100%(1)100% menganggap dokumen ini bermanfaat (1 suara)
781 tayangan74 halaman
This document summarizes an ethnopharmacological study of the Ata-Manobo people in Talaingod, Davao Province, Philippines. The study documented 94 medicinal plants and animal products used by the Ata-Manobo people to treat various diseases and conditions. Specimens of 34 plants were collected with the help of guides. Logging has devastated the natural environment and many previously used plants are now rare or gone. There is a need for conservation efforts and to provide health education to the Ata-Manobo people about common health problems like malaria and dysentery.
This document summarizes an ethnopharmacological study of the Ata-Manobo people in Talaingod, Davao Province, Philippines. The study documented 94 medicinal plants and animal products used by the Ata-Manobo people to treat various diseases and conditions. Specimens of 34 plants were collected with the help of guides. Logging has devastated the natural environment and many previously used plants are now rare or gone. There is a need for conservation efforts and to provide health education to the Ata-Manobo people about common health problems like malaria and dysentery.
This document summarizes an ethnopharmacological study of the Ata-Manobo people in Talaingod, Davao Province, Philippines. The study documented 94 medicinal plants and animal products used by the Ata-Manobo people to treat various diseases and conditions. Specimens of 34 plants were collected with the help of guides. Logging has devastated the natural environment and many previously used plants are now rare or gone. There is a need for conservation efforts and to provide health education to the Ata-Manobo people about common health problems like malaria and dysentery.
Ethnomedical documentation of and community health education for selected
Philippine ethnolinguistics groups: the Ata-Manobo people of Talaingod, Davao
Province, Philippines A collaborative project of Philippine nstitute of Traditional and Alternative !ealth "are, Department of !ealth, #ta "ru$, Manila
%niversity of the Philippines Manila, Ermita, Manila %niversity of the Philippines Mindanao, &ago 'shiro, Davao "ity ()))
ACKNOWLEDGMENT *e +ould li,e to e-tend our heartfelt gratitude to the follo+ing people +hom in their o+n little +ay help in the completion of this study:
.oremost to all, to the great men and +omen of Talaingod - the Ata-Manobo people - +ho unselfishly shared their ,no+ledge and e-pertise regarding the use of medicinal plants/
To the employees and staff of the A0#'1 company for the encouragement and free transportation service/ and To the Planning and Development 'ffice staff of the %niversity of the Philippines Mindanao2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY An ethnopharmacological study of the Ata-Manobo people in the municipality of Talaingod in Davao Province +as conducted in ;une <::: to May ()))2 The study included the documentation of materia medica, ,no+ledge, beliefs and practices on indigenous healing, and photodocumentation and collection of plant specimens2 A total of 94 plants and ( animal products +ere documented2 The study covered 3 sitios in Talaingod2 nformation +as obtained from traditional healers, elders and mothers2 Documentation of herbal plants included the local name, parts used, indication, preparation and direction for use2 Precautions and storage +ere also noted, if available2 There +ere documented plants used for malaria, to induce abortion, for menstrual irregularity, to enhance mil, production, among other diseases and conditions2 *ith the help of three guides, specimens for 34 plants and forest trees +ere collected in the area2 Most of the uncollected plants had long been gone and rare to find as attested by the elder guide2 "ommon lo+land plants +ere not considered in the collection2 0ogging companies had been the culprit in the devastation of the natural beauty of Talaingod2 *hat is left in the mountain is a barren land full of cogon grass +ith no trees at all2 There is a need to preserve +hat is left in the forest, +hich provides the Ata-Manobo tribe their basic needs and sanctuary for a long time2 "ommon health problems and diseases include malaria, dysentery, intestinal parasitism, and respiratory infections2 A basic health education drive is a must to uplift their a+areness in ta,ing care of their health2 KEY WORDS Ata-Manobo Ethnopharmacology Ethnolinguistic Materia medica Philippines Talaingod Baylan Busaw
INTRODUCTION n the Philippines, there are more than <() distinct ethnolinguistic groups2 Ata- Manobo is one of them2 Each ethnic group has its o+n rich tradition and practices uni=ue from each other including those that refer to indigenous healing and the use of natural products to treat diseases2 The use of medicinal plants has been their best source of protection from various diseases for hundreds of years2 The degradation of natural environment, coupled +ith the influ- of commercial medicines may result in the loss of the healing traditions of the Ata-Manobo people2 There is a need to document the beneficial healing traditions of the Ata-Manobo, not just to preserve it but also to ma,e use of it as potential medicine2 As +e all ,no+ most active ingredients in ma,ing medicines come from plants and other natural e-tracts2 This research study hopes to pave the +ay to discovering ne+ and effective medicinal substances2 The research study aimed to document ethnopharmacological e-pertise of the Ata- Manobo people in the municipality of Talaingod, Davao Province2 0i,e+ise, the project provided basic culture-appropriate health education for the Ata-Manobo people, after the research +as completed2
OBJECTIVES This research study aimed: To document the materia medica used by Ata-Manobos, including both plant and animal products/ To document non-material healing practices/ To conduct health education campaign for the Ata-Manobos/ and To conduct advocacy +or, for the preservation and conservation of rich biodiversity2
METHODOLOGY The researcher personally did all the necessary preparations by +or,ing harmoniously +ith the local government of Talaingod2 Essential papers and documents from the mayor>s office +ere secured2 t +as the municipal administrator +ho recommended #itio Misulong as the first study site for several reasons: its accessibility to transportation, its reputation to be a non-violent sitio and absence of armed groups2 !onorable Ale-ander #ibogan, a municipal councilor and his family heartily +elcomed the field +or,er to their home2 nitially, the field +or,er merely observed the +ays of the sitio fol,s, having conversation +ith the leaders and engaging in nightly drin,s (toma)2 After several months, other sites +ere visited, namely, #itio Melyong, #itio "abadiangan and #itio ?aila+an2 These areas +ere part of the ntegrated .orest Management Area @.MAA of the A0#'1 "ompany2 *ith the help of the community organi$ers of the logging firm, the researcher had no problem convincing the people on the intent of the project2 The major informants +ere selected based on their reputation of active practice of traditional healing arts in the community2 t +as also observed that the traditional healers or baylan ,ne+ only one or t+o of the herbal plants they commonly used2 Most baylans used the blood of chic,en or pig to cure common ailments along +ith some incantation and indigenous rituals2 Elders, mothers and family health providers +ere also considered as informants2 #ubstantial information +as gathered through informal intervie+s and conversation using pre-tested =uestionnaires2 nformal gatherings in the store and drin,ing sessions +ere also venues for data gathering2 !ouse to house visit +as also an effective +ay of data gathering as the +hole family engaged in the discussion2 .ocus group discussion @.BDA of 9 to <( +as not a useful method for data gathering as observed in the area2 Most people +or,ed the +hole day in the field and returned in the afternoon feeling tired and ready to sleep2 The main data consisted of local name of the plant, medicinal purpose, plant parts used, method of preparation and the direction for use2 Precautions and storage +ere also noted2 Data validation +as conducted during a small gathering of 5 persons +ith reasonable ,no+ledge in this matter2 Every participant could differ in herChis vie+s2 #ome fol,s could insist that certain plants are effective for a particular disease +hile some fol,s could disagree2 To validate the information and samples a majority rule +as employed through voting2 A total of 34 plants +ere collected, e-cluding the common lo+land plants2 A healer served as the guide in the activity +ith t+o companions as interpreters2 A lot of the plants and forest trees previously used as medicines +ere no+here to be found in the area2
