MRS 11 - 30 Asphalt

Main Roads
Standard Specification

Dense Graded Asphalt
Pavements

MRS11.30
December 06

COPYRIGHT
State of Queensland (Department of Main Roads) 2006
Copyright protects this publication. Except for the purposes permitted by and subject to the conditions
prescribed under the Copyright Act, reproduction by any means (including electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, microcopying or otherwise) is prohibited without the prior written permission of the
Queensland Department of Main Roads. Enquiries regarding such permission should be directed to the Road
& Delivery Performance Division, Queensland Department of Main Roads.

DISCLAIMER
This publication has been created for use in the design, construction, maintenance and operation of road
transport infrastructure in Queensland by or on behalf of the State of Queensland.
The State of Queensland and the Department of Main Roads give no warranties as to the completeness,
accuracy or adequacy of the publication or any parts of it and accepts no responsibility or liability upon any
basis whatever for anything contained in or omitted from the publication or for the consequences of the use
or misuse of the publication or any parts of it.
If the publication or any part of it forms part of a written contract between the State of Queensland and a
contractor, this disclaimer applies subject to the express terms of that contract.

December 06
Department of Main Roads MRS11.30
Standard Specification Dense Graded Asphalt Pavements

Page i of ii
MRS11.30
December 06

Table of Contents
Page
1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................1
2 MEASUREMENT OF WORK ..................................................................................................................1
2.1 Standard Work Items..........................................................................................................................1
2.2 Work Operations................................................................................................................................1
2.3 Calculation of Quantities....................................................................................................................2
2.3.1 Preparation of the Existing Surface............................................................................................2
2.3.2 Tack Coat...................................................................................................................................2
2.3.3 Dense graded Asphalt Pavements..............................................................................................2
3 DEFINITION OF TERMS.........................................................................................................................2
4 STANDARD TEST METHODS...............................................................................................................2
5 QUALITY SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS..................................................................................................2
5.1 Hold Points, Witness Points and Milestones......................................................................................2
5.2 Construction Procedures.....................................................................................................................3
5.3 Conformance Requirements...............................................................................................................3
5.4 Testing Frequency..............................................................................................................................3
6 CONDITIONS FOR MANUFACTURE AND LAYING OF ASPHALT.................................................4
6.1 General ...............................................................................................................................................4
6.2 Manufacture........................................................................................................................................4
6.3 Laying and Compacting Mix..............................................................................................................5
7 QUARRY ASSESSMENT AND CERTIFICATION................................................................................6
8 APPROVED MIX DESIGN......................................................................................................................6
8.1 Design Responsibility.........................................................................................................................6
8.2 Constituent Material Requirements....................................................................................................6
8.2.1 General .......................................................................................................................................6
8.2.2 Coarse Aggregate.......................................................................................................................6
8.2.3 Fine Aggregate...........................................................................................................................6
8.2.4 Filler...........................................................................................................................................6
8.2.5 Binder.........................................................................................................................................7
8.2.6 Additive......................................................................................................................................7
8.3 Design Criteria...................................................................................................................................7
8.3.1 Grading.......................................................................................................................................7
8.3.2 Binder Content...........................................................................................................................7
8.3.3 Mix Properties............................................................................................................................7
8.4 Mix Design Assessment and Approval ..............................................................................................8
8.4.1 Processes for Assessment and Approval ....................................................................................8
8.4.2 Submission by the Manufacturer................................................................................................8
8.5 Approval of Proposed Mix Design.....................................................................................................8
9 MATERIAL AND PRODUCTION ASPHALT COMPLIANCE.............................................................9
9.1 General ...............................................................................................................................................9
9.2 Lot Sizes.............................................................................................................................................9
9.3 Sampling and Testing.........................................................................................................................9
9.4 Conformance Requirements.............................................................................................................10
10 CONSTRUCTION...............................................................................................................................10
10.1 Construction Procedure....................................................................................................................10
10.2 Process Requirements.......................................................................................................................10
10.2.1 Storage of Asphalt....................................................................................................................10
MRS11.30 Department of Main Roads
Dense Graded Asphalt Pavements Standard Specification

Page ii of ii
MRS11.30
December 06

10.2.2 Loading of Delivery Vehicles.................................................................................................. 10
10.2.3 Delivery of Asphalt to the Works............................................................................................ 10
10.2.4 Preparation of the Existing Surface......................................................................................... 11
10.2.5 Tack Coating............................................................................................................................ 12
10.2.6 Laying of Asphalt.................................................................................................................... 12
10.2.7 Compaction.............................................................................................................................. 14
10.2.8 J oints........................................................................................................................................ 15
10.2.9 Temporary Ramps................................................................................................................... 16
10.2.10 Surface Correction................................................................................................................... 16
10.2.11 Surface Finish.......................................................................................................................... 16
10.2.12 Clean Up.................................................................................................................................. 16
10.3 Product Standards............................................................................................................................ 16
10.3.1 Compaction Standard............................................................................................................... 16
10.3.2 Geometrics............................................................................................................................... 17
11 CONSTRUCTION COMPLIANCE TESTING.................................................................................. 18
11.1 General............................................................................................................................................. 18
11.2 Testing Frequency........................................................................................................................... 18
11.3 Geometrics....................................................................................................................................... 18
11.4 Compaction...................................................................................................................................... 18
11.5 Surface Evenness............................................................................................................................. 19
12 UTILISATION OF A REJ ECTED LOT FOR A REDUCED LEVEL OF SERVICE....................... 19
12.1 Production Asphalt.......................................................................................................................... 19
12.1.1 Assessment of a Production Lot.............................................................................................. 19
12.1.2 Calculation of Defects for a Production Lot............................................................................ 20
12.1.3 Determination of the Reduced Value....................................................................................... 20
12.2 Placement......................................................................................................................................... 20
12.2.1 Assessment of a Pavement Lot................................................................................................ 20
12.2.2 Compaction Standard............................................................................................................... 20
12.2.3 Surface Evenness..................................................................................................................... 20
12.2.4 Determination of the Reduced Value....................................................................................... 21
12.3 Application of the Reduced Payments............................................................................................. 21
13 ADDITIONAL PAYMENT FOR A HIGHER STANDARD OF SURFACE EVENNESS.............. 21
13.1 General............................................................................................................................................. 21
13.2 Payment........................................................................................................................................... 22

Page 1 of 22
MRS11.30
December 06

Dense Graded Asphalt Pavements
1 INTRODUCTION
This specification applies to the construction of
dense graded asphalt road pavements.
This specification shall be read in conjunction
with Standard Specifications MRS11.01
Introduction to Standard Specifications,
MRS11.50 Specific Quality System Requirements
and other specifications as appropriate.
This specification forms part of the Standard
Specifications Roads Manual.
2 MEASUREMENT OF WORK
2.1 Standard Work Items
In accordance with the provisions of Clause 2 of
MRS11.01 Introduction to Standard
Specifications, the standard work items covered
by this specification are listed in Table 1.
2.2 Work Operations
Item 5401 Preparation of the existing surface
Work Operations incorporated in the above item
include:
a) Work Operations listed in Clause 2.2.5 of
Specifications;
b) Cutting back existing adjoining pavement
to a vertical face;
c) Cleaning/sweeping the existing surface; and
d) Treatment of surface imperfections.
Item 5402P Crack filling (Provisional
Quantity)
include:
Specifications;
b) Supply of sealant; and
c) Filling of cracks.
Item 5403P Stress absorbing fabric strips
(Provisional Quantity)
include:
Specifications;
b) Supply of all materials;
c) Preparing existing surfaces;
d) Applying bituminous emulsion; and
e) Laying and rolling fabric.
Table 1 Standard Work Items
Standard Item
No.
Description Unit
Preparation for Asphalt Pavements
5401 Preparation of the existing surface m
2

5402P Crack filling (Provisional Quantity) m
5403P Stress absorbing fabric strips (Provisional Quantity) m
5404 Tack coat [application rate] litres/m
2
, residual bitumen litre
5405 Dense graded asphalt corrector course, DG [nominal size] mix tonne
Dense Graded Asphalt Pavements
5501 Dense graded asphalt pavement, DG7 mix tonne

