Exposure effects of Liquid - Neurobion by Intramuscular Injection In to
Total Amount of Erythrocytes and Hemoglobin oncentration in !ice
"Mus musculus# Exposure effects of Liquid - Neurobion by Intramuscular Injection In to Total Amount of Erythrocytes and Hemoglobin oncentration in !ice "Mus musculus# $ahyudi Nel%ianto & ' (aniar )u*masari + ' )arah ,- E- L- Tobing . ' A/arine 0ahma1ati 2andina 3 ' and 0amadini Aini 4 & )chool of Life )ciences and Technology' Institut Te*nologi 5andung 2anesha )treet No- &6' 5andung 36&.+' Indonesia
Email7 1ahyudinel%ianto8students-itb-ac-id A$%T&AT ' Neurobion is a solution containing Hl &66 mg' &66 mg of %itamin 5&' &66 mg of %itamin 59' and & mg of %itamin 5&+- These substances play a role in the formation of erythrocytes and hemoglobin- This study 1as conducted to pro%e the effect of liquid Neurobion to increase the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin concentration of mice "Mus musculus#- 0esearch carried out for &4 days consisted of a negati%e control group and the treatment groups- Negati%e control group consisted of three mice' 1hereas the treatment group consisted of six mice- E%ery day' each mouse 1ere 1eighed- :n day /ero' nine mice blood sample 1as ta*en as the initial data for the calculation of the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin concentration- Neurobion exposure of 6-64 ml liquid intramuscularly to six treated mice' performed the next day for 9 days- :n day ;' mice 1ere re-dra1n 1hole blood samples by cutting mice tail- )o also on day &3- Negati%e control group of mice can be obser%ed relati%ely stable 1eight or change is not %ery significant' 1hile the treated mice lost 1eight- (or the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin concentration' negati%e control group and the group of mice treated mice sho1ed the same relati%e increase' there is a significant number of 6-64 difference %alues increase in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin concentration in mice gi%en treatment- Neurobion liquid exposure as much as 6-64 ml intramuscularly gi%e the effect to the increase in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin concentration of mice "Mus musculus# in mice subjected to treatment- Keywords : B complex, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, liquid - Neurobion, intramuscular injection, Mus musculus, mice
Exposure effects of Liquid - Neurobion by Intramuscular Injection In to Total Amount of Erythrocytes and Hemoglobin oncentration in !ice "Mus musculus# 1. Introduction Neurobion is one of the drug products that contain %itamin 5 complex- Neurobion is an aqueous solution containing &66 mg of %itamin 5&' &66 mg of %itamin 59' and & mg of %itamin 5&+- The nature pharmaco*inetics of %itamin 5& Neurobion is stored in the human body as much as .6 mg' %itamin 59 can be stored in the human body as much as 36-&46 mg' %itamin 5&+ stored in the li%er as much as & mg and excreted through urine as much as &-; - .-9 mg- <itamin 5& toxicity le%els tend to be lo1- In animals' oral exposure as much as &46-+66 mg %itamin 59 = *g of body 1eight per day in a period of &66-&6; days can cause ataxia "muscular asthenia#' balance disorders' and other degenerati%e diseases- The use of 46 mg of %itamin 59 daily for 9-&+ months or & g of %itamin 59 e%ery day for + months can cause neuropathies >&6? - In a daily life' %itamin 5 complex is used to help heart health' protect the body from cancer' pre%ent migraines' cataracts' helps lo1er cholesterol' reduce depression' disorders of the joints' helps the production of red blood cells and relie%e the symptoms of hypertension "blood height#' asthma' and @!)- In addition' %itamin 5 complex used to help care for the ner%ous system and red blood cell formation- <itamin 5 complex is %ery useful to help o%ercome the symptoms of fatigue and stress- Adequacy of %itamin 5 complex can help pre%ent gro1th retardation' anemia' impaired %ision' ner%e damage' and heart problems >&6? - 2. !ethodology +-& !aintenance of experimental animals In this study 1as used A mice- Each cage contained . mice- Each cage 1as gi%en hus*s are replaced e%ery t1o 1ee*s- E%ery day the mice 1ere fed and 1atered ad libitum- +-+ Exposure !ice 1ere positioned 1ith the %entral part facing up- Alcohol ;6B is applied to the part to be injected- The tip of the syringe 1ith the syringe containing Neurobion 6-64 ml liquid has been confirmed not contain air bubbles' Exposure effects of Liquid - Neurobion by Intramuscular Injection In to Total Amount of Erythrocytes and Hemoglobin oncentration in !ice "Mus musculus# directed a1ay from the femoral and sciatic ner%e- Then' the syringe is inserted through the s*in and into the muscle- If there is blood or body fluids on the syringe' the procedure must be stopped- )yringe 1as transferred to other areas of the body intramuscular injection is done' syringes depri%ed and alcohol ;6B is applied to the part that has been injected- +-. 