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PayTV is an up-to-date system enabling digital subscription television services to users.

PayTV System Development Background

Analog networks for television programs distribution in VHF and UHF bands fail to provide full
coverage of the population, while quality of television signal, specifically upon retransmission, at
best corresponds to that of the limited definition television.

The existing radio-relay networks have limited bandwidth and are expensive in operation. Building
the new analog radio-relay networks to expand the television broadcasting coverage area is
inefficient and its expansion by increasing transmitter power is environmentally unsound.

Satellite television broadcasting networks, with their lower cost, fail to solve the problems of
program delivery to each specific user with regional specific features.

Therefore, radio-relay and satellite network, mainly, serve for television products distribution. They
are type-different, not integrated technically and organizationally, and have various owners thus
rendering difficult the development of the national broadcasting system.

Delivery of television products directly to customers, in addition to increasingly less used aerial
broadcasting, is provided by cable networks. The analysis of the said networks condition shows the
following. Important advantages of cable networks include: multi-channel capacity; high picture
quality, produced when using up-to-date equipment of hub stations and optimal network sizes; low
cost of programs delivery in heavily populated areas; possible use of interactive modes, etc.

However, the cable television profit margin declines when it is used in localities having intricate
topography, sparsely populated areas, in cities where the districts are split by large-scale water
barriers. Acts of vandalism (even trivial theft of cables) breaks transmission by a considerable time
required to restore the cable backbone.

Major Aspects of PayTV system Distinctive from Similar Systems

List of Services Provided by the System

PayTV system provides a basis for environmentally sound wireless integrated service network based
on rational combination of features provided by microwave and cable distribution technologies. A
specific feature of such networks is that they are capable of providing the foundation for an
integrated suite of multi-channel analog and/or digital television services.

System configuration and operation principle

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The system consists of the following components:
1. Central station (CS).


The CS, based on its configuration, may include:
teleport for reception of satellite and aerial television programs;
radio and television studio equipment;
radio-relay stations for preferential directions;
encryption system and user access control for programs;
uninterrupted power supply system;
modems, multiplexers and re-multiplexers;
multi-channel microwave transmitter/receiver unit with frequency band combiner;
circular horizontal pattern antenna.

2. User reception station (URS).


User reception station consists of antenna, reception converter and tuner.

3. Group reception station (GRS).


Station group reception consists of antenna, recepti cy on converter, intermediate frequen
signal power splitters and amplifiers. QPSK/QAM transmodulators provide interfacing to cable
networks.

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4. CS-to-URS Signal retransmitter.



PayTV sy ng signals several satellite, local studios and stem's CS receiving TV and radio programmi
local aerial television transmitters, combines them by band with own studio products. The resulting
signal is produced and is radiated in SHF band and/or millimeter waves.

The CS transmission antenna has circular horizontal pattern and narrow (not more than 4 - 5)
vertical pattern. The location of the transmission antenna shall be highest elevation (at a special
tower or high-rise building). Users remote from CS and located within the line-of-sight coverage,
receive signal using relatively inexpensive URS.

In the absence of such line-of-sight, reception is provided by retransmitter or hub stations of cable
television.

Users may receive signals from PayTV system's CS using 3 methods:
Via URS. In this particular case, high quality of the received signal is provided, as signal is
received "natively", free of additional conversion and amplification. The transmitted signal is
ally zero industrial or other

TV operator which uses GRS to receive the signal from PayTV system's CS.
frequency- or phase- modulated and is susceptible to virtu
interference.
Via GRS. The signal is received by 1 antenna and 1 intermediate frequency 900-2150 MHz is
distributed to users in entrances or houses via cables.
Via local Cable
Such systems permit the use of the available cable infrastructure of local Cable TV operator.

D ue to intricate topography or diverse number of floors urban development "dead areas" may
occur e , beyond the line-of-sight coverage of the PayTV system CS transmission antenna. Th
coverage of broadcasting such areas is provided by retransmitter. Retransmitter provides simplest
possible method for all users to receive high quality signal. A retransmitter is a small
receive/transmit unit, consisting of dual-channel reception unit, power supply and transmitter unit.
The beam pattern of the transmission antenna and output power of the transmitter unit
retransmitter are selected based on the operating range.

Dual-channel reception unit (12 channels each) provides reception of weak signals from CS PayTV
system, amplification signal horizontal (H) and vertical (V) polarizations and their conversion to
0,9...1,7 GHz band. The received signals via cables go to transmitter unit. 12-channel retransmitter
uses one transmitting unit, which provides frequency signal shift from 0,9...1,7 GHz band to
10,711,7; 11,7...12,5 and 12,513,5 GHz band and its amplification to 5 10 mW/channel.

The transmitter unit of the retransmitter with 24 carrier frequencies (providing in the digital format
transmission of up to 192 television programs) uses 2 transmitting units, whose outputs are
connected to 2 inputs of the polarization selector. The polarization selector combines the signals
with two polarizations before feeding them to the transmission antenna radiation source. The
operating range of the said retransmitter may reach 15 km.

All main components of the system are developed by using novel scientific ideas, engineering,
design, and technology concepts, providing their competitive strength in the world market for
ccount of high quality of and low cost of equipment.
The system performance is determined by the required channel capacity, operating range, etc.
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PayTV's Main Performance Data

Operating frequency band 10700-13500 MHz
Bandwidth frequency one radio channel 20-36 MHz
Frequency spacing 28-40 MHz
Modulation type FM; QPSK;COFDM
Maximum number of color TV channels or digital 34 Mbps streams up to 200
Power per radio channel 0.05 W
Radiated channel polarizations linear
Number of audio channels, transmitted in parallel with each of the video
channels
up to 4
Steadiness of injection frequency source transmitters in the temperature
-5
range of -50...+60 C
+/-2.5 10
Suppression of signal injection frequency source transmitters in the output
signal band, not less than
40 dB
Suppression of harmonic and combination signals at the output of
transmitters, not less than
40 dB
Video signal/visometric noise ratio at the longest operational distance (with
auxiliary signals)
54 dB
noise ratio reception converter 1.5 dB
power supply 220 V, 50 Hz
power consumption, not more than 40 W/ channel
Dimensions of channel transmitter with antenna, m 111,5
Weight of transmitters, not more than 3 kg
Weight of transmission antenna, not more than 25 kg
Buffer area radius in the main lobe of the beam pattern 5 m
Operating range, not more then 50 km
Operating range with radio-relay spans and retransmission more than m 200 k