Page 2 of 22
MRS11.30
December 06

Item 5404 Tack coat, [application rate]
litres/m
2
, residual bitumen
include:
Specifications; and
b) Supply and application of tack coat.
Item 5405 Dense graded asphalt corrector
course, DG [nominal size] mix
Item 5501 Dense graded asphalt pavement,
DG7 mix
DG10 mix
DG14 mix
DG20 mix
DG28 mix
Work Operations incorporated in the above items
include:
a) Work operations listed in Clause 2.2.5 of
Specifications;
b) Being registered as an approved asphalt
manufacturer or engaging a subcontractor
who is registered as an approved asphalt
manufacturer;
c) Manufacture of the dense graded asphalt in
accordance with the approved mix design;
d) Delivery of the dense graded asphalt to the
Works;
e) Being registered as an approved asphalt
paving organisation or engaging a
registered asphalt paving organisation;
f) Laying, compacting and finishing any
corrector course;
g) Laying, compacting and finishing the
production asphalt;
h) Providing an allowance for production
asphalt used in temporary ramps and
asphalt lost from cutoffs from joints; and
i) Provision of a laboratory and compliance
testing facilities.
2.3 Calculation of Quantities
2.3.1 Preparation of the Existing Surface
The preparation of the existing surface shall be
measured as the area over which the asphalt is
laid.
2.3.2 Tack Coat
The quantity of the tack coat, as residual bitumen
at 15C, shall be determined from the area on
which the tack coat is placed and the application
rate stated in Clause 1 of Annexure MRS11.30.1.
2.3.3 Dense graded Asphalt Pavements
The quantity of asphalt shall be determined from
the tally of the weighbridge dockets of the
delivered asphalt less the quantity of asphalt
which does not remain in the Works (such as
asphalt in temporary ramps, cut off joints) and
that remaining on or in the Construction Plant and
less any amount of asphalt placed outside
tolerance but accepted to remain in the Works by
the Superintendent.
3 DEFINITION OF TERMS
The terms used in this specification shall be as
defined in Table 2. Further definitions are
referenced by Clause 3 of MRS11.01 Introduction
to Standard Specifications.
4 STANDARD TEST METHODS
The standard test methods listed in Table 3 shall
be used in this Specification.
Further details of test numbers and test
descriptions are given in Clause 4 of MRS11.01
Introduction to Standard Specifications.
5 QUALITY SYSTEM
REQUIREMENTS
5.1 Hold Points, Witness Points and
Milestones
General requirements for Hold Points, Witness
Points and Milestones are specified in Clause 5 of
Specifications.
The Hold Points, Witness Points and Milestones
applicable to this specification are summarised in
Table 4.

Page 3 of 22
MRS11.30
December 06

Table 2 Definition of Terms
Term Definition
added filler
A filler component which is independently added to the mix at a specified
proportion. It may be an imported filler (e.g. fly ash, hydrated lime) or a reclaimed
filler (e.g. baghouse dust).
approved asphalt
manufacturer
An organisation which has current registration as an approved asphalt supplier
for asphalt manufacture.
approved asphalt
paving organisation
An organisation which has current registration as an approved asphalt supplier
for asphalt paving.
approved design binder
content
The binder content of the approved mix design.
approved design
grading
The combined aggregate/filler particle size distribution of the approved mix
design.
approved mix design
The mix design, of a particular nominal size of dense graded asphalt, which has
been submitted by a manufacturer and approved by Main Roads.
dense graded asphalt
A processed mixture of bituminous binder, mineral aggregate and filler with or
without additives, which is mixed, stored, delivered, laid and compacted while
hot, in accordance with this specification. Dense graded asphalt may also be
known as asphalt, asphaltic concrete, bituminous concrete, bituminous mix or hot
mix.
manufacturer
An organisation which has the necessary plant and equipment to manufacture
dense graded asphalt to this specification.
mix design
The design of an asphalt mix of a particular nominal size comprising the type and
proportions of the constituent materials.
mix design approval
Written notification issued by Main Roads to a manufacturer approving a
proposed mix design.
mix design approval
certificate
A certificate issued by Main Roads to a manufacturer confirming that the
manufacturer has an approved design for a particular mix.
production asphalt
The dense graded asphalt, produced at the asphalt plant by the approved
asphalt manufacturer using the approved mix design, for use in work under the
Contract.
proposed mix design
A mix design for dense graded asphalt in a particular nominal size submitted by
a manufacturer for approval.
structural course
Pavement course, other than a surfacing course, which contributes to the
strength of the pavement.
surfacing course Pavement course which will be directly trafficked by vehicles.
5.2 Construction Procedures
The Contractor shall prepare documented
procedures for all construction processes as
defined in Clause 5 of MRS11.50 Specific Quality
System Requirements.
Procedures for those activities listed in Table 5
shall be submitted to the Superintendent in
accordance with Clause 5 of MRS11.50 Specific
Quality System Requirements.
5.3 Conformance Requirements
The conformance requirements which apply to
lots of dense graded asphalt covered by this
specification are summarised in Clauses 9 and 11.
5.4 Testing Frequency
The minimum testing frequencies for work
covered by this specification are specified in
Clauses 9.3 and 11.2.


Page 4 of 22
MRS11.30
December 06

Table 3 Standard Test Methods
Property to be Tested Test No.
AGGREGATE
Sample preparation Q101
Particle size distribution Q103B
Flakiness index Q201A
Polished aggregate friction
value
Q203
Ten percent fines value (wet) Q205B
Wet / dry strength variation Q205C
Degradation factor Q208B
Water absorption Q214B
Crushed particles Q215
Weak particles Q217
FILLER
Voids in dry compacted filler AS 1141.17
ASPHALT
Sampling and preparation Q301
Coring
Q302A
Q302B
Preparation of core samples Q303A
Preparation of asphalt mix from
a core sample
Q303B
Stability and flow Q305
Compacted density
Q306A
Q306C
Q306E
Maximum density Q307A
Binder content and aggregate
grading
Q308A
Q308D
Tolerance mix preparation and
testing
Q309
Voids calculations for
compacted asphalt
Q311
Relative compaction Q314
Surface evenness Q708
Three metre straightedge Q712
6 CONDITIONS FOR
MANUFACTURE AND LAYING OF
ASPHALT
6.1 General
Dense graded asphalt shall be manufactured
and/or laid and compacted only by an approved
asphalt supplier. The criteria for registration as an
asphalt supplier include the following in addition
to the relevant requirements of Clauses 6.2 and
6.3:
a) expertise of staff;
b) management systems, including a quality
management system that is certified against
the requirements of AS 9001: 2000 or
against the requirements of a recognised
construction industry based scheme;
c) assessment of performance of the asphalt
manufacturer following each project
involving more than 2000 tonnes of asphalt.
Registration as an approved asphalt supplier is
generally reviewed each 3 years, or earlier if
necessitated by conditions imposed in the terms of
registration, or if unsatisfactory performance is
reported.
For information regarding approval status refer
to
Queensland Department of Main Roads
Road and Delivery Performance Division
35 Butterfield Street
Herston Qld 4006
6.2 Manufacture
The criteria for registration as an approved asphalt
manufacturer include the following in addition to
the requirements of Clause 6.1:
a) procedures for planning of processes and of
inspection and testing activities that are
acceptable to the superintendent for
purposes of manufacture of asphalt in
accordance with this specification;
b) quality control arrangements, including
analysis of measurement and test data and
management of the variation inherent in the
constituent materials and in the process for
manufacture of asphalt;
c) demonstration of capability to manufacture
asphalt that consistently complies with the
details of approved asphalt mix design in
accordance with Clauses 8 and 9;

Page 5 of 22
MRS11.30
December 06

Table 4 Hold Points, Witness Points and Milestones
Clause Hold Point Witness Point Milestone
6.2
1 Asphalt mix design
acceptance
Asphalt mix design approval
certificate submitted
8.4.2 Approved mix design
9.3 Testing of production asphalt
10.1
2 Acceptance of paving
procedure

Submit paving procedure
10.2.1 Storage of asphalt
10.2.2 Loading of asphalt
10.2.4.1 Surface preparation
10.2.4.3 3 Extent of crack filling
10.2.4.4
4 Extent of stress
absorbing fabric strips

10.2.5 Application of tack coat
10.2.6.1 5 Paving operations
10.2.6.6
Temperature of asphalt
discharged to hopper

10.2.6.11
6 Compaction tests on
trial run
Trial of paving procedure
10.2.10
7 Areas for corrector
course

10.3.2.3.3
8 Referring overlay
design to the Principal

d) provision of inspection and test data that
demonstrates compliance of the asphalt mix
and of its various constituent materials with
the requirements of all relevant
specifications.
The approved asphalt manufacturer shall obtain an
approved mix design in accordance with Clause 8.
The mix design approval may predate the
Contract provided that it remains current at the
time of supply of production asphalt under the
Contract.
Alternatively, the asphalt manufacturer may elect
to obtain an approved mix design for the relevant
nominal size of dense graded asphalt to be
manufactured under the Contract, in accordance
with Clause 8, before the date for supply of
production asphalt.
Table 5 Construction Procedures
Clause Procedure
10.1 Asphalt Pavement Construction
At least 7 days before production asphalt is
required to be produced, the Contractor shall
submit to the Superintendent the identity and
address of the proposed asphalt manufacturer and
a copy of the mix design approval certificate of
the mix proposed for the job Milestone.
Production asphalt shall not be delivered to the
Works until written acceptance of the mix design
has been obtained from the Superintendent
Hold Point 1.
6.3 Laying and Compacting Mix
The criteria for registration as an approved asphalt
paving organisation include the following in
addition to the requirements of Clause 6.1:
a) procedures for planning of processes and of
inspection and testing activities that are
acceptable to the superintendent for laying
and compacting of asphalt in accordance
with this specification;
b) quality control arrangements, including
analysis of measurement and test data and

