CAPWAP

CAPWAP

Introduction Introduction
0.0 1000.0 2000.0 3000.0 4000.0
0.00
Load(kN) Pile Top
Bottom
2006 2006--2011 2011 -- GRL Engineers, Inc. GRL Engineers, Inc. -- Pile Dynamics, Inc. Pile Dynamics, Inc.
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
Ru = 3425.2 kN
Rs = 1458.6 kN
Rb = 1966.6 kN
Dy = 18.8 mm
Dx= 18.8 mm
CAPWAP
CAse Pile Wave Analysis Program
since 1969
Automatic (Univac) until 1974
Interactive (Varian, Minc, Early PCs)
Automatic and interactive since 1988
CAPWAP is a
Signal Matching Program
(System Identification Analysis or Reverse Analysis)
CAPWAP is a
Signal Matching Program
(System Identification Analysis or Reverse Analysis)
S t S t M t M t L d L d
We know the Load (i.e. the measured force)
We know the Movement under the Load (i.e. the
displacement from the measured acceleration)
But we do not know the System
We know the Load (i.e. the measured force)
We know the Movement under the Load (i.e. the
displacement from the measured acceleration)
But we do not know the System
System System Movement Movement Load Load
The System Consists of
Pile and Soil
The System Consists of
Pile and Soil
Normally all pile parameters are known! Therefore
only soil parameters must be calculated.
Normally all pile parameters are known! Therefore
only soil parameters must be calculated.
CAPWAP has to determine soil parameters. Input
into CAPWAP program are:
Pile top force and velocity
Pile properties
CAPWAP has to determine soil parameters. Input
into CAPWAP program are:
Pile top force and velocity
Pile properties
Why all that calculation? Why all that calculation?
Why not plot
Measured Force vs Measured Displacement?
Why not plot
Measured Force vs Measured Displacement?
. Because Measured Force Includes:
Impact and wave effects
Static resistance effects
Dynamic resistance effects
. Because Measured Force Includes:
Impact and wave effects
Static resistance effects
Dynamic resistance effects
1500
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
0 5 10 15 20 25
Pile top displacement in mm
P
ile
t
o
p
f
o
r
c
e
in
k
N
The CAPWAP Procedure The CAPWAP Procedure
CAPWAP solves the process in an CAPWAP solves the process in an CAPWAP solves the process in an
iterative procedure
CAPWAP solves the process in an
iterative procedure
CAPWAP METHOD CAPWAP METHOD CAPWAP METHOD CAPWAP METHOD
1 Set up pile model and 1 Set up pile model and
assume R assume Rshaft shaft and R and Rtoe toe
2 Apply one measured curve ( 2 Apply one measured curve (vvmm))
vvmm
FFcc
FFmm
RRshaft shaft
RRtoe toe
5 Go to Step 2 5 Go to Step 2
4 Adjust R 4 Adjust Rshaft shaft and R and Rtoe toe
3 Compare 3 Compare FFcc with measured with measured FFmm
pp y ( pp y ( ))
Calculate complementary Calculate complementary FFcc
Repeat until match Repeat until match
is satisfactory is satisfactory
Final match (good)
Adj t t
First try (poor)
Adjustments
CAPWAP is an iterative process
The Pile Model The Pile Model The Pile Model The Pile Model
ZZ
ii- -11 ))LL
i i
))LL
i i
The Pile is divided in N The Pile is divided in N
pp
uniform pile segments uniform pile segments
of approx. 1 m length. of approx. 1 m length.
The Pile is divided in N The Pile is divided in N
pp
uniform pile segments uniform pile segments
of approx. 1 m length. of approx. 1 m length.
