1

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Patron
Dr. K.S Dasgupta, Director, IIST

Advisory Committee
Dr. Thomas Kurian, Dean (R&D)
Dr. A. Chandrashekar, Dean (Academics)
Dr. K. N. Ninan, Visiting Professor

Conference Coordinator
Prof. Kuruvilla Joseph,
Dean (Student Activities) & Head, Department of Chemistry

Finance/ Printing/ Purchase Committee
Dr. Nirmala R James (Chair person)
Ms. Aswathi R (Convener)
Dr. J Mary Gladis
Mr. C Sreekumaran Nair
Mrs. Reny Thomas
Mr. Subhash Chandran M B
Mrs. Bindya K R
Mr. Raneesh Konnola
Mr. Joby V Thomas
Mrs. Remyamol T

2

Web & Registration / Invitation Committee
Dr. Sandhya K Y (Chair person)
Ms. Reshma C (Convener)
Dr. Jobin Cyriac
Dr. Gomathy N
Mr. Mohan Sukumar
Dr. Vidya Raj
Mr. Narasimman R
Mr. Raghavendra Kumar Mishra
Ms. Meegle S Mathew
Ms. Kavitha M K
Ms. Jalaja K

Programme Committee/ Technical Committee
Dr. Honey John (Chair person)
Mr. Manjunatha Ganiga (Convener)
Dr. Sreejalekshmi K G
Dr. Mahesh S
Mr. Anandakumar K
Mr. C Sreekumaran Nair
Mr. Rakesh R
Mr. Nalluri Abhishek
Mr. Anirban
Mr. Noufal M C
Ms. Devi Renuka
Ms. Sarah Titus
Ms. Sarika P R

3


Food/ Transport/ Accommodation Committee
Dr. K Prabhakaran (Chair person)
Mr. Sujith Vijayan (Convener)
Dr. Mahesh S
Mr. P Mohanan Nair
Mr. K R Mohanan Nair
Mr. Bipin P Varghese
Mr. Vinod Kaimal
Mr. M Mukthar Ali
Ms. Lekshmi C L
Ms. Lavanya J















4


National Conference on Materials Science
and Technology - 2014 (NCMST-14)
28-30 July 2014, Trivandrum, Kerala, India

PROGRAMME SCHEDULE

DAY 1 July 28, 2014
8.00-09.15am Registration
9.15-10.00am Inaugural Function
Session 1:
10.00-11.15am Key Note Lecture Prof. Pulickel M Ajayan, Rice University, USA
11:15-11:45am High Tea
Session 2:
11:45-12:45pm PL-1 Prof. T Pradeep , IITM, Chennai
Lunch Break
Session 3:
2:00-2:45pm PL-2 Dr. Shantikumar Nair, Amrita University,
Coimbatore
2:45-3:00pm CL-1 Lakshmi V Nair, SCTIMST, Trivandrum
3:00-3:15pm CL-2 Sarah Titus, IIST, Trivandrum
3:15-3:30pm CL-3 Sheeba Alexander, University of Kerala,
Trivandrum
3:30-4:00pm Tea break
Session 4:
4:00-4:30pm IL-1 Dr. Nirmala Rachel James, IIST, Trivandrum
4:30-5:30pm Poster Session 1
5:30-6:30pm Demonstration of Softwares/Analytical Instruments

DAY 2 July 29, 2014
Session 5:
09:15-10:00am PL-3 Dr. Ashish Lele, CSIR-NCL, Pune
10:00-10:15am CL-4 U.Chinna Rajesh, University of Delhi
10.15-10.30am CL-5 Monisha Baby, VSSC, Trivandrum
10:30-10:45am CL-6 P Bahavan Palani, University College of
Engineering, Dindigul
10:45-11:00am CL-7 Narasimman Rajaram, IIST, Trivandrum

5

11:00-11:30am Tea Break
Session 6:
11:30-12:15am PL-4 Prof. Joby Joseph, IIT Delhi
12:15-12:30pm CL-8 M.K.Kavitha, IIST, Trivandrum
12:30-12:45pm CL-9 Gopi Krishna Phani, Schrdinger GmBH,
Bangalore
Lunch Break
Session 7:
2:00-2:45pm PL-5 Prof. Rani Joseph, CUSAT, Cochin
2:45-3:00pm CL-10 Raneesh Konnola, IIST, Trivandrum
3:00-3:15pm CL-11 Darshna Potphode, NMRL,DRDO, Ambernath
3:15-3:30pm CL-12 Nibisha M.P, Sacred Heart College,Thevara
Tea Break
4:00-4:15pm CL-13 Deeksha Porwal, ISAC/ISRO, Bangalore
4:15-4:30pm CL-14 Asha Liza James, IITG, Gandhinagar
4:30-5:30pm Poster session 2
5:30-6:30pm Demonstration of Softwares/Analytical Instruments

DAY 3 July 30, 2014
Session 8:
09:15-9.45am IL-2 Dr. P.Chakravarthy, IIST, Trivandrum
9.45-10.30am PL-6 Dr. Vijayamohanan K Pillai, CSIR, CECRI,
Karaikudi
10.30-10.45am CL-15 A.J.Mejo, CMET, Thrissur
10:45-11:00am CL-16 Indu Elizabeth, NPL, New Delhi
11:00-11:30am Tea Break
Session 9:
11:30-12:15pm PL-7 Prof. S Sampath, IISc, Bangalore
12:15-12:30pm CL-17 Krishna Enni, IISU/ISRO, Trivandrum
12:30-12:45pm CL-18 Renjith S, NIIST, Trivandrum
Lunch Break
Session 10:
2:00 - 2:45 pm PL-8 Dr. Suresh Das, Director, NIIST, Trivandrum
2:45 3:00pm Tea break
3:00 3:40 pm VALEDICTORY FUNCTION





6


INDEX

Keynote Lecture
NanoEngineering: Challenges and Opportunities 21
Prof. Pulickel M. Ajayan
Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering
Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA


Plenary Lectures
PL 01 Mass spectrometry and materials science 22
Prof. T Pradeep , IITM, Chennai

PL 02 Plenary Lecture
Dr. Shantikumar Nair, Amrita University, Coimbatore

PL 03 From Macromolecular Structure to Polymer Processing: A case
study of extrusion film casting process
23
Dr. Ashish Lele, CSIR-NCL, Pune

