Anda di halaman 1dari 12

(1) Self-Excited Induction Generator

(a) No load characteristic for varying capacitances and constant prime mover
speed.

Speed = 2500rpm
Residual voltage =2.93 V

Capacitance (f) Voltage (V) Mag.Current (A) Frequency (Hz)
71.2 275.1 2.9 40
69.7 269.9 2.8 40
67.7 264.1 2.7 40
65.7 258.8 2.55 40
60.7 245.6 2.3 40
50.7 172.4 1.35 40

(b) No load characteristics for varying prime mover speed and constant
capacitance.
Capacitance=60.7 f
Voltage (V) Speed (rpm) Current (A) Frequency (Hz)
232 2460 2.1 40
219.6 2425 2.0 39
205.3 2390 1.85 39
183.3 2340 1.6 38
163.5 2300 1.4 37
143.7 2270 1.2 36


(c) Performance of loaded generator with constant speed.

Speed = 2500rpm
Capacitance = 71.2 f

Voltage
(V)
Gen.Current
(A)
Load current
(A)
Frequency
(Hz)
Torque
(Nm)
270 3.1 0 40 1.8
272.2 2.9 0.55 40 1.9
265.6 3.3 0.95 40 2.7
258 3.6 1.3 40 3
251 3.7 1.75 40 3.3

(d) Performance of the loaded generator without speed regulation.

Speed
(rpm)
Voltage
(V)
Gen.Current
(A)
Load
current (A)
Frequency
(Hz)
Torque
(Nm)
2483 265.4 3.1 0 40 2.3
2472 258 3.2 0.5 40 2.7
2459 248 3.3 0.9 39 2.9
2450 239 3.5 1.25 39 3.2
(2) Grid Connected Induction Generator.

Current
(A)
Voltage
(V)
Power
(W)
Speed
(rpm)
Frequency
(Hz)
Torque
(Nm)
0 3.591 0 3000 0 1.2
1.6 218.6 0 3000 49 1.3
1.6 218.6 0 3010 49 1.4
1.6 217.9 80 3020 49 1.6
1.65 218.3 140 3030 49 1.9
1.70 218.5 200 3045 49 2.2








CALCULATIONS
(1) Self-Excited Induction Generator
(a) No load characteristic for varying capacitances and constant prime mover
speed plot.







Capacitance required obtaining,
The rated voltage of 240V at the given speed (from the graph)
The rated voltage of 240V at the rated frequency of 50 Hz
VC
Ic

0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1 1.5 2 2.5 3
(
V
)
l
i
n
e

v
o
l
t
a
g
e

magnetizing current(A)
Line Voltage Vs Magnetizing Current

0
50
100
150
200
250
300
45 50 55 60 65 70 75
L
i
n
e

V
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
V
)


Capacitance (f)
Line Voltage Vs Capacitance
Here under the no load conditions;
I I m c

When V =240V, f = 50 Hz from the graph we can obtain I
m
= 2. 2A
Also = 2f = 2*50 = 314.159 rads
-1
C=2.2/(240*314.159)=29.2 F

(b) No load characteristics for varying prime mover speed and constant
capacitance plot.






0
50
100
150
200
250
2250 2300 2350 2400 2450 2500
V
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
V
)


Speed (rpm)

Voltage vs Speed








35.5
36
36.5
37
37.5
38
38.5
39
39.5
40
40.5
2250 2300 2350 2400 2450 2500
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y

(
H
z
)


Speed (rpm)

Frequency vs Speed

0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
2250 2300 2350 2400 2450 2500
M
a
g
n
e
t
i
z
i
n
g

C
u
r
r
e
n
t

(
A
)


Speed (rpm)

Magnetizing Current vs Speed

(c) Performance of loaded generator with constant speed plot.





0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
V
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
V
)

Load current (A)
Voltage vs Load current
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y

(
H
z
)

Load Current (A)
Frequency vs Load Current
Loded (d)
No Load (c)



(d) Performance of the loaded generator without speed regulation plot.