Page 6 of 22
MRS11.30
December 06

management of the variation inherent in the
process for laying and compacting asphalt;
c) demonstration of capability to lay and
compact asphalt that consistently complies
with the details of approved asphalt mix
design in accordance with Clauses 10 and
11; and
d) provision of inspection and test data that
demonstrates compliance of the compacted
asphalt with the requirements of all relevant
specifications.
7 QUARRY ASSESSMENT AND
CERTIFICATION
A quarry assessment shall be undertaken and
Main Roads certification obtained (or current
Main Roads certification held) for asphalt
application for any quarry from which the coarse
aggregate of an asphalt mix is to be supplied.
The quarry assessment and certification shall be
conducted in accordance with Main Roads
Engineering Policy number EP108 Quarry
Assessment and Certification.
The manufacturer shall forward a Main Roads
Quarry Assessment Certificate for each source of
coarse aggregate with the manufacturers
submission as specified in Clause 8.4.2.
8 APPROVED MIX DESIGN
8.1 Design Responsibility
The manufacturer shall be responsible for
development of the approved design to comply
with the requirements of Clauses 8.2 and 8.3.
8.2 Constituent Material Requirements
8.2.1 General
The asphalt mix shall incorporate coarse
aggregate, fine aggregate, filler, added filler and
binder complying with the requirements of
Clauses 8.2.2 to 8.2.5 and shall be designed in
accordance with the requirements specified in
Clause 8.3.
8.2.2 Coarse Aggregate
Coarse aggregate shall consist of crushed rock or
crushed gravel particles 4.75mm size or larger.
The aggregate shall be clean, hard, angular,
durable, and free from laminated particles, clay
and other aggregations of fine material, soil,
organic matter and any other deleterious material.
The combined coarse aggregate shall have the
properties given in Table 6.
Table 6 Coarse Aggregate Properties
Property Limit Value
Flakiness Index Maximum 30
Ten Percent Fines
Value (Wet) (kN)
Minimum 150
Wet / Dry Strength
Variation (%)
Maximum 35
Degradation Factor Minimum 40
Water Absorption (%) Maximum 2
1

Crushed Particles (%) Minimum 80
Weak Particles (%) Maximum 1
Polished Aggregate
Friction Value
Minimum 45
2

Table Notes:
1
For aggregate with water absorption between 2% and
2.5%, projectspecific approval may be granted provided
that, in the opinion of the Superintendent, a history of
satisfactory performance has been demonstrated and
suitable adjustments to the mix properties have been
made.
2
Wearing course aggregate only.
For Greenstone source material only
(Metamorphic Group), if the Greenstone does not
comply with the specified maximum Wet/Dry
Strength Variation limit, it may be used provided
that its Ten Percent Fines Value (Wet) is at least
210 kN.
Where aggregates are blended to achieve the
minimum limit for polished aggregate friction
value, the requirements set out in the Main Roads
publication MGG02 Guide for the Use of Coarse
Aggregate Blends in Asphalt Mix Designs shall
apply.
8.2.3 Fine Aggregate
Fine aggregate shall consist of natural sand
particles and/or crushed rock or crushed gravel
particles of size smaller than 4.75mm but larger
than 0.075 mm.
The aggregate shall be clean, hard, durable, and
free from clay and other aggregations of fine
material, soil, organic matter and any other
deleterious material.
8.2.4 Filler
Filler shall consist of natural sand particles and/or
crushed rock or crushed gravel particles and

Page 7 of 22
MRS11.30
December 06

added filler and shall have particle size smaller
than 0.075mm.
The combined filler shall be free from lumps,
clay, organic matter and any other deleterious
material. The combined filler shall exhibit voids
in the dry compacted filler of not less than 38%.
The added filler content shall be not less than 2%
by mass of the mix.
8.2.5 Binder
Unless stated otherwise in Clause 2 of Annexure
MRS11.30.1, Class 320 bitumen shall be used as a
binder in dense graded asphalt.
Binder shall comply with the requirements of
MRS11.17 Bitumen or MRS11.18 Polymer
Modified Binder as appropriate.
8.2.6 Additive
An additive may be proposed provided that full
details of the type of additive are provided and the
mix design standards of Clause 8.3 are attained.
8.3 Design Criteria
8.3.1 Grading
The grading of the combined mineral aggregates
and added filler shall be such that it complies with
the requirements shown in Table 7.
The grading curve shall be smooth and shall not
vary from the outer one third of the range between
the specified limits for one sieve size to the
opposite outer one third of the range between the
specified limits for an adjacent sieve size.
8.3.2 Binder Content
The binder content of the mix shall be such as to
produce the design requirements specified in
Table 8.
8.3.3 Mix Properties
The manufacturer shall use the Marshall method
of design to produce a mix design which satisfies
the property requirements specified in Table 8 for
the design mix and for mixes prepared with the
maximum permitted variations specified in Table
9 applied to the grading and binder content.

Table 7 Grading Limits for Combined Aggregate and Filler
Percentage Passing by Mass
Asphalt Nominal Size (mm)
AS Sieve Size
(mm)
DG7 DG10 DG14 DG20 DG28
37.5 100
26.5 100 90100
19.0 100 90100 7690
13.2 100 90100 7286 6480
9.5 100 90100 6882 6076 5571
6.7 90100 6680
4.75 6882 4662 4258 4158 4056
2.36 4458 2842 2842 2842 2842
1.18 2941 1931 1931 1931 1931
0.60 2232 1323 1323 1323 1323
0.30 1220 917 917 917 917
0.15 713 611 611 611 611
0.075 48 47 47 47 47


Page 8 of 22
MRS11.30
December 06

Table 8 Asphalt Design Requirements
Value
Asphalt Nominal Size (mm) Property Unit Limit
DG7 DG10 DG14 DG20 DG28
Number of Marshall
blows
50 50 50 50 50
Stability kN Minimum 6.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5
Flow mm Minimum 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Stiffness kN/mm Minimum 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Minimum 15.0 14.0 13.0 12.5 12.0
Voids in the mineral
aggregate (VMA)
%
Maximum 19.0 18.0 17.0 16.5 16.0
Minimum 58 58 58 58 58
Voids filled with
binder (VFB)
%
Maximum 78 78 78 78 78
Maximum density t/m
3

Table Notes:
Stiffness of the mix = Stability To be recorded for control purposes
Flow

8.4 Mix Design Assessment and
Approval
8.4.1 Processes for Assessment and
Approval
The requirements for submission of proposed mix
design details and samples of the constituent
materials, and the processes for assessment and
approval of a mix design are defined in the system
for establishing and maintaining a register of
approved asphalt suppliers.
8.4.2 Submission by the Manufacturer
The Manufacturer shall submit to Main Roads for
approval the following:
a) a statement detailing the combined
aggregate/filler grading and binder content
of the proposed mix design, the source and
proportion of each constituent material in
the proposed mix design, and the grading of
each aggregate and filler component of the
proposed mix design;
b) samples of the constituent materials in the
proposed mix design; and
c) details of the type of additive, if any, and its
proportion within the mix.
The samples shall be provided at the
manufacturer's expense and shall be delivered by
the manufacturer to the following address
Queensland Department of Main Roads
Road and Delivery Performance Division
35 Butterfield Street
Herston Qld 4006
At least 28 days shall be allowed by the
Contractor to be advised in writing whether or not
the submitted mix design is approved. An
additional 14 days shall be allowed for each
additional mix submitted concurrently Milestone.
8.5 Approval of Proposed Mix Design
Provided that the manufacturer's samples of
constituent materials, the mix design composition
and the properties of the tolerance mixes comply
with the requirements specified herein, the
proposed mix design will be approved and will be
termed the approved mix design.
The combined aggregate/filler grading of the
approved mix design will be termed the approved
design grading and the binder content of the
approved mix design will be termed the approved
design binder content.
The manufacturer will be advised in writing of the
approval of the proposed mix design and will be
issued with a mix design approval certificate