Each segment has Each segment has Each segment has Each segment has

ZZ
i+1 i+1
ZZ
ii

))t = t =))LL
i i
/c /c
i i
The Wave travel time, The Wave travel time,
))t, is t, is the same in all the same in all
segments (.2 to .25 ms) segments (.2 to .25 ms)
The Wave travel time, The Wave travel time,
))t, is t, is the same in all the same in all
segments (.2 to .25 ms) segments (.2 to .25 ms)
Each segment has Each segment has
impedance Z impedance Z
i i
= E = E
i i
AA
i i
/c /c
i i
and wave speed c and wave speed c
i i
Each segment has Each segment has
impedance Z impedance Z
i i
= E = E
i i
AA
i i
/c /c
i i
and wave speed c and wave speed c
i i
The Combined Pile and Soil Model The Combined Pile and Soil Model The Combined Pile and Soil Model The Combined Pile and Soil Model
Soil segment length Soil segment length Soil segment length Soil segment length
Mass density, Mass density,
Modulus, E Modulus, E
Mass density, Mass density,
Modulus, E Modulus, E
Spring (static resistance) Spring (static resistance)
D h t (d i i t ) D h t (d i i t )
Spring (static resistance) Spring (static resistance)
D h t (d i i t ) D h t (d i i t )
Wavespeed Wavespeed
c = c = (E/ (E/))
Wavespeed Wavespeed
c = c = (E/ (E/))
t
t
t
t
Pile segment length Pile segment length Pile segment length Pile segment length
Dashpot (dynamic resistance) Dashpot (dynamic resistance) Dashpot (dynamic resistance) Dashpot (dynamic resistance)
Travel time Travel time
t = t = L/c L/c
Travel time Travel time
t = t = L/c L/c
t
t
t
t
XX--secn area, A secn area, A XX--secn area, A secn area, A
Pile Pile
Impedance, Impedance,
Z = EA/c Z = EA/c
Pile Pile
Impedance, Impedance,
Z = EA/c Z = EA/c
RR
ui ui
, q , q
ii
JJ
ii
RR
Ns Ns
RR
Ns Ns--11
The The
CAPWAP CAPWAP
Soil Soil
Resistance Resistance
Model Model
The The
CAPWAP CAPWAP
Soil Soil
Resistance Resistance
Model Model
RR
tt
, q , q
tt
JJ
TT
mm
PL PL
Shaft Resistance, Shaft Resistance,
Ns times Ns times
tt
GG
RR
u,s u,s
RR
ss
quake, q quake, q
ss
Static Shaft Resistance Model Static Shaft Resistance Model
RR
uu
ss
RR
u,n u,n
UN = UN = --RR
u,n u,n
/R /R
u,s u,s
Unloading quake, Unloading quake,
qq
ss
cc
ss
RR
ss
RR
ss
RR
u,t u,t
RR
tt
Static Toe Resistance Model Static Toe Resistance Model
uu
tt
quake, q quake, q
tt
unloading unloading
quake, q quake, q
tt
cc
tt
Toe gap: t Toe gap: t
gg
Damping Resistance: R Damping Resistance: R
dd
= J = J
vv
v v
RR
dd
= J = J
Case Case
Z v Z v = J = J
Smith Smith
RR
uu
vv
Pile Pile
Segment Segment
Velocity, Velocity,
vv
Damping Constant Damping Constant
Conversions: Conversions:
JJ
Smith Smith
= J = J
vv
/R /R
uu
JJ
Case Case
= J = J
vv
/Z /Z
JJ
Smith Smith
= J = J
Case Case
Z / R Z / R
uu
Damping Constant Damping Constant
Conversions: Conversions:
JJ
Smith Smith
= J = J
vv
/R /R
uu
JJ
Case Case
= J = J
vv
/Z /Z
JJ
Smith Smith
= J = J
Case Case
Z / R Z / R
uu
Normal Normal--Viscous (Option=0) Viscous (Option=0)
RR
dd
= J = J
CC
Z v = Z v = RR
UU
JJ
SS
vv
Normal Normal--Viscous (Option=0) Viscous (Option=0)
RR
dd
= J = J
CC
Z v = Z v = RR
UU
JJ
SS
vv
velocity velocity
vv
Pile Pile
JJ
ss
= J = J
cc
Z/R Z/R
UU
JJ
ss
= J = J
cc
Z/R Z/R
UU
CAPWAP Damping Model CAPWAP Damping Model CAPWAP Damping Model CAPWAP Damping Model
Smith Smith- -Combined (Option=2) Combined (Option=2)
RR
dd
= R = R
SS
JJ
SS
vv
True Smith until R True Smith until R
SS
= R = R
UU
then true viscous then true viscous
Smith Smith- -Combined (Option=2) Combined (Option=2)
RR
dd
= R = R
SS
JJ
SS
vv
True Smith until R True Smith until R
SS
= R = R
UU
then true viscous then true viscous
Smith (Option=1) Smith (Option=1)
RR
dd
= R = R
SS
JJ
SS
vv
Smith (Option=1) Smith (Option=1)
RR
dd
= R = R
SS
JJ
SS
vv
RR
ui ui
, q , q
ii
JJ
ii
JJ
mm
ss
RR
Ns Ns--11
The The
CAPWAP CAPWAP
Soil Soil
Resistance Resistance