PL 04 Light Sculptured Photonic Materials: Fabrication and
Applications
24
Prof. Joby Joseph, IIT Delhi

PL 05 Novel composites based on EPDM and EPDM/FKM rubber
blends: EMI shielding applications
25
Prof. Rani Joseph, CUSAT, Cochin

PL 06 Materials Related Challenges and Opportunities in
Electrochemical Energy Generation and Storage
26
Dr. Vijayamohanan K Pillai, CSIR, CECRI, Karaikudi





7

PL 07 Nanostructured Materials: Electrocatalysts and Surface
Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates
28
Prof. S Sampath, IISc, Bangalore

PL 08 Photoresponsive Materials 29
Dr. Suresh Das, NIIST, Trivandrum


Invited Lectures
IL01 Electrospinning: A Fascinating Fiber Fabrication Technology
and Its Biomedical Applications
33
Dr. Nirmala Rachel James, IIST, Trivandrum

IL02 Welding of Maraging Steels and their Properties 35
Dr. P.Chakravarthy, IIST, Trivandrum


Contributory Lectures
CL01

Quantum dot Functionalized Singlewall Carbon Nanotube for
Cancer Cell Imaging and Targetted Photothermal Therapy
39

Lakshmi V Nair, R S Jayasree


CL02
Structure-based Design of 4-benzylidenehydrazonothiazoles as
Selective ATP Competitive Aurora Inhibitors
40

Sarah T, Sreejalekshmi K G


CL03
Design and Fabrication of a Novel Potentiometric Sensor Using
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Based Molecular Imprinted Polymer
for the Trace Level Detection of Hemoglobin in Real Samples
41

Sheeba Alexander, T S Anirudhan

CL04
Functionalized Superparamagnetic Fe
3
O
4
Nanoparticles as an
Efficient Quasi-homogeneous Catalyst for Multi-component
Reactions
42

U Chinna Rajesh, Diwan S Rawat








8

CL05
Synthesis, Characterization of 4,4-Dihydroxy Benzopheneone
Based Novolac Epoxy: Thermal and Interface Property Evaluation
with DGEBA and 1-Cyanoguanidine
43

Monisha Baby, Ranajit Pal, Nimmifrancis, Supriya N,Surajs

CL06
Structural, Thermal and Transport Properties of Polymer Blend
Composite Membranes for Fuel cell Applications
44

P Bahavan Palani, K Sainul Abidin, R Kannan, S Rajashabala, G.Velraj,
M.Sivakumar




CL07
High Specific Strength Carbon Foams Derived from Sucrose and
Milled Carbon Fiber
45

R Narasimman, SujithVijayan, K Prabhakaran

CL08
Visible light photoconductivity in ZnO and ZnO-graphene hybrids 46

M K Kavitha, PramodGopinath, Honey John

CL09
High-throughput Quantum Chemistry Calculations and Virtual
Screening for Organic Semiconductor Solutions
47

G K Phani Dathar, M D Halls, D J Giesen, S Kwak, A Goldberg, T Hugles, X Cao, J
Gavartin


CL10
Chemically Modified Carbon Nanofillers as a Novel Toughening
Agent for Epoxy Matrix
48

Raneesh Konnola, JinuJoji, Kuruvilla Joseph

CL11
Asymmetric Supercapacitor Devices Based on Dendritic Conducting
Polymer and Activated Carbon
48

Darshna Potphode, Sarada P Mishra, P Sivaraman, Manoranjan Patri

CL12
A Novel Approach to Prepare Alginate- k-carrageenan & Alginate-
Gelatin Hydrogel Beads for Controlled Drug Release.
49

Nibisha M P, Franklin J, Jinu George


CL13
Effect of rf Power on Thermo-optical Properties of Sputtered
Vanadium (V) Oxide Films
51

D Porwal, C M Esther, I N Reddy, Yougandar B, Sridhara N, D Rangappa, N P
Yadav, A K Sharma, A Dey



CL14
Chemical Exfoliation of Layered Borides: An Avenue to Synthesize
Boron-Based Nanosheets Analogous to Chemically Modified
Graphene Nanosheets
52

Asha Liza James, Kabeer Jasuja






9

CL15
Effect of Different Types of Separators on The Electrochemical
Characteristics of Graphene Supercapacitors
53

A J Mejo, S Suraj, M Divya, M N Muralidharan, A Seema

CL16
Development of MWCNTs/ SnO2 Nanocomposites with Increasing
Capacity as Free- standing Anode for High Capacity Li ion Batteries
53

Indu Elizabeth, Bhanu P Singh, S.Gopukumar, R B Mathur

CL17
Tailoring of Structural Adhesive by Nano-Fillers and Adaptation of
Birefringence Methodology to Envisage Cure Shrinkage
Krishna Enni, Arun George, Badarinath,Paul Pandian S And Sam Dayala Dev D

54

CL18
Bio-based Ionic Liquid Crystalline Quaternary Ammonium Salts:
Properties and Applications
55

Renjith S, Talasila P Rao, Sudha J D


Posters

P 001
Influence of Additives on the Electrochemical Properties of Non-
Aqueous Electrolytes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
59

A.J Nagajothi, R Kannan


P 002
Graphene-based hybrid nanostructured electrodes for li-ion batteries
59

A. G. Ashish, P. Arunkumar, Som Sarang, S. Abhin, and M. M. Shaijumon


P 003
Understanding the Graphite Oxide Synthesis and Metal Organic
Frameworks (MOFs) for Supercapacitor Application
60

Debarati Roy Chowdhury



P 004
Influence of Al Co-Dopants on the Thermoluminescenec Spectra of
SrSO
4
: Eu Phosphor Matrix
61

Jayasudha. S, Resmi G Nair, Dr. K. Madhukumar,Dr.V.N. Praveen And T.S. Elias


P 005
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Forest/Carbon Fiber as
Electrode/Current Collector Integrated System for Supercapacitors
62

Jayesh Cherusseri, And Kamal K Kar


P 006
Polyaniline MWNT Hybrids as High Performance Super
Capacitors
63

Jesna Louis

, Remyamol T , Honey John




10

P 007
Study on the Dielectric Properties of Barium tetrakis (Maleate)
Dihydrate
64

Lekshmi P. Nair, Bijini B. R And Deepa M.B


P 008 Highly Porous and Thermally Stable Egg Shell Membranes as
Separator for Lithium-Ion Batteries
65

