Hand

1. T
e

w
b
T
a
b

2. S
c
b
d

3. C
p

4. C
s
t

dedout01S
The viscosity
equation:
whereT
o
isa
betweentwo
Thetempera
a. Determin
theveloc
b. Howdoe
T
o
?How
velocity
Solve for the
constant for
boundary co
differenceso
Consider a c
property.Is
Considerthe
showninthe
thereisnod

September20
y of a Newt
q
areferencete
oflatparalle
atureinthef
T
netheflowr
cityprofile
estheaverag
wdoestheloc
profilechang
e velocity pr
rce per unit
ondition was
observedwh
constitutive
thisformallo
ecaseofdev
eFigure).At
rivingforcef

NCL273:Tra
014
onian liquid
q(T)=q
o
[1+|
emperature.
lplatesthat
fluidhasaste
T(y)=T
o
+(T
1
rateinterms
geflowin(a)
cationofthe
ge?
rofile in unbo
area, F/A.
that the pla
enthebound
equation of
owable?Ifn
velopedpress
ttimet=0,
fortheflow.

ansportPhen
D
depends on
|(TT
o
)]
1

Thefluidflo
aremaintain
eadystatepr
1
T
o
)(y/H)
softhepress
compareto
evelocityma

ounded fluid
Recall that
ate was mov
daryconditio
f the form,
not,whynot?
suredrivenf
thepressure
Derivethet
nomena:HW
Discussionin
n the tempe
owsunderth
nedattempe
rofileasfollo
suregradient
thatwhent
ximumshift,
d above a pl
we solved
ved with a co
onsarechan
t = | x Vu
?Proveany
flowthrough
edropacross
timedepend
W2
classon17S
erature acco
einfluenceo
eraturesT
o
an
ows:
tdP/dx,and
hetemperat
,andhowdo

late that is m
the Rayleigh
onstant velo
ged.
u, where |
assertionsth
hatubeofci
sthetubeab
dentvelocity

September2
ording to the
ofapressure
ndT
1
,where
sketchthesh
ureisisothe
oestheshape

moved at t =
h problem,
city. Comm
is a constan
hatyoumake
rcularcross
bruptlybeco
profile.
2014
e following
egradient
eT
1
>T
o
.
hapeof
rmaland=
eofthe
= 0, with a
where the
ent on the
nt material
e.
section(as
omes0,viz.

5.

6. Twolargeparalleldisksofradius,R,anddistancehapart,arebothrotatingataconstantangular
velocityin the samedirection. Theiraxes ofrotationare displacedadistance, a,where a <<h
(thisisgreatlyexaggerated,forclarity,intheaccompanyingfigure).

ANewtonianoilisplacedbetweenthedisksinthefigure,andthefollowingvelocityprofileisobserved,
relativetoaCartesian(xyz)coordinatesystemwithitsoriginatthecenterofthelowerdisk.
U
x
=ey+(a/h)ezandU
y
=exandU
z
=0
a. Istheoilincompressible?Proveyouranswer.
b. Istheoilexperiencinganystrainrate,oristhemotionsimplyasolidbodyrotation?Proveyour
answerbycalculatingE=(VU+VU
T
).
c. IstheNavierStokesequationsatisfied?
d. Neglectbody forces andsurface tension, and determine theforcesactingon thelowerdisk,in
theplaneofthedisk.
Howcanthisdevicebeusedtodeterminetheviscosityoftheoil?

