FIRST AID for the Basic Sciences: General Principles

Official Updates, Corrections, and Clarifications

Updated November 2009
Despite our best efforts, errors do occur during the revision. If you see a verifiable error not on this list,
please report it to our blog at www.firstaidteam.com. If you are the first to report the error, you will
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The Basic Sciences Team
Chapter age ! Correction"Clarification
Anatomy and
istology
p.!! The last sentence under "#eutrophils$ should read, "The neutrophils contain
several en%ymes, most notably N#$% o&idase, which produces &'
(

radicals and directs the o)idative burst, and the '(elopero&idase s(stem
)'O*, which uses hydrogen pero)ide and chloride to generate
hypochlorous acid *&+l,, a potent bactericidal o)idant.$
Anatomy and
istology
p. !- In the second paragraph of the ".ayers of the Abdominal /all,$ reference
should be made to 0igure !(1, not 0igure !(-.
Anatomy and
istology
p. '2 In 0igure '('-, the ligament that is currently labeled "medial umbilical
ligament$ should be labeled "median umbilical ligament.$
Anatomy and
istology
p. 1! In the 0igure !('3, the reference to "The electron micrograph *lower right,$
and its description should be deleted as there is no electron micrograph in
the figure.
Behavioral Science p. 42 In the third sentence of the second paragraph, "*remember, sensitivity rules
people in,$ should be deleted.
Biochemistry p. 56 7nder the last 8ey 0act, "Substitution$ should be replaced with
"Transition$ and the 8ey 0act should read, "Transition9 :utations that
substitute a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine, or a purine with another
purine.$
Biochemistry p. 55 In 0igure 1(', in the last to the right adenosine molecule, the double bond
to the #' group should be replaced with a single bond.
Biochemistry p. 5- The second bullet below ";urine Salvage ;athway$ should read "+ataly%ed
by hypo)anthine(guanine phosphoribosyltransferase *<;=T,, which is
inhibited by I:; and <:;.$
Biochemistry p. -3 In the first row of Table 1(-, "r=#A$ should read "r=#A *'-S, !-S, and
4.-S,.$
Biochemistry p. -3 In Table 1(-, the third row under "=#A Type :ade$ should read "t=#A,
r=#A 4S.$
Biochemistry p. 3! The 0lash 0orward should read "Buy AT 12, +>.. AT 42. +ertain
antibiotics target the bacterial ribosome and disrupt translation.
Aminoglycosides and Tetracycline inhibit the 12s subunit.
+hloramphenicol, >rythromycin, +.indamycin, and .incomycin inhibit the
42s ribosome subunit.$
Biochemistry p. 3' In the last sentence under ";rotein synthesis,$ ";rotein synthesis three
steps?$ should read, ";rotein synthesis occurs in three steps?.$
Biochemistry p. 36 In 0igure 1(!3, the ":at$ that appears four times ne)t to ";eptide$ should
read ":et.$
Biochemistry p. 36 In ;art > of 0igure 1(!3, ";re$ should read ";ro.$
Biochemistry p. 35 In the second +linical +orrelation, "chromosomes 3 and !'$ should read
"chromosomes 3 and ''.$
Biochemistry p. !21 The first sentence under "+ell +ycle +hec@points$ should read "/hen
entering cell division or mitosis, the cell cycle enters?.$
Biochemistry p. !2A In the third paragraph, "+dh!$ should be replaced with "+D8!.$
!
Biochemistry p. !!' In the first eBuation below the "8inetics$ heading, the top arrow should
point left to right and the bottom arrow should point right to left.
Biochemistry p. !!1 In Table 1(!1, in the first row of the "Indicates$ column, "igh @!$ should
be replaced with "igh @!$. In the second row of the "Indicates column$
".ow @!$ should be replaced with ".ow @!.$
Biochemistry p. !!A The last sentence of the clinical correlation should read, "Inhibition of
methanol binding?by promoting the conversion of ethanol to nonto)ic
acetaldehyde.$
Biochemistry p. !'! In 0igure 1(11, the "<D;$ that appears on the bottom left(hand side of ;art
+ should be replaced with a "<T;.$
Biochemistry p. !'' In 0igure 1(1A, under =eceptor interacting with <B protein class, "C1$
should be replaced with "C!.$
Biochemistry p. !'- The margin element should read "8ey 0act$ and not "+linical +orrelation.$
Biochemistry p. !'3 In the first sentence, a period should be inserted between "fibers$ and
">lastin.$
Biochemistry p. !1' In the second to last sentence of the last paragraph, the sentence should
read "<6;D deficiency is e)acerbated by consumption of fava beans?.$
Biochemistry p. !1A In 0igure 1(A', "<lucose(6 ;hosphate Dehydrogenase$ should be moved so
that it appears ne)t to the arrow between "<lucose(6p$ and "6(
;hosphogluconolactone.$
Biochemistry p. !15 In 0igure 1(A4, The <lucose(6 ;hosphate Dehydrogenase should be moved
from the first step to the second step.
Biochemistry p. !A! The fourth bullet point under the "=egulation$ heading should read
"<lucose(6(phosphate converts glucose(6(phosphate D glucose.$
Biochemistry p. !A' In the mnemonic, delete the repeated "0umarate.$
Biochemistry p. !AA In 0igure 1(4', in the carbo)ylic acid group, the bond between + and &
should be a double bond. In the amino acids section an "$ should be added
to the & connected to the + with a single bond *bottom right "&$ in each
figure,. The figure should also be resi%edE the right edge is currently cut off.
Biochemistry p. !44 In 0igure 1(64, ne)t to "Secondary .ysosome,$ replace "Tag$ with "Tgb.$
Biochemistry p. !46 In the last bulleted list, "See 0igure 1(63$ should read "See 0igure 1(6-.$
Biochemistry p. !6' In the first paragraph, "see 0igure 1(54$ should read "see 0igure 1(5A.$
Biochemistry p. !61 In the first paragraph under ":aple Syrup 7rine Disease$ the last sentence
should read, "This leads to an increase in alpha(@eto acids in the blood,
especially leucine.$
Biochemistry p. !6- The 8ey 0act regarding methotre)ate should appear at the top of page !63.
Biochemistry p. !6- In 0igure 1(56, an arrow should be placed indicating the conversion of
d7:; to dT:;.
Biochemistry p. !52 In the last paragraph, the sentence that reads "F(+arotene...is found in
green vegetables$ should be replaced with "F(+arotene...is present in high
Buantities in fruits and vegetables.$
Biochemistry p. !5' In the second paragraph, the sentence that reads "=ic@ets results from not
receiving enough calcium and phosphate going to the sites where bone
minerali%ation is ta@ing place$ should be deleted.
Biochemistry p. !5' Third bullet under "Gitamin D( +holecalciferol$ for "H(lin@ed ric@ets,$
"!,'4(&D$ should be replaced by "!,'4 *&,' D1.$
Biochemistry p. !51 In 0igure 1(53, "'4(& *&, Gitamin D$ between liver and @idney should
read, "'4(& Gitamin D.$
Biochemistry p. !5A In the third sentence under "Gitamin 8 ;hylloBuinone,$ the second
repetition of "in the$ should be deleted.
Biochemistry p. !55 In 0igure 1(-4, the te)t "increased by lasting$ should read "increased by
fasting.$
Biochemistry p. !55 The legend for 0igure 1(-4 should read ";athways in red indicate targets
that are stimulated by insulin and increased by feeding. ;athways in blue
indicate targets that are inhibited by insulin and are increased by fasting
and in diabetes.$
'
Biochemistry p. '2! In Table 1('3, in the second bullet point under the description for "unterIs
syndrome,$ ".i@e unterJs, but milder...$ should read ".i@e urlerJs, but
milder?.$
Biochemistry p. '!! In Table 1(1', under "emoglobin >)pressed$ for "ydrops fetalis,$
"b*KA,$ should be replaced with "b*FA,.$
Biochemistry p. ''3 In 0igure 1(!'A, the figure description, "=obertsonian translocation resulting
in DownJs syndrome$ should read, "Balanced =obertsonian translocation.$
>mbryology p. '15 In 0igure A(1, the "'L$ should be moved to the right following the arrow, and
it should read, "'L Spermatocyte,$ thus describing the transition from !L
Spermatocyte to 'L Spermatocyte.
>mbryology p. '46 In 0igure A('A, "Tongue development$ in the third panel on the right should
read, "Taste via GII$ instead of "Taste via GIII.$
:icrobiology p. '66 The first sentence of the last bullet point on the page should read
"Anaerobic respiration9 AT; is also formed through substrate level
phosphorylationE however, other high energy molecules such as S&A
'
and
#&1