M. Raja And A. Manuel Stephan


P 009
Fabrication and Characterization of Counter Electrodes based on
Polyaniline/Graphene Hybrids for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell
Applications
66

Nalluri Abhishek, Remyamol T, Honey John


P 010
Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline-reduced Graphene
Oxide Hybrid for Visible light photocurrent generation
66

Phani Kiran K., Remyamol T., Honey John


P 011
Effect of Co-activation on TL of CaSO
4
: Tm Phosphor
67

Resmi G Nair , Jayasudha. S, Dr. K. Madhukumar And T.S. Elias


P 012
Synthesis of Cobalt (II) Graphene Nano Composites Using
Microwave Synthesizer for Fuel Cell Applications
68

Richa Baronia, S. P. Singh , R.K. Seth, A. K. Srivastava, S. K. Singhal



P 013
Titania Aerogel-Metal Organic Framework Nanocomposites for Dye
Sensitized Solar Cells
69

S. Alwin, G. Sahaya Dennish Babu, X. Sahaya Shajan, K.G.K. Warrier


P 014
Studies on Structural, Catalytic and Electrical Properties of Alkaline
Earth Ferrites A
2
Fe
2
O
5
(Ba, Ca and Sr) Having Brownmillerite
Structures
69

T. Vijayaraghavan, K. Kavitha, M.Bradha, Anuradha Ashok



P 015
X-ray Photoelectron spectra of LaCo
0.6
Fe
0.4
O
3
perovskite by citrate
sol gel autocombustion method
70

U.Megha, K.Shijina, George Vargheseb


P 016
Max Phase Thermal Fluids Via A Facile Direct Exfoliation
Technique for Enhanced Heat Transfer Applications
71

K.V. Mahesh, V. Linsha, R. Rashada, And S. Ananthakumar


P 017
Self-healing Si-B-C Ceramics from Silicon/Boron Modified
Phenolic Resins for High Temperature Application
72

Ganesh Babu T, Renjith Devasia


11


P 018 Synthesis and Ceramic Conversion Studies of Si-Zr-C-N Ceramic
Precursors for Ultra High Temperature Applications
73

Sandhya G Nair, Subramania Siva, Sreejith K.J, Renjith Devasia




P 019
Preparation of macroporous alumina ceramics by freeze gelation of
hydrogenated vegetable oil-in-aqueous alumina slurry emulsions
74

Sujith Vijayan, R. Narasimman And K. Prabhakaran


P 020
Aqueous Tape Casting of Ultra High Temperature Ceramics (ZrB
2
)
for Aerospace Applications
75

R Mahesh Babu, Anil Kumar, N M Gokhale, Dr. R S Hastak


P 021
Effect of Substrates on the Preparation of TiZrN Thin Films
Prepared by Mid Frequency Sputtering Technique
76

A. Kavitha,

, R. Kannan And S. Loganathan


P 022
Fe
2
O
3
-TiO
2
-Hydroxyapatite Layer Coatings on 316-L SS
Orthopeadic Implants for Enhanced Bone Bonding Ability
76

Dr. Suja Mathai


P 023
Effect of Sb-Si addition on Morphology and Mechanical Properties
of Mg Alloys
77

Durgadas.M, G.Ramachandran, U.T.S Pillai


P 024
Influence of Loading Condition on Stress Intensity Factor
Determination of Threaded Bolt
79

S. Suresh Kumar,

C.Chenna Kesavan, R. Gowtham Prabu


P 025
Finite Element Analysis for Design Analysis and Selection of Three
Aluminium Piston Alloys
80

Saravanan S, Gopakumar S, M Ravi


P 026
Fatigue Analysis of A319 Alloy for Connecting Rod
81

Shabeer.T.S, Santhoshkumar.S.V ,M.C.Shaji



P 027

Investigative study on Metallurgical properties of Drill bits used in
Oil Well Drilling
82

Alex Bernard

P 028
Structural Study of Glass Forming Compositions in Binary CuXZr1-
X Alloy Using Molecular Dynamics
83

Anik Shrivastava, M M Khandpekar, D S Gowtam, V P Deshmukh




12

P 029
Investigations on the Densification Behaviour and Mircostructural
Features of Spray Granulated Lanthanum Phosphate Ceramics
84

M. Midhun, Firoz Khan, P. V. Shijina, K. V. Arun Kumar, S. Sankar, K. G. K. Warrier
And U. S. Hareesh


P 030 Segmentation of corrosion alloys based on color and texture features
85

N.T.Nevaditha S. Gopalakrishnan, And C. V. Mythili


P 031
Formability and Spring Back Analysis on Friction Stir Welded
Blanks
88

Renju Mohan, Satheesh Kumar S, Dr. N R Rajesh



P 032
Novel Fluorescent Probe to Detect and Visualize Cholesterol
Deposit in Tissues
89

A. Shanti Krishna, C. Radhakumary

And K. Sreenivasan


P 033
Cost-Effective Maskless Projection Photolithography System
90

Abin Varghese, Ananthu P.S, Gautam Mitra, Madhu Thalakulam


P 034
Nanodispersions Of ZnO: Preparation Characterization And
Stabilization
91

Anand K., Thomas Kurian, Siby Varghese


P 035
Electrochemical Properties of Reduced Graphene- Nickel Oxide
92

Anithakumary V ,K Sreevalsan & Mary Nancy TE


P 036
Conductivity Studies of Pr(OH)
3
Nanorods
92

Babu K Thomas, , Jeethu Abraham, Lakshmi G Krishna, Gijo Jose


P 037
MoS
2
Quantum Dots Interspersed Exfoliated MoS
2
Nanosheets:
Synthesis, Characterization and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Studies
93

Deepesh Gopalakrishnan, Dijo Damien And M. M. Shaijumon



P 038
Synthesis of Super hydrophobic Nanofilm
94

Emmanuel Joseph



P 039
Synthesis and Characterization of Silica Nanoparticles from
Kunnangkadu Rice Husk Ash
95

J. Prema Kumari


P 040
Raman and Infra Red Studies of CuO Nanoparticles
96

Jiji Koshy, , Anoop Chandran, Soosen Samuel, Reenu Elizabeth Thomas, Manuja M
And K C George