Page 9 of 22
MRS11.30
December 06

which will also give the maximum permitted
variations for the mix in accordance with Table 9.
Table 9 Maximum Permitted Variations from the
Approved Mix Design
AS Sieve Size (mm)
Maximum Permitted
Variation (% by mass)
9.5 7
6.7 6
4.75 6
2.36 5
1.18 4
0.60 4
0.30 3
0.15 2
0.075 1
Other Properties:
Binder Content (%)
0.3
9 MATERIAL AND PRODUCTION
ASPHALT COMPLIANCE
9.1 General
Notwithstanding the requirements herein specified
for the production asphalt to be manufactured by
an approved asphalt manufacturer, the Contractor
shall take full responsibility for the mix design,
manufacture, supply and laying of dense graded
asphalt under the Contract.
Added filler shall be introduced independently at
a point in the manufacturing process which
ensures thorough mixing with minimal loss of
material.
The proportions of the constituent materials used
in the manufacture of the mix shall comply with
the requirements of Table 10.
The Contractor is responsible for carrying out
sufficient testing to ensure that all production
asphalt complies with the requirements of this
specification.
9.2 Lot Sizes
A production lot shall be a portion of production
asphalt of the same nominal size manufactured
and supplied from the same plant to the same
approved mix design, and of not greater than one
days production. Where daily production exceeds
500 tonnes, the maximum lot size shall be half of
the daily production.
Table 10 Constituent Proportion Limits for
Production Mix
Constituent Limit
For each constituent:
20% of the approved proportion
up to a maximum of 5% absolute
Coarse
aggregate
For the total coarse aggregate
proportion (>5 mm nominal size):
5% absolute
For each constituent:
Fine
aggregate
up to a maximum of 5% absolute
For each constituent filler
proportion and for the total added
filler proportion:
Added filler
or 0.5% absolute, whichever is
the greater
Table Note:
Where any of the above values are exceeded, the mix
design approval may remain current, subject to the
approval of the Superintendent, provided that the
constituent proportions are reviewed and the production
mix confirms design property compliance (Marshall). Where
such compliance is not confirmed, the mix design shall be
resubmitted for approval.
9.3 Sampling and Testing
Compliance testing of the production asphalt shall
be undertaken for each lot.
Samples for compliance testing shall be taken
from fresh production asphalt at the asphalt plant.
Two samples shall be taken from each production
lot in accordance with Test Method Q301. The
first sample shall be taken from within the first
40% of asphalt produced for the lot, and the
second from within the last 40% of asphalt
produced for the lot. These samples shall be
deemed to be representative of the asphalt in the
lot.
Each sample shall be tested in accordance with
Test Methods Q307A and Q308A for compliance
with the approved design grading, approved
design binder content and the maximum density
of the approved mix design Witness Point.
The Superintendent may select samples from
trucks on Site for audit testing. Sampling shall be
undertaken in the presence of the Contractor and
in accordance with all relevant Workplace Health
and Safety requirements.

Page 10 of 22
MRS11.30
December 06

Testing shall be performed in a laboratory which
is NATA registered for these tests.
9.4 Conformance Requirements
Each sample of production asphalt shall be
assessed for compliance with the approved design
grading, approved design binder content and the
maximum density of the approved mix design.
The grading and binder content of the production
asphalt shall lie within the limits given in Table 9
of the approved design grading and approved
design binder content respectively.
The average maximum density of a production lot
shall be the arithmetic mean of the individual
maximum densities of each sample from the lot.
The average maximum density of a production lot
shall generally remain within the maximum
density range of the tolerance mixes and each
individual result shall remain within that range
0.020 t/m
3
.
The manufacturer shall not substitute other
materials for any of the constituent materials in
the approved mix design. Additives shall not be
used in the production asphalt unless they were
present in the approved mix design.
10 CONSTRUCTION
10.1 Construction Procedure
At least 7 days prior to commencement of paving,
the Contractor shall submit the identity and
address of the approved asphalt paving
organisation (where not the Contractor) and the
procedure for paving operations detailing at least
the following Milestone :
a) all equipment to be used in spreading and
compacting the asphalt;
b) laying program and rolling pattern;
c) details of any required preliminary trial;
and
d) inspection and test plan.
Paving operations shall not commence until the
procedure is accepted by the Superintendent
Hold Point 2.
10.2 Process Requirements
10.2.1 Storage of Asphalt
Production asphalt may be stored prior to delivery
to the Works, provided that the following
requirements are observed Witness Point :
a) The asphalt is consigned to, deposited in
and discharged from the storage bin in a
manner which prevents segregation of the
asphalt;
b) The storage bins are adequately insulated
and/or heated so as to maintain an
essentially uniform temperature between
135C and 175C throughout the stored
asphalt. Where a binder other than Class
320 bitumen is a constituent material in the
approved mix design, these storage
temperatures may be varied subject to the
approval of the Superintendent; and
c) The storage time does not exceed 48 hours.
10.2.2 Loading of Delivery Vehicles
The loading of asphalt into the delivery vehicles
shall be carried out in a manner which effectively
prevents segregation of the asphalt occurring
Witness Point.
The loaded asphalt shall, on visual inspection,
appear uniform in texture, with all particles
completely covered with binder.
The temperature of the loaded asphalt shall not
exceed 175C and there shall be no foaming or
other evidence of a moisture content of the asphalt
greater than 1.5% by mass. Where a binder other
than Class 320 bitumen is a constituent material in
the approved mix design, the maximum
temperature of the loaded asphalt may be varied
subject to the approval of the Superintendent.
Loaded asphalt which does not comply with the
above requirements shall not be delivered to the
Works.
10.2.3 Delivery of Asphalt to the Works
The asphalt shall be delivered to the Works in
vehicles equipped with leakproof, spillproof,
metal tipping trays.
Prior to loading, the inside surfaces of the tipping
tray shall be cleaned to remove all foreign matter
and then coated with a thin film of an approved
release agent to prevent adhesion of the asphalt to
the tray surfaces.
The load shall be covered with a heavy cover,
made from canvas or similar material, to minimise
heat loss and to provide protection against wetting
by rain or other contamination.
Delivery shall be undertaken as expeditiously as
possible. If the asphalt is transported over long
distances or if the ambient air temperature is low,

Page 11 of 22
MRS11.30
December 06

the tipping tray shall be suitably insulated to
further minimise heat loss.
The loadcarrying capacity of delivery vehicles
shall be not less than 6 tonnes. All loads of asphalt
shall be in accordance with the legal load limit of
the vehicle.
The asphalt shall be delivered at a rate which, as
far as is practicable, permits continuous operation
of the paver.
Delivery vehicles shall be fitted with an adjustable
tailgate or conveyor which allows adequate
control of the discharge of the asphalt into the
receiving hopper of the paver. Alternatively, a
material transfer vehicle may be used.
The alignment of the paver shall not be adversely
affected by the delivery operation.
All deliveries of asphalt shall be accompanied by
the following documentation:
a) a docket from a certified weighbridge,
stating the mass of asphalt in the delivery
vehicle; and
b) a docket from the asphalt plant identifying
the delivery vehicle, and stating the time of
loading of the asphalt and the temperature
of the asphalt at the time of loading.
A copy of all dockets shall be provided to the
Superintendent.
10.2.4 Preparation of the Existing Surface
10.2.4.1 General
The Contractor shall carry out the preparation
work detailed in Clauses 10.2.4.2 to 10.2.4.5
inclusive on existing surfaces on or against which
the asphalt is to be placed Witness Point.
10.2.4.2 Preparation
The surface of the pavement base/bridge deck or
existing substrate shall be dry, and shall be
thoroughly swept using a rotary broom to remove
any loose material or other deleterious material
which may be present. Any deleterious material
which still adheres to the surface after sweeping
shall be removed by other means.
Any cracks, joints or holes in the pavement/bridge
deck shall be rectified as specified in Clause
10.2.4.3.
Frames for manhole covers, gully gratings, kerbs
and other structures shall have the joint surfaces
cleaned free of any extraneous material.
10.2.4.3 Crack Filling
In the areas shown in the Drawings or specified in
Clause 3 of Annexure MRS11.30.1, cracks greater
than 2 mm wide shall be filled prior to placement
of any corrector course, overlay or pavement
layer.
The Contractor shall mark out, in the presence of
the Superintendent, the extent of crack filling to
be carried out Hold Point 3.
Prior to filling of cracks, the existing cracks shall
be cleaned.
Cracks shall be filled level with the surrounding
surface with a polymer modified sealant approved
by the Superintendent.
10.2.4.4 Stress Absorbing Fabric Strips
In the areas shown on the Drawings or specified
in Clause 4 of Annexure MRS11.30.1, stress
absorbing fabric strips shall be applied to existing
cracks prior to placement of any corrector course,
overlay or pavement layer.
the Superintendent, the extent of the stress
absorbing fabric strips to be applied Hold Point 4.
Stress absorbing fabric strips shall be nonwoven
polypropylene fabric precoated with a rubberised
bitumen adhesive base.
Prior to application of the fabric strips, the
existing surface shall be swept clean and shall be
free of dust, grit, surface moisture and vegetation
and any cracks or joints greater than 2mm in
width shall be filled in accordance with the
requirements of Clause 10.2.4.3.
The surface to which the stress absorbing fabric is
to be applied shall be sprayed with a bituminous
emulsion tack coat at a rate of 0.25 litres/m
2

unless otherwise directed by the Superintendent.
The fabric strips shall be laid to cover a minimum
width of 250 mm (nominally 125 mm on each
side of the crack).
Placement of the fabric shall be carried out only
under the following conditions:
a) The pavement temperature is not less than
15C and rain is not likely to fall prior to
completing the installation; and
b) The pavement surface is clean and
absolutely dry.
J oints in the fabric shall be overlapped by at least
100 mm in the direction of traffic.

