Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto

HOLLOW STRUCTURAL SECTION CONNECTIONS
HOLLOW STRUCTURAL SECTION CONNECTIONS
DESIGN GUIDE
DESIGN GUIDE
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Jeffrey A. Packer Jeffrey A. Packer
North American Steel Construction Conference
Phoenix, Arizona
April 2009
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
AISC Design Guide on HSS 2008
Design Guide for
Hollow Structural
Section Connections,
by J .A. Packer,
D.R. Sherman and
M. Lecce
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
AISC Design Guide on HSS Format Example
In accord with the
AISC 360-05 Steel
Building Specification
For statically loaded
connections only
Presented in LRFD
and ASD formats, using
a connection nominal
strengthapproach
22 design examples
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
AISC Design Guide on HSS Contents
1. Introduction
2. Welding
3. Mechanical Fasteners
4. Moment Connections
5. Tension and Compression
Connections
6. Branch Loads on HSS
Connections An Introduction
7. Line Loads and Concentrated
Forces on HSS
8. HSS-to-HSS Truss Connections
9. HSS-to-HSS Moment Connections
Notation
References
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 1. Introduction
HSS steel grades
Shapes and designations,
tolerances
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Cleveland, Ohio
Connection design standards
Advantages of HSS
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Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 1. Introduction
Birds Nest, Beijing, China
Federation Square,
Melbourne, Australia
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 1. Introduction
Steel Grades
65 (450) 51 (350) 350W CAN/CSA-G40.20/G40.21
(Class C or Class H)
70 (482) 50 (345) B ASTM A501 (Hot-formed)
60 (415) 35 (241) B ASTM A53 Pipe
62 (427) 50 (345) C ASTM A500 RHS
58 (400) 46 (317) B ASTM A500 RHS
62 (427) 46 (317) C ASTM A500 CHS
58 (400) 42 (289) B ASTM A500 CHS
Minimum Ultimate
Stress
F
u
ksi (MPa)
Minimum
Yield Stress
F
y
ksi (MPa)
Grade Specification
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
One Size Fits All Approach to Manufacturing HSS

At present it is sensible to specify just the highest grade
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 2. Welding
Weld types:
Fillet welds, skewed fillet welds
Flare-bevel- and Flare-V-
groove welds
Effective fillet weld size
(tabulated equations)
Weld inspection as applied to HSS
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 3. Mechanical Fasteners
HSS Limit States
Bolt bearing
Block shear
HSS Limit States
Chord wall plastification
Pull out through HSS wall
HSS connections with mechanical fasteners in shear or in tension
Fasteners in shear Fasteners in tension
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 4. Moment Connections
W-beam to HSS-column moment connections
Beam over column
Directly welded
HSS Limit States
Wall local yielding
Wall local crippling
HSS Limit States
Shear yielding
Sidewall failure
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 4. Moment Connections
Through plate
W-beam to HSS-column moment connections
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 5. Tension and Compression Connections
End connections commonly used for HSS bracing members
End Tee connections
Limit States:
Weld shear
HSS local yielding, wall crippling
T-flange shear yielding, shear
rupture
Bolting bearing, bolt shear
Stem yielding, rupture, block
shear, buckling
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 5. Tension and Compression Connections
Limit States:
Weld shear and base metal
shear
Bolt bearing, bolt shear
Gusset plate yielding,
rupture, block shear
HSS local yielding, shear lag*
End connections commonly used for HSS bracing members
Slotted HSS/gusset bolted connection
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 5. Tension and Compression Connections
Limit States:
Weld shear and base metal
shear
Bolt bearing, bolt shear
Gusset plate yielding,
rupture, block shear
HSS local yielding, shear lag*
End connections commonly used for HSS bracing members
Slotted HSS/gusset bolted connection
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 5. Tension and Compression Connections
Reduced shear lag effects
End connections commonly used for HSS bracing members
Side gusset plate bolted connection for rectangular HSS
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 5. Tension and Compression Connections
End connections commonly used for HSS bracing members
Bolted flange plate connections
Limit States:
Yielding of end plate
Strength of welded joint
Tensile strength of bolts,
including prying
Flange-Plate
Bolt
Weld
Hollow
Section
Rogers Centre, Toronto, Canada
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 5. Tension and Compression Connections
End connections commonly used for HSS bracing members
Bolted flange plate connections
Example
Bolts along two sides of
HSS
Connection behavior is
representative of 2-
dimensional prying
models
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Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 6. Branch Loads on HSS Members - An Introduction
Description of classic failure modes for HSS welded connections
Principle limit states considered in Chapters 7 (Plate-to-HSS),
and Chapters 8 and 9 (HSS-to-HSS)
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 6. Branch Loads on HSS Members - An Introduction
Limit State: Column or Chord Wall Plastification
Prevalent in HSS connections
due to flexible nature of
connecting HSS face
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 6. Branch Loads on HSS Members - An Introduction
Limit State: Chord Shear Yielding (Punching Shear)
May govern for connections
with medium to high branch-
to-chord width ratios
Failure can occur under a
tension or compression
branch provided it is
physically capable of shearing
through the chord wall
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 6. Branch Loads on HSS Members - An Introduction
Limit State: Local Yielding (due to uneven load distribution)
Applies to transverse plates or
transverse walls of a
rectangular HSS, under both
tension and compression
loading
Common failure mode for
overlapped K-connections
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 6. Branch Loads on HSS Members - An Introduction
