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1. Define homeostasis and list the components of a homeostatic control mechanism.

-Ability to maintain relative stable(balance)internal condition even though the external


enviroment changes.The compenents is negative feedback and positive feedback.

2. Distinguish between negative and positive feedback machanism.Describe the mechanics of each
and their importance to the maintenance of homeostasis
-Negative feedback system is one in which an increase or decrease in the variable being
regulated brings about responses that more the variable in direction opposite to the direction of
the change.
-Positive feedback system is one in which a disturbance sets off a chain of even that increase the
disturbance even futher.Such a system displaces a system away from its normal set point.Such
resetting may be adaptive and could be a part of the bodys defences.Set point may also change
on a rhythmical basic.

3. Describe the bodys posititon in anatomical posititon.Why is this posititon important?
-For the purpose of description,the body is considered as being in what is called the anatomical
position. We will use a skeleton to describe this position.In this,the body assumed to be
standing,the feet together,the arms to the side and the head and eyes and palms of the hands
facing forwards.To ensure consistency of description it is important one,since in a normal
relaxed position of the body,the thumb points anteriorly.In anatomical parlance,the thumb is a
leteral structure,not an anterior one.Its important because if we know the anatomical
position,then we can describe any movement to limbs to say,someone else who will known
exactly what we are talking about.

4. Define the directional terms as they relate to the human body.
- Superior (cranial )- above,toward the head.
- Inferior ( caudal )- below,toward the leg
- Anterior ( ventral )-front,of the body
- Posterior ( dorsal )- back of the body
- Medial toward the midline
- Leteral away from the midline
- Proximal toward the attachment end of a limb
- Superficial ( external ) toward the body surface
- Deep ( internal ) away from the body surface

5. Identify the body planes and how they related to sectioning term and techniques.
-Body planes
a) Internal plane or sagittal plane
- Imagine a vertical plane that runs through your body from front to back or back to
Front.This plane devides the body into right and left region.
-Median or midsagittal plane : sagittal plane that devides the body into equal right an
Left region.
-Parasagittal plane : sagittal plane that devides the body into equal right and left
region.


b) Frontal plane or coronal plane.
- imagine a vertical plane that runs through the center of your body from side to
Side.This plane devides the body into front ( anterior ) and back ( posterior )
region.

c) Transverse plane
- Imagine a horizontal plane that runs through the center of your body from side
to side.This plane devides the body into upper ( superior ) and lower ( inferior )
regions.

6. Define Chemical Digestion
-The process conversion large nutried molecules into smaller molecular by enzymes.

Explain the process as it related to the breakdown of carbohydrates,proteins,lipids,and nuclaic
acids.

-When acid chyme passes into the small intestine it is mixed with pancreatic juice, bile
intenstinal juice, and is in contact with the enterocytes of the villi. In the small intestine the
digestion of all the nutrients is completed.

Carbohydrates are broken down to monosaccharides
Proteins are broken down to amino acids
Lipids are broken down to fatty acids and glycerol
Nucleic acids are broken down to nucleotides

7. Theabsorsption of carbohydrates,protein,lipid,nucleic acids,vitamins,electrolytes,and water
- Carbohydrate = Into blood capillaries of villi
- Protein = into blood capillaries of villi
- Lipid = Into the lacteals of the villi
- Nucleic acids =
- Vitamins = Water-soluble vitamins absorbed into capillaries,fat-soluble ones into lacteals of
villi.
- Water = Most absorbed
- Electrolytes =

8. Kjhl.li



9. Tubular reabsorption is the movement of filtrate from renal tubules back into blood in response
to the bodys specific.

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