13


P 041

Electrochemical Method for Synthesis of Zinc Titanate Nano
Particles

96
K. S. Beenakumari



P 042
Preparing Low Cost Nano Porous Materials From Orange Fruit
Peel Wastes to Remove Textile Dye
97

M. Jaya Rajan, And G. Annadurai


P 043
CaAlO Nanoparticles For Plasma Display Applications
98

M.Freeda, G Suresh


P 044
Pure and Mn doped ZnS Nanorods using Facile chemical route
99

M.Priya Dharshini, V.Shally, Sr.Gerardin Jayam

P 045
Synthesis and Characterisation of Nano Alunina Using Chitosan as
Precursor
99

Manjusha Hariharan, Neethumol Varghese, Dr. A Benny Cherian



P 046
Effect of Peg on the Sol-Gel Synthesis of Nano Titanium Dioxide
100

Neethumol Varghese , Manjusha Hariharan, Dr. A. Benny Cherian



P 047
Study of Structural Properties of Cerium Doped Nano Nickel Ferrite
Material
101

P.P. Muhammed Maheen, E.M.Mohammed


P 048
Preparation and Characterization of Potato Starch Nanocrystal
Reinforced Natural Rubber Latex Nanocomposites
101

K.R. Rajisha,Hanna.J.Maria L.A.Pothan
,
Zakiah Ahmad, And S. Thomas


P 049
Electrical Transport and Optical Properties of -MnO
2
Nanorods
102

Reenu Elizabeth John, Anoop Chandran, Marykutty Thomas, Jiji Koshy, Gijo Jose,
Ajay Jose, Manuja M And George K C


P 050
Effect of Nano Aluminum Titanate on the Electrical Properties of
Corn Starch-NH
4
SCN Polymer Electrolytes
103
S.Abarna, A.Vidhya, S.Jeya, S.Karthigaimala, B.Sundareasan, G.Hirankumar


P 051
Biosynthesis of ZnO Nanoparticle Using Water Hyacinth Root
Extract and its Antimicrobial Activity
104

S.Begila David


P 052
Understanding Photoluminescence in Nanosheets Comprising
Chemically Modified Boron honeycomb lattice
105

Saroj Kumar Das And Kabeer Jasuja



14

P 053
Synthesis, Characterization and Magnetic Studies of Mn
12
based
SMM
106

Shilpi Verma And Priti Singh



P 054
Organic Nanoparticles Composed of Frchet-type Dendrons:
Synthesis, Characterization, Self-assembly and Reversible Guest
Encapsulation
107

Sreedevi Krishnakumar, Karical R. Gopidas


P 055
Synthesis and Characterisation of Nanocellulose from Arecanut
Fibres by Tempo-Oxidation and its Modification for Self Assembly
108

Sumesh Soman, Surya B. S., Prasad V. S.
*


P 056
Effect of pH on the Structrual and Optical properties of SnO
2

Nanoparticles
108

V.Shally, M.Priya Dharshini .Gerardin Jayam*


P 057
Synthesis and Characterization of Casein-G-Poly (Ethyl
Methacrylate) Nanoparticles
109

A. Sophia Sharone, A.Malar Retna


P 058
Synthesis of Ambient Curing, Strain Tolerant Epoxy Adhesive
110

Anitha S., Ranajit Pal
*
, Suchithra C.
#
, and Suraj S.


P 059
A Facile Method for Synthesis of Polystyrene-Clay Nanocomposites
with Self-Assembling Properties Using Adduct Modified Clay
111

Annu Raju, Lakshmi V, Asha Susan Chacko, T.P.D. Rajan , C.Pavithran and V.S
Prasad


P 060
Effect of Fatty Acids on Mechanical & Anti-Corrosive Properties of
Water Based Epoxy Ester Coatings
113

Ashish Pratap Singh, C.Suryanarayana, R.Baloji Naik, S.K.Singh and G.Gunasekaran




P 061
Finite Element Analysis of Carbon Nano tube Reinforced Composite
with Modified Beam Model
114

Brahmadathan V B, Remesh S


P 062
Ion Conduction Mechanism In Nano Composite Proton Conducting
Polymer Electrolyte
115

C. Ambika

, G. Hirankumar


P 063
Conceptual Design of Collapsible Membrane Tank
116

Denny C D, Bindu Kumar K, R Manuel Sathya



15

P 064
Synthesis and Charecterisation Of Some Polyols Based on Cashew
Nut Shell Liquid
117

Y.Jasmala Joy , A.Malar Retna



P 065
pH-Sensitive Biodegradable and Biocompatible Polymersomes for
the Intracellular Release of 5-Fluoro Uracil
118

Jeena Abraham, Beena Mathew


P 066
Covalent Polymer Functionalisation of Graphene oxide
118

Jinu Joji, Raneesh Konnola, Kuruvilla Joseph


P 067
Epoxy Alumina Particulate Composites - Effect of Particle Size and
Fillers Dispersing Additives on Thermal, Mechanical and Interface
Properties
119

Leena K., Sibin C. S., Chitra A., Suchitra C. Suraj S.


P 068
Spectral, Thermal, and Photoreactivity Studies on Epoxy
Resin Containing Benzylidene Units in the Main Chain
120

M.Natarajan, P.S. Balakrishnan And S.C. Murugavel *


P 069
Influence of Graphene on Polychloroprene Rubber Nanocomposites
121

Maya M.G*, Soney C. George*, Sabu Thomas


P 070
Polyaniline-Reduced Graphene oxide/ Polystyrene Nanocomposite
as EMI Shielding Material
122

Mehatab Nabi S.,Hemanth Gupta T., Remyamol T., Honey John*


P 071
Complexation of Metal Ions With Oxygen Containing Copolymers -
Kinetic, Isothermal and Thermodynamic Properties
123

Mrudula M S, M R Gopinathan Nair


P 072
Synthesis of Polyurethane Composites based on Cardanol and Coir
Fibres
123

N. J. Sangeetha and A. Malar Retna


P 073
Therml and Mechanical Properties of Some Interpenetrating
Polymer Networks Synthesized from Vegetable Oils
124

N.T.Nevaditha *, S. Gopalakrishnan**, and C. V. Mythili


P 074
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Cellulose Based Drug
Delivery System for the Controlled Delivery of Aniti-Cancer Drug
125