Model Model
The The
CAPWAP CAPWAP
Soil Soil
Resistance Resistance
Model Model RR
Ns Ns
mm
tt
RR
tt
, q , q
tt
JJ
TT
JJ
SK SK
JJ
BT BT
mm
PL PL
tt
GG
Not used Not used
Shaft Resistance, Shaft Resistance,
Ns times Ns times
Mass related to circumference Mass related to circumference
Damper related to soil strength Damper related to soil strength
Radiation Damping Model Radiation Damping Model
Standard CAPWAP Unknowns Standard CAPWAP Unknowns
Main Parameters
R
ui
: N
S
values at shaft +1 value at toe
J
i
: 1 value at shaft +1 value at toe
q
i
: Loading - 1 value at shaft +1 value at toe
Main Parameters
R
ui
: N
S
values at shaft +1 value at toe
J
i
: 1 value at shaft +1 value at toe
q
i
: Loading - 1 value at shaft +1 value at toe
Major Trimming Parameters
Unloading quake - 1 value at shaft +1 value at toe
+ 1 shaft unloading level
Major Trimming Parameters
Unloading quake - 1 value at shaft +1 value at toe
+ 1 shaft unloading level
Total N
S
+ 8 unknowns Total N
S
+ 8 unknowns
For 20 m pile penetration: 18 unknowns For 20 m pile penetration: 18 unknowns
CAPWAP Match Quality CAPWAP Match Quality
Match Quality is Match Quality is
The sum of absolute values of differences between computed The sum of absolute values of differences between computed
and measured values divided by maximum force and measured values divided by maximum force
Plus blow count penalty (> 0) Plus blow count penalty (> 0)
MQ = MQ =
Period Period

time time
**[F [F
M M
--FF
CC
]/F ]/F
X X
** ++
Computed Final Set Computed Final Set Measured Final Set Measured Final Set 1 mm 1 mm
Toe res. begins, total capacity develops Toe res. begins, total capacity develops
CAPWAP Record Divisions CAPWAP Record Divisions CAPWAP Record Divisions CAPWAP Record Divisions
Shaft resistance begins to develop Shaft resistance begins to develop
Fx Fx
Unloading period begins Unloading period begins
tr tr
CAPWAP Match Quality CAPWAP Match Quality
2L/c 2L/c
Period I Period I
tr+3 tr+3
ms ms
II II III III
tr+5ms tr+5ms
25ms 25ms
IV IV
tr tr
Match Quantity Match Quantity Match Quantity Match Quantity
Traditionally we have used measured velocity,
v
m
, as an input and calculated force, F
c
, and
compared with measured force, F
m
.
It i ft b tt t d F It is often better to use wave down, F
d,m
, as an
input, calculate wave up, F
U,C
and compare it
with F
u,m
. WHY?
Remember F
U,m
= (F
m
- Zv
m
)
and F
d,m
= (F
m
+ Zv
m
)
Remember F
U,m
= (F
m
- Zv
m
)
and F
d,m
= (F
m
+ Zv
m
)
150
-2000.00
0.00
2000.00
4000.00
ms
kips
ForceMsd
ForceCpt FORCE MATCHING FORCE MATCHING
WAVE MATCHING WAVE MATCHING
150
-500.00
0.00
500.00
1000.00
ms
kips
5
L/c
WupMsd
WupCpt
Recommended CAPWAP Procedure Recommended CAPWAP Procedure
1. Data input: select the proper record
1. Data adjustment (normally automatic)
2. Build pile model (normally automatic)
1. Improve resistance distribution
1. Check quake (particularly toe effect)
2 Ch k d i ff t
1. Data input: select the proper record
1. Data adjustment (normally automatic)
2. Build pile model (normally automatic)
1. Improve resistance distribution
1. Check quake (particularly toe effect)
2 Ch k d i ff t 2. Check damping effects
3. Check unloading effects
2. Repeat
3. Repeat and find absolutely best match quality
2. Produce output
2. Check damping effects
3. Check unloading effects
2. Repeat
3. Repeat and find absolutely best match quality
2. Produce output
Record Selection - Quality Record Selection - Quality
Use record of good quality
Good proportionality
No electronic or mechanical noise
Integrates out to final set and zero velocity Integrates out to final set and zero velocity
Force returns to zero
Short rise time
Record Selection Record Selection
We cannot completely control the test! We cannot completely control the test!