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION '6B1 A1D DEM'B6AP!D Principally the inhabitants of Talaingod belong to the negrito groups +hich include the Aetas of Eambales and the Atis of Panay2 They are the most +idely spread people in Asia2 n the island of Mindanao, the Ata people are concentrated in the hinterlands of Davao Province/ in the to+ns of ?apalong, Asuncion and Talaingod2 Bloria @<::4A estimates that there are roughly 8,4)8 families of Ata people concentrated in ?apalong alone, the highest concentration of +hich +as in Talaingod, then a barangay of ?apalong2 n the <::5 census of population, the Ata-Manobo cultural group comprised 5)2:5F of the total population of <(,957 of Talaingod2 According to Bloria @<::4A, the Ata-Manobo designation +as created to reflect this particular people>s cultural characteristics2 Talaingod is one of the sub-tribes of Ata-Manobo2 The other tribes are the 0angilan, ?aila+an, Ata-Matigsalug and Ata-Matiglubo2 According to the elders, they can understand each other and spea, a common mother tongue - the Ata dialect2 Talaingod +as rooted from t+o native +ords - tala meaning tribe and ingod meaning place, hence, Talaingod is a place for the Ata-Manobo people, a place for them to ta,e refuge and be counted as one2 Ata suggests a people +ho live in very high places or on top of the mountain2 t is seldom for this people to admit that they are true-blooded Ata for it has a derogatory attachment in it2 .eeble-minded lo+landers could easily brand this people as ignorant, of lo+ mentality and cannibals2 They are al+ays a laughing stoc, and ridiculed by others2 P!D#"A0 DE#"6PT'1 A1D "0'T!1B #ome tribefol,s have the same typical Aeta or negrito features +ith ,in,y hair and blac, s,in and are Mongoloid in si$e2 !o+ever, there are also some that have straight hair, fair s,in and even mestizo features2 This may be the result of the intermarriages bet+een other cultural groups particularly the Manobo people2 &ac, to its beginning, the Ata-Manobos +eaved their o+n clothes called dagmay made from abaca fiber2 Through the years +ith the introduction of *estern clothing, the dagmay are no+ a thing of the past2 6eligious missionaries, 1B's and the local government distribute *estern-style shirts and pants to them2 During the "hristmas season, the natives go to the to+n center to as, for "hristmas presents2 t can be observed that they +ear their clothes until torn2 Torn jeans and shirt hanging to their flesh serve as a protection from cold nights2 #eeing half-na,ed +omen meant no malice to the community and a possible se- assault at any rate is negligible2 t is during the proper age and after marriage that the tribefol,s discover and enjoy se-2 They consider se-ual abuse as a crime +ith a possible penalty of e-tradition and even death2 The use of slippers, shoes and other foot garments are not a common habit for
the Ata-Manobos2 Even over rugged terrain and intensely hot path+ays, the Ata- Manobos can tolerate the pain and scorching heat2 A sitio leader or the datu has a special +ardrobe created for him called the kombinasyon for the upper garments and patadyong for the lo+er garments2 &oth are made of conventional fabrics +ith cut cloth patterns and beads as design2 The patadyong is just ,nee-level, and has multi-colored patterns of small cuttings of cloths2 They +ear a headdress called tangkulo2 t has a design and pattern just li,e the kombinasyon and patadyong but it has horsehair around for aesthetic reasons2 &eads around the +rist and legs are a common sight for men and +omen ali,e2 They consider donning beads for beautification and as attraction to the opposite se-2 n +omen sungol, a chain of beads clinging to both ears for beautification, are still common among elders2 Men and +omen ali,e +ear tattoos termed as pangatab2 Tattooing has been practices over the years using ,nives as tattooing tools and tree resin as color2 This pangatab has a dual purpose/ first as an art and to loo, gorgeous to the opposite se-/ second it symboli$es their being Ata-Manobo2 According to them, an Ata-Manobo should have a pangatab on their flesh as an entry passage to heaven at the time of their death2 Tribefol,s +ithout a pangatab are not considered members of the tribe2 ntricately designed tribal tattoo is commonly +orn around the arms, +aist, bust and the legs2 *'60D GE* Tale of !ea"#o$ n the beginning there +as only a vast body of +ater covering the entire span of the earth2 Then the great Manama commanded the giant bird alimokon to gather soil and scatter it in the sea2 A giant earth+orm carved the soil into different landforms - mountain ranges, the islands, and the various continents2 .lora and fauna follo+ed to flourish2 This is the Ata-Manobo tale of ho+ the earth +as created2 #tories have been told that the first Ata +as created by Manama @Bod of the AtaA from the blade of a grass2 They mentioned the names Tulalang, Age+, &aybayan, Dini+ata, ?ala+ay and #anggayan as their original forefathers and the beginning of their race2 These people +ere the chosen ones +hom the Breat 'ne saved during the time of the great flood hundred of years ago, just li,e the story of 1oah2 After the great flood a ne+ generation of Ata flourished and lived in the ne+ +orld, the +orld they live in today2 They have their o+n deities, +hich they +orship in different occasions and times of need2 During the beginning of the planting season, they give a present to ?alayag, the god of harvest, to have a productive harvest2 Alimog,at is the god of +ater, +ho provides them +ith potable drin,ing +ater and irrigation +ater in the farm2 !e is also responsible for floods and heavy rains2 Every hunting season, a hunter has to please the god of animals Timbalong to earn a price catch of various animals2 #trong +inds and storms are attributed to ?alamag, the god of +ind2
Af"e!l#fe n the course of my =ueries regarding their beliefs of afterlife, they believe that once a person dies the soul could go either to heaven or to hell depending on one>s earthly behavior2 !eaven for them is a place +herein all necessary needs is just +ithin reach of the palm, a place for the dead family members to reunite eternally, everyone is treated e=ually and is a place of eternal happiness2 'n the other hand, hell for them is a place of misery, pain and suffering, a place +here bad persons +ill eventually go after leaving this +orld2 E"'1'M"# There is not much livelihood and money-generating +or, in this side of place2 Abaca @hempA gathering (hag-ot) is the basic source of income in the communities of ?aila+an, Melyong and "abadiangan2 This is the easiest +ay of ma,ing a living for them2 They do not need to tend the abaca to gro+ because it abundantly thrives in the fertile forest soil2 People in #itio Misulong are engaged in small enterprises and tend small sarisari stores2 They are also the ones +ho mar,et the abaca fiber in the neighboring communities2 To augment the meager income from abaca fiber they resort to planting corn and vegetables +hich normally produces less than the e-pected output due to infestation by rats and insects in the field2 They still roam the forest and hunt for food using primitive tools li,e the bo+ and arro+2 .or a day>s effort, seldom do they bring a catch of +ild pig (baboy halas) or other animals that +ere abundantly present in the area many years bac,2 Bone are the days of bountiful fruits and animals +aiting to be served bet+een meals as they recall in the past years2 0i,e+ise, fresh +ater products li,e fishes and shells are no+ limited in the rivers and la,es2
The presence of the logging firm A0#'1 created a venue for employment and additional income for the natives2 t is the strategy of the company to hire natives as laborers and guides2 They +or, to plant tree seedlings, clean the area, and cut +eeds2 The company also provides livestoc, and seeds for planting2 #till, earnings are not enough to feed a family2 The Ata-Manobos have limited or negligible handicraft products for trade2 They ,no+ ho+ to +eave bas,et (liyang) used for domestic purposes/ for gathering +oods and harvesting2 A liyang costs 5)2)) to 7)2)) pesos each2 They are not good at ma,ing sculptures and other tribal art +or,s either2 P'0T"A0 Each of the sitios in Talaingod has its o+n designated leader called datu. According to the datus, they serve as mediator and problem solver in their respective bul+ar,s2 0ess serious problems li,e stealing and bra+l to more serious offenses li,e murder, bigamy and concubinage are the most common problems being handled by the datus. The penalty depends on the degree of the offense2 n resolving problems, the datu
and his circle of counselors conduct a meeting +ith the parties concerned2 The datu tries to settle the conflict in a most diplomatic +ay giving both sides a chance to give its o+n story2 !aving heard both sides, the datu +ith the help of his councilors give the decision +hich is final and irrevocable2 A +oman cannot become a datu/ the designation of becoming a datu is a role given to men only2 According to the datus, +omen have no guts and are +ea, in resolving problems especially complicated ones2 They have the tendency to be overruled by their emotions in ma,ing decisions2 n the past, the title of datu +as passed from father to son2 1o+ a person can be a datu through a formal election procedure2 The +hole constituents can elect their o+n datu, a leader +ho can spea, in behalf of the majority and resolve problems diligently2 1#%6BE1"D nsurgency has been a +ell-entrenched problem in Talaingod2 The mayor of Talaingod Datu ;ose &alimba 0ibayao has publicly declared a total +ar against anti- government forces in his area2 The place is +itness to countless encounters bet+een government troops and rebel armies2 There +as a time +hen communities +ere evacuated due to armed clashes2 Affected families built their temporary houses near the municipal hall2 1atives can be easily convinced to join anti-government movement +here it involves guns and ammunition2 At a very tender age, the natives are convinced to join the rebel groups since they li,e to hold a pistol or a grenade2 The incident involving the ambush of the A0#'1# employees is said to be done by rebel symphati$ers2 %p to this date the tension still holds and recently, a bulldo$er +as burned2 #'"A0 "'1.0"T# Pangayao, a +ord easily associated +ith Talaingod, is described in literature as atribal +ar/ a total +ar against each other/ against anybody, +ithout mercy to anyone2 According to the natives, they did not ,no+ +hen and ho+ it started, yet its nature is similar to pangayam or the act of hunting2 During the hunting era, they loo,ed for animals to hunt using bo+ and arro+2 ;ust li,e in pangayao, a person hunts and ,ills another person using bolo and bo+ and arro+2 t is a misconception to many that +henever pangayao occurs, the person could ,ill anyone and respects nobody2 According to them, pangayao happens +hen there is an unsettled problem bet+een t+o parties2 More serious offenses li,e murder and rape could lead to a pangayao if not properly resolved2 As an act to avenge the death of a family member, the +hole clan hunts for the suspected assailants2 1o+ they use guns and ammunition in ,eeping +ith the times2 These misdeeds are outside forces that contribute to the economic struggle of Talaingod2
