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Chapters 5 & 6 Review

Answer Section

SHORT ANSWER

1. ANS:
Bonding forces

PTS: 1 DIF: basic REF: section 5.1 STA: PS 3d

2. ANS:
Pressure is caused by the constant collisions between many, many atoms.

PTS: 1 DIF: intermediate REF: section 5.1 STA: PS 8c

3. ANS:
Answers will vary. Correct answers will include any four of the following:
density, strength, elasticity, ductility, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity

PTS: 1 DIF: basic REF: section 5.2 STA: PS 7c

4. ANS:
The two objects must be in contact and at different temperatures.

PTS: 1 DIF: intermediate REF: section 5.2 STA: PS 7d

5. ANS:
As a gas, the water vapor has too much energy to be confined to an open space.

PTS: 1 DIF: intermediate REF: section 5.2 STA: PS 3d

6. ANS:
Electric forces may be attractive or repulsive. Gravitational forces are attractive only.

PTS: 1 DIF: intermediate REF: section 6.1 STA: PS 2g | PS 3a

7. ANS:
In the nucleus.

PTS: 1 DIF: intermediate REF: section 6.1 STA: PS 3a

8. ANS:
beta decay

PTS: 1 DIF: advanced REF: section 6.1 STA: PS 7b

9. ANS:
electrons

PTS: 1 DIF: basic REF: section 6.2 STA: PS 3a

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PROBLEM

10. ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: intermediate REF: section 5.1 STA: PS 7g

11. ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: advanced REF: section 5.1 STA: PS 3d | PS 5d

12. ANS:
The number of neutrons is the difference between the mass number and the atomic number; 9
neutrons

PTS: 1 DIF: intermediate REF: section 6.1 STA: PS 7b

13. ANS:
+10 - 6 = +4

PTS: 1 DIF: intermediate REF: section 6.1 STA: PS 3a

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14. ANS:
During alpha decay, 2 protons and 2 neutrons are emitted as an alpha particle, reducing the number of
each by 2; 90 protons and 144 neutrons

PTS: 1 DIF: advanced REF: section 6.1 STA: PS 7b

15. ANS:
When beta decay occurs, the mass number is unchanged but one neutron is lost, changed to a proton
that remains in the nucleus, increasing the atomic number by one, and one electron that is emitted
from the nucleus. The number of neutrons is the difference between the mass number and the atomic
number, the number of protons; 127 neutrons

PTS: 1 DIF: advanced REF: section 6.1 STA: PS 7b

ESSAY

16. ANS:
Intermolecular forces are those forces that act between molecules. At long distances, intermolecular
forces are attractive and pull molecules together. Once molecules become close enough to touch,
intermolecular forces become repulsive and prevent molecules from overlapping.

PTS: 1 DIF: intermediate REF: section 5.1 STA: PS 3d | PS 3e

17. ANS:
Convection is the transfer of heat through the motion of fluids. Forced convection takes place when a
fluid is heated and then pumped to another location, transferring the heat energy. Natural convection
occurs when a heated fluid rises in its container due to the decrease in its density, being replaced by
descending cooler, more dense fluid.

PTS: 1 DIF: intermediate REF: section 5.1 STA: PS 8e

18. ANS:
Evaporation occurs at the surface of a liquid when the temperature of the liquid is below the boiling
point. Since temperature measures the average kinetic energy of the molecules, there are some
molecules with enough energy to break bonds with their neighbors and become a gas.

When liquids have enough thermal energy to break bonds throughout the liquid, gas bubbles are
produced within the liquid and rise to escape the liquid. While boiling takes place, all energy added to
the liquid is absorbed to break the intermolecular forces and temperature of the liquid remains
constant. The temperature at which this occurs is called the boiling point.

PTS: 1 DIF: advanced REF: section 5.1 STA: PS 3d | PS 3e | PS 5d

19. ANS:
(1) The proton is found in the nucleus, the electron orbits outside the nucleus.
(2) The proton has a positive charge and the electron a negative charge.
(3) The proton is 1835 times more massive than the electron.

PTS: 1 DIF: basic REF: section 6.1 STA: PS 3a

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20. ANS:
Atoms of different elements contain different numbers of protons in the nucleus.

PTS: 1 DIF: intermediate REF: section 6.1 STA: PS 7b