1. 1. For high resistance (set < 3 mm/blow; > 8 BPI)
find high energy/high force record
2 F l i t ( t 8 /bl 3 BPI)
1. 1. For high resistance (set < 3 mm/blow; > 8 BPI)
find high energy/high force record
2 F l i t ( t 8 /bl 3 BPI) 2. For low resistance (set > 8 mm/blow; < 3 BPI),
find blow with low energy/low force
or reduce energy input to pile
2. For low resistance (set > 8 mm/blow; < 3 BPI),
find blow with low energy/low force
or reduce energy input to pile
Unit friction < 4 Unit friction < 4 ksf ksf (200 (200 kPa kPa )) for most soils for most soils
QT (+TG) QT (+TG) < < Dmax Dmax, toe , toe to assure activation to assure activation
QS QS < 0.2 inch < 0.2 inch (5 mm ) (5 mm ) usually usually
SS, ST SS, ST < 0.4 s/ft < 0.4 s/ft (1.3 s/m ) (1.3 s/m ) if higher, use SK model if higher, use SK model
CAPWAP rules CAPWAP rules CAPWAP rules CAPWAP rules
CS, CT CS, CT 0.3 to 1.0 0.3 to 1.0 CS < 3.0 if SK used CS < 3.0 if SK used
CT can be > 1.0 if gap is used CT can be > 1.0 if gap is used
Match set / blow Match set / blow (has penalty if set difference > 1 mm) (has penalty if set difference > 1 mm)
use SK for low set / blow, drilled or use SK for low set / blow, drilled or augered augered piles piles
do NOT use SK in high set / blow ( > 8 mm / blow; < 3 BPI ) do NOT use SK in high set / blow ( > 8 mm / blow; < 3 BPI )
Build Pile Model Build Pile Model Build Pile Model Build Pile Model
1. 1. Use 1 m pile segments in most cases
2. For records with very high frequency content,
use shorter pile segments - no point using less
than .25 m segment length ()t = .05 to .06 ms)
1. 1. Use 1 m pile segments in most cases
2. For records with very high frequency content,
use shorter pile segments - no point using less
than .25 m segment length ()t = .05 to .06 ms) 5 g g ( 05 06 )
3. Use 2 m soil segments in most cases
4. Use 1m soil segments where shallow
penetrations would yield less than 4 soil
segments (CAPWAP default)
5 g g ( 05 06 )
3. Use 2 m soil segments in most cases
4. Use 1m soil segments where shallow
penetrations would yield less than 4 soil
segments (CAPWAP default)
CAPWAP CAPWAP
Lets have a look at the interactive demo
that is part of the CAPWAP package.
CAPWAP Interactive Demo
Record Adjustment: Use PDA Record Adjustment: Use PDA--W/CW W/CW
Proportionality and Integration Proportionality and Integration
Record Adjustment: Use PDA Record Adjustment: Use PDA--W/CW W/CW
Proportionality and Integration Proportionality and Integration
First Trial Analysis: R First Trial Analysis: R
uu
= RX5; = RX5;
J=0.16/0.5 s/m; q J=0.16/0.5 s/m; q
ss
=2.5 mm; q =2.5 mm; q
tt
=D/120; R =D/120; R
ii
automatic automatic
Force Matching Force Matching
First Trial Analysis: R First Trial Analysis: R
uu
= RX5; = RX5;
J=0.16/0.5 s/m; q J=0.16/0.5 s/m; q
ss
=2.5 mm; q =2.5 mm; q
tt
=D/120; R =D/120; R
ii
automatic automatic
Force Matching Force Matching
Wave matching Wave matching - - preferred preferred Wave matching Wave matching - - preferred preferred
Determine resistance distribution from difference Determine resistance distribution from difference
between calculated and measured wave between calculated and measured wave- -up up
Determine resistance distribution from difference Determine resistance distribution from difference
between calculated and measured wave between calculated and measured wave- -up up
2. Determine resistance distribution from difference 2. Determine resistance distribution from difference
between calculated and measured wave between calculated and measured wave- -up up
2. Determine resistance distribution from difference 2. Determine resistance distribution from difference
between calculated and measured wave between calculated and measured wave- -up up
Changed Changed
1: 59 to 10 1: 59 to 10
2: 110 to 10 2: 110 to 10
Determine resistance distribution from difference Determine resistance distribution from difference
between calculated and measured wave between calculated and measured wave- -up up
Determine resistance distribution from difference Determine resistance distribution from difference
between calculated and measured wave between calculated and measured wave- -up up
Changed Changed
3: 163 to 100 3: 163 to 100
4: 218 to 100 4: 218 to 100
5: 273 to 100 5: 273 to 100
Determine resistance distribution from difference Determine resistance distribution from difference
between calculated and measured wave between calculated and measured wave- -up up
Determine resistance distribution from difference Determine resistance distribution from difference