Page 12 of 22
MRS11.30
December 06

After placement, the fabric shall be rolled with at
least one pass of a pneumatic tyred rolled to
ensure proper adhesion. The fabric shall be placed
free of wrinkles or creases.
Traffic shall not be permitted to traverse the fabric
for at least 20 minutes after rolling.
Prior to placing the asphalt, the normal application
of bitumen emulsion tack coat shall be applied
over the stress absorbing fabric in accordance
with Clause 10.2.5.
10.2.4.5 Joining New Work to Existing Work
Existing asphalt pavements shall be cut back to
provide the following
a) a vertical surface at the joint line against
which the new asphalt is to be placed; and
b) a longitudinal taper such that the minimum
layer thickness is as specified in
Clause 10.2.6.4.
10.2.5 Tack Coating
Tack coating of existing surfaces on or against
which the asphalt is to be laid shall be carried out
as follows:
a) After surface preparation and immediately
prior to placing the asphalt, the surface
shall be uniformly covered with a fine
sprayed coat of bituminous emulsion at the
application rate given in Clause 1 of
Annexure MRS11.30.1. The bituminous
emulsion shall be allowed to break and
harden prior to laying the asphalt
Witness Point.
b) Bituminous emulsion shall comply with the
requirements of MRS11.21 Bituminous
Emulsion.
c) Warming of bituminous emulsion to not
more than the manufacturers
recommended maximum temperature
and/or dilution of the bituminous emulsion
with water may be undertaken in order to
facilitate spraying.
d) Vehicles employed to spray the bituminous
emulsion shall be in good mechanical order
and shall be fitted with a spray bar and a
calibrated dip stick.
e) Hand spraying shall be carried out only in
areas where it is impractical to employ a
spray bar.
f) Protective boards and/or covers shall be
employed as necessary to prevent overspray
beyond surfaces to be tack coated.
The contents of the bituminous emulsion tank
shall be measured with a dipstick at appropriate
intervals to determine the spray rate of the tack
coat, having due regard to the dilution of the
emulsion.
Tack coating shall not be carried out where
asphalt is to be placed on or against a stress
alleviating membrane interlayer.
If the pavement structure consists of a number of
layers of asphalt and if the elapsed time between
the construction of the pavement layers does not
exceed 3 days, tack coating of the surfaces
between the layers shall be carried out only if the
Superintendent so directs. If the elapsed time
exceeds 3 days and the delay is not a result of wet
weather or a delay caused by the Principal, tack
coating of the surfaces between the layers shall be
carried out at no cost to the Principal.
The joint surface shall however be cleaned of any
loose or other deleterious material prior to the
placement of the next layer of asphalt.
10.2.6 Laying of Asphalt
10.2.6.1 General
With the exception of those operations defined in
Clause 10.2.6.8, selfpropelled mechanical pavers
shall be employed to lay the asphalt.
Paving operations shall not commence until the
preparation of the existing surface is acceptable to
the Superintendent Hold Point 5.
10.2.6.2 Use of a Material Transfer Vehicle
Where stated in Clause 5 of Annexure
MRS11.30.1, a material transfer vehicle shall be
used for placing asphalt in conjunction with the
asphalt paving machine. The material transfer
vehicle shall be used for placing all asphalt except
for areas to be paved at ramps, tapers, turning
lanes, roundabouts of radius less than 50 meters
and other areas approved to be excluded by the
Superintendent.
The material transfer vehicle shall be a self
propelled, selfsteering, machine which will
receive hot asphalt materials from delivery
vehicles, remix and deliver those materials to an
asphalt paving machine without touching or
bumping the asphalt paving machine.

Page 13 of 22
MRS11.30
December 06

The material transfer vehicle shall be equipped
with:
a) A receiving hopper compatible with normal
delivery vehicles;
b) Conveyor mechanisms and antisegregation
devices for remixing hot asphalt materials;
c) Conveyor mechanisms capable of
delivering remixed asphalt materials to a
paving machine at a minimum rate to suit
the paver capacity and asphalt work being
carried out.
d) A minimum storage capacity of 15 tonnes;
and
e) Sufficient motor horsepower to operate
with full loads on grades up to 6% and to
travel in tandem with an asphalt paving
machine, whether directly in front or at an
offset position.
10.2.6.3 Paver Capacity
Mechanical pavers shall be capable of laying at
least 30 tonnes of asphalt per hour, unless
approved otherwise by the Superintendent
[Refer to Hold Point 2].
10.2.6.4 Layer Thickness Limits
The target thickness of each layer chosen to suit
the construction process and the thickness of the
compacted asphalt course as stated in the Contract
shall be within the limits given in Table 11.
10.2.6.5 Weather Restrictions
The surface on which the asphalt is to be placed
shall be essentially dry and free of any surface
water. Asphalt shall not be placed during periods
of heavy or continuous rain or when rain is likely
to fall during the laying and compaction of
asphalt.
Compaction of thin layers of asphalt is adversely
affected by low pavement temperatures and high
wind speed. If the pavement temperature is less
than 25C and is exceeded by the wind speed in
km/h (i.e. 20C and greater than 20 km/h, or 15C
and greater than 15 km/h etc), the Contractor shall
supply at least one additional roller and/or
increase the asphalt discharge temperature (not
exceeding the maximum discharge temperature
specified in Clause 10.2.6.6). If the characteristic
value of relative compaction specified in Clause
10.3.1 is not achieved under these conditions, no
further asphalt shall be placed Nonconformance.
Table 11 Layer Thickness Limits
Compacted Layer Thickness
(mm)
Structural
Layer
Surfacing Layer
Asphalt Mix
Nominal
Size (mm)
Min. Max. Min. Max.
DG7 20 30
1

1

DG10 25 40 30
2
40
2

DG14 40 60 45 60
DG20 50 80 50 80
DG28 70 100
1

1

Table Notes:
1
Not recommended for use for roads.
2
Not recommended for motorways or roads with a speed limit
of 100 km/h or greater
10.2.6.6 Discharge Temperatures
The maximum temperature of the asphalt at the
time of discharge from the delivery vehicle into
the receiving hopper of the paver shall be 175C.
The minimum temperature of the asphalt at the
time of discharge into the receiving hopper shall
be as specified in Table 12 Witness Point.
Table 12 Minimum Asphalt Discharge Temperature
Layer Thickness (mm)
Minimum
Temperature (C)
40 135
> 40 125
Where a binder other than Class 320 bitumen is a
constituent material in the approved mix design,
the discharge temperatures may be varied, subject
to the approval of the Superintendent.
Reheating of the delivered asphalt shall not be
permitted.
10.2.6.7 Paver Operation
Laying of the asphalt shall commence
immediately following discharge of the asphalt
into the receiving hopper. The operating speed of
the paver shall be so adjusted that, as far as is
practicable, continuous laying of the asphalt is
achieved.
The spreader box shall not be left in contact with
the previously laid asphalt for prolonged periods
whilst the paver awaits delivery of asphalt.
The asphalt shall not be allowed to segregate or to
accumulate along the sides of the receiving
hopper.

