GLO.^SARY.

122?)
grained stuff, well matdied, and selected -witli the greatest care. The second Lest is that
in which only small but sound knots are permitted, Lut it is to be free from sapwood
and shakes. The most inferior kind is that left from the selection of the other fwo.
Boarding Joist. In naked floorii gs the joist to which the boards are to be fixed.
Boarding for Lead Flats and Uutters. That which immediatjly receives the leid,
rarely less than one inch and an eighth, or one inch and a quarter thick. It is usunlly
laid merely with rough joints.
Boarding for Pugging or Deafening, also called Sound Boarding. Short boards dis-
posed transversely between the joists of floors to hold some substance intended to prevent
sound being transmitted from one story to another. Tliese boards are supported by
fillets fixed to tlie sides of the joists, about three-quarters of an inch thick and an inch
wide. The substance, often phister, placed between them to prevent the transmission
of the sound, is called the puggimj.
Boarding for Slating. That nailed to the rafters, in place of laths, fortlin reception of
the slates, usually
f
to
|
of an inch in thickness
;
the sides comir.only rough; the edges
either rough, shot, ploughed and tougued, or rebated and sometimes sprung, so as
to prevent tiie rain from passing through the joints. The boarding for slating may be
so arranged as to diminish the lateral pressure or thrust against the walls by disposing
the boards diagonally on the rafters. On the lower edge of the boarding is fixed tho
eaiitS hoard, as also against all walls either at right angles to or forming an acute angle
with the ridge, or a riglit or obtuse angle with the wall plate. The eaves board is lor
raising the lower ends of the lower row of slates that form the eaves. Those placed
against walls are for raising the slates to make the water run off from the wall. The
boarding for slates should be of yellow deal without sap.
Boarding for lining Walls. The boards used for this purpose are usually from five-
eighths to three-quarters of an inch thick, and are ploughed and longued together.
Boaster. A tool used by masons to make the surface of the work nearly smooth. It is
two inches Avide in the cutting part.
Boasting in Masonry. The act of paring the stone with a broad chisel and mallet, but
not in uniform lines.
In Carving, it is the rough cutting round the ornaments, to reduce them to their
contours and profiles, before the incisions are made fcr forming the raffels or minuter
parts. Seo Ashlar
Body of a Niche. That part of it whose superficies is vertical. If the lower part be
cylindrical and the upper part spherical, the lower part is the body of the niche, and
the upper part is termed the head.
Body of a Room. That which forms the main part of the apartment, independent of
any recesses on the ends or sides.
Body Range of a Groin. The wider of two vaults which intersect and form a groin.
BoLECTioN Moulding. See Balection Moulding.
Bolster or Pillow. The baluster part of the Ionic capital on the return side. See
Baluster.
Bolt. (Gr. BoAis, a dart.) In joinery, a metal fastening for a door, and moved by tiio
hand, catching iu a staple or notch which receives it. Bolts are of various sorts, of which
plate spring a,nd
flush
bolts are for fastening doors and windows.
This name is also given to large cylindrical iron or other metal pins, having a round
head at one end and a slit at the other. Through the slit a vin or forelock is parsed,
whereby tho bar of a door, window shutter, or tlie like is made fast. Tliese are usually
called round or window bolts.
The bolt of a lock is the iron part that enters into a staple or jamb when the key is
turned to fasten the door. Of these the two sorts are, one which shtits of itself when
the door is shut to, called a spring bolt
;
the other, which is only acted upon by appilying
the key, is called the dormant bolt.
In carpentry, a bolt is usually a square or cylindrical piece of iron, with a knob at
one end and a screw at the other, passing through holes for its reception in two or more
pieces of timber, for the purpose of fastening them tog( ther, by means of a nut screwed
on the end opposite to the knob. The bolt of carpentry should be proportioned to tho
size and stress of the timbers it connects.
BoLTKL. See Boultine.
Bond. (Sax.) Generally the method of connecting two or more bodies. Ui-ed iu the
plural number, it signifies the timbers disposed in the walls of a house, such as bimd tim-
h rs, lintels, and tvall 2}!(ftes. The term chain bond is someiimes applied to the bond
timbers formerly placed in one or more tiers in the walls of each story of a building,
and serving not only to tie the walls together during their settlement, but afterwards
for nailing the finishings thereto. These bond timbers are now not allowed to bo used
in buildings iu the metropolis.
In masonry or brickwork, is that disposition of stones or bricks which prevents