between calculated and measured wave between calculated and measured wave- -up up
Used AF Used AF
Determine resistance distribution from difference Determine resistance distribution from difference
between calculated and measured wave between calculated and measured wave- -up up
Determine resistance distribution from difference Determine resistance distribution from difference
between calculated and measured wave between calculated and measured wave- -up up
Used Further Used Further
Manual Manual
Improvements Improvements
Adjust CAPWAP variables Adjust CAPWAP variables Adjust CAPWAP variables Adjust CAPWAP variables
Used AQ Used AQ
adjusting adjusting
damping, damping,
quakes, toe and quakes, toe and
unloading unloading
parameters parameters
Iterate for total capacity, CAPWAP Variables, Iterate for total capacity, CAPWAP Variables,
damping mode, toe resistance magnitude damping mode, toe resistance magnitude
Iterate for total capacity, CAPWAP Variables, Iterate for total capacity, CAPWAP Variables,
damping mode, toe resistance magnitude damping mode, toe resistance magnitude
Check total Check total
capacity (ARD), capacity (ARD),
Recheck AQ Recheck AQ
Check toe Smith Check toe Smith
damping and damping and
resistance resistance
Toe quake Toe quake
sensitivity sensitivity
Toe quake Toe quake
sensitivity sensitivity
QQ
tt
: 0.2 : 0.2 0.71 0.71
(inch) (inch)
QQ
tt
: 0.2 : 0.2 0.71 0.71
(inch) (inch)
Shaft damping sensitivity Shaft damping sensitivity Shaft damping sensitivity Shaft damping sensitivity
Js: 0.336 Js: 0.336 0.200 (s/ft) 0.200 (s/ft) Js: 0.336 Js: 0.336 0.200 (s/ft) 0.200 (s/ft)
Toe damping sensitivity Toe damping sensitivity Toe damping sensitivity Toe damping sensitivity
JJ
tt
: 0.027 : 0.027 0.15 (s/ft) 0.15 (s/ft) JJ
tt
: 0.027 : 0.027 0.15 (s/ft) 0.15 (s/ft) Check damping parameters
1. Higher than recommended at shaft and toe?
Low resistance soil? May be OK
High resistance soil? Consider higher resistance or radiation
damping (Use RD)
No experience in these soils? Maybe OK?
2 Higher than recommended at shaft or toe? 2. Higher than recommended at shaft or toe?
Switch static resistance or damping from shaft to toe or vice
versa
3. Lower than .1 s/m at shaft or toe?
Reduce capacity (RD)
Switch static resistance or damping from shaft to toe or vice
versa
Output Output Output Output
Output Tables: Output Tables:
Calculated Soil Calculated Soil
Model Model
RR
ii
RR
ii
RR
ii
//LL RR
ii
/A /A
ii
Output Tables: Output Tables:
Calculated Soil Calculated Soil
Model Model
RR
ii
RR
ii
RR
ii
//LL RR
ii
/A /A
ii
CAPWAP FINAL RESULTS
Total CAPWAP Capacity: 804.4; along Shaft 96.4; at Toe 708.0 kips
Soil Dist. Depth Ru Force Sum Unit Unit Smith Quake
Sgmnt Below Below in Pile of Resist. Resist. Damping
No. Gages Grade Ru (Depth) (Area) Factor
ft ft kips kips kips kips/ft ksf s/ft in
804.4
1 79.4 5.8 16.9 787.5 16.9 2.55 0.27 0.243 0.100
2 86.0 12.4 9.5 778.0 26.4 1.44 0.15 0.243 0.100
3 92.6 19.0 1.9 776.1 28.3 0.29 0.03 0.243 0.100
4 99.2 25.7 0.0 776.1 28.3 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.100
5 105.8 32.3 0.0 776.1 28.3 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.100
6 112.5 38.9 0.0 776.1 28.3 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.100
7 119.1 45.5 6.5 769.6 34.8 0.98 0.10 0.243 0.100
8 125.7 52.1 11.3 758.3 46.1 1.71 0.18 0.243 0.100
9 132.3 58.7 11.3 747.0 57.4 1.71 0.18 0.243 0.100
10 138.9 65.3 6.5 740.5 63.9 0.98 0.10 0.243 0.100
11 145.5 72.0 6.5 734.0 70.4 0.98 0.10 0.243 0.100
12 152.2 78.6 6.5 727.5 76.9 0.98 0.10 0.243 0.100
13 158 8 85 2 6 5 721 0 83 4 0 98 0 10 0 243 0 100 RR
ii
, , RR
ii
, , RR
ii
//L, L, RR
ii
/A /A
ii
,,
JJ
ii
, , q q
ii
+ +
Soil Model Extensions Soil Model Extensions
RR
ii
, , RR
ii
, , RR
ii
//L, L, RR
ii
/A /A
ii
,,
JJ
ii
, , q q
ii
+ +
Soil Model Extensions Soil Model Extensions
13 158.8 85.2 6.5 721.0 83.4 0.98 0.10 0.243 0.100
14 165.4 91.8 6.5 714.5 89.9 0.98 0.10 0.243 0.100
15 172.0 98.4 6.5 708.0 96.4 0.98 0.10 0.243 0.100
Avg. Skin 6.4 0.98 0.10 0.243 0.100
Toe 708.0 100.16 0.092 0.830
Soil Model Parameters/Extensions Skin Toe
Case Damping Factor 0.111 0.309 Smith Type
Reloading Level (% of Ru) 100 100
Unloading Level (% of Ru) 75
Resistance Gap (included in Toe Quake) (in) 0.030
CAPWAP match quality: 3.96(Wave Up Match)
Observed: final set = 0.197 in; blow count = 61 b/ft
Computed: final set = 0.121 in; blow count = 100 b/ft
Output Tables: Output Tables:
Extrema, Extrema,
Case Method Case Method
Output Tables: Output Tables:
Extrema, Extrema,
Case Method Case Method
EXTREMA TABLE
Pile Dist. max. min. max. max. max. max. max.
