Titration Lab

REFERENCES: Brown & Holme Sections 3.3, 4.5

titration is a !roce"#re commonl$ !er%orme" in almost an$ c&emistr$ lab. T&e
titration is t&e !rocess o% "eterminin' t&e s!eci%ic amo#nt o% a standard solution re(#ire"
to react wit& a certain amo#nt o% #n)nown. T&e standard solution is one w&ose
concentration is alrea"$ acc#ratel$ )nown. buret is commonl$ #se" to "eli*er t&e
stan"ar" sol#tion beca#se it meas#res *ol#me "is!ense". T&e sol#tion #se" in t&e b#ret
is calle" t&e titrant. titration can be !er%orme" wit& an$ c&emical reaction in sol#tion,
b#t it is most commonl$ !er%orme" wit& aci"s an" bases. t$!ical sit#ation wo#l" be
w&ere a stan"ar" sol#tion o% base is titrate" wit& an #n)nown aci" an" t&e concentration
o% aci" is "etermine", or *ice *ersa.
T&e )e$ to an$ titration is stoic&oimetr$. B$ #sin' a stan"ar" sol#tion, t&e moles o% aci"
or base reactin' can be calc#late":
moles + L , -

T&en, #sin' molar ratios, t&e moles o% t&e #n)nown can be calc#late". T&en t&ose moles
o% #n)nown are #s#all$ e,!resse" in molarit$:
- + moles.L
/#rin' t&e titration, we m#st sto! ri'&t at t&e !oint w&ere stoic&iometric amo#nts o% aci"
an" base react. T&is is calle" t&e equivalence point or stoichiometric point.
T&e !roblem wit& aci"s an" bases is t&at not&in' &a!!ens at t&e e(#i*alence !oint to tell
$o# to sto! t&e titration. n indicator is #se" to sol*e t&is !roblem. T&e indicator is a
molec#le t&at c&an'es color "e!en"in' on t&e aci"it$ o% t&e sol#tion. Near t&e
e(#i*alence !oint, t&e aci"it$ will c&an'e *er$ ra!i"l$. 0&en t&e in"ictor c&an'es color,
t&is is calle" t&e endpoint 1beca#se $o# en" t&e titration t&en2. 0e will #se an in"icator
calle" !&enol!&t&alein in t&is lab. 3&enol!&t&alein is clear in aci"ic sol#tion an" !in) in
basic sol#tion.
E,am!le:
stan"ar" sol#tion o% 4.35 - HCl will be #se" to "etermine t&e concentration o%
an #n)nown sol#tion o% !otassi#m &$"ro,i"e 156H2. 78.5 mL sam!le o% 56H
is !lace" in a %las) an" a %ew "ro!s o% !&enol!&t&alein a""e" 1t&e sol#tion t#rns
!in), w&$92. T&e HCl sol#tion is a""e" "ro! wise %rom a b#ret #ntil t&e sam!le
t#rn clear 1t&e en"!oint2. 7:.;3 mL o% t&e aci" was re(#ire" to reac& t&e en"!oint.
0&at is t&e molarit$ o% t&e 56H9
balance" e(#ation: HCl < 56H 5Cl < H
8
6
4.47:;3 L HCl , 4.35 moles HCl + 4.44=: moles HCl reacte"
L
4.44=: mol HCl , 7 mol 56H + 4.44=: moles 56H reacte"
7 mol HCl
4.44=: mol 56H + 4.55 - 56H
4.4785 L
T&e %irst !art o% t&e lab will in*ol*e standardizing 1acc#ratel$ "eterminin' t&e
concentration o%2 some Na6H sol#tion. To "o t&is, we will titrate t&e Na6H wit& a
small amo#nt o% an aci"ic salt calle" !otassi#m &$"ro'en !&t&alate 15H3 %or
s&ort2. 5H3 is a salt t&at be&a*es li)e an aci" an" reacts wit& Na6H in a one to
one ratio. T&e %orm#la %or 5H3 is 5HC
>
H
4
6
4
an" its molar mass is 844.8 '.mol.
B$ titratin' Na6H wit& 5H3 to a !&enol!&t&alein en"!oint, t&e concentration o%
t&e Na6H can be calc#late" b$ relatin' moles 5H3 reacte" to moles Na6H.
?n t&e secon" !art o% t&e lab, we will #se t&e newl$ stan"ar"i@e" Na6H sol#tion to
"etermine t&e concentration o% some #n)nown aci" sol#tions.
3R6CE/ARE
Part One
"" between 4.3 an" 4.4 'rams o% 5H3 to a 785 mL Erlenme$er %las).
"" abo#t 85 mL o% "istille" water to t&e %las) to "issol*e t&e 5H3.
"" 3B4 "ro!s o% !&enol!&t&alein to t&e %las).
Rinse an" %ill a b#ret wit& t&e Na6H sol#tion.
3#t a stir bar in $o#r %las) an" !lace it on a stir !late #n"er $o#r b#ret.