5lood )ampling 5lood mice 1ere ta*en e%ery 9 days- !ice tail is 1armed so that the blood rate out 1ill increase- $arms mice can be done by placing lights on the cage for 4 minutes or more- !ice 1ere put to a falcon tube- 5ody of mice are inside the tube' 1ith the tail remo%ed through a small hole in the falcon tube- The end mice alcohol ;6B is applied first and then the tip of its tail cut- 5lood issued by 1ay of repeated massage on the tail from the base to1ard the tip of the tail- 5lood coming out 1ith microtube accommodated- At the tail end 1hich has ta*en ;6B alcohol smeared blood to stop bleeding- +-3 alculation of erythrocytes Erythrocytes in hemocytometer %ie1ed using a microscope calculated amount in 4 square space "0# hemocytometer- Then' the number of erythrocytes obtained from the obser%ations included in the follo1ing formula 7 +-4 Hemoglobin oncentration alculation )uc*ed the blood of mice 1ith special measuring de%ices )ahli pipette to limit scale +6CL- Then the blood dripped into the tube at the gauge )ahli 1as completed' & drop of Hl & N- 5lood stirred until homogeneous- Homogeneous color of blood is then compared 1ith a color standard solution of hemoglobin- If the color is not the same homogeneous blood' & N Hl 1as added until the color is the same- If the color of the blood is the same homogeneous 1ith a standard solution of hemoglobin' the blood %olume is 1ritten in units of g = dL 1ith a loo* Exposure effects of Liquid - Neurobion by Intramuscular Injection In to Total Amount of Erythrocytes and Hemoglobin oncentration in !ice "Mus musculus# at the scale on the tube- 3. (bser)ation &esults and *iscussion +igure , hanges in mass of mice against Tim e 5ased on the graph changes in body 1eight of mice' mice control group experienced no change in 1eight' 1hile the treated mice lost 1eight- This is due to the influence of liquid Neurobion exposure to mice- <itamin 59 is contained in Neurobion liquid' gi%ing a 1ide range of ad%erse effects on consumers' one of 1hich is reducing appetite >+? - <itamin 59 plays an important role in the metabolic processes of the body and helps the thyroid hormones >.? - Thyroid hormone attaches to its receptor 1ill increase the rate of AT@ production in the mitochondria' 1hile the thyroid hormone receptor that is attached to the nucleus to acti%ate genes that control acceleration )odium- @otassium AT@ase en/yme that increases the metabolic rate- In a healthy thyroid system' the body is able to properly manage energy expenditure so as to lose 1eight and ha%e a 1ell-functioning metabolism- It can be concluded' the addition of 59 in the body can lose 1eight >3? - 5ased on the t1o statistical tests' namely the sign test and test )@))' note that the data from the treatment and control data for the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin concentration did not ha%e significant differences- This conclusion may change as 1e get the data as seen from the significant %alue of 6-64 1hich 1as almost achie%ed in )@)) test results table - +igure - The number of erythrocytes against Time Exposure effects of Liquid - Neurobion by Intramuscular Injection In to Total Amount of Erythrocytes and Hemoglobin oncentration in !ice "Mus musculus# +igure . hanges in hemoglobin concentration against time 5ased on the graph of the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin concentration 1ere obtained from the experimental results obtained increase in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin concentration in the treated mice- It can be caused by %itamin 5&+ content contained in Neurobion that 1ere exposed - <itamin 5&+ has a chemical structure that is the largest and most complex of all the %itamins- <itamin 5&+ contains the metal ion' the resulting