Page 14 of 22
MRS11.30
December 06

The finished mat shall have a uniform appearance
with no evidence of segregation.
The method of paver level control shall be as
given in Clause 6 of Annexure MRS11.30.1. If no
method is given in Clause 6 of Annexure
MRS11.30.1, the Contractor shall provide an
adequate method of level control for the work. A
matching shoe attachment shall be employed
when the asphalt is being laid to match the level
of previously constructed work.
If any irregularity in the laying of the asphalt
occurs, operation of the paver shall cease until the
cause of the irregularity is identified and
corrective procedures applied. If, however, the
irregularity is of a minor nature and is confined to
the surface of the laid asphalt, then, provided that
the surface has not cooled below 105C, operation
of the paver may continue and the affected areas
shall be corrected by handspreading methods.
10.2.6.8 Hand Spreading
Hand spreading of the asphalt shall be confined to
the correction of minor surface irregularities, to
work on or very close to drainage channels, to
work in tapers, and to work in other areas
normally inaccessible to pavers.
In the correction of minor surface irregularities, a
thin layer of fresh asphalt shall be placed over the
affected areas, spread evenly using board rakes,
and rolled immediately.
In areas where handspreading operations are
required, the asphalt shall be taken directly from
the receiving hopper (or other approved location),
immediately distributed into place using shovels,
and spread to the required loose depth using metal
rakes or board rakes (lutes).
Loose stones shall be removed from the surface
prior to rolling.
General broadcasting of the asphalt from shovels
shall not occur.
10.2.6.9 Removal Prior to Rolling
Any asphalt which, prior to rolling, has cooled to
a temperature lower than that specified in
Clause 10.2.7.2 or which, when laid, exhibits an
irregularity which cannot be satisfactorily
corrected, shall be removed from the Works and
replaced with fresh asphalt.
10.2.6.10 Laying Program and Rolling Pattern
Prior to commencement of the work, the
Contractor shall submit to the Superintendent a
laying program and rolling pattern which will
achieve the requirements of this specification
[Refer to Hold Point 2]. The laying pattern shall
ensure that:
a) the main paving runs are laid first;
b) the longitudinal joints are parallel to the
pavement centreline;
c) the longitudinal joints are located away
from the traffic wheel paths; and
d) where practical, longitudinal joints are
located under proposed line marking.
The rolling pattern shall be maintained for the
whole of the laying operation, or until such time
as a subsequent trial run establishes an alternative
pattern. The rolling pattern including the number
of passes of the rollers shall not be varied without
advising the Superintendent.
10.2.6.11 Preliminary Trial
If the rate of laying of the asphalt exceeds 60
tonnes/hour, the Contractor shall carry out a trial
run of the laying operations for the Works
Witness Point.
The trial section shall be located within the site
and shall be not less than 1000 m. The trial shall
determine:
a) the adequacy or otherwise of the
construction plant for the work; and
b) the rolling pattern and the number of
passes of the rollers required to produce
an acceptable compacted layer.
The Contractor shall carry out compaction tests
along the trial run, in accordance with Clause 11,
in order to determine the degree of compaction
attained Hold Point 6. If the trial does not conform
with the requirements of this Specification, a
further trial shall be undertaken.
10.2.7 Compaction
10.2.7.1 Rollers
Compaction of the asphalt shall be achieved using
approved smooth drum rollers or vibratory rollers,
and pneumatictyred rollers.
10.2.7.2 Rolling Temperatures
The minimum temperature of the asphalt at the
time of commencement of rolling shall be as
detailed in Table 13.

Page 15 of 22
MRS11.30
December 06

Table 13 Minimum Asphalt Temperature at
Commencement of Rolling
Layer Thickness
(mm)
Minimum Temperature
(C)
40 115
> 40 105
Where a binder other than Class 320 bitumen is a
constituent material in the approved mix design,
the rolling temperatures may be varied from those
given in Table 13, subject to the approval of the
Superintendent.
If the temperature of the asphalt is such that ridges
or other irregularities form due to horizontal
displacement of the asphalt under the action of the
roller, the rolling operation shall cease until such
time as the asphalt has cooled sufficiently to allow
rolling to proceed without these deficiencies
forming.
10.2.7.3 Rolling Technique
Rolling shall commence as soon as practicable
after the laying of the asphalt is under way,
consistent with the temperature limitations
detailed in Clause 10.2.7.2.
The first (breakdown) pass of the roller shall be
undertaken using a smooth drum roller or a
vibratory roller, usually with the vibrator
disengaged.
However, if a rolling pattern trial, as provided for
in Clause 10.2.6.11 establishes correct compaction
and finished shape with the first (breakdown) pass
of the vibratory roller in the vibrating mode,
rolling may proceed on this basis providing no
adverse displacement or cracking of the asphalt
occurs. The driving wheels shall lead during the
first pass.
Intermediate rolling shall be undertaken using a
pneumatictyred roller or a vibratory roller.
Final rolling shall be undertaken using a smooth
drum roller or a vibratory roller with the vibrator
disengaged.
Tyre pressures on pneumatictyred rollers shall be
maintained within the roller manufacturer's
recommended limits.
Transverse joints, longitudinal joints and edges
shall be rolled first, in sequential order. Rolling
shall then proceed longitudinally using the defined
pattern, as specified in Clauses 10.2.6.10 and
10.2.6.11.
On thick layers, greater than 75 mm compacted
thickness, the first (breakdown) pass shall
commence approximately 300 mm in from the
unsupported edge and progress inwards. The outer
300 mm zone shall then be compacted by
advancing outwards from the edge of the first pass
towards the unsupported edge in 100 mm
increments.
When carrying out this operation, care shall be
taken to ensure that the rolling is delayed
sufficiently to minimise displacement of the
asphalt, but not sufficiently to allow the asphalt to
cool below the minimum rolling temperatures
specified in Clause 10.2.7.2.
Smooth drum rollers and vibratory rollers shall be
operated at a steady speed not exceeding 5 km/h.
Pneumatictyred rollers shall operate at a speed of
approximately 2.5 km/h for the first pass,
increasing in speed by 2.5 km/h for each
subsequent pass, up to a maximum speed of 15
km/h.
Care shall be taken to avoid abrupt stops and
starts which displace partially compacted asphalt.
Vibratory rollers shall have the vibrator
disengaged during any change in direction of
movement of the roller, and whilst the roller is
stationary.
Rollers shall not remain stationary on the newly
compacted asphalt.
10.2.7.4 Tamping of Asphalt
Mechanical tamping (other than that provided by
the operation of the paver) and hand tamping of
the asphalt shall be employed only in those
locations which are either inaccessible to or
prohibited to rollers.
10.2.8 Joints
The laying program specified in Clause 10.2.6.10
shall be such as to keep the number of joints,
transverse and longitudinal, to a minimum.
J oints shall be provided as follows:
a) transversely, after the completion of a
day's paving operations or where a delay
in the laying operation allows the
previously laid asphalt to cool below the
minimum rolling temperature specified in
Clause 10.2.7.2; and
b) longitudinally, if the width of the
pavement is such that more than one
paving run is necessary.

Page 16 of 22
MRS11.30
December 06

Except where asphalt has been placed over a
strain alleviating membrane interlayer, joints shall
be formed by cutting back broken material or
other deformities to the extent that the previously
laid asphalt complies with the specified
requirements for compaction and geometric
tolerances as specified in Clause 10.3.
Machinecutting or handcutting methods may be
employed to effect the joint. All joints shall be
finished clean and straight, and normal to the
finished surface of the pavement.
In multiple layer work, the joints in successive
layers shall be offset by at least 100 mm, except
for longitudinal joints on a crowned pavement.
The cut face shall be tackcoated with bituminous
emulsion, as specified in Clause 10.2.5, prior to
laying the adjoining run.
The adjoining run shall be laid with the
uncompacted asphalt overlapping the previously
laid run by between 25 mm and 75 mm. Prior to
rolling, the overlapping material shall be pushed
back to the line of the joint to form a ridge along
the edge of the newly laid asphalt. Care shall be
taken to remove and discard from the Works
excessive amounts of the overlapping material and
any segregated material before rolling
commences.
Excess asphalt shall not be spread across the mat.
If adjoining lanes are laid simultaneously using
two pavers operating in echelon, the loose depths
of the laid asphalt shall match exactly along the
joint.
10.2.9 Temporary Ramps
If, at the end of a day's laying operations, traffic is
required to run on the new asphalt work, the
Contractor shall provide temporary asphalt ramps
down to the level of the adjacent road surface.
Ramps shall be constructed so as to provide safe
passage for traffic at the allowable speed limit.
Prior to laying the adjoining run, the asphalt ramp
shall be cut back to form a transverse joint as
detailed in Clause 10.2.8.
10.2.10 Surface Correction
A corrector course shall be used to correct any
irregularities in an existing surface and/or modify
the shape of an existing surface.
Any surface depressions greater than 25 mm in
depth and any uneven surface shall be brought to
the general level of the surrounding
pavement/deck surface. Where a corrector course
is used to modify the shape of an existing surface,
the course shall be laid to the reduced levels
and/or shape specified in the documents.
the Superintendent, the areas where corrector
course is to be applied and shall not lay corrector
course prior to receiving acceptance of the
proposed areas from the Superintendent
Hold Point 7.
The compaction requirements of this specification
apply to uniform layers of asphalt laid at the
thicknesses specified in Clause 10.2.6.4. For
corrector courses, coring for compaction testing
shall only be used at locations where the layer
thickness is equal to or greater than the minimum
layer thickness for the nominal size of asphalt as
given in Clause 10.2.6.4. A rolling pattern shall be
established in accordance with Clause 10.2.6.11 to
achieve the required standard of compaction and
this rolling pattern shall be used on all areas of
corrector course.
Corrector course will be scheduled separately
under Work Item 5405.
10.2.11 Surface Finish
The surface of any asphalt layer shall have a
uniform appearance and shall contain no cracked,
segregated, corrugated, bony or fatty sections.
The Superintendent may arrange testing to
evaluate areas of suspected segregation using Test
Methods Q302A/Q302B, Q303A, Q303B and
Q308A, however, the test limits for production
mix contained in this specification do not apply to
cores taken from the road.
10.2.12 Clean Up
Upon completion of the asphalt works, all excess
materials, including cutoffs from temporary
ramps and joints, shall be removed from the Site
and disposed of in a manner which complies with
environmental requirements in force at the time of
such disposal.
10.3 Product Standards
10.3.1 Compaction Standard
The characteristic value of relative compaction
shall be as given in Table 14, except that for
corrector courses tested for compaction in
accordance with Clauses 10.2.10 and 11.4, the
minimum compaction standard for each individual
core sample shall be equal to the respective