SOCIO%CULTURAL MA66ABE 6E0AT'1#!P n this land bound by traditions and ancient customs, it is difficult for the people to change their +ays2 0i,e in a contemporary society, it is a familiar set-up to observe the male as the head of the family2 There is a +ide gap bet+een the responsibilities and duties of a male and a female2 .emales do all the household chores - coo,ing, +ashing of clothes, cleaning the house and ta,ing care of the children2 n addition, they do the harvesting, gathering of fire+ood, +eeding of crops and +or,ing outside the community to earn money2 As the head of the family, it is the responsibility of the male to see to it that the family has food to eat, a shelter to d+ell in and to supervise the e-penses of the family2 They do the hunting for food, build shelter and +or, to earn money2 There are some instances +here the females do all the house chores and still act as bread+inner2 This holds true +hen the male has given a big do+ry to the female during the +edding2 This is the +ay of paying bac, +hat the male has given2 *EDD1B Tribal marriage is called lapao. 1o courtship occurs bet+een the men and +omen2 Marriages are arranged2 t is up to both set of parents to discuss the marriage preparations and the do+ry or bugay. 1either the man nor the +oman ,no+s about the arrangements2 &oth concerned parties have no po+er or right to bac, out or even persuade their parents to call off the +edding2 As both sets of parents agree to match their children in matrimony, a do+ry is defined to meet the terms of the +edding2 A common do+ry as,ed by the bride>s parents is a pair of horses2 !orses are considered a symbol of status in the community2 Money and valuable things can also serve as do+ry2 *hen all the conditions for the marriage are met by both sets of parents, the date is set for the +edding, usually during full moon2 t is their belief that during this time their Bod gives the couple a bountiful and happy married life2 DG'6"E A tribesman can have additional +ives but only +ith the consent of the first +ife2 !aving an additional +ife is termed as duway. A tribesman +ith multiple spouses is given has high regard in the community because of his ability to attract +omen and to handle additional responsibility2 *ith the consent of the first +ife, a tribesman can no+ propose to the parents of the supposed to-be second +ife2 The parents as, a set of do+ry or bugay. As this do+ry is met, the marriage ta,es place2 n case of non- approval by the first +ife, the husband cannot marry another +oman but it is very uncommon to overrule the decision of the husband2 The burden on this practice is the additional responsibility of the male to feed more people2 Despite the hardship and poverty ta,ing a toll among the natives, many can manage to have multiple +ives2
*hen the +ife becomes a +ido+, she can remarry in her free +ill2 t is allo+ed in their culture for a +ido+ to remarry, balo-balo in the local dialect2 n balo-balo just li,e in common marriage, the +ido+ and her parents-in la+ set the do+ry2 *ith this, the concerned tribesman +ho +ants to marry the +ido+ +ill have to give t+o sets of do+ries, ie, to the +ido+ and to her parents-in la+2 The do+ry given to the parents-in la+ serves as a return payment of the do+ry given by their dead son2 This ma,es the act of marrying a +ido+ costly2 Det many men prefer to marry a balo or +ido+ for they believe and consider a balo a good and tested +ife2 !aving e-perienced marriage life, a balo can ta,e care of her husband and children +ell2 n addition, a balo does the odd +or,s @eg, gathering fire+ood, building houses, gathering abacaA as e-change for the do+ry given by the husband2 #ome young fol,s jo,ingly prefer a balo to a young teen-aged girl as a +ife, for a balo has had e-perience in se- and ,no+s ho+ to handle se- life2 ED%"AT'1 0ac, of education is one of the serious problems being encountered by the lumads in Talaingod2 Majority of the population 3) years of age and over have no formal education2 During the first visit in the area, the barangay captain Datu 0inasod #ibogan, 7)H years old, had to see, the assistance of his son "ouncilor Ale- #ibogan to read the mayor>s permit2 Any formal letter sent to them could be used as trash2 #ome small-scale businessmen and investors ta,e advantage of their illiteracy2 n <::4, a primary school +as established in #itio Misulong, one of the <) schools built in Talaingod2 The creation of this learning center helps children to read, count and +rite2 The teachers are all non-natives, and have to go up the mountain to teach and stay in the place for 5 days each +ee,2 #tudents coming from nearby sitios have to +al, a fe+ ,ilometers to attend the classes everyday2 'ften the students feel the need to =uit school and just help their parents in ma,ing a living2 The nearest high school is in #to 1iIo, the lone secondary school in Talaingod2 Poor families find it difficult to send their children to high school since this entails additional e-penses2 *ith their meager earnings, it is not enough to sustain the education of their children2 PHYSICAL ASPECT The to+n of Talaingod is appro-imately 45 ,ilometers from Tagum "ity and <((25 ,ilometers from Davao "ity2 t is accessible by motorcycle, jeepney and bus2 ;eepneys regularly ply the route @Talaingod to Tagum "ityA2 The fare ranges from P()2)) - P(52)) depending on the baggage and cargo of the passenger2 There are three barangays - #to 1iIo, Palma Bil and Dagohoy2 &arangay #to 1iIo is the center of trade of the municipality2 t is here +here the natives sell their crafts to the lo+landers2 The of ;&0 is named after the mayor, Datu ;ose &alimba 0ibayao2 The municipal hall is situated in the mountaintop of Talaingod2 'ne has to ta,e a habal-habal @motorcycleA to get there2
A fe+ ,ilometers a+ay from the to+n proper of ;&0 is the first site of the study - %pper and 0o+er Misulong2 At first glance, one can notice a different ambiance and setting compared to other sitios. t has a set of sarisari stores that sell instant food and other home products2 At night instead of candles and gas lamps, some families use electric bulbs2 This is made possible by a po+er generator, +hich runs from 7:)) pm to ::)) pm2 n addition, television has become a favorite past time for children and +omen2 .or men there is the very popular video,e +ith a bottle of beer or li=uor on the side2 #itio Misulong is a special sitio +aiting for a plebiscite to confer to it the status of a full-fledged barangay. t has a primary school +ith three female teachers, all non- Ata-Manobos2 There are appro-imately () - 3) pupils per class2 #ome pupils coming from neighboring sitios have to +al, a fe+ ,ilometers to attend classes2 #itio Misulong has its o+n +ater reservoir +hich +as built +ith the help of various agencies li,e the ?apalong "ooperative Development .oundation ncorporated @?"D.A, A0#'1, Davao Medical #chool .oundation @DM#.A, and the local government2 #itio "abadiangan is about <) ,ilometers from #itio Misulong2 t is accessible by any 4-+heeled motor vehicle and the road is +ell maintained by the logging firm2 The village settles atop a hill overloo,ing the to+ns of "armen, Panabo, #to Tomas and part of Davao "ity2 As the sun sets and the moon slo+ly inches into the creepy night one can observe the glittering lights coming from nearby to+ns2 t has no school building, no +ater reservoir, and no generator2 There are a fe+ sarisari stores +hich sell canned goods, but supply is irregular2 The +ater comes from a spring just a short +al, from the village2 1one of the houses has sanitary toilets/ they just deposit their +aste in the grasslands2 At the foot of Mt Masimalon, named after a bird called simalon is a place named ?aila+an2 t is a one-hour hi,e from #itio Melyong and cannot be negotiated by any vehicle2 t is a small village +ith ()-(5 families living at the comfort and bounty of nature2 t has no school/ no store and the people are content +ith +hat they have for the day2 t is the family of Eduardo Enggatan +ho offered his home and served as the foster family in #itio ?aila+an2 TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHY BE'B6AP!" 0'"AT'1 Talaingod is situated in the north+est part of Davao Province2 t is bordered on the +est by Davao "ity, on the south by the province of &u,idnon and on the northeast by the municipality of ?apalong2 t is appro-imately 45 ,ilometers from Tagum "ity and <((25 ,ilometers from Davao "ity @Provincial Planning 'ffice, Davao ProvinceA2
"0MATE A1D 6A1.A00 There are t+o climate types prevalent in the municipality, the second type and third type2 #econd type is characteri$ed by no dry season +ith only pronounced ma-imum rain period from 1ovember-;anuary2 The third type is characteri$ed by dry season, not very pronounced and relatively dry from 1ovember to April and +et during the rest of the year @Provincial Planning 'ffice, Davao ProvinceA2 T'P'B6AP!D The area is mountainous and rugged2 According to the Municipal Planning 'ffice, mountains steep hills comprise of 48F of the land area2 The rest are classified as level, gently sloping, rolling, or hilly2 MATERIAL CULTURE #ETT0EME1T PATTE61 Ata-Manobos +ere basically hunters +andering in the lush forest for food and settlement2 After having settled in one place consuming all possible food in the forest, they transferred to another place to loo, for food2 *ith the degradation of their land and the depletion of food source, they have no+ limited source of their sustenance2 *ith the limited forestland left to roam and for hunting they engaged in trade and s+idden farming2 1o+ they settle more or less permanently in one place2 Their typical houses are lean-tos to deter +ild animals from attac,ing2 They live in cogon- thatched houses made of tree branches and bamboo slat2 Abaca fibers and rattan stems serve as nails and hold the +alls together2 There is no division inside the house, they eat and sleep in one place2 Also the ,itchen is inside to provide them proper heat during cold season2 A pair of gallons for storing +ater, ,itchen utensils li,e spoons, cups, plates, and pots are al+ays present in every household2 n #itio Misulong lo+land type of houses may be seen2 The house of ?aga+ad Ale-ander #ibogan has the design and influence of the lo+land2 "oncrete +alls and iron roofs represent high status, po+er, and +ealth2 TDP"A0 .''D ;ust li,e in the lo+land, money still dictates the daily food consumption of every family2 #ome families have the lu-ury to eat rice, canned goods and other commercial products +hile majority of the families rely mainly on their farm crops2 t is a common scenario to see boiled camote, cassava and banana in the table during mealtime2 They consider these root crops as a staple food2 *ith the diminishing source of food, the natives are no+ engaged in planting and contour farming2 Gegetables li,e tomato, s=uash, and eggplants are planted in the farm, but this is not enough for domestic consumption2 Many children are malnourished2 The former