Nima J, Divya P.L, Anirudhan T.S





16

P 075
Novel Polypyrrole Coated Fe-Doped Titania Polymerised with
Itaconic Acid for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotics from
Waste Water
126

P.L.Divya, J. Nima, T. S. Anirudhan


P 076
Development of Composite Brake Pad For Automobiles by
Infiltration Casting
127

Rahul P.S., Ganesh M, T.P.D. Rajan


P 077
Quasi-static three point bending behaviour of aluminium foam
sandwich Beam
128

Darshal Kantilal Nahar, Rajeev Chaturvedi, Siddhartha Jain, A.Sekar


P 078
Ceramics Processed by Precursor Sol Infiltration Technique
129

Sanchita Baitalik , Omprakash Chakrabarti, Nijhuma Kayal


P 079
Analysis of composite material made of Ridge gourd fiber reinforced
with Corn Starch
130

Saran Kumar K,

Karthick S


P 080
Correlation Between Structural and Optical Properties of Dy and Ce
Doped ZnNiO Nanocomposites
131
Shijina K, Megha U And George Varghese


P 081
Synergistic Effect of CNT and Nanoclay on the Properties of
Chlorobutyl Rubber Nanocomposites
132

Shilpa K., Rincy Sebastian, Saritha.A*


P 082
Effect of Coprecipitated Nickel Ferrite on the Mechanical and
Magnetic Properties of Natural Rubber-Ferrite Composites
133

Sithara T, Aiswarya A R, Sreedha Sambhudevan

P 083
Synthesis And Characterisation of Epoxy Composites From
Vegetable Oils
134

T.J.Sasikala, A.Malar Retna


P 084
The Pervaporation Performance of PVA Nanocomposite Membranes
135

Thomasukutty Jose


P 085
Structural Characteristics and Magnetic Behaviour of Cobalt Ferrite
Filled Natural Rubber Nanocomposites
136

Vishnu Jith U R, Arya Anil, Tomlal Jose E



P 086
III-V Compound Materials Based Heterostructure Devices
137

T.D.Subash

,T.Gnanasekaran



17



P 087
Characterization of Water Proofed Silica Tiles by Confocal Raman
Imaging
138

Bhuvaneswari S, Nisha Balachandran, Sadhana R, Benny K George





P 088
Annealing Effect of Vanadium Oxide Films on Optical and
Structural Properties
139

C. M. Esther, D. Porwal, , I. N. Reddy, Yougandar B, Sridhara N, D. Rangappa, N. P.
Yadav, P. Bera, C. Anandan, A. K. Sharma, A. Dey



P 089
Polyaniline-Reduced Graphene oxide Hybrid for CO
2
Adsorption
141

Avinesh D., Remyamol T., Honey John



P 090
Functionalization of Nanoclays with Ionic Liquids
142

Eapen Thomas, Nisha Balachandran, Vijayalakshmi K.P., Sadhana R., Benny
K.George



P 091 Dielectric and Magnetic Characterization of double perovskite
Ca
2
FeMoO
6
synthesized in H
2
:Ar gas
143

Jasnamol P P, Neenu Lekshmi P, Manoj Raama Varma



P 092
Unique Structural Realization in the Supramolecular Complexes of
Endohedral Fullerene Porphyrin Systems
144

Keerthi G. Nair, Subhashree Raghavan, Biji Pullithadathil, Shankara Gayathri
Radhakrishnan



P 093
Structural and optical properties of barium alumino borosilicate glass
145

M.S. Salinigopal, N. Gopakumar, P. S. Anjana



P 094
Oxygen vacancy induced charge order suppression in
Sm
0.55
Sr
0.45
MnO
3
manganite thin films
146

Manoj K. Srivastava, Vasudha Agarwal, Amarjeet Kaur, H. K. Singh




P 095
Low-Cost Sodium Silicate Derived Mesoporous Silica Aerogel
Supports for CO
2
Sequestration
147

Minju Asokan, P.V. Abhilash, K.A. Suhailath, A. Peermohamed and S.Ananthakumar




P 096
Stimuli-Controlled Switching of Electronic Property in
Ru(II) and Ir(III) complexes within N-Heterocyclic Carbene
(NHC)- Pyridyl Dynamic Platform
148

Moumita Mondal, Ranjeesh T. K., Suraj K. Gupta, Joyanta Choudhury




P 097
Thickness dependent Phase-separation in La
0.58-y
Pr
y
Ca
0.42
MnO
3

(y=0.40) manganite thin films
149
Vasudha Agarwal, H.K. Singh






18

P 098
Biomass-Based Adsorbents for Reactive Barriers -Kinetic and
Equilibrium Modeling of Pb(II) Adsorption
151

U.S. Aswathy, Nisha Mathew, G.R. Divya, Arya Vijayan, S. Arya, K. Anoop Krishnan




P 099
Preparation and Characterization of Alginate Dialdehyde - Gelatin
Hydrogels Containing Silver Nanoparticles Indented for Tissue
Engineering Applications
152

Resmi R, Roy Joseph, Annie John




P 100
Synthesis And Characterization of a New Series of Catalytically and
Biologically Active Transition Metal Schiff Base Complexes
Derived from Quinoxaline-2-Carboxaldehyde
153

S. Mayadevi, Preetha G. Prasad, V.P. Jayachandran
c
, K. Mohammed Yusuff
D





P 101
Studies on the Effect of Montmorillonite Clay in Combination With
TiO
2
on the Properties of Chitosan
154

Vijayalekshmi.V, Chithra P.G




P 102
Graphene Oxide/ Boron Nitride Composite Foam with Enhanced
Mechanical Stability
155

Soumya Vinod, Chandra Sekhar Tiwary, Pulickel M.Ajayan*

















19














Keynote Address / Plenary Lectures













20





























21

Keynote Address

NanoEngineering: Challenges and Opportunities

Pulickel M. Ajayan
Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering
Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
Email: ajayan@rice.edu


The talk will discuss our recent efforts in engineering nanostructured materials from
building blocks that range in size, dimensionality and properties. The idea of engineering
nanostructures to build functional materials captures the essence of nanotechnology and the
challenges and opportunities in this area will be discussed. One dimensional nanostructures
such as carbon nanotubes and the emerging two-dimensional atomic layers as novel building
blocks will be considered. The creation of three-dimensional architectures from nanoscale
building blocks will lead to new opportunities and the challenges involved in this approach
will be highlighted. The talk will focus on engineered nanomaterials as a platform for several
applications that include nanocomposites, energy storage, low dimensional devices etc.














