CHAPTER 8 TOOLS Cumulative Probabilities for standard normal distribution tables are on page 858 and 859

8.1
Standard Error of the Mean
n (sample size) 325
(standard dev.) 6164

= / n 341.9172
Table Assisted Z Score
Confidence Level % 0.95
(the white space) 0.05 0.516
/2 0.025 0.8315
z
/2
= Table Value of /2 1.96 1.3475
1169.158
1157.758
Margin of Error -182.558
ME

= z
/2
*

670.15771
Confidence Interval for the Mean ( known) Increasing sample size decreases the confidence interval
CONFIDENCE(alpha,standard dev, size) 670.1454
(Sample Mean) 47684 There is not guaruntee that every confidence interval will include the population mean
UCL

= + ME

48354.158
LCL

= - ME

47013.842
8.2
Approximate Standard Error of the Mean
n (sample size) 20
s (sample standard dev) 0.0586109

= s/SQRT(n) 0.0131058
Confidence Interval for the Mean ( unknown)
TINV(alpha,degrees of freedom) -2.53948 = significance level of the confidence interval
0.01
n 20
degrees of freedom 19
(Sample Mean) 2.6307
t
/2
(see table 5 in appendix) 2.977
UCL

= + t
/2
*

2.669716
LCL

= - t
/2
*

2.591684
8.3
Approximate Standard Error of the Proportion Margin of Error
x (number of observations of interest in the sample)
157 ME
p
= z
/2
*
p
0.038268
n (sample size) 750
p (sample proportion) 0.2093333

p
= SQRT((p*(1-p))/n) 0.0148554
Confidence Interval for the Mean ( unknown)
0.01
n 750
/2 0.005
x (number of observations of interest in the sample) 157
z
/2
= Table Value of /2 2.576
UCL
p
= p + z
/2
*
p
0.2476009
LCL
p
= p - z
/2
*
p
0.1710657
8.4
Sample Size Needed to Estimate a Population Mean
0.01
/2 0.005
z
/2
= Table Value of /2 2.575
(standard dev.) 73
ME

40
n= ( (z
/2
)
2
*
2
) / (ME

)
2
22.084125
8.5
Sample Size Needed to Estimate a Population Proportion
0.01
/2 0.005
z
/2
= Table Value of /2 1.75
x (number of observations of interest in the sample) 1
n
p
(pilot sample size) 2
p (sample proportion) 0.5
ME
p
0.08
n= ( (z
/2
)
2
* (p*(1-p)) ) / (ME
p
)
2
119.62891
8.6
Confidence Interval for the Mean of a Finite Population ( known)

z
/2
= Table Value of /2

N
n
UCL

0
LCL

0
Confidence Interval for the Mean of a Finite Population ( unknown)

t
/2
= Table Value of /2

N
n
UCL

0
LCL

0
Confidence Interval for a Proportion of a Finite Population
p
z
/2
= Table Value of /2

p
N
n
UCL

0
LCL

0
Cumulative Probabilities for standard normal distribution tables are on page 858 and 859
Increasing sample size decreases the confidence interval
There is not guaruntee that every confidence interval will include the population mean
= significance level of the confidence interval degrees of freedom = n-1 n = sample size
0.001397