Ata-Manobo hunter roaming and +andering for food eventually shifted to agriculture just to survive2 CONCEPT OF HEALTH AND ILLNESS A healthy person for them has a fat body, is able to +or, and has no ailment2 'n the contrary sic,ly persons are thin, have no appetite to eat, al+ays feel tired +hen +or,ing and are prone to diseases2 As observed they sho+ less attention to common illnesses li,e cough, colds, +ounds and rashes2 Many children (-8 years of age develop rashes all over the body2 #eldom do they administer medicinal plants for these common illnesses2 The use of these medicinal plants according to them re=uires tedious preparation that they sometimes do not have time2 They mostly rely on commercial medicines readily given by the local government and A0#'12 According to the elders, bi$arre and complicated illnesses afflicting a person li,e a sudden abdominal pain, rolling of eyeball, vomiting of blood and instant feeling of hotness are some of the signs that the person is being cursed by evil spirits called busaw2 A busaw usually lives in a balite or other big trees2 The busaw dra+s an arro+ that passes through the body of the person causing severe pain2 At this instance, the help of a baylan is sought2 The baylan uses chic,en or pig blood as an offering to the offended spirits2 Along side are some prayers and rituals2 Today the influence of a baylan has gradually diminished because of the teaching of religious missionaries2 Missionaries try to inculcate in the minds of the people that paganistic practices of the baylan are against the teachings of "hristianity2 'ther causes of diseases include the unsanitary and untreated drin,ing +ater coming from natural springs2 This has caused severe diarrhea and stomachache observed to be common among children2 &oiling of +ater is not a common practice2 n addition, intestinal infestation is rampant in children2 This is mainly due to unsanitary habits li,e not +ashing the hands before eating and +al,ing barefoot2 Men and +omen ali,e smo,e tobacco +rapped in ne+spaper prints2 At the early age of <(, most boys start to smo,e, mimic,ing their smo,er parents and friends2 PRACTICES AND BELIEFS DURING PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH t is common to observe pregnant +omen doing heavy chores such as gathering of +ood, harvesting field crops and carrying heavy loads2 Many of them complain of severe bac, pains and headache2 'n some occasions, miscarriage is inevitable2 !o+ever, miscarriage is believed to be a result of blood suc,ing evil busaw +ho eats tender flesh2 During the time of delivery, the uyamo @local mid+ifeA assists in the childbirth2 n case none is available, anybody can assist during delivery especially the elderly +omen2 The pregnant +oman is laid do+n on a flat bed or floor2 The uyamo delicately and slo+ly does a massage on the +omb of the +oman2 This practice is to
correct the position or alignment of the fetus for a smooth delivery2 A basin of lu,e+arm +ater is used to bathe the baby2 To cut the umbilical cord, bamboo or a pair of scissors is used2 The placenta is buried in the ground belo+ the house2 They believe that by doing this, the ne+born child +ill not be a sto+-a+ay and such +ill prevent the evil spirit from eating the placenta +hich can cause death to the child2 The baby then ta,es his first bath using alburya believed to give the baby a healthy body2 The mother +ill have to rest for a +hile/ ho+ever, this is not compulsory2 #ome mothers confide that the vigor of +omen differs/ +hile it ta,es only a fe+ hours rest for some +omen others could rest for a day or t+o2 t is a practice for them to ma,e a concoction of plants to lessen post-delivery stress and continuous bleeding2 A drop or t+o of breast mil, applied on the baby>s stomach +ill lessen air accumulation inside the stomach, locally termed as butod. MAKING OF THE BAYLAN A baylan refers to the traditional medicine man of the tribe2 Aside from being a medicinel man, a baylan is also a spiritual healer, and a soothsayer and is given a high regard in the community2 To become a baylan needs no restrictions in age, se-, social status and educational attainment2 'ne important common factor associated in becoming a baylan is the spiritual guide they call an abyan. An abyan is an imaginary being +ho guides and protects the man +ho o+ns the abyan. To the natives an abyan possesses magical and +ondrous po+er2 At any moment and une-pected time, an abyan just appears to a certain person, +ho serves as his medium2 #ome baylans had encountered their abyan through a dream2 The person or medium undergoes a period of trance +herein heCshe e-periences hallucination for some moment, then the medium spea,s a voice not hisCher o+n but that of the abyans2 A person +ith an abyan has the ability to see spirits of dead people2 The baylans duty is to intercede for the sic,2 !eC#he performs rituals and says prayers to appease the offended spirits2 t is their belief that ailments and diseases are brought by bad spirits2 The baylan can also foresee future events2
TABLE OF PLANTS USED #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Abaca @Ata, "ebuanoA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information *ounds 0eaves Pound to e-tract juice2 Apply juice on affected area2 ( individual intervie+s To enhance mil, production Plantlets Pull out +hole plantlets2 #tab trun, to collect juice2 Drin, juice t+ice daily for ( +ee,s in a ro+ after giving birth2 < individual intervie+ Post partum relapse 6oots #crape roots into small pieces2 &oil in ( glasses of +ater2 Drin, decoction once daily2 < .BD of 3 rregular menstruation 6oots *ash roots thoroughly2 "he+ and s+allo+ the juice2 "ontinue ta,ing the juice until menstrual flo+ returns to normal2 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Alagase @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Gomiting +ith blood 6oots *ash roots thoroughly2 &oil roots in 3 glasses of +ater2 Drin, decoction once a day until vomiting stops2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Alburya @"ebuanoA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information To increase baby>s gro+th &ar, Pound bar,2 Place bar, in a pail of +ater2 %se mi-ture for bathing the baby2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Aliliga @AtaA
ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information *ounds 0eaves Pound to e-tract juice2 Apply juice on affected area2 < .BD of 3 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Alom @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information !eadache 7-8 leaves !eat leaves over lo+ heat2 Apply around the forehead2 < individual intervie+ #ore eyes &ar, "lean bar,2 #crape bar, into pulp2 #=uee$e to e-tract juice2 Drop juice t+ice daily2 < .BD of 3 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Anitap @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Post-partum relapse &ar, "ut bar, into pieces2 &oil the bar, in < cup of +ater2 Drin, decoction once daily2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Anonang @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information rregular menstruation &ar, *ash bar, thoroughly2 &oil in ample amount of +ater2 Drin, decoction once daily until menstrual flo+ is bac, to normal2 < .BD of 7 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Anotong @AtaA
ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Malaria 0eaves Place leaves over fire until it smo,ed2 Place self in front the smo,e if possible trap smo,e +ith the use of cloth2 During the collection proper ipdas #hoots Pound all plant parts and mi- them together in a pale of +ater2 %se these in ta,ing a bath2 3 individual intervie+s #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Balunigay @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Gomiting +ith blood 6oots Place roots over fire until it turns to po+der2 "ollect po+der2 Apply po+der around the nec, of the patient2 < .BD of 3 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Balao-balao @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information "ough &ar, &oil a handful of bar, in ( cups of +ater2 Drin, decoction three times a day2 < .BD of 5 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Banag @AtaA
ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Post-partum relapse #tem *ash roots and stem thoroughly2 &oil in ( cups of +ater2 Drin, decoction < to ( days after giving birth2 During the collection proper #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Balangati @AtaA
ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information #na,e bite 6oots *ash roots thoroughly2 "he+ the roots, but avoid s+allo+ing the juice2 Apply on bitten area2 3 individual intervie+s .racture #tem Bather dead plant stem2 "ut it into pieces2 !eat over fire until it turns to po+der2 Apply po+der on affected area2 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Bukawi @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information #tomach ache Gine "ut across the vine to obtain juice2 "ollect half to < tablespoon of the juice2 Drin, the juice2 ( individual intervie+s *hite spot in the eye #tem "ut a portion of the stem until e-tract appears2 "ollect e-tract in a bottle2 Ma,e 3 drops a day until sight returns to normal2 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Baselong @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information "ough .ruit #lice fruit into half2 "ollect juice inside the fruit2 Drin, juice once a day2 < .BD of 3 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Burakan @AtaA
ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information "ough Gine "ut a section of the vine appro-imately ( to 3 feet in length to obtain juice2 Drin, the juice2 < .BD of 3 %lcer Gine "ut a section of the vine appro-imately ( to 3 feet in length to obtain juice2 Drin, the juice2 < individual intervie+ Malaria Dead leaves Place leaves over fire2 Place self in front of the smo,e, if possible trap smo,e +ith the use of cloth2 < individual intervie+ Abortifacient Gine &oil a handful of the stem in 3 cups of +ater2 Drin, < to ( tablespoon of the medication2 < individual intervie+ !eat vine over fire until it turns to po+der2 Apply the po+der around the +omb2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Bukal @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information 'verstaying of fetus 0eaves !eat leaves over fire until it turns to po+der2 "ollect po+der2 Apply po+der on the +omb of the pregnant +oman2 3 individual intervie+s #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Barugo @AtaA
ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information To increase mil, production Gine "ut a section of the vine2 "ollect juice and place in clean bottle2 Put bottle over lo+ fire2 Drin, juice as desired2 3 individual intervie+s #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Bungolan @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information "ontraceptive 6oots *ash and clean the roots thoroughly2 "he+ roots once daily2 "ontinue use as desired2 ( individual intervie+s Post-partum relapse 6oots "lean roots thoroughly2 #crape roots into small pieces2 &oil them in ( glasses of +ater2 Drin, the decoction three times a day2 ( individual intervie+s #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Bundoy @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information #tomachache &ar, "ut bar, into pieces2 &oil the bar, in < cup of +ater2 Drin, decoction once daily2 < .BD of 3 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Bilya @AtaA
ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Diarrhea Gine "ut a portion of the vine to e-tract juice2 Drin, juice daily2 "ontinue medication until condition returns to normal2 < .BD of 3 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: !alamokot @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Diarrhea 6oots *ash roots thoroughly2 "he+ roots but avoid spilling the juice2 "ontinue medication until digestion returns to normal2 ( individual intervie+s #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: !urian
ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Gomiting +ith blood &ar, "ut bar, into pieces2 &oil bar, in < cup of +ater2 Drin, decoction once a day2 "ontinue using until vomiting disappears2 ( individual intervie+s #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: "so @AtaA, gabon @"ebuanoA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Malaria #tem Bather a handful of stem2 "ut stem into half2 Place it over lo+ fire2 #=uee$e the stem to e-tract juice2 Drin, juice after every meal2 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: #abi @"ebuanoA
ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information *ounds #tem Bet the outer covering of a stem 3-4 inches long2 %se as a bandage2 ( individual intervie+s #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: #atas-gatas @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Gomiting +ith blood Gine "ut across the vine2 "ollect juice in a clean bottle2 Drin, juice once a day2 ( individual intervie+s To increase lactation Gine "ut a piece of the bar,2 #crape the inner layer of the bar,2 &oil these for a period of time2 Drin, the medication as desired2 ( individual intervie+s #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: #ango @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information To stop bleeding during delivery &ar, or roots *ash roots thoroughly2 &oil in < glass of +ater2 Drin, medication once2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: $agimit @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information *ounds #tem Ma,e a small cut across the trun, to e-tract juice2 Apply juice on cuts and +ounds2 < individual intervie+ To increase number of children .ruits #lice (-3 fruits2 #=uee$e juice in < glass of +ater2 Drin, medication as desired2 These fruits serve as < .BD of 7
sumpa. #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: $agonoy @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information *ounds 0eaves Pound to e-tract juice2 Apply juice on affected area2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: $ul-ag @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information #ore eyes #tem "ut a piece of the stem2 #crape layer of the stem until an ample amount is collected2 Put scraped stem in a piece of cloth2 Drop once a day in both eyes2 < .BD of 7 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: $uwag @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information To increase erection #hoots *ash shoots then cut into pieces2 "he+ the roots and s+allo+ the juice2 ( individual intervie+s #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: %angilan, @AtaA, ilang-ilang @"ebuanoA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information .racture &ar, Mi- and boil in ( cups of +ater2 Apply decoction on affected area2 ( individual intervie+s #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: &ndalawe @AtaA
ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Toothache #hoots !eat shoots over lo+ fire2 Apply the shoots over the aching tooth2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: &ndalokong @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information #tomach ache &ar, &oil bar, in ample amount of +ater2 Drin, decoction ( times a day until pain subsides2 < individual intervie+ Gomiting +ith diarrhea &ar, &oil bar, in ample amount of +ater2 Drin, decoction as desired until vomiting subsides2 To stop bleeding during delivery 6oots *ash roots thoroughly2 &oil in < glass of +ater2 Drin, decoction once2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: 'aanan @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information #ore eyes #tem "ut a portion of the stem to obtain juice (dagta). Ma,e one drop daily until eye returns to normal2 ( individual intervie+s #na,e bite #tem "ut a section of the stem2 "ollect juice2 Drin, juice right after being bitten by a sna,e2 ( individual intervie+s #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: 'aringag @AtaA
ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information !eadache &ar, Pound bar, to e-tract juice2 *ith the use of cloth, +rap the shoots around the forehead2 < .BD of 7 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: 'apayawi @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information #tomach ache &ar, Pound a handful of the bar,2 n < cup of +ater, put the bar, for a period of time2 Drin, mi-ture three times a day2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: 'abao @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information .ever 0eaves &oil leaves in ( cups of +ater until half of initial volume is left2 Drin, decoction t+ice a day2 "ontinue using until fever disappears2 ( individual intervie+s #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: 'urid-kurid @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information &loated stomach 6oots *ash roots thoroughly2 Pound roots then boil in ample amount of +ater2 Drin, the medication t+ice daily2 < .BD of 7 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: 'alagpangi @AtaA
ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Abortifacient 0eaves !eat leaves over lo+ fire2 *rap leaves around the +omb2 < .BD of 7 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: 'alambog @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information "ough #hoots "ut shoots into half, careful not to spill the juice2 Drin, juice three times daily preferably after meals2 < .BD of 7 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: 'alamoging @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information #na,e bites Gine or leaves "he+ leaves2 Apply on bitten area2 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: 'oyas-koyas @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Malaria 0eavesCstem Place leaves over fire2 Place self in front of the smo,e2 May use cloth to trap smo,e2 < .BD of 7 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: %agitlit @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Malaria 0eaves Place leaves over fire2 Place self in front of the smo,e2 May use cloth to trap smo,e2 < individual intervie+
#cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: %aho @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Gomiting +ith blood 6oots *ash roots thoroughly2 &oil roots in 3 glasses of +ater2 Drin, the medication continuously until health is restored2 ( individual intervie+s #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: %amag @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information &ody pain #tem Place stem over fire until it turns to po+der2 "ollect po+der2 Apply it on aching area2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: %awot @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Abortifacient #tem and leaves Bather a handful of either stem or leaves2 &oil in ( glasses of +ater2 Apply decoction around the +omb2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: %ina-ubod @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA Preparation Direction for use #ource of