22

PL 01 Mass Spectrometry and Materials Science

T Pradeep
DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 60036, India.
Email: pradeep@iitm.ac.in

Mass spectrometry has crossed 100 years in its history. However, several new exciting
possibilities have come up in this area in the very recent past. My talk will present a few of
those possibilities. Today, mass spectrometry is used to understand nanomaterials and
explore their chemistry with atomic precision. New methods are being developed so that
mass spectrometry can be used to do chemistry and not only chemical analysis. Novel
methods of ionization are catching attention. Some of them use nanomaterials. For example,
ambient ionization is achieved by spraying from a carbon nanotube (CNT) impregnated
paper surface under the influence of small voltages (1 V). Recent excitements in the area
of mass spectrometry include processing of nanoscale materials. Exotic materials such as
ices can be examined using mass spectrometry.

References
1) R. N. D Sarkar, R. Cooks and T. Pradeep, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014 ,53 59365940
2) A. Mathew, G. Natarajan, L. Lehtovaara, H. Hkkinen, R. Kumar, V. Subramanian, A.
Jaleel, T. Pradeep, ACS Nano, 2014, 8, 139-152.
3) S. Bag, R. G. Bhuin, R.R. J. Methikkalam, L. Kephart, J. Walker, K. Kuchta, D. Martin,
J. Wei and T. Pradeep, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 2014, 85, 014103 1-7.













23

PL 03 From Macromolecular Structure to Polymer Processing: A
Case Study of Extrusion Film Casting Process

Ashish Lele
Polymers and Advanced Materials Laboratory
National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, INDIA
Email: ak.lele@ncl.res.in

Relating polymer microstructure to melt processing performance has been a major
research theme in my group at the CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory. Over the past ten
years we have been gradually building competencies to address this scientific challenge.
Specifically, we have built several tool-boxes of scientific techniques that include: (1)
experimental measurements of the structure and properties of polymers from molecular to
macroscopic length scales, (2) coarse-grained-mean-field theories of polymer dynamics, (3)
continuum CFD simulations of polymer processing and (4) experimental validation. In this
talk I will present a case study of extrusion film casting process in which we have
investigated the role of macromolecular attributes such as molecular weight distribution and
long chain branching on the extent of necking of polymer films during casting.
















24

PL 04 Light Sculptured Photonic Materials: Fabrication and
Applications

Joby Joseph
Photonics Research Lab., Physics Department, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, INDIA.

Fabrication of photonic structures on relevant length scales can be achieved by
means of various techniques such as electron or ion beam writing, deposition methods, self
assembly, interference lithography etc. The prime advantage of interference lithography here
is, to fabricate large area defect-free nano-photonic structures both rapidly and cheaply. The
presentation gives an overview of the technique of interference lithography in combination
with direct laser writing for photonic structure fabrication, and describes novel
reconfigurable phase engineering based fabrication technique which is least complex and
provide more flexibility compared to existing techniques, at the same time this technique is
capable of sculpturing of highly complex photonic structures. Fabrication of complex
photonic structures has been achieved with potential for many applications such as, photonic
circuits, photonic devices, light extraction, optical tweezers, biosensors,
metamaterials etc.

















25

P 05 Novel Composites based on EPDM and EPDM/FKM Rubber
Blends: EMI Shielding Applications

Ajalesh B Nair and Rani Joseph*
Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology
Cochin University of Science & Technology, Kochi-682 022, India.
E-mail: rani@cusat.ac.in

The electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of Expanded
Graphite (EG) filled ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) and EPDM/hexa
fluoropropylene-vinylidinefluoride dipolymer rubber (EPDM/FKM) blends (compatibilized
and uncompatibilized) was studied in the frequency range 8.2 to 12.4 GHz (X-band). It was
observed that, at a particular frequency, the shielding effectiveness increases with increasing
loading of EG in the composite. The maximum efficiency of shielding electromagnetic
interference increased up to 12 dB. This improved efficiency of shielding electromagnetic
interference may be caused by a well organized conductive network of EG in rubber matrix.
It was observed that the mechanism of EMI shielding efficiency (EMI SE) is due to
absorption. Because of their semi-conductive behavior these composites can nd application
as flexible antistatic materials and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding material for
use in the electronics industry.

References
1) T. W Kim, H.R Lee, S.S Kim andY.S Lim, Adv. Mater. Res, 2007, 305
2) Barker T, IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 1995.
3) J.L Wojkiewicz, S. Fauveaux and Miane JL, Synth. Met, 2003, 127
4) A. B Nair, P. Kurian and R. Joseph, Mater and Des, 2012, 40
5) A. B Nair, P. Kurian and R. Joseph, Mater and Des, 2012, 36
6) P. K Pramanik, T. N Saha, D. Khastgir, J. Elastomers Plast, 1991, 23
7) D. D. L Chung, Carbon, 2001, 39
8) M. H Al-Saleh and U. Sundararaj, Carbon, 2001, 47
9) P. F Wilson Adams and J. W Ma MT, Proc. IEEE, 1986, 74
10) N. F Colaneri and L. W Shacklette, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 1992, 41








26

PL 06 Materials Related Challenges and Opportunities in
Electrochemical Energy Generation and Storage

Vijayamohanan K. Pillai
Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi. India.
Email: vk.pillai@ncl.res.in; vijay@cecri.res.in

Many materials related challenge exist in Electrochemistry covering the entire span
of electrode materials for fuel cells and next generation batteries on one hand to ultrafast and
highly selective electrochemical sensors for neurotransmitters on the other hand. e Nano-
structured materials have attracted much attention recently in many electrochemical devices
due to the possibility of tailoring their dimensionality to facilitate a change in their
fundamental properties including mechanical, electrical, optical or electrochemical behavior
in comparison with similar behavior of their bulk analogues. Consequently, much effort has
been directed towards the fabrication of shape selective nanostructures because of their
exquisite size and shape dependent properties and also their technological relevance in
diverse areas such as electrocatalysis, photoelectrochemistry, electrochemical sensors and
electrochemical power sources. These nanostructures are generally synthesized in many
forms including highly monodispersed spherical nanoparticles to several anisotropic
nanostructures such as wires/rods, tubes and ribbons. It is generally accepted that the
morphology of a nanostructure could be remarkably tuned during the synthesis by
controlling pertinent parameters such as temperature, nature of surfactant, metal ion to
capping molecule ratio, and the concentration of other additives in order to control the
physical and chemical properties of these materials. As a result, various methods have been
developed to generate many of these nano level architectures with good shape control
including the use of many soft as well as hard templates.