7. Inarheometer,twoparallelplatesareheldadistance,h,apart(asindicatedinthefigure).The
bottomplateisheldstationarywhilethetopplateisoscillatedwithavelocity,u
x
=U
o
e
iet
(where
i
2
=1).AssumethatthefluidinthegapisNewtonian,withdensity,,andviscosity,q,andthat
theflowislaminarandunidirectional.Assumethatthereisnovariationinthezdirection(into
theplaneofthepaper).
a. Write down three characteristic time scales, based on fluid properties, imposed flow
andthegeometryoftherheometer,andcommentontheirphysicalmeaning.
a
e
e
h
z
y
O
y
e e
Newtonian
oil
b. Define a Reynolds number for this problem. Note that the unsteadiness in this
problem arises from the oscillation of the top plate. Therefore, recognize that the
Reynoldsnumbershouldcontaine.DoestheReynoldsnumberyouhavedefinedhave
aphysicalmeaningrelativetothetimescalesdefinedinpart(a)?
c. Write down the momentum balance equation and dedimensionalize appropriately.
Whataretheboundaryconditions?
d. Assume a solution of the form u
x
= f(y) e
iwt
. For low Re, you can write f(y) as a power
series in the Reynolds number. Solve for the velocity profile and obtain the first
(leading)orderterminthesolution.Alsosolveforthenextterminthesolution.

8. Forflowofliquiddowntheslideshownintheaccompanyingfigurewithaconstantvolumetric
flow rate (per unit width) = Q. Determine the velocity profile and the film thickness (o) as a
functionofx.

u
x
=U
o
exp(iet)
h
x
y
y = -mx forx < 0
y = -mx-cx
2
forx > 0
o(x)
9.

10. C
b
Figure: L
themach
thingap
theques
a. S
s
b. W
t
p
(
c
c. E
s

11. C
e
l
N
c
f

Calendaring
betweentwo
Left: Photogr
hineisabout
ofsize=2a.
stion.Assum
Show that h
suggestana
Write down
thingap,a<<
p=p
o
eR
(Hint:Integra
cannotbede
Estimate the
sheet,using
Considerac
extendsinfin
length(inth
Newtonianli
canbemove
fortheliquid

is a proces
oheavycylin
raph of a co
t1.5mtall.
.Notethata
methatthem
(x) ~ a + x
2
/
ppropriatesc
the simplifi
<R)usingth
x/h
2
,where
atethexmo
ependenton
e force requ
rollswithad
hannelwith
nitelyinthez
e xdirection
iquidwithde
edcontinuou
dinthechan
h
ss used to p
ndricalrolls,a
mmercial ca
Right:Schem
a<<R.The
moltenpolym
2R (for x <<
caleforx,wh
ed Navier St
exycoordin
p
o
istheatm
omentumba
h,sincethe
ired (per un
diameterof0
arectangula
zdirection.T
n)isL,andin
ensity,and
uslyatacons
nel.Ifyoum
e
V
produce she
asindicatedi
lendaring m
maticoftwo
expandedvi
merisNewton
R). If the a
herethelubr
tokes equat
natesystemi
mosphericpre
lance,andre
fluidisincom
it length) to
0.5m,rotatin
arcrosssecti
Thexandy
ntheydirec
dviscosity,q
stantvelocity
makeanyassu
e
L
y
eets of poly
intheaccom
achine. Not
calendaring
iewshowsth
nian,withav
ppropriate s
ricationappr
ions under t
indicated.Sh
essure
ecognizetha
mpressible)
o hold the ro
ngate=1ra
ion,asshow
axesareasi
ctionish,su
fillsthecha
y,V,asindic
umptions,pl
x
ymer by pre
mpanyingfigu
te that the c
rolls,withra
hecoordinat
viscosity,.
scale for y is
roximationis
the lubricati
howthat:

tthevolume
olls together
ad.s
1
.Assum
wnbelow.As
ndicatedint
chthatL>>
nnel.Theto
cated.Solve
easestateth
essing molte
ure.
control conso
adius,R,sepa
esystemref
a, does th
svalid?
on approxim

efluxinthe
r for a 50 m
methat=1
ssumethatth
thefigure.T
h.Anincom
opplateofth
forthevelo
heseclearly.
n polymer

ole next to
aratedbya
ferredtoin
his relation
mation (viz.
xdirection
icron thick
1000Pa.s.
hechannel
hechannel
mpressible,
hechannel
cityprofile