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
MYRRHA Accelerator eXperiment
25
ORNL SNS accelerator
reliability model and
benchmarking with
operational data
R&D on Solid State
700MHz RF amplifiers
Cryogenic system
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
R&D line Injector@UCL
26
INJECTOR@UCL
Up to 2014 and beyond - led by SCKCEN
Goals Test platform: experimentally address the
injector design though prototyping
tool for relevant reliability minded experience
Main topics:
Beam characterization
CW operation of the 4-rod RFQ
SS RF amplifier @ 176.1 MHz
160kW
Diagnostics for high current
beams
3-tier Control System
Long reliability runs
Principal partners:
MAX Collaboration (especially WP1 and WP2)
research institutes: IPNO, LPSC, IAP, UCL/CRC,
soon CERN
industries: Pantechnik, Cosylab
1.5 MeV 3.6 MeV 17.0 MeV
4-rod RFQ
QWR CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4
Rebuncher CH6/7 CH8/9 CH10/11
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
R&D@UCL/CRC : general layout
27
General layout of the experimental test stand in UCL/Centre
de Ressources du Cyclotron (CRC) at Louvain-la-Neuve,
Belgium:
RFQ@UCL
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
The ECR proton source
28
Pantechnik Monogan 1000
ECR Ion souce 30keV, 20mA
voltage 30 kV (40 kV capable)
beam current 20 mA DC
RF 2.45 GHz, 1200 W
transverse emittance @ 5 mA 0.1 mmmrad RMS norm.
magnetic system Permanent Magnets
autonomous control system NI CompactRIO
provisions for reliability/repairability
beam diagnostics devices incl.: Faraday Cup, Allison scanner
Electron Cyclotron Resonance, 2.45 GHz
multi-electrodes extraction system
flat magnetic profile configuration by
PMs
tapered axial RF injection
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
The Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) line
29
LPSC Grenoble 30 keV
magnetic LEBT
Faraday cup
Allison scanners
and beam profiler
2-axis
collimation slits
Beam chopper
back-up port
Solenoids +
H/V steerers
Gas injection
ports
R.Salemme,Proc.TCADS2013
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
The 4-rod 176 MHz CW RFQ
30
M.Vossbergetal.,Proc.LINAC2012
MYRRHA RFQ parameters & emittance evolution
M.Zhangetal.,Proc.LINAC2012
MAX RFQ 1 meter prototype
4-rod structure at 176.1 MHz
R&D at IAP Frankfurt on thermal effects
Construction of RFQ 1-m prototype achieved
(ready for high-power RF test)
Next SCKCEN step: procure the full RFQ
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
The electrostatic beam chopper
31
5kV electrostatic beam
chopper
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
R&D line Cryomodules
32
Cryomodules
After 2014 - coordinated by SCKCEN
executed by principal architects
Goals Cryomodules prototyping for SC CH,
spoke, elliptical cavities
engineering design
construction
tests
feedback to design
Main topics:
Architectures and design
choices
Data for reliability models
Prototypes before industrial
series production
Principal potential partners:
IPNO
Jlab
CERN
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
Working for making this true
33
Thank you for your kind attention!
BR2 reactor
(existing)
MYRRHA
reactor
building
MYRRHA LINAC
high energy tunnel
ECR source &
Injector Building
Utilities
buildings
http://myrrha.sckcen.be
Copyright 2013
SCKCEN
Accelerators for Future spallation sources: ESS, MYRRHA and the ISIS upgrade
Cockcroft Institute, UK December 12
th
2013
34
Copyright 2013 - SCKCEN
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SCKCEN
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