In the past, several nanostructured materials like Ag, Au, Pd, Rh, Carbon nanotubes,
graphene nanoribbons as well as quantum dots have been prepared by our group with or
without using templates to unravel their distinct behavior and a comparison with the
properties of bulk materials show their promise for many new applications. As a part of our
continuing quest for preparing hybrid materials with novel or enhanced properties, this
lecture will discuss the impact of such nanomaterials on electrochemical energy
generation and storage citing specific examples of functionalized carbon nanotubes for
Zinc-Bromine Redox flow Fuel cells, composite polymer electrolytes and the utility of
platinum Y-junction nanostructures for fuel cell applications. Electrochemical
transformation of carbon nanutubes to graphene nanoribbons as well as quantum dots would
also be discussed with their potential applications for energy storage






27

References
1) M Subhramannia, K Ramaiyan, M Aslam, V K. Pillai, J. Electroanal. Chem.
2009 627, 58-62
2) K Ramaiyan, B A. Kakade, V K. Pillai, Angew Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 2653-
56
3) D B. Shinde, et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 41684.
4) 4. D B.Shinde, V K. Pillai., Angew Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 47,56
5) H Kalita, V Harikrishnan, D B Shinde, V K Pillai and M Aslam, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2013,
102,143,104






















28

PL 07 Nanostructured Materials: Electrocatalysts and Surface
Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates

S Sampath
Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
Indian Institute of Science
Bangalore 560 012

The present lecture will explain the use of nanostructured electrocatalysts for various
fundamental reactions, particularly hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Electrocatalysis as a
branch of electrochemistry is very old which has attracted renewed interest in recent times.
Consistent efforts have been in place to replace Pt in various reactions of interest. Research
and development of electrode materials for small molecule oxidation, oxygen reduction
reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)
has resulted in variety of new and novel materials based on nitrides, carbides and
chalcogenides.

We have been involved in development of catalysts based on transition metal
nitrides, carbides and chalcogenides towards methanol / ethanol oxidation, ORR, HER and
OER. Some of the recent results will be explained in the present lecture.

Prof. S Sampath and co-workers,

Chem. Comm., 2014, 50, 7359
Chem. Comm., 2014, 50, 3061
Chem. Asian J., 2014, 9, 838
Nanoscale., 2013, 21(5), 10646
Chem. Comm., 2013, 49, 6173
Phy. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2013, 15(22), 8744
ACS Appl. Mater. Inter, 2012, 4(8), 3818










29

PL 08 Photoresponsive Materials
Suresh Das
Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, (CSIR),
Trivandrum 695 019, India

The design of externally addressable molecules such as photochromics is of
significant interest since they can give rise to so-called stimuli sensitive smart materials.
One of the major challenges of designing such systems is that bulk photochemical and
photophysical properties of materials can vary significantly from that of the individual
molecules, and depend strongly upon interactions such as intermolecular dipole coupling
which in turn are determined by the relative positions of adjacent molecules and
supramolecular interactions between them. Understanding the nature of the interactions that
determine the packing of molecules in the materials and how they affect their optical and
electronic characteristics is therefore essential for tuning their material properties.
In this context, we have been interested in the design and study of novel amphiphilic
photochromic molecules which can self-assemble into photoresponsive liquid crystals,
vesicles

and

gels. We have also investigated how molecular packing affects the macroscopic
luminescent properties of these molecules using single crystal analyses. This role of self-
assembly in controlling the photochemical and photophysical properties of such materials
will be discussed.















30





























31














Invited Lectures














32





























33

IL 01 Electrospinning: A Fascinating Fiber Fabrication
Technology and Its Biomedical Applications

Nirmala Rachel James
Dept. of Chemsitry, IIST

With the rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology over the last two
decades, significant progress has been made not only in preparation and characterization of
nanomaterials, but also in their applications. As an important one-dimensional nanomaterial,
nanofibers have extremely high specific surface area because of their small diameters, and
nanofiber membranes are highly porous with excellent pore interconnectivity. These unique
characteristics plus the functionalities from the polymers themselves impart nanofibers with
many desirable properties for advanced applications. Several methods have been developed
to fabricate nanofibers, such as template (1), self-assembly (2), phase separation (3),
meltblowing (4) and electrospinning (5-8).

Compared to other nanofiber fabrication techniques, electrospinning is by far the
most popular technique to use because this method is simple, cost-effective and capable of
producing continuous nanofibers. Electrospinning is a process of creating solid continuous
fibers of material with diameter in the micro- to nanometer range by using electric fields.
One attractive feature of electrospinning is the simplicity and inexpensive nature of the
setup. Electrospinning produces fibers of thinner diameters via a contactless procedure. It is
less complex than self-assembly and can be used for a wide range of materials unlike phase
separation. Electrospinning technique is applicable to virtually every soluble or fusible
polymer and is capable of spinning fibers in a variety of shapes and sizes with a wide range
of properties to be used in a broad range of biomedical and industrial applications.
Electrospinning requires a very simple and economical setup but is an intricate process that
depends on several molecular, processing, and technical parameters. The most basic
electrospinning setup consists of four major components: a syringe pump, a high voltage
power supply, an electrically conducting spinneret, and a collector separated at a defined
distance.

A large chunk of research on polymer nanofibers has been devoted to the studies of their
processing and characterization. Nanofiber researchers are now able to control the fiber
morphology, fiber diameter and patterning of fiber deposition. These developments have
provided thrust to the goal of realizing potential applications of nanofibers. Major possible
applications are categorized into Bioengineering, Biotechnology, Energy, Electronics and
Defense & security. Lecture will provide a basic understanding of the electrospinning
process and the major application areas. Trends in applications in biomedical field will be
highlighted. Recent approaches in electrospinning of natural polymers will also be discussed.