cobalt in %itamin 5&+ 1ill membenu* methylcobalamin and 4-deoxyadenosylcobalamin 1hich is another form of %itamin 5&+ in the body 1or*- obalamin is 1idely used in most supplements- In mammals' cobalamin is a cofactor for the en/yme methionine synthase t1o- !ethionine synthase is an en/yme that is required in the synthesis of amino acids and methionine- In addition' 4-deoxyadenosycobalamin required by the en/yme that cataly/es the con%ersion of L-methylmalonyl oA to succinyl oA- This biochemical reaction plays an important role in the production of energy from fats and proteins- )uccinyl oA is also required for the synthesis of hemoglobin' the oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells of homocysteine >4? - <itamin 5&+ in the acti%e form of cyanocobalamin' plays a role in cell di%ision- Lac* of %itamin 5&+ can cause red blood cells do not ha%e clea%age to form !egaloblast >9? - This !egaloblast are more fragile and ha%e a shorter life span than normal red blood cells >;?- 0ed blood cells must di%ide at speeds +'4 milliom = sec >D? - )o the deficiency of %itamin 5&+' red blood cell speed to splitting 1ill not be achie%ed' as a result there are red blood cells that are not di%iding and formed !egaloblast- 0esearch on humans and animals sho1 that amino acids and peptides influence iron absorption during the process of the formation of hemoglobin >A? - Erythrocytes ha%e a pale yello1 color 1ith a combination of reddish bro1n because it contains hemoglobin because it contains hemoglobin' 1hich has a capacity of ..B of the total mass of each puc* erythrocytes- Hemoglobin is a protein that is actually composed of four polypeptide chains' t1o identical alpha chains and t1o beta chains identical to the iron-containing heme groups bound to each chain of the tetramer- )o that iron is a constituent component of erythrocytes is of great importance >&6? - 4. onclusion 5ased on this research' liquid Neurobion injection intramuscularly to changes in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin le%els of mice "Mus musculus#- !ice 1ere injected liquid Neurobion increased red blood cell count and hemoglobin le%els compared 1ith control mice subjected to negati%e' judging from the significant %alue of 6-64 based on the results of statistical tests using )@)) sign test and test- 5. *aftar /usta0a [1] @reedy' <ictor 0- +6&.- 5 <itamins and (olate hemistry' Analysis' (unction' and Effects- EF7 0) @ublishing [2] Natural )tandard- +6&&- The Many Uses for Vitamin B6- http7==naturalmedicinejournal-com=articleGcontent-aspHeditionI&JsectionI+JarticleI++A Kia*ses tanggal 3 Kesember +6&. pu*ul 6D-6. $I5 [3] @ellegrini' Amy- +6&6- Vitamin that Control the Appetite- http7==111-li%estrong-com=article=+39;3D %itamins-that-control-the-appetite= Kia*ses tanggal 3 Kesember pu*ul ;-.3 $I5 [4] !artini' (rederic H-' Nath' Ludi L-' dan Ed1in (- 5artholome1- +6&+- (undamentals of Anatomy J @hysiology: A th Edition. )an (rancisco7 @earson Education Inc- [5] !icronutrient 0esearch (or :ptimum Health M Linus @auling Institute- +6&.- http7==Lpi-:regonstate-Edu=Infocenter=<itamins=<itaminb&+=- Kia*ses tanggal . Kesember +6&. pu*ul +6-.D $I5 [6] 5resson' Lean-Louis et al- +66A- NScientific Opinion on the Substantiation of Health Claims 0elated to <itamin 5&+ and 0ed 5lood ell (ormation "IK A+' &6&#' Cell i!ision "IK A.#' "ner#y $iel%in# Metabolism "IK AA' &A6# an% &unction of the 'mmune System "IK &6;# (ursuant to Article &."&# of )e#ulation "E# No &A+3=+669&O- E()A Lournal ;"A#7&3 [7] Anonim- +6&.- 0ed 5lood ell (ormation' 0egulation of Erythropoiesis- https7==sites-google-com=---=4-red-blood-cell-formation---- "dia*ses tanggal .6 :*tober +6&.' jam &;-4& $I5# [8] (arabee' !- L- +6&6- The Cell Cycle- http7==111+-estrellamountain-edu=---=biob*=bioboo*mito-html - Kia*ses tanggal .6 :*tober +6&. pu*ul &;-4& $I5 [9] $i1anit*it' <iroj- +66;- Tropical Anemia- Ne1 ,or*- No%a )cience @ublisher' Inc Pul*arnain J )etia1an- +66;- Q!alaria 5eratR' in Bu*u A+ar 'lmu (enya*it alam ,ili% ''''ed- )udoyo' )etiyohadi' Al1i' )imadibrata' )etiati- La*arta7 @usat @enerbitan Kepartemen Ilmu @enya*it Kalam (F EI- (a1cett' Kon $- &AA3- A Te-t Boo* of Histolo#y- Ne1 ,or*7 hapman J Hall' Inc Neurobion )@- +6&.- Summary of (ro%uct Characteristics- http:..///.papaloi0ou.com.(ublicocs(&.S(Cs.1eurobion2S(C.p%f. Kia*ses tanggal .6 :*tober +6&. pu*ul &A4+ $I5