0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
o
r

C
u
r
r
e
n
t

(
A
)

Load current (A)
Generator Current vs Load current
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
V
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
V
)

Load Current (A)
Voltage vs Load Current


(2) Grid Connected Induction Generator.
(I) Power output vs. Speed






0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
2445 2450 2455 2460 2465 2470 2475 2480 2485 2490
T
o
r
q
u
e

(
N
m
)


Speed(rpm)
Torque vs Speed
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
2990 3000 3010 3020 3030 3040 3050
P
o
w
e
r

(
W
)


Speed (rpm)
Power Vs Speed
(II) Line Current vs. Speed


Sample Calculations













Sample 4


0.13248




0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
2995 3000 3005 3010 3015 3020 3025 3030 3035 3040 3045 3050
L
i
n
e

C
u
r
e
n
t

(
A
)


Speed (rpm)

Line Current Vs Speed

Speed
(rpm)
Efficiency Power Factor
3000
0 0
3000
0 0
3010
0 0
3020
0.1581 0.13248
3030
0.23222 0.22440
3045
0.2851 0.3109



DISCUSION:
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
2995 3000 3005 3010 3015 3020 3025 3030 3035 3040 3045 3050
E
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y

Speed (rpm
Efficiency Vs Speed
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
2995 3000 3005 3010 3015 3020 3025 3030 3035 3040 3045 3050
P
o
w
e
r

F
a
c
t
o
r

Speed (rpm
Power Factor Vs Speed
While we doing the no-load test we could see there is no active power output. So the slip of
the generator should have a zero or a positive value. To achieve that condition its suitable to decrease the
frequency below 50 Hz. By that we can have a positive slip.
When we consider about the induction motor we can see the slip of that motor is a positive
value which is lies between 0 & unity. But from the induction generator point of view, slip of the generator is
a negative value. Slip negative means rotor speed is greater than synchronous speed, and this implies
generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. Induction generator is able to fluorescent and
incandescent lights, televisions, stereo sets, electric drills, small power saws etc.
Use of Induction generator in Sri Lanka
Induction generators are much more suitable for mini and micro hydro power stations. But these are
not suit for high power applications. These are also low in price compared with other generators. So these
generators are very economical. And also outputs of these generators have a very smooth voltage. And these
are compact in size.
Advantages of induction generators
Suitable for mini & micro power plants.
Grid connected Induction generators are suitable for wind power plants
Compact in size
Reliable in service
Free from routine maintenance
Simple in construction
Light in weight
Robust in operation
Cheaper in cost
Disadvantages of induction generators
Voltage varies wildly with changes in load, especially reactive load.
Induction generator cannot produce reactive power, it consumes reactive power.
Induction generators cannot be overloaded.
If there is no residual flux in the induction generators rotor, then its voltage will not build
up, and it must be flashed by momentarily running it as a motor.
About the Graphs plotted
1) Line Voltage Vs Magnetizing Current
According to this graph we can see the line voltage is increasing while increasing the magnetizing
current in very small proportion.


2) Line Voltage Vs Capacitance
The line voltage is increasing while increasing the capacitance of the capacitance bank. But it is not
linear way.
3) Voltage Vs speed
According to this graph we can see the voltage is increasing while increasing the speed of the
generator linearly.
4) Frequency vs. Speed
The frequency is increasing very smaller manner while increasing the speed of the generator.
5) Magnetizing Current vs. Speed
The magnetizing current is increasing in significant way while increasing the speed of the
generator
6) Voltage vs. Load current
There is a small slop negative slop in the voltage while increasing the load current.
7) Frequency vs. Load Current
When the no load situation the frequency of the voltage is remain constant and the frequency
of the voltage of the loaded condition is decreasing while increasing the load current.
8) Generator Current vs. Load current
According to the graph the generator current is remains the same while increasing the load
current.
9) Voltage vs. Load Current
There is a significant negative slop in the voltage while increasing the load current.
10) Torque vs. Speed
According to the graph there is a significant negative slop in the torque while increasing the
speed of the generator.
11) Power Output vs. Speed
According to this graph we can see the power output is increasing while increasing the speed. And
also its close to a linear relationship with speed of the generator.
12) Line Current vs. Speed
Line current also increases while increasing the speed. This graph is also a linear
one. So line current has a linear relationship with speed.
13) Efficiency vs. Speed
While the speed is increasing the efficiency of this graph is increasing gradually.
14) Power Factor vs. Speed
According to this graph the power factor is increasing with speed. Additionally it has a close linearity
relationship with speed.

Anda mungkin juga menyukai