are used as the terminal electron acceptors rather than &'.$

:icrobiology p. '5! In 0igure 4(A, under F(hemolytic microorganisms, the pin@ bo)es should
read, "Streptococcus pyogenes$ and "Streptococcus agalactiae$
respectively.
:icrobiology p. '-! In the second bullet under "+haracteristics$ for "Streptococcus pyogenes,$
the sentence should read, ".i@e all streptococci, it is catalase(negative and
sensitive to the antibiotic bacitracin.$
:icrobiology p. '-A Below the heading "GI=IDA#S ST=>;T&+&++I,$ the fourth bullet that
reads "S. bovis, which is associated with malignancies of the <I tract$
should be deleted.
:icrobiology p. 12! In the second sentence of the first paragraph, "gram(negative c%occi$
should read "gram(negative cocci.$
:icrobiology p. 1!2 The last sentence in the first paragraph under "+haracteristics$ of
"Shigella species$ should read, "?when cultured, does not ferment lactose
and is not able to produce 'S.$
:icrobiology p. 1!! Second sentence under "+haracteristics$ should read, "Salmonella spp. is a
motile, gram negative rod that does not produce 'S gas and does not
ferment lactose.$
:icrobiology p. 1'5 In Table 4('2, the second row of the ";athogen$ column should read
"Borrelia burgdorferi *.yme,.$
:icrobiology p. 111 In 0igure 4(12, ";neumocystis carinni$ should be replaced with
";neumocystis Miroveci.$
:icrobiology p. 111 In 0igure 4(12, in the diagram for "Histoplasma capsulatum,$ the image of
a cat should be replaced with one of a bat, and the te)t "BirdsNcats$ should
read, "BirdsNbats.$
:icrobiology p. 16' 7nder "D#A viruses, O19 Icosahedral capsid,$ the bulleted sentence should
read, ";o)viruses, which have a comple) capsid.$
:icrobiology p. 163 In the last sentence under "Slow Infections,$ the reference to "+reut%feldt(
Pa@ob disease and @uru$ should be replaced with9 "...P+ virus, B8 virus and
others.$
p. 13! In the third sentence under "+linical Symptoms$ for "epatitis +$, "?
*>IA, detects the antibodies to AG....$ should read, "? *>IA, detects the
antibodies to +G?.$
:icrobiology p. A25 In the last sentence under "Treatment$ for "=otavirus$, "intusseption in
children$ should read, "Intussusception in children.$
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