used and remar,s information Diarrhea 6oots Mi- a handful of both ingredients2 "ut them into pieces2 &oil in ( cups of +ater until half of initial volume is left2 Drin, decoction t+ice a day until illness subsides2 < individual intervie+ "entipede bite &ar, Pound bar, to e-tract juice2 Apply on bitten area2 ( individual intervie+ Malaria 0eaves &oil a handful of leaves of both plants in ample amount of +ater2 As the decoction simmers, place self in front of the steam2 f possible, trap steam +ith the use of cloth2 %se the remaining decoction for ta,ing a bath2 < .BD of 5 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: %umpogid @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information #na,e bite 6oots Pound roots and shoots to e-tract juice2 Mi-ed both ingredients in a glass of +ater2 Drin, half of the mi-ture +hile apply the other half on the bitten area2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: %upit @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information "olds &ar, *ash and clean thoroughly the bar,2 Pound to e-tract juice2 Drin, the juice once a day until symptom disappears2 < individual intervie+
#cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: %uway @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information To induce delivery .ruits Bather fruits2 !eat them over fire2 Po+der2 Apply po+der around the +omb2 < .BD of 4 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: (alagatas @AtaA, deta @"ebuanoA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Malaria &ar, "lean roots thoroughly2 &oil bar, in ( cups of +ater2 Drin, decoction once daily until the patient is +ell2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: (akabulotot @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information #na,e bites 6oots *ash roots thoroughly2 "he+ roots but avoid s+allo+ing the juice Apply on bitten area2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: (ala-buaya @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information )ayuma 0eaves !eat leaves over lo+ fire2 *rap leaves on affected area2 < .BD of 7 &oil #tem Place stem over fire until it turns to po+der2 Apply po+der around affected area2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: (amakao @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA Preparation Direction for use #ource of
used and remar,s information Abortifacient &ar, *ash bar, thoroughly2 #crape layer of the bar, until an ample amount is collected2 Put bar, in < glass of +ater for a period of time2 Ta,e medication t+ice a day2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: (ansalawaka @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information #na,e bite &ar, or 0eaves Pound bar, or leaves to e-tract juice2 Apply on bitten area2 < .BD of 3 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: (anuba @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Malaria 0eaves &oil a handful leaves plants in ample amount of +ater2 As the decoction simmers, place self in front of the steam2 f possible, trap steam +ith the use of cloth2 %se the remaining decoction for bathing2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: (araba @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA Preparation Direction for use #ource of
used and remar,s information !eadache #hoots Bather a handful of shoots2 Pound to e-tract juice2 *ith use of cloth, +rap the shoots around the forehead2 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: *arra @Ata, "ebuanoA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information *ounds &ar, "ut a section of the trun, to e-tract juice2 Apply juice on affected area2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Pamaton @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Post partum relapse Gine "ut a section of the vine to collect the juice2 Drin, the juice < day after giving birth2 < .BD of 7 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Pangibion @AtaA, makahiya @"ebuanoA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information "ontraceptive #tem *ash and clean the stem thoroughly2 "he+ stem once daily2 "ontinue use as desired2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Pako @Ata, "ebuanoA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Post partum relapse 6oots "ollect a handful of the roots2 &oil roots in one cup of +ater2 Drin, the decoction three times a day2 "ontinue use until +ell2 < individual intervie+
#cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Pakutob @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Diarrhea &ar, #crape bar, into pieces2 Place bar, in one glass of +ater until it turns red2 Drin, mi-ture once daily2 < .BD of 3 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Papaya @Ata, "ebuanoA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Abortifacient 6oots *ash roots thoroughly2 "he+ roots and s+allo+ the juice < .BD of 7 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Pinya ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Abortifacient 0eaves *ash leaves2 &oil in ample amount of +ater until half of initial volume is left2 Drin, decoction once a day2 < .BD of 7 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Pogid @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA %sed Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Muscle pain Gine Place vine over fire until it turns to po+der2 "ollect po+der2 Apply po+der on aching area2 < .BD of 3 #cientific name:
0ocal name@sA: Pogol @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information ipdas &ar, Pound plant materialand place in a pail of +ater2 %se in ta,ing a bath2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Payao @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information "entipede bites 0eaves Pound leaves to e-tract juice2 Apply on bitten area2 < .BD of 7 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: Pole @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information To enhance mil, production &ar, "ut a section of the bar,2 &oil in < glass of +ater2 Drin, medication during lactation2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: +alab @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Enhance e-cretion #tem Place stem over fire until it turns to po+der2 Place po+der in < glass of +ater2 Drin, mi-ture once until digestion returns to normal2 < .BD of 3 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: +alakati @AtaA, kamantigue @"ebuanoA ndication Plant part@sA Preparation Direction for use #ource of
used and remar,s information *ounds 0eaves Pound to e-tract juice2 Apply juice on affected area2 ( individual intervie+s #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: +alimantao @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information #tomachache &ar, "ut a handful of bar,2 !eat over fire until it turns to po+der2 Apply po+der around the stomach2 ( individual intervie+s #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: +alumbabayag @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information !ernia 0eaves Place a handful of leaves over lo+ fire2 Apply leaves around the testicle2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: +alimbangon @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information &ac, pain 0eaves Place leaves over lo+ fire2 Apply leaves on aching bac, overnight2 ( individual intervie+s #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: +apawon @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information "olds &ar, *ash and clean bar, thoroughly2 "he+ bar, and s+allo+ juice2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name:
0ocal name@sA: +apinit @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Post-partum relapse 6oots Mi- a handful of plant material2 &oil in ( cups of +ater2 Drin, decoction < day after giving birth once or t+ice daily2 ( individual intervie+s #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: abangaw @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information To enhance placental e-pulsion #tem "ut stem into pieces2 &oil in < glass of +ater2 Drin, medication during delivery2 < .BD of 4 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: agbak @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information To enhance child birth #hoots Bather shoots2 !eat it over fire to po+der2 "ollect po+der2 Apply po+der around the +omb2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: ipolo @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information To enhance erection 6oots *ash roots thoroughly2 "he+ roots to s+allo+ juice2 < .BD of 3 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: igbao @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA Preparation Direction for use #ource of
used and remar,s information To enhance erection 0eaves #elect leaves that touch the +ater2 "ollect leaves and heat over fire until they turn to po+der2 Apply po+der on the male se- organ2 < .BD of 5 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: uba-tuba @"ebuanoA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information !eadache 0eaves Bather a handful of leaves2 !eat over lo+ fire2 Apply around the forehead2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: ulo @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information "ough 0eaves Bather a handful of leaves2 !eat over lo+ fire2 Apply around the forehead2 < .BD of 7 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: ukop @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information To enhance lactation 6oots Bather a handful of the roots2 &oil in (-3 glasses of +ater2 Drin, the medication once daily2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: utong @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA Preparation Direction for use #ource of