Limit State: Chord Sidewall Failure (Yielding or Buckling)
Failure of the chord member
side wall
May occur in rectangular HSS
matched box connections
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 6. Branch Loads on HSS Members - An Introduction
Design tips to optimize welded HSS connection design
Select relatively stocky chord
Select relatively thin branch
Consider virtues of gapped K-connections
Easier and cheaper to fabricate
Gapped
Overlapped
Higher static and fatigue
strength, generally
Produces stiffer truss (reduces
truss deflections)
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 7. Line Loads and Concentrated Forces on HSS
Follows Chapter K Section K1
of AISC (2005) Specification
Local line loads on the face of
HSS (longitudinal or
transverse)
Shear tab and cap plate
connections
Tabulated design criteria
plate-to-round HSS
plate-to-rectangular HSS
Cable-stayed roof connections,
Ratner-Center, Chicago
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 7. Line Loads and Concentrated Forces on HSS
Branch plate connections to HSS
(a)
Longitudinal
branch plate
(b)
Through
branch plate
(c)
Stiffened
branch plate
(d)
Transverse
branch plate
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 7. Line Loads and Concentrated Forces on HSS
Some possible failure modes for Plate-to-HSS connections
Chord punching
shear
Chord face
plastification
Chord side wall
yielding
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 7. Line Loads and Concentrated Forces on HSS
Cap Plates
Limit state of local yielding
considering shear lag,
Limit state of HSS sidewall local
crippling
Shear Tabs
Relatively thin shear tabs & non-
slender HSS are required
Limit state of plate yielding and
HSS punching shear
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Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 8. HSS-to-HSS Truss Connections
Follows Chapter K Section K2
of AISC (2005) Specification
Planar truss type connections
between HSS (or box
sections)
T-,Y-,Cross-, K- (or N-)
gapped or overlapped
connections
Tabulated design criteria
round-to-round HSS
rectangular-to-
rectangular HSS
Hotel Atrium, Toronto, Canada
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 8. HSS-to-HSS Truss Connections
Typical Failure Modes
Chord wall plastification
Shear yielding (punching)
Yielding of tension branch
or compression branch
Shear of chord side walls
Chord side wall failure
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 8. HSS-to-HSS Truss Connections
Connection
Classification
K- Y-, Cross(X)-
connections
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Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K)
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K)
Reference to AISC
Manual Tables
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K)
Reference to
Spec. Section
and Guide
Tables
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K)
Table 8.2A Limits of
Applicability of Table
8.2 (for Rectangular
HSS-to-HSS Truss
Connections)
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K)
Checks for
limits of
applicability
as applied to
a Gapped K-
connection
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K)
Checks for
limits of
applicability
as applied to
a Gapped K-
connection
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K)
Allowable Stress
Design
Load and Resistance
Factor Design
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K)
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K)
Table 8.2. Nominal
Strengths of Rectangular
HSS-to-HSS Truss
Connections
Limit state: chord wall plastification
Gapped K-
Connections
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K)
Functions
Table 8.2. Nominal
Strengths of Rectangular
HSS-to-HSS Truss
Connections (continued)
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K)
Reference to
Equations in the
Specification and
Guide Tables
Equations used to
check the limit state
of chord wall
plastification
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K)
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K)
Table 8.2. Nominal
Strengths of Rectangular
HSS-to-HSS Truss
Connections
Limit state: shear yielding (does not
apply since branches are square)
Gapped K-
Connections
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K)
Limit state: local yielding of branch
due to uneven load distribution
(does not apply since branches are
square)
Limit state: shear of chord side
walls (does not apply since chord
is square)
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K)
Checks for limits of
applicability as
applied to a Cross-
connection
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K)
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K)
Cross-
connection
Limit state: chord wall plastification
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K)
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K)
All other limit states where
1.0 0.85 do not apply
since = 0.667
Limit state of shear of chord side
walls does not apply (no shear
plane evident)
Cross-
connection
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K)
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K)
Reference to other relevant
documents provided
throughout the Guide
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 9. HSS-to-HSS Moment Connections
Follows Chapter K Section K3
of AISC (2005) Specification
Planar truss type connections
between HSS (or box
sections)
T-,Y-,Cross-connections
Partially or fully restrained
moment connections (eg.
Vierendeel truss)
Tabulated design criteria
round-to-round HSS
rectangular-to-
rectangular HSS
Scotia Bank Plaza, Toronto, Canada
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 9. HSS-to-HSS Moment Connections
Typical Failure Modes
Chord wall plastification
Shear yielding (punching)
Yielding of tension branch
or compression branch
Shear of chord side walls
Chord side wall failure
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Chapter 9. HSS-to-HSS Moment Connections
In-Plane
bending
Out-of-Plane
bending
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
AISC Design Guide on HSS published in 2009
2008 Olympic Games Birds Nest
Stadium, Beijing, China
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Thank you