Page 17 of 22
MRS11.30
December 06

numerical value stated in Table 14. If one or more
of the cores taken from the corrector course is
below the required standard, the average of the
cores must be above the required limit. If the
average is below the required limit, payment at a
reduced rate in accordance with Clause 12.2.2
shall apply, except that the average value shall be
used instead of the characteristic value.
Table 14 Compaction Standard
Asphalt Mix Nominal
Size (mm)
Characteristic Value
Minimum (%)
DG7 90
DG10 90
DG14 92 (91)
DG20 92
DG28 92
Table Note: For specified compacted layer thickness <50mm
10.3.2 Geometrics
10.3.2.1 General
There are two alternative primary vertical
tolerance controls for asphalt pavements;
thickness and reduced level. Vertical tolerance
controls for both thickness and reduced level shall
apply unless stated otherwise in Clause 7 of
Annexure MRS11.30.1.
The pavement shall be constructed so as not to
depart from the relevant widths, lengths, shapes
and reduced levels or thicknesses specified in the
documents by more than the tolerances listed in
Clauses 10.3.2.2 and 10.3.2.3.
The widths and reduced levels, if relevant, of the
surface of layers, other than the final layer, shall
be calculated using the widths, reduced levels and
shapes for the completed pavement as shown on
the Drawings and the depth of the layers within
the pavement.
10.3.2.2 Geometrics, Horizontal Tolerances
The horizontal location of any point on the
pavement shall not differ by more than 50 mm
from the corresponding point shown in the
Contract, or as calculated in accordance with
Clause 10.3.2.1, except for the following
situation. Where alignment of the pavement with
an existing road or other existing road structure is
necessary, the new work shall be joined to the
existing work in a smooth manner as shown on
the Drawings.
10.3.2.3 Geometrics, Vertical Tolerances
10.3.2.3.1 Primary Tolerances
a) Reduced Level
A primary tolerance of 10 mm shall apply
to any point on the surface of any layer.
b) Thickness
The thickness of each layer at any point,
excluding any corrector course, shall lie
within the tolerances given in Table 15.
Table 15 Layer Thickness Tolerances
Asphalt Mix Nominal
Size (mm)
Layer Thickness
Tolerances (mm)
DG7 5
DG10 5
DG14 7
DG20 10
DG28 10
The average thickness of the compacted
layer shall be within 5mm of the specified
depth.
In addition to the above, the total thickness
of the constructed asphalt pavement shall
be within 10 mm of the specified total
thickness.
c) Deviation from a straightedge
The deviation from a 3 metre long
straightedge placed anywhere on the
surface of a layer in accordance with Test
Method Q712 shall not exceed 5 mm, due
allowance being made for design shape,
where relevant.
10.3.2.3.2 Additional Tolerance New Work
and Overlays with Specified
Correction or Profiling
The additional tolerance, as stated below, shall
apply to the asphalt pavement lots in the final
asphalt pavement layer of work other than single
layer asphalt pavement overlays. The Contractor
may have to carry out additional work to achieve
this tolerance.
The surface evenness of the surface of the asphalt
pavement layer shall be such as to provide road
roughness count rate not exceeding the specified
road roughness R
s
, stated in Clause 8.1 of
Annexure MRS11.30.1 or, where not so stated,
not exceeding 50 counts per kilometre.

Page 18 of 22
MRS11.30
December 06

10.3.2.3.3 Additional Tolerance Single
Layer Overlays
The additional tolerance, as stated below, shall
only apply to the asphalt pavement lots for single
layer asphalt pavement overlays without a
nominal full length specified corrector course or
nominal full length specified profiling. The
Contractor may have to carry out additional work
to achieve this tolerance.
The surface evenness of the asphalt pavement
layer shall be such as to provide a road roughness
count rate not exceeding the specified counts per
kilometre as calculated by the following formula
R
s
= R
p
x 0.6 +5 counts per kilometre
where
R
s
= specified road roughness count rate;
and
R
p
= road roughness count rate prior to
overlay.
Unless nominated otherwise in Clause 8.2 of
Annexure MRS11.30.1, R
p
shall be taken as the
value obtained by the Principal prior to and within
30 days of the Contractor commencing work on
the asphalt overlay. Where R
p
is greater than 85,
single layer overlays should not be used without
correction or profiling and the design is to be
referred to the Principal Hold Point 8.
Where the value of R
s
is calculated to be less than
50, R
s
shall be taken as 50 counts per kilometre.
Costs associated with the measurement of surface
evenness prior to the asphalt overlay will be borne
by the Principal. No separate payment will be
made for the measurement of surface evenness
after the completion of the asphalt overlay and the
Contractor shall be deemed to have made
allowance for the costs of this operation in the
Contractors unit rates and lump sum amounts for
the various Work Items in the Schedule of Rates.
11 CONSTRUCTION COMPLIANCE
TESTING
11.1 General
The Contractor is responsible for carrying out
sufficient testing to ensure that all asphalt
pavement constructed under the Contract
complies with the requirements of this
specification.
The process requirements shall be checked for
compliance with the specified requirements
during and after the construction operation, as
relevant.
Compliance testing of the pavement shall be
undertaken for each lot. A pavement lot shall be a
section of completed asphalt pavement of the
same mix design which, in the opinion of the
Superintendent, is essentially homogeneous and
has been constructed under essentially uniform
conditions. Pavement lot size shall be no greater
than one days construction in a single layer.
If, in the opinion of the Superintendent, part of a
lot is segregated, the lot shall be subdivided and
the segregated sublot shall be rejected and the
remainder shall be assessed as a new lot. If, in the
opinion of the Superintendent, the whole lot is
segregated, it shall be rejected.
11.2 Testing Frequency
The minimum testing frequency for work covered
by this specification shall be as listed in Table 16.
11.3 Geometrics
The geometric tolerances, except for surface
evenness, shall be checked at regular intervals not
greater than those specified in Table 16.
Table 16 Minimum Testing Frequency
Conformance
Requirement
Minimum Test
Frequency
Minimum
Number
of Tests
Relative
compaction
Q306A, Q306C
and Q314
1 test per 400 m
2
7 per lot
or Q306E and
Q314
1 test per 200 m
2
10 per lot
Horizontal
geometry
1 test per 50 m
Vertical geometry
and deviations
from a
straightedge
1 test per 20 m
Layer thickness at
3 points on the
cross section
1 test per 20 m
11.4 Compaction
The compaction standard for a lot shall be
represented by the characteristic value of relative
compaction. The characteristic value of relative
compaction shall be calculated as shown in
Clause 13 of MRS11.01 Introduction to Standard