used and remar,s information &urn #tem Place stem on fire until it turns to po+der2 Apply po+der around affected area2 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: ,li-uli @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information Toothache 6oots &oil roots in ( cups of +ater2 Drin, decoction as desired2 < individual intervie+ #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: ,layan @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information .racture &ar, Mi- and boil in ( cups of +ater2 Apply decoction on affected area2 < .BD of 4 #cientific name: 0ocal name@sA: ,way @AtaA ndication Plant part@sA used Preparation Direction for use and remar,s #ource of information To stop bleeding during delivery #hoots "lean shoots and place over lo+ fire2 "he+ and eat the plant2 < individual intervie+ RECOMMENDATIONS t has been observed that only a fe+ members of the tribe still grasp and practice their old traditions2 This +ill result to a gradual loss of their heritage2 Many of the
indigenous practices +ere never passed to the younger generation2 0i,e+ise, the use of medicinal plants is no+ slo+ly overta,en by commercial medicines2 !erbal plants are no+ being seldom used to cure ailments2 Also the degradation of the forest ta,e a toll in the diminishing of the once effective trees and plants used by the Ata-Manobo2 t is no+ impossible to retrieve the loss that this logging company has done2 "ontinuous health education is a must to educate the children on the benefits of clean living2 6E.E6E1"E# ?adaya+an ;ournal "entennial ssue &ert Tesorero
Jn the land called TalaingodK <::9 Planning and Development 'ffice Davao del 1orte Province Man,ilam, Tagum "ity The Dances of the Emerald sles 0eonor 'rosa Bo=iungco APPPENDICES
TA&0E '. P0A1T# %#ED A""'6D1B T' D#EA#E# *'%1D# C "%T# Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e Aliliga 0eaves Pound to e-tract juice2 Apply juice on affected area2 $agonoy 0eaves Pound to e-tract juice2 Apply juice on affected area2 +alakati 0eaves Pound to e-tract juice2 Apply juice on affected area2 Payao- 0eaves Pound to e-tract juice2 Apply juice on affected area2 Abaca #tem Pound to e-tract juice2 Apply juice on affected area2 $agimit #tem Ma,e a small cut across the trun, to e-tract juice2 Apply juice on affected area2 #abi #tem Bet the outer covering of the stem 3-4 inches2 %se as bandage *arra &ar, "ut a section of the trun, to e-tract juice2 Apply juice on affected area2 LPayao is also used for tetano infection (pagnapako). !EADA"!E Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e uba-tuba 0eaves Bather a handful of leaves2 !eat over lo+ fire2 Apply around the forehead2 Alom 7-8 leaves !eat leaves over lo+ fire2 Apply around the forehead2 Payao #hoots Bather a handful of shoots2 Pound to e-tract juice2 *ith the use of cloth, +rap the shoots around the forehead2 (araba #hoots Bather a handful of shoots2 Pound to e-tract juice2 *ith the use of cloth, +rap the shoots around the forehead2 'aringag &ar, Pound bar, to e-tract juice2 *ith the use of cloth, +rap the shoots around the
forehead2 #T'MA"!A"!E Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e &ndalokong &ar, &oil bar, in ample amount of +ater2 Drin, decoction t+o times a day until pain disappears2 Bukawi Gine "ut across the vine for the juice to drop2 "ollect half to < tablespoon of the juice2 Drin, the juice2 +alimantao &ar, "ut a handful of bar,2 !eat over fire until it turns to po+der2 Apply po+der around the stomach2 'apayawi &ar, Pound a handful of the bar,2 n < cup of +ater, put the bar, for a period of time2 Drin, mi-ture three times a day2 Bundoy &ar, "ut a section of the bar,2 #crape the inner layer then boil in < cup of +ater2 Drin, decoction once daily2 DA66!EA C 'A%&BA*#A Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e ,lingan and lina ubod 6oots 6oots Mi- a handful of both ingredients2 "ut them into pieces2 &oil in ( cups of +ater until half of initial volume is left2 Drin, decoction t+ice a day until illness subsides2 Bilya Gine "ut a portion of the vine to e-tract juice2 Drin, juice once a day2 "ontinue medication until patient returns to normal2 Pakutob &ar, #crape bar, into pieces2 Place bar, in one glass of +ater Drin, mi-ture once daily2
until it turns red2 !alamokot 6oots *ash roots thoroughly2 "he+ roots but avoid spilling the juice2 "ontinue medication until digestion returns to normal2 "'0D# Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e %upit &ar, *ash and clean the bar, thoroughly2 Pound to e-tract juice2 Drin, the juice once a day until symptoms disappear2 +apawon &ar, *ash and clean the bar, thoroughly2 "he+ bar, and s+allo+ juice2 "'%B! Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e #abon or eso 0eaves &oil leaves in ample amount of +ater2 Drin, decoction t+ice a day2 Pogol &ar, *ash and clean bar, thoroughly2 &oil in ( cups of +ater2 .or children: !eat bar, over lo+ fire2 Drin, once a day2 *rap around the throat overnight2 Balao-balao Gine "ut vine into small pieces2 &oil a handful of cuttings in < glass of +ater2 Drin, decoction thrice a day2 Baselong .ruit #lice fruit into half2 "ollect juice inside the fruit2 Drin, juice once a day2 ulo &ar, &oil a handful of bar, in ( cups of +ater2 Drin, decoction three times a day2 Burakan Gine "ut a section of the vine appro-imately ( to 3 feet in length2 Drin, the juice2 uto &ar, "ut a section of the bar, appro-imately 3 by 3 inches2 Drin, the decoction once daily2
#crape the inner layer of the bar,2 &oil the scraped bar, on ( cups of +ater2 T''T!A"!E Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e ,li-uli 6oots &oil roots in ( cups of +ater until half of initial volume is left2 Drin, decoction until pain disappears2 &ndalawe #hoots !eat shoots over lo+ fire2 Apply the shoots over the aching tooth2 G'MT1B *T! &0''D C +,'A# !,#. Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e Alagase 6oots *ash roots thoroughly2 &oil roots in 3 glasses of +ater2 Drin, decoction once a day until vomiting stops2 !urian &ar, "ut bar, into pieces2 &oil bar, in < cup of +ater2 Drin, decoction once a day2 "ontinue using until vomiting disappears2 Balunigay 6oots Place roots over fire until it turns to po+der2 "ollect po+der2 Apply po+der around the nec, of the patient2 %aho 6oots *ash roots thoroughly2 &oil roots in 3 glasses of +ater2 Drin, the medication continuously until health returns to normal2 G'MT1B *T! DA66!EA C +,'A 'A%&BA*# Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e &ndalokong &ar, &oil bar, in ample Drin, decoction
amount of +ater2 t+ice a day until vomiting subsides2 #atas-gatas Gine "ut across the vine2 "ollect juice in a clean bottle2 Drin, juice once a day2 &'0 Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e (alabuaya #tem Place stem on fire until it turns to po+der2 Apply po+der around the affected area2 &%61 Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e utong #tem Place stem on fire until it turns to po+der2 Apply po+der around the affected area2 .EGE6 Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e 'abao 0eaves &oil leaves in ( cups of +ater until half of initial volume is left2 Drin, decoction t+ice a day2 "ontinue using until fever disappears2 DE*'6ME6 Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e Bundoy &ar, Pound to e-tract juice2 Drin, juice once, preferably before brea,fast2 1EA6 &01D1E## C !AG1B A *!TE #P'T 1 T!E EDE Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e Bukawi #tem "ut a portion of the Ma,e 3 drops a day
stem until e-tract appears2 "ollect e-tract in a bottle2 until sight returns to normal2 #'6E EDE# Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e Alom &ar, "lean bar,2 #crape inner layer of the bar,2 "ollect scraped bar,2 #=uee$e to e-tract juice2 Drop juice on eyes once a day2 $ul-ag #tem "ut a piece of the stem2 #crape layer of the stem until an ample amount is collected2 Put scraped stem in a piece of cloth2 Drop once a day on both eyes2 'aanan #tem "ut a portion of the stem to produce juice (dagta). Ma,e one drop daily until eyes are bac, to normal2 #1A?E &TE Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e (ansalawaka &ar, or leaves Pound bar, or leaves to e-tract juice2 Apply on bitten area2 %umpogid 6oots Pound roots to e-tract juice2 Apply on bitten area2 %ina ubod and alihon-a- 6oots #hoots Pound roots and shoots to e-tract juice2 Mi- both ingredients in a glass of +ater2 Drin, half of the mi-ture2 Apply the other half on the bitten area2 'alamoging GineCleaves *ash stem or leaves of the plant2 "he+ stem or leaves2 Avoid s+allo+ing the juice2 Apply on bitten area2 Balangati vine 6oots *ash roots thoroughly2 "he+ the roots but avoid s+allo+ing the Apply on bitten area2
juice2 (akabulotot 6oots *ash roots thoroughly2 "he+ the roots but avoid s+allo+ing the juice2 Apply on bitten area2 'aanan Gine "ut a section of the vine2 "ollect juice2 Drin, juice right after being bitten by a sna,e2 Lalihon-a is an edible vegetable eaten by the natives +hich can only be found in the forest2 "E1TPEDE &TE Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e Payao 0eaves Pound leaves to e-tract juice2 Apply on bitten area2 %ina-ubod &ar, Pound bar, to e-tract juice2 Apply on bitten area2 "'11E"T .6A"T%6E C *AP&-A*# '6 *ABA%&-A* @"ebuanoA Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e ,layan and ilang-ilang &ar, Mi- and boil in ( cups of +ater2 Apply decoction on affected area2 (akabulotot #tem "ut into pieces a handful of stem2 !eat over fire until it turns to po+der2 "ollect po+der2 Apply po+der on affected area2 Balangati #tem Bather dead plant stem2 "ut into pieces2 !eat over fire until it turns to po+der2 Apply po+der on affected area2 )A/,(A Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e (ala-buaya 0eaves !eat leaves over *rap leaves on
lo+ fire2 affected area2 'GE6D%E &A&D C 'GE6#TAD1B '. .ET%# Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e Bukal 0eaves !eat leaves over fire until it turns to po+der2 "ollect po+der2 Apply po+der on the +omb of the pregnant +oman2
