TheCognitiveProcessDimension

ATaxonomyforLearning,Research,andAssessing:ARevisionofBloomsTaxonomyofEducational
Objectives,eds,LorinAnderson,DavidKrathwohl,withPeterAirasian[et.al.]ISBN:080131903X
RecommendallofChapter5asareferencewhenwritingLearningObjectives.
Category Sub
category
Synonyms Definitionandexamples

Remember:
Retrieverelevantknowledge
fromlongtermmemory

Recognize

Identify

Locatingknowledgeinlongtermmemorythatisconsistentwith
presentedmaterial(eg,RecognizethedatesofimportanceinU.S.
history)
Recall Retrieve Retrievingrelevantknowledgefromlongtermmemory(eg,recall
thedatesofimportanteventsinUShistory)

Understand:
Constructmeaningfrom
instructionalmessages,
includingoral,written,and
graphiccommunication

Interpret:

Clarify
Paraphrase
Represent
Translate
Changingfromoneformofrepresentation(eg,numerical)to
another(eg,verbal)(eg,Paraphraseimportantspeechesand
documents)
Exemplify:

Illustrate
Instantiate
Findingaspecificexampleorillustrationofaconceptorprinciple
(eg,Giveexamplesofvariousartisticpaintingstyles)
Classify:

Categorize
Subsume
Determiningthatsomethingbelongstoacategory(eg,Classify
observedordescribedcasesofmentaldisorders)
Summarize:

Abstract
Generalize
Describe
Abstractingageneralthemeormajorpoint(s)(eg,Writeashort
summaryoftheeventportrayedonavideotape)
Infer:

Conclude
Extrapolate
Interpolate
Predict
Drawingalogicalconclusionfrompresentedinformation(eg,In
learningaforeignlanguage,infergrammaticalprinciplesfrom
examples)

Compare: Contrast
Map
Match
Detectingcorrespondencesbetweentwoideas,objects,andthelike
(eg,Comparehistoricaleventstocontemporarysituations)

Explain:

Model

Constructingacauseandeffectmodelofasystem(eg,Explainthe
causesofimportant18thCenturyeventsinFrance)

Apply:
Carryoutoruseaprocedure
inagivensituation
Execute Carryout

Applyingaproceduretoafamiliartask(eg,Divideonewhole
numberbyanotherwholenumber,bothwithmultipledigits)
Implement Use Applyingknowledge(oftenprocedural)toanonroutinetask. (eg,
UseNewtonsSecondLawinsituationsinwhichitisappropriate)

Analyze:
Breakmaterialintoits
constituentpartsand
determinehowtheparts
relatetooneanotherandto
anoverallstructureor
purpose
Differentiate

Discriminate
Distinguish
Focus
Select
Distinguishingrelevantfromirrelevantpartsorimportantfrom
unimportantpartsofpresentedmaterial.(eg,Distinguishbetween
relevantandirrelevantnumbersinamathematicalwordproblem)
Organize

Findcoherence
Integrate
Outline
Determininghowelementsfitorfunctionwithinastructure. (eg,
Structureevidenceinahistoricaldescriptionintoevidenceforand
againstaparticularhistoricalexplanation.)
Parse
Structure
Attribute Deconstruct Determiningthepointofview,bias,values,orintentunderlying
presentedmaterial.(eg,Determinethepointsofviewoftheauthor
ofanessayintermsofhisorherpoliticalperspective)

Evaluate:
Makejudgmentsbasedon
criteriaandstandards
Check Coordinate
Test
Detect
Monitor
Detectinginconsistenciesorfallacieswithinaprocessorproduct.
Determiningwhetheraprocessorproducthasinternalconsistency;
detectingtheeffectivenessofaprocedureasitisbeing
implemented.(eg,Determineifascientistsconclusionsfollowfrom
observeddata)
Critique Judge Detecting inconsistenciesbetweenaproductandexternalcriteria,
determiningwhetheraproducthasexternalconsistency;detecting
theappropriatenessofaprocedureforagiventaskorproblem.(eg,
Judgewhichoftwomethodsisthebestwaytosolveagiven
problem)

Create:
Putelementstogetherto
formacoherentorfunctional
whole;reorganizeelements
intoanewpattern
Generate Hypothesize Comingupwithalternativesorhypothesesbasedoncriteria (eg,
Generatehypothesestoaccountforanobservedphenomenon)
Plan Design Devisingaprocedureforaccomplishingsometask. (eg,Plana
researchpaperonagivenhistoricaltopic)
Produce Construct Inventingaproduct. (eg,Buildhabitatsforaspecificpurpose)