Recor" t&e initial b#ret rea"in'.
Start a""in' t&e Na6H to t&e %las) "ro!wise, sto!!in' at a %aint !in)
en"!oint.
Recor" t&e %inal b#ret rea"in'.
Re!eat t&e !roce"#re %or t&e secon" trial.
Part Two
Recor" t&e i"entit$ o% t&e #n)nown aci" assi'ne".
Care%#ll$ meas#re 74 mL o% t&e #n)nown #sin' a *ol#metric !i!et an" a""
it to a 785 mL Erlenme$er %las).
"" abo#t 85 mL o% "istille" water to t&e %las)
"" 3B4 "ro!s o% !&enol!&t&alein.
Rinse an" %ill a b#ret wit& t&e same Na6H sol#tion t&at was stan"ar"i@e" in
!art one.
3#t a stir bar in $o#r %las) an" !lace it on a stir !late #n"er $o#r b#ret.
Recor" t&e initial b#ret rea"in'.
Start a""in' t&e Na6H to t&e %las) "ro!wise, sto!!in' at a %aint !in)
en"!oint.
Recor" t&e %inal b#ret rea"in'.
Re!eat t&e !roce"#re %or t&e secon" trial.
CLCALT?6NS
Part One
Ase t&e molar mass o% 5H3 to calc#late moles o% 5H3 reacte".
Ase stoic&oimetr$ to "etermine moles o% Na6H reacte".
/i*i"e moles Na6H b$ *ol#me #se" to 'et molarit$ 1mol.L2.
*era'e t&e molarit$ %or bot& trials.
3art Two
Ase t&e *ol#me o% Na6H #se" an" t&e molarit$ o% Na6H to calc#late moles
o% Na6H reacte".
Ase stoic&oimetr$ to "etermine moles o% t&e aci" reacte".
/i*i"e moles aci" b$ *ol#me o% t&e sam!le #se" to 'et molarit$ 1mol.L2.
*era'e t&e molarit$ %or bot& trials.
TITRATION LAB NameCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
REPORT FORM:
/ateCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
S&ow all calc#lations an" #nits
Data Trial one Trial two
Part One
-ass o% 5H3 CCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Final B#ret rea"in' CCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
?nitial B#ret rea"in' CCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Net *ol#me Na6H #se" CCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Calculations
-oles 5H3 #se" CCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
-oles Na6H reacte" CCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
-olarit$ Na6H CCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
*era'e -olarit$ Na6H CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Part Two
?"entit$ o% #n)nown aci" CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Trial one Trial two
Dol#me o% aci" sam!le CCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Final B#ret rea"in' CCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
?nitial B#ret rea"in' CCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Net *ol#me Na6H #se" CCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Calculations
-oles Na6H reacte" CCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
-oles aci" reacte" CCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
-olarit$ o% #n)nown aci" CCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
*era'e molarit$ o% aci" CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
E#estions:
7. ?n !art one i% $o# allow $o#r titration to 'o be$on" a %aint !in) en"!oint an" it
en"s #! "ar) !in), w&at a%%ect will t&at &a*e on $o#r molarit$ Na6H9 0&at
a%%ect, in an$, wo#l" t&is &a*e on t&e molarit$ o% aci" in !art two9
8. 0rite t&e balance" molec#lar e(#ation %or t&e reaction o% $o#r aci" an" base in
!art two.
3. 3>.=4 ml o% #n)nown Li6H sol#tion is titrate" wit& 4.5:7 - stan"ar" s#l%#ric
aci" sol#tion. ?% 83.38 mL o% t&e stan"ar" aci" sol#tion is re(#ire" to reac& a
!&enol!&t&alein en"!oint, w&at is t&e molarit$ o% t&e #n)nown Li6H sol#tion9
0rite t&e balance" molec#lar e(#ation.