9/20/2014 Combustion Diagnostics in Gasoline, CNG and Diesel Engines byIn-Cylinder Pressure Analyses

http://areeweb.polito.it/ricerca/pt-erc/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2:combustion-1-art&catid=2:combustion-cat&Itemid=4 1/6
Combustion Diagnostics in Gasoline, CNG and Diesel
Engines by In-Cylinder Pressure Analyses
Gasoline and CNG
The new diagnostic method is based on a quasi-dimensional multizone combustion model that
takes the non-uniform spatial distribution of in-cylinder burned gas thermodynamic and chemical
properties into account. As far as temperature calculation is concerned, the energy
conservation law is applied to each zone, which can be considered to be either homogeneous or
composed of two distinct parts: an adiabatic core and a thermal boundary layer. Each zone is
generated at user-defined crank-angle increments, so that virtually all the cases between fully
mixed and unmixed limiting models can be considered for investigation. The multizone
thermodynamic approach for mass burning rate analysis is coupled with a CAD procedure for the
computation of burned-gas mean expansion speed and burning speed. A new procedure for
determining the start of combustion was embedded in the model. The calculation uses detailed
thermodynamic gas properties that are capable of taking fuel composition and intake air
humidity into account. The diagnostic method also includes previously proposed refinements for:
modelling the surface-averaged heat flux in order to take the unsteadiness of gas-wall
temperature difference into account; evaluating the unburned-gas zone temperature;
calibrating the mass-fraction burned at the end of the flame propagation process. The NO
calculation is performed on the basis of a six-reaction thermal formation mechanism and
includes the contribution from the flame-formed NO.
The next picture reports an engine schematic where the combustion chamber volume is divided
in the unburned gas zone (Vu) and in the burned gas region (Vb) which in turn is split into, e.g.,
six zones. The numbers in the picture show each of the burned zones (shaded areas).


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9/20/2014 Combustion Diagnostics in Gasoline, CNG and Diesel Engines byIn-Cylinder Pressure Analyses
http://areeweb.polito.it/ricerca/pt-erc/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2:combustion-1-art&catid=2:combustion-cat&Itemid=4 2/6
The CAD procedure, which is embedded in the model, is used to compute the heat-transfer
surface between each zone and the walls, as well as the burning-front area for the evaluation
of the burning speed, Sb:
The following figure shows an example of multizone analysis of the cylinder content, in which
the temperature and NO concentration evolution for each zone is shown for a specific engine
cycle. Furthermore, and example of Sb evaluation on a cycle-by-cycle basis is given:
9/20/2014 Combustion Diagnostics in Gasoline, CNG and Diesel Engines byIn-Cylinder Pressure Analyses
http://areeweb.polito.it/ricerca/pt-erc/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2:combustion-1-art&catid=2:combustion-cat&Itemid=4 3/6
Diesel
An innovative multizone premixed-diffusion zero-dimensional homemade combustion model has
been specifically developed also for the investigation of the combustion processes and emission
formation analysis in diesel engines, both for conventional and highly Premixed Charge
Compression Ignition (PCCI) combustion modes.
In particular, following the experimentally-derived conceptual model proposed by Dec (SAE
970873), the combustion process is divided into a premixed rich phase and a stoichiometric
diffusion phase, as can be seen by the following picture.
9/20/2014 Combustion Diagnostics in Gasoline, CNG and Diesel Engines byIn-Cylinder Pressure Analyses
http://areeweb.polito.it/ricerca/pt-erc/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2:combustion-1-art&catid=2:combustion-cat&Itemid=4 4/6
In the multizone approach, the combustion chamber is divided into several homogeneous zones,
to which the energy and mass conservation laws are applied.
Starting from the in-chamber pressure signal, acquired by means of a pressure transducer, it is
possible to calculate the fuel Heat Release Rate (HRR), as well as the local thermo-chemical and
thermodynamic conditions of the different zones (temperatures, chemical composition,), so
allowing a post-processing calculation of the pollutant emissions (such as nitrogen oxides,
carbon monoxide and, for diesel engines, soot), by means of specific thermo-chemical and
phenomenological sub-models.
9/20/2014 Combustion Diagnostics in Gasoline, CNG and Diesel Engines byIn-Cylinder Pressure Analyses
http://areeweb.polito.it/ricerca/pt-erc/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2:combustion-1-art&catid=2:combustion-cat&Itemid=4 5/6
The model also allows the visualization of the local charge thermodynamic conditions in the well
known f-T diagrams:
9/20/2014 Combustion Diagnostics in Gasoline, CNG and Diesel Engines byIn-Cylinder Pressure Analyses
http://areeweb.polito.it/ricerca/pt-erc/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2:combustion-1-art&catid=2:combustion-cat&Itemid=4 6/6

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