Sgmnt Below Force Force Comp. Tens. Trnsfd. Veloc. Displ.
No. Gages Stress Stress Energy
ft kips kips ksi ksi kip-ft ft/s in
1 3.3 1419.4 -559.9 2.914 -1.150 69.27 6.7 1.301
2 6.6 1419.4 -566.2 2.914 -1.163 69.21 6.7 1.296
5 16.5 1420.0 -551.5 2.915 -1.132 69.00 6.7 1.277
8 26.5 1419.5 -518.3 2.914 -1.064 68.68 6.7 1.253
11 36.4 1418.3 -476.7 2.912 -0.979 68.25 6.7 1.225
14 46.3 1419.8 -434.1 2.915 -0.891 67.67 6.7 1.195
17 56.2 1431.7 -394.7 2.939 -0.810 66.93 6.7 1.161
20 66.2 1440.1 -353.3 2.957 -0.725 65.98 6.6 1.126
23 76.1 1442.1 -297.7 2.961 -0.611 64.73 6.6 1.106
26 86.0 1401.1 -267.7 2.877 -0.550 60.86 6.6 1.091
29 95.9 1378.0 -196.0 2.829 -0.402 57.21 6.5 1.074
32 105.8 1393.5 -118.1 2.861 -0.242 55.58 6.7 1.054
35 115.8 1404.9 -117.0 2.884 -0.240 55.11 7.2 1.033
38 125.7 1397.5 -107.4 2.869 -0.221 53.35 8.0 1.010
41 135.6 1253.0 -82.1 2.572 -0.169 48.50 8.5 0.985
44 145.5 1079.6 -74.0 2.217 -0.152 46.60 9.6 0.960
47 155.5 954.6 -57.3 1.960 -0.118 43.37 9.8 0.932
48 158.8 873.8 -57.2 1.794 -0.117 43.10 9.2 0.923
49 162.1 843.2 -51.8 1.731 -0.106 41.59 8.8 0.913
50 165 4 790 2 -53 2 1 622 -0 109 41 30 9 0 0 903 50 165.4 790.2 53.2 1.622 0.109 41.30 9.0 0.903
51 168.7 813.5 -49.6 1.670 -0.102 39.80 9.1 0.893
52 172.0 865.3 -54.5 1.777 -0.112 39.52 9.0 0.883
Absolute 79.4 2.963 (T = 30.8 ms)
6.6 -1.163 (T = 47.4 ms)
CASE METHOD
J = 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
RS1 666.8 493.6 320.5 147.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
RMX 1060.4 974.9 948.5 922.0 897.9 880.5 874.2 873.5 872.7 871.9
RSU 666.8 493.6 320.5 147.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
RAU= 864.6 (kips); RA2= 891.2 (kips)
Current CAPWAP Ru= 804.4 (kips); Corresponding J(Rs)= 0.00; J(Rx)=1.00
VMX VFN VT1*Z FT1 FMX DMX DFN EMX RLT
ft/s ft/s kips kips kips in in kip-ft kips
6.86 0.00 1221.9 1176.6 1420.4 1.313 0.197 69.5 1104.1
Output Tables: Output Tables:
Annotations Annotations
To review complex To review complex
Output Tables: Output Tables:
Annotations Annotations
To review complex To review complex
Demo; Pile: p66-rst - H-pile Test: 26-Apr-2006 08:01:
HP14*89; Blow: 4 CAPWAP(R) 2006
GRL Engineers, Inc. OP: jiu
CAPWAP ANNOTATIONS
QS UN CS LS JS SS OSP SK MS PS
2.520 0.200 0.707 1.000 2.641 0.652 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
QT TG CT LT JT ST OP BT MT PL
2.848 0.445 0.300 1.000 0.134 0.080 2 0.000 0.000 1.853
RSA PI
0 0.010
TV AC T1 T2 A12 T3 T4 A34
20.5 0.08 0.0 20.5 0.05 20.5 24.5 -3.86
Replay Factor 1 2 Avg.
