FIGURE 3-1 Effect on the current of changing the voltage with the resistance at a constant value.

Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Copyright 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
I = V/R
V = RI
R = V/I
Ohms Law
FIGURE 3-2 Effect on the current of changing the resistance with the voltage at a constant value.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Copyright 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
I = V/R
V = RI
R = V/I
Ohms Law
FIGURE 3-4 Graph of current versus voltage for the circuit in part (a).
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Copyright 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Linear Relationships
FIGURE 3-5 A graphic aid for the Ohms law formulas.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Copyright 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-6
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Copyright 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
I = 5A
I = 100V/20 Ohms
FIGURE 3-7
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Copyright 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
I = 50mA
I = 50V/1.0k Ohms
FIGURE 3-8
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Copyright 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
I = 5.32uA
I = 25V/4.7M Ohms
FIGURE 3-9
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Copyright 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Vs = 500V
V
s
= (100 Ohms)(5A)
FIGURE 3-12
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Copyright 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
R = 4 Ohms
R = 12V/3A
Ampere Hour Battery Ratings
How long the battery is rated to last
1 Ampere Hour (Ah) = Can Deliver:
1 Amp for 1 Hour
500Ma for 2 Hours
Generally tested at a Certain Current
Car Battery 70 Ah @ 3.5A
D Battery 4.5 Ah @ 100mA
9V Battery 400Ah @ 8uA
Power in Electric Circuits
P = VI
P = I
2
R
P = V
2
/R
1 Watt of Power is 1 Joule of Energy/Second
Rate of Work Being Done
Heat being Produced
A High Power Circuit has
High Voltage
High Current
Both High Voltage and Current
FIGURE 3-14 Power dissipation in an electric circuit is seen as heat given off by the
resistance. The power dissipation is equal to the power produced by the voltage source.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Copyright 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-15 The ground symbols in these diagrams were introduced in Section 2-6.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Copyright 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
(a) P = (10V)(2A) = 20W
(b) P = (2A)
2
(47Ohms) = 188W
(c) P = (5V)
2
/(1Ohms) = 2.5W
Unknown Source Voltage Unknown Current Unknown Resistance
Kilowatt Hour
Kilowatt Hour = How Power Company computes your Bill
Watts over Hours:
Refrigerator: 500W for 18 Hours = 9Kwh
Air Conditioner: 3.8KW for 10 Hours = 38KWh
FIGURE 3-27
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Copyright 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-16 The power rating of a resistor is directly related to its surface area and its
material.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Copyright 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-17 Relative sizes of metal-film resistors with standard power ratings of
1
/
8
W,
1
/
4
W,
1
/
2
W, and 1W.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Copyright 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-18 Typical resistors with high power ratings.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Copyright 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 3-23 Block diagram of power supply and load.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Copyright 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Efficiency = P
out
/P
in
P
out
= P
in
P
Loss
Power Efficiency
Often stated as a Percentage
Troubleshooting Open Resistor
Full Source Voltage Across Resistor
Low Total Current
Troubleshooting Shorted Resistor
Full Source Voltage Across Resistor
High Total Current
NOTE:
In a Real Circuit, the
source voltage would
be pulled down quite
a bit (Lower).
You might see this in
a Multisim Circuit
though