Page 19 of 22
MRS11.30
December 06

Specifications, using the individual relative
compaction results from each lot.
Relative compaction is the percentage ratio of the
in situ density of the compacted asphalt and the
representative maximum density of the pavement
lot.
The representative maximum density for a
pavement lot shall be the arithmetic mean of the
individual maximum densities obtained for the
production lots comprising the pavement lot.
The in situ density of asphalt pavement
constructed under the Contract shall be
determined by one of the following methods
a) nuclear gauge in accordance with Test
Method Q306E; or
b) core sampling in accordance with Test
Methods Q302A, Q303A and
Q306A/Q306C.
For core sampling, Test Method Q306A shall
normally be used. However, Test Method Q306C
shall be the reference method. Test Method
Q306A shall not be used for core samples taken
from areas within the pavement which are
coarsely segregated or suspected of being coarsely
segregated or poorly compacted. Test Method
Q306C shall be used for these areas.
Wet core sampling in accordance with Test
Method Q302B is also permitted. However, the
Contractor shall make due allowance for the
additional time necessary for air drying of the
cores before undertaking density testing by this
method.
For layer thickness less than 50 mm, in situ
density shall be determined by core sampling
and/or thin layer nuclear gauge only.
If, in the opinion of the Superintendent, the
representative maximum density is not applicable
to the mix in the lot, the relative compaction at
each tested location in the lot shall be determined
using the individual maximum density of the mix
at each location obtained by core sampling,
preparation and testing in accordance with Test
Methods Q302A/Q302B, Q303A, Q303B and
Q307A.
The location of each in situ density test shall be
chosen by a method of random stratified
sampling.
Density testing shall be carried out as soon as
possible after final rolling and, where possible,
prior to trafficking. If density testing is carried out
after two days of trafficking, density test sites
shall be selected away from the trafficked wheel
paths.
No density test site shall be selected from within
150 mm from a joint or free edge.
In the calculation of the characteristic value of
relative compaction from core sampling, core
samples of thickness less than 5 mm below the
nominal layer thickness shall not be used.
Additional cores shall be taken to ensure the
minimum number of tests stated in Table 16.
11.5 Surface Evenness
The surface evenness of compacted asphalt
pavements constructed under the Contract shall be
measured by road roughness (Test Method Q708).
The minimum length of a lot for this test shall be
100 metres and the maximum length of a lot shall
be 500 metres.
12 UTILISATION OF A REJECTED
LOT FOR A REDUCED LEVEL OF
SERVICE
12.1 Production Asphalt
12.1.1 Assessment of a Production Lot
The assessment of a rejected production lot for
utilisation for a reduced level of service will be
based on the number of defects associated with
noncompliance with the requirements for
grading and binder content only, as determined
from Clause 12.1.2.
A production lot which has a number of defects
greater than six shall not be utilised for a reduced
level of service.
up to and including two may be utilised for a
reduced level of service provided that the
Contractor takes the necessary action to prevent
recurrence of the noncompliance and states, on
the nonconformance report, what action is to be
taken.
greater than two but not greater than six may be
utilised for a reduced level of service provided
that:
a) The Contractor takes the necessary action
to prevent recurrence of the non
compliance and states, on the non

Page 20 of 22
MRS11.30
December 06

conformance report, what action is to be
taken; and
b) The Contractor accepts payment for the lot
at the reduced value given in Clause 12.1.3.
12.1.2 Calculation of Defects for a
Production Lot
Calculation of defects for a production lot shall be
based on variations from the approved design
grading and approved design binder content with
the tolerances of Table 9 applied, as shown in
Table 17.
The number of defects in a production lot shall be
calculated as the total number of defects in the
two samples representing that production lot.
In the case of a terminated production lot, where
only one sample has been obtained, the number of
defects in the production lot shall be calculated by
doubling the number of defects in the sample.
12.1.3 Determination of the Reduced Value
The reduced value for defects in a production lot
shall be determined from Table 18.
12.2 Placement
12.2.1 Assessment of a Pavement Lot
The assessment of a rejected pavement lot for
utilisation for a reduced level of service shall be
based on the compaction standard and surface
evenness.
12.2.2 Compaction Standard
A pavement lot which has a characteristic value of
relative compaction less than 88% will not be
utilised for a reduced level of service.
A pavement lot which has a characteristic value of
relative compaction not less than 88%, but less
than the specified value, may be utilised for a
reduced level of service at a reduced value,
provided that the Contractor takes the necessary
action to prevent recurrence of the non
compliance and also provided that the Contractor
accepts payment for the pavement lot at the
reduced value given in Clause 12.2.4.

Table 17 Schedule for Calculating Defects in a
Production Lot
Measurement Variations
No. of
Defects
% passing
6.7 mm and
larger sieves
Tolerances
exceeded on
1 or more sieves
1
Tolerances
exceeded on
1 or 2 sieves
1
% passing
4.75 mm sieve
2.36 mm sieve
1.18 mm sieve
Tolerances
exceeded on
all 3 sieves
2
Tolerances
exceeded on
1 or 2 sieves
1
% passing
0.60 mm sieve
0.30 mm sieve
0.15 mm sieve
Tolerances
exceeded on
all 3 sieves
2
Up to 0.5% outside
the limits
0
% passing
0.075 mm sieve
Each additional
0.5% (or part
thereof) beyond
0.5% outside the
limits
1
DG7, DG10, DG14,
DG20 mixes
Each 0.1% (or part
thereof) outside the
limits
1
Binder Content
(%)
DG28 mix
Each 0.15% (or part
thereof) outside the
limits
1
12.2.3 Surface Evenness
12.2.3.1 New Works and Overlays with
Specified Correction or Profiling
In the case of works other than for single layer
asphalt overlays, a lot which has a road roughness
count rate greater than 70 shall not be utilised for
a reduced level of service.
A lot which has a road roughness count rate
greater than R
s
but not greater than 70 may be
utilised for a reduced level of service at a reduced
rate provided that:

Page 21 of 22
MRS11.30
December 06

a) The Contractor takes the necessary action
to prevent recurrence of the non
compliance; and
b) The Contractor accepts payment for the lot
a the reduced value given in Clause 12.2.4.
12.2.3.2 Single Layer Overlays
In the case of lots for single layers asphalt
pavement overlays without a nominal full length
corrector course, a lot which has a road roughness
count rate greater that R
s
+ 20 counts per
kilometre (where R
s
is as defined in Clause
10.3.2.3.3) shall not be utilised for a reduced level
of service.
A lot which has a road roughness count rate up to
R
s
+20 counts per kilometre may be utilised for a
reduced level of service at a reduced value
provided that the Contractor takes the necessary
action to prevent recurrence of the non
compliance and also provided that the Contractor
accepts payment for the lot at the reduced value
given in Clause 12.2.4.
12.2.4 Determination of the Reduced Value
The reduced value for reduced compaction of a
pavement lot shall be determined from Table 19.
The reduced value for an increased road
roughness count rate of a lot of asphalt pavement
shall be determined from Table 20 for single layer
asphalt pavement overlays and from the following
formula for other than single layer asphalt
overlays:
Percentage reduction =0.5 x (R
a
R
s
)
where
R
a
= the actual road roughness count rate;
and
R
s
= the specified road roughness count
rate defined in Clause 10.3.2.3.2.
12.3 Application of the Reduced
Payments
The percentage reductions in value calculated in
accordance with Clauses 12.1.3 and 12.2.4 shall
be summed for each lot and shall be applied to the
unit rate for the relevant Dense graded asphalt
pavement Work Item in the Schedule of Rates.
Where the reduction applies to different lots, each
percentage reduction shall be applied to the
relevant Work Item.
Table 18 Reduction in Value for Defects in a
Production Lot
Number of Defects
in a Lot
Percentage Reduction
in Value
3 5
4 10
5 15
6 20
Table 19 Reduction in Value for Reduced
Compaction
Asphalt Mix Nominal
Size (mm)
Percentage Reduction
in Value
DG7 7.5 x (90% CV)
DG10 7.5 x (90% CV)
DG14 < 50 mm layer
thickness
5 x (91% CV)
DG14 50 mm layer
thickness
3.75 x (92% CV)
DG20 3.75 x (92% CV)
DG28 3.75 x (92% CV)
Table Note:
CV = characteristic value of relative compaction (%)
13 ADDITIONAL PAYMENT FOR A
HIGHER STANDARD OF
SURFACE EVENNESS
13.1 General
Unless indicated otherwise in Clause 9 of
Annexure MRS11.30.1, an additional payment
above the scheduled rate will be made for the
additional benefit of an improved standard of
rideability as represented by the road roughness
count rate.
Table 20 - Reduction in Value, Surface Evenness -
Overlays
Road Roughness Count Rate
(counts/km)
% Reduction
in Value
> R
s
to (R
s
+ 5) 1
> (R
s
+ 5) to (R
s
+ 10) 2
> (R
s
+ 10) to (R
s
+ 15) 4
> (R
s
+ 15) to (R
s
+ 20) 8
Table Note: R
s
is as defined in Clause 10.3.2.3.3.

Page 22 of 22
MRS11.30
December 06

13.2 Payment
Any such additional payment will be made for
each lot of asphalt which has been determined to
have an improved standard of road roughness
compared with the specified count rate calculated
in accordance with the following:
a) A percentage increase in the scheduled rate
shall be determined from the formula
Percentage increase =0.4 x (R
s
R
a
5)
where
R
s
= the specified road roughness count
rate as defined in Clause 10.3.2.3.2
or Clause 10.3.2.3.3 as relevant; and
R
a
= the road roughness count rate
measured after placement and
compaction of the asphalt.
b) The additional payment shall apply only to
the top layer of asphalt placed over the
relevant pavement lots or sections thereof,
and shall be determined from the product of
the scheduled rate for the work per tonne,
and the quantity in the lot in tonnes (up to
but not exceeding the specified quantity for
the relevant lots or sections of the works),
and the percentage increase determined
from (a) above; and
c) The maximum percentage increase shall be
4%.

MRS 11 - 30 Asphalt

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

MRS 11 - 30 Asphalt

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Main Roads

Anda mungkin juga menyukai