Force 0.990 0.990 0.990
Veloctiy 1.000 1.010 1.005
Since the data was adjusted through PDA-W,
no other data adjustment parameters available.
PE M_BLct C_BLct CI BT MQ FR J_Rx J_Rs
20.5 1049.9 744.6 1.422 0.126 1.50 5000 0.72 0.71
Models, Adjustments Models, Adjustments Models, Adjustments Models, Adjustments
Page 1 Analysis: 03-Aug-2006
Added E-Modulus Cut-off Toe Quake and Uplift Frictn
Quake Multiplier Damping Optn Reduct. Factr
0.00 0.00 1.00 0 0.80
Added Impedance
13
87.56
Added Damping
None
Damping Multipliers
All ones
Capacity Reduction Factors
All ones
Check calculated final set (blow count) Check calculated final set (blow count) Check calculated final set (blow count) Check calculated final set (blow count)
How is final set (blow count) calculated?
Average of final set of all segments
How does calculated final set (blow count) affect match
quality?
MQ penalty: difference of final set in mm - 1
Calculated final set depends on and can be corrected by:
How is final set (blow count) calculated?
Average of final set of all segments
How does calculated final set (blow count) affect match
quality?
MQ penalty: difference of final set in mm - 1
Calculated final set depends on and can be corrected by: Calculated final set depends on and can be corrected by:
acceleration adjustment
total resistance change (static and dynamic)
quakes
unloading parameters
rechecking measured final set
Calculated final set depends on and can be corrected by:
acceleration adjustment
total resistance change (static and dynamic)
quakes
unloading parameters
rechecking measured final set
Find best MQ Find best MQ
Adjust individual segment resistances to improve match
automatic feature may smoothen distribution too much
1. See how shifting resistance from shaft to toe and vice
versa with appropriate quake and damping adjustments
can improve match
Adjust individual segment resistances to improve match
automatic feature may smoothen distribution too much
1. See how shifting resistance from shaft to toe and vice
versa with appropriate quake and damping adjustments
can improve match
2. Use ARD (or ARDQ) to vary capacity and check R
U
3. Use AQ (Automatic Quantity improvement) on individual
quantities or groups of CAPWAP variables
4. Do not spend excessive effort on late record portion
unless it does affect the capacity/distribution results
2. Use ARD (or ARDQ) to vary capacity and check R
U
3. Use AQ (Automatic Quantity improvement) on individual
quantities or groups of CAPWAP variables
4. Do not spend excessive effort on late record portion
unless it does affect the capacity/distribution results
CAPWAP Automatic Features
AC Automatic CAPWAP (after user initialization)
AF Calculate shaft resistance parameters
AQ Select and change CW quantities for BM
AQ Change current CW quantity for BM
AQ-Std Change CW standard quantities* for BM
AT C l l t t f t t
AC Automatic CAPWAP (after user initialization)
AF Calculate shaft resistance parameters
AQ Select and change CW quantities for BM
AQ Change current CW quantity for BM
AQ-Std Change CW standard quantities* for BM
AT C l l t t f t t AT Calculate a set of toe parameters
ARD Static/dynamic resistance exchange for with
user interaction for BM
ARDQ Quick Static/dynamic resistance exchange
*CW standard quantities: SS, ST, QS, QT, TG, UN, CS, CT
AT Calculate a set of toe parameters
ARD Static/dynamic resistance exchange for with
user interaction for BM
ARDQ Quick Static/dynamic resistance exchange
*CW standard quantities: SS, ST, QS, QT, TG, UN, CS, CT
CAPWAP Help Features CAPWAP Help Features CAPWAP Help Features CAPWAP Help Features
HC HC CAPWAP Variable Help CAPWAP Variable Help HC HC CAPWAP Variable Help CAPWAP Variable Help
HR HR CAPWAP Resistance CAPWAP Resistance
vs Displacement Help vs Displacement Help
HM HM CAPWAP Match suggestions CAPWAP Match suggestions
HR HR CAPWAP Resistance CAPWAP Resistance
vs Displacement Help vs Displacement Help
HM HM CAPWAP Match suggestions CAPWAP Match suggestions
CAPWAP Static Analysis Options CAPWAP Static Analysis Options CAPWAP Static Analysis Options CAPWAP Static Analysis Options
Extrapolation
Smooting
User Capacity
Extrapolation
Smooting
User Capacity
0.0 300.0 600.0 900.0 1200.0 1500.0
0.00
0.30
0.60
Load(kips)
PileTop
Bottom
PileTop*
Bottom*
Ru = 1105.4 kips
Rs = 780.0 kips
Rb = 325.4 kips
Dy = 0.79in
Dx = 1.41in
*Extrap
0.90
1.20
1.50
*Extrap.