T' E1!A1"E M0? P6'D%"T'1 Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e Barugo Gine "ut a section of the vine2 "ollect juice and place in clean bottle2 Put bottle over lo+ fire2 Drin, juice as desired2 +aha sa abaca Plantlets Pull out +hole shoots2 #tab the trun, to collect juice2 Drin, juice t+ice a +ee,2 Papaya .ruits "oo, papaya fruits2 "an be eaten after deliveryL #atas-gatasL &ar, "ut a piece of the bar,2 #crape the inner layer of the bar,2 &oil for a period of time2 Drin, the medication as desired2 Pole &ar, "ut a section of the bar,2 Pound bar, and boil in < glass of +ater2 Drin, the medication to increase mil, production2 ukop 6oots Bather a handful of the roots2 &oil in (- 3 glasses of +ater2 Drin, the medication once daily2 LThe papaya sap and gatas-gatas e-tract are mil,y, +hitish and loo, similar to mil,2 %0"E6 Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e Bundoy &ar, "lean bar, Place heated bar, on
thoroughly2 #crape bar, into small pieces2 "ollect and +rap the bar, in banana leaves2 !eat over lo+ fire2 affected area2 Burakan Gine "ut a section of the vine appro-imately ( to 3 feet in length2 Drin, the juice2 D.."%0TD 1 EM"6ET'1 C *A$&$&)APA* !,(,(& Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e +alab #tem Place stem over fire until it turns to po+der2 Place po+der in < cup of +ater2 Drin, mi-ture once until digestion returns to normal2 #MA00 C 1' GAB1A0 'PE11B Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e iyok Any material made of +ood used as a tool to determine +hether the s+eet potato is coo,ed or not2 !eat the material over fire until it turns to po+der2 "ollect po+der2 Apply po+der on the vagina2 1"6EA#E 0&D' C E1!A1"E E6E"T'1 Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e igbao ipolo 0eaves 6oots #elect leaves of tigbao that touch the +ater since it thrives near bodies of +ater2 "ollect leaves and heat over fire until it turns to po+der2 *ash thoroughly the roots of tipolo. Apply po+der on the male se- organ2 "he+ roots and s+allo+ the juice2 $uwag 1e+ly gro+n leaves *ash shoots then cut them into pieces2 "he+ the roots and s+allo+ the juice2
"'1T6A"EPTGE# Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e Bungolan 6oots *ash and clean the roots thoroughly2 "he+ roots once daily2 "ontinue use as desired2 Pangibi-on #tem *ash and clean the stem thoroughly2 "he+ roots once daily2 "ontinue use as desired2 &A"?PA1 Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e +alimbangon 0eaves Place leaves over lo+ fire2 Apply on aching bac, preferably overnight2 &0'ATED #T'MA"! C B,.! Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e 'urid-kurid 6oots *ash roots thoroughly2 Pound roots then boil in ample amount of +ater2 Drin, the medication t+ice daily2 MA0A6A Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e (alagatas0deta- &ar, "lean roots thoroughly2 &oil bar, in ( cups of +ater2 Drin, decoction once daily until the patient is +ell2 ,li-uli and 1ogon 6oots #hoots Mi- and boil both ingredients in (-3 cups of +ater2 Drin, t+ice daily2 %ina-ubod and manuba 0eaves 0eaves &oil a handful leaves of both plants in ample amount of +ater2 As the decoction simmers, place self- in front of the steam2 f possible trap steam +ith the use of cloth2 The remaining decoction
can be used +hen ta,ing a bath2 Anotong 0eaves Place leaves over fire until smo,e is produced2 Place self in front of the smo,e2 f possible trap smo,e +ith the use of cloth2 Burakan Dead leaves Place leaves over fire until smo,e is produced2 Place self in front of the smo,e2 f possible trap smo,e +ith the use of cloth2 "so #tem Bather a handful of stem2 "ut stem in half2 Place over lo+ fire2 #=uee$e the stem to e-tract juice2 Drin, juice three times a day2 %agitlit 0eaves Place leaves over fire until smo,e is produced2 Place self in front of the smo,e2 f possible trap smo,e +ith the use of cloth2 'oyas-koyas 0eavesCstem Place leaves over fire until smo,e is produced2 Place self in front of the smo,e2 f possible trap smo,e +ith the use of cloth2 L(alagatas can result to miscarriage if ta,en by pregnant +omen2 A&'6T.A"E1T Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e Pinya 0eaves *ash leaves then boil in ample amount of +ater until half of initial volume is left2 Drin, decoction once a day2 Burakan Gine &oil a handful of the stem in 3 cups of +ater2 !eat vine over fire until it turn to po+der2 Drin, < to ( tablespoon of the medication2 Apply the po+der around the +omb2 Male papaya 6oots *ash roots thoroughly2 "he+ roots and s+allo+ the juice 'alagpangi 0eaves !eat leaves over lo+ fire2 TieC+rap leaves around the +omb2
(amakao &ar, *ash roots thoroughly2 #crape layer of the bar, until an ample amount is collected2 Put bar, in < glass of +ater for a period of time2 Ta,e medication t+ice a day2 %awot #tem and leaves Bather a handful of either stem or leaves2 &oil in ( glasses of +ater2 Apply decoction around the +omb2 T' P6EGE1T P'#T-PA6T%M 6E0AP#E Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e Pamaton Gine "ut a section of the vine to collect the juice2 Drin, the juice < day after giving birth2 $agimit and banag 6oots #tem *ash roots and stem thoroughly2 &oil in ( cups of +ater2 Drin, decoction < to ( days after giving birth2 +apinit and lina-ubod 6oots 6oots Mi- a handful of both plants2 &oil in ( cups of +ater2 Drin, decoction < day after giving birth once or t+ice daily2 Pako 6oots "ollect a handful of the roots2 &oil roots in one cup of +ater2 Drin, the decoction 3 times a day2 "ontinue use until +ell2 Bongolan 6oots "lean roots thoroughly2 #crape roots into small pieces2 &oil in ( glasses of +ater2 Drin, the decoction 3 times a day2 Anitap &ar, "ut a section of the bar,2 #crape the bar, into small pieces2 &oil in < cup of +ater2 Drin, decoction once daily2 Abaca 6oots "lean roots thoroughly2 #crape roots into small pieces2 &oil in ( glasses of +ater2 Drin, decoction once daily2
66EB%0A6 ME1#T6%AT'1 Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e #amot sa abaca 6oots *ash roots thoroughly2 "he+ and s+allo+ the juice2 "ontinue ta,ing the juice until menstrual flo+ is bac, to normal2 Anonang &ar, *ash the bar, thoroughly2 &oil bar, in ample amount of +ater2 Drin, decoction once a day until menstrual flo+ is bac, to normal2 DE0ADED P0A"E1TA0 EMP%0#'1 Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e abangaw #tem "ut stem into small pieces2 Pound to e-tract juice2 &oil pounded stem in < cup of +ater2 Drin, the medication once2 T' #T'P "'1T1%'%# &0EED1B D%61B DE0GE6D Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e #ango &ar, or roots *ash roots thoroughly2 &oil in < glass of +ater2 Drin, decoction once until bleeding stops2 &ndalokong 6oots *ash roots thoroughly2 &oil in < glass of +ater2 Drin, decoction once until bleeding stops2 ,way (tubo) !abong @plantletsA "lean the plantlets and place over lo+ fire2 Eat the heated plant2 &#!A+ 0 &P!A+- Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e &ndalokong pogol and &ar, &ar, Pound all plant parts2 Mi- in a pail %se in ta,ing a bath2
anotong #hoots of +ater2 LThe symptoms of tigdas +ere described as having redness and itchiness of the s,in2 DE0ADED DE0GE6D Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e agbak #hoots Bather shoots2 !eat over fire until they turn to po+der2 "ollect po+der2 Apply around the +omb2 %uway .ruits Bather fruits2 !eat over fire until they turns to po+der2 Apply around the +omb2 %,(A'& A*# BA/A# C !E61A
Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e +alumbabayag 0eaves Place a handful of leaves over lo+ fire2 Apply leaves around the scrotum2 T' 1"6EA#E &A&D># B6'*T! C .'6 A #T6'1BE6 &'DD (PA(PA%&#-.* +A BAA) Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e Alburya &ar, Pound or slice bar, into small pieces2 Place the bar, in a pail of +ater2 %se the mi-ture for the baby>s first bath2L Lt is believed that this +ill give their child good health just li,e the cardaba plants, +hich commonly gro+ big in stature2 2Para malihi-an ng kahoy3, as they say2 &'DD PA1 C PA(A-.% @"E&%A1' TE6MA Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e Pogid Gine Place vine over fire until it turns to po+der2 "ollect po+der2 Apply po+der on aching area2 %amag #tem Place stem over fire until it turns to po+der2 "ollect po+der2 Apply po+der on aching area2
.E6T0TD C PA(PA!A(& *# A*A' Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e $agimit .ruits #lice (-3 fruits2 #=uee$e juice in < glass of +ater2 Drin, medication as desired2L Lt is believed that people +ho drin, the fruit juice of hagimit +ill produce many children since the hagimit tree bears plenty of fruits2 #inagamit nila ito upang makaganti lalo na pagbigo sa pag-ibig ang isang babae. 'T!E6 1AT%6A0 P6'D%"T# Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e $ambubukag 0 tala-tala *hole li$ard #un dry the li$ard body2 Place it over fire until it turns to po+der2 Po+der can be mi-ed in mil, or other food2L L"an only be ta,en +hen there is no moon (patay ang buwan). Loal $a&e Pla$" 'a!"() *)e+ P!e'a!a"#o$ D#!e"#o$ fo! *)e 'omo %od C +orm "ollect one komo. Place it over fire until it turns to po+der2 "ollect po+der2 This is used as an abortifacient2 Men should be the ones to apply po+der around the +omb of the +oman, according to their belief2 INDEX TO LOCAL PLANT NAMES Abaca @Ata, "ebuanoA Alagasi @AtaA Alburya @Ata, "ebuanoA
Municipal Mayor of Talaingod Davao Province !on Ale-ander #ibogan Municipal "ouncilor of Talaingod #itio Misulong, Talaingod Davao Province Ms #hirley &urato Mid+ife of the A0#'1 "ompany &arangay #to 1ino Talaingod, Davao Province Ms .e Patindol Municipal Mid+ife &arangay #to 1ino Talaingod, Davao Province Datu 0ata+an &olinga "hieftain, 0o+er Misulong Talaingod, Davao Province Datu 0inasod #ibogan "hieftain, Misulong Talaingod, Davao Province Datu Duyan Tipay "hieftain, Melyong Talaingod, Davao Province
ENGLISH AND FILIPINO TRANSLATIONS OF ATA%MANOBO TERMS