The PEBWAP Result
(Pile End Bearing Wave Analysis Program)
0.0 225.0 450.0 675.0 900.0
0.00
0 05
Load (kips)
Pile Top
Stat R. J = 0.7
RR--Total Total
FF
bb
(T) = F (T) = F (T) + F (T) + F (T+2L/c) (T+2L/c)
VV
bb
(T) = v(T) + v (T+2L/c) (T) = v(T) + v (T+2L/c)
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
S
e
t

(
i
n
c
h
)
S
e
t

(
i
n
c
h
)
= { F(T) = { F(T) F (T+2L/c) } / Z F (T+2L/c) } / Z
DD
bb
(T) = (T) = Vb(T) Vb(T) dt dt
Now plot Now plot Fb(T) Fb(T) vs. vs. Db(T) Db(T)
PEBWAP Analysis PEBWAP Analysis PEBWAP Analysis PEBWAP Analysis
Pile End Bearing Wave Analysis Program Pile End Bearing Wave Analysis Program
Load = Case Method Load = Case Method
Displacement = Displacement = vv
toe toe
dt; dt; v v
toe toe
= (2*WD1 = (2*WD1 RTL)/Z RTL)/Z
Helps find R Helps find R
shaft shaft
, q , q
toe toe
, J , J
toe toe
Pile End Bearing Wave Analysis Program Pile End Bearing Wave Analysis Program
Load = Case Method Load = Case Method
Displacement = Displacement = vv
toe toe
dt; dt; v v
toe toe
= (2*WD1 = (2*WD1 RTL)/Z RTL)/Z
Helps find R Helps find R
shaft shaft
, q , q
toe toe
, J , J
toe toe
CAPWAP Summary and
Recommendations
CAPWAP Summary and
Recommendations
Signal matching, primarily using resistance
distribution and damping quantities to obtain
static bearing capacity and load-set curve
Engineer has to carefully review result and
bi ith th k l d b t il t
Signal matching, primarily using resistance
distribution and damping quantities to obtain
static bearing capacity and load-set curve
Engineer has to carefully review result and
bi ith th k l d b t il t combine with other knowledge about soil to
get reliable answers
Automatic methods are tools and cannot be used
without the discriminating review of the
CAPWAP engineer
combine with other knowledge about soil to
get reliable answers
Automatic methods are tools and cannot be used
without the discriminating review of the
CAPWAP engineer
Introducing iCAP
Signal matching program, working in background,
which allows immediate analysis during data
collection
PAX sends data of blows that meat the user
defined criteria to iCAP, without user intervention
iCAP performs an automatic signal match iCAP performs an automatic signal match
iCAP sends the results back to the PAX program
when it finishes the analysis
iCAP results are not available for every blow
PAX displays last available iCAP results, plus
currently collected data.
Introducing iCAP
Also works with the PDA-W program, for immediate
signal match capacity determination in remote mode
(SiteLink).
Can be performed during replay of previously saved
data.
Introducing iCAP
iCAP results:
Numeric
Total iCAP capacity (RU)
Skin Friction (SF)
End Bearing (EB)
MQ match quality number (allows the user to evaluate
the validity of the iCAP result)
JC Case Method damping factor (allows the user to fine
tune the CASE method results for the blows that were not
analyzed during the test)
Maximum compression stress (CSC)
Maximum tension stress (TSC)
Graphic
Load-displacement curve
Force in pile versus depth
Wave-up measured versus Wave-up calculated
Introducing iCAP
iCAP limitations:
Devised primarily for driven piles of moderate
length (say less than 30 or 40 m), with known
uniform pile cross sectional properties, and set
per blow between 2.5 and 10 mm
Not all situations yet successful or possible Not all situations yet successful or possible
(non-uniform piles, piles with cracks, variable
conditions)
Absolutely best match may not be achieved
Analyst will have to use engineering judgment to
decide whether iCAP will be sufficient, or whether
regular CAPWAP Analysis is needed
Quick iCAP CAPWAP
Ru 493 kips 506 kips
CSC 3.15 ksi 3.17 ksi
TSC 0.22 ksi 0.17 ksi
MQ 2.12 MQ1.48