34

References
1) Ikegame, M., Tajima, K. & Aida, T. Angewandte Chemie, International Edition, 2003,
42, 19, 2154-2157.
2) Hong, Y., Legge, R.L., Zhang, S. & Chen, P. Biomacromolecules 2003, 4, 5, 1433- 1442.
3) Ma, P.X. & Zhang, R. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 1999, 46, 1, 60-72.
4) Ellison, C.J., Phatak, A., Giles, D.W., Macosko, C.W. & Bates, F.S, Polymer, 2007, 48,
20, 6180.
5) Doshi, J. & Reneker, D.H. Journal of Electrostatics, 1995, 35, 2&3, 151-60.
























35

IL 02 Welding of Maraging Steels and their Properties

a
Gurpreet Singh,
b
Arpan kumar Sahoo,
a
Chakravarthy P,
c
Venkateswaran T
a
Indian Institute of Space science and Technology
b
ISRO Satellite Centre
C
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre

Maraging steels are a class of ultra high strength steel that undergoes diffusionless
martensitic transformation on quenching & on subsequent aging develops high strength
through precipitation of fine intermetallic compounds. Their application isnt restricted to
aerospace industries (where technological advanced material is the key requirement) for the
fabrication of rocket motors casing in launch vehicle & missiles, but also to submarine hulls
or automobile industries, etc. M250 steel was selected for the current investigation that has
wide applications and was solutionised at 815C for 1 hour in a muffle furnace and cooled in
air.
The solutionised steel was subjected to metallographic studies and their
microstructure revealed blocky and stingy martensite. Hardness was measured on the
solutionised samples to understand the properties associated with the microstructure.
Maraging steel plates were subjected to TIG welding and the microstructures were studied.
The microstructure revealed distinguished heat affected zones from the weld pool. Hardness
of the welded plates across the weld supported the microstructural change as observed in the
microstructure. The change in hardness was understood due to the formation of reversion of
austenite which is relatively softer & micro-segregation of intermetallic precipitates that
makes the steel harder. The formation of reversed austenite or precipitation was accounted
by the heat supplied during the welding. Ageing was carried out at 480C for 3 hours and the
hardness measurement revealed an increase in the hardness from 319 HV to 540HV. The
precipitation of fine intermetallic compounds resulted in the increase in the hardness.

Key words: Maraging steel, TIG welding, Ageing, heat affected zones










36





























37















Contributory Lectures













38





























39

CL 01 Quantum dot Functionalized Singlewall Carbon Nanotube
for Cancer Cell Imaging and Targetted Photothermal Therapy

Lakshmi.V.Nair, R.S.Jayasree*
Biophotonics and Imaging Lab, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and
Technology,Trivandrum, Kerala, 6950
Email: lakshmivbm@gmail.com

Translation from single to multiple nano systems to suit varied applications is a
promising field of nanotechnology.
1
Hybrid nanomaterials are emerging as multifunctional
and multimodal systems in biomedical applications. These materials are of great interest in
biomedical applications due to their potential use in multiple parallel applications.
2
In this
study, we demonstrate the use of a hybrid nanomaterial made of semiconducting quantum
dot and single wall carbon nanotube (Qd@CNT) for cellular imaging and targeted therapy.
3

Furthermore, folic acid conjugated hybrid system, FaQd@CNT, enables the selective
targeting of the same inside the cancer cell. The imaging capability of quantum dot and the
therapeutic potential of carbon nanotubes have been made available in a single system along
with cancer targeting property. Heat generated by the developed system was found to be high
even with a laser irradiation for a duration of 4 min. Specific photothermal destruction of
cancer cells has been achieved with the developed FaQd@CNT compared to the nonspecific
and less effective response of Qd@CNT. The nanosystem of the study can be used as a smart
intelligent probe for tumor imaging and its therapy at a very early stage.

References
1) Shi, W.; Zeng, H.; Sahoo, Y.; Ohulchanskyy, T. Y.; Ding, Y.; Wang, Z. L.; Swihart, M.;
Prasad, P. N. Nano Lett. 2006, 6, 875-881.
2) Park, H.; Yang, J.; .Seo, S.; Kim, K.; Suh, J.; Kim, D.; Haam, S.; HwaYoo, K. small
2008, 4, 192-196.
3) Lakshmi. V. N.; Nagaoka , Y.; Maekawa , T.; Sakthikumar , D.; Jayasree, R. S. Small
2014, DOI: 10.1002/smll.201400418.













40

CL 02 Structure-based Design of 4-benzylidenehydrazonothiazoles
as Selective ATP Competitive Aurora Inhibitors

Sarah T, Sreejalekshmi K G*
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and
Technology,Thiruvananthapuram,Kerala, 695547, India
Email: Sarah.11@iist.ac.in

Target selectivity and specificity of anticancer agents are the challenging areas in
drug design and development. Identification of molecules targeting proteins with specific
functions in mitosis is found to be an effective way to achieve selectivity and specificity for
anticancer agents. A subgroup of serine/threonine protein kinases, Aurora kinases (AURK),
have distinct roles in mitotic cell division.
1
It is evidenced that aberrant AURK can lead to
chromosomal misalignment and errors in segregation. Many of the human cancer cells,
breast cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, and gastric cancer are shown
to have overexpression of AURK
2,3
and hence design of small molecule inhibitors of these
signalling proteins are getting much attention in anticancer research.
4
Motivated by
bioactivity of aminothiazoles
5
and 2-hydrazinothiazoles,
6
we felt worth examining their
unexplored analogues, 4-hydrazonothiazoles as potential anticancer agents. Currently our
research focuses on design of a family of 4-benzylidenehydrazonothiazoles as selective
Aurora inhibitors. Herein, we used computational tools to create a virtual library of 700
novel molecules and identified the compounds as ATP competitive inhibitors of AURKA in
the hinge region with DFG-out conformation through structure-based ligand docking. We
report virtual screening of the novel ligands in AURKA inhibitors and in vitro studies on
human cancer cell lines.



Figure 1. Binding of ligand in the ATP binding site of AURKA(PDB ID:3UOK)


DFG
motif
Hin
ge

41

References
1) Tatsuka M.; Katayama H.; Ota T. et al. Cancer Res. 1998, 58, 4811-4816.
2) Dar, A. A.; Goff, L.W.; Majid, S. et al. Mol. Cancer. Ther.2010, 9, 268-278.
3) Katsha, A.; Arras, J.; Soutto, M. et al. Mol.Oncol. 2014, xxx, 1-10.
4) Luo, Y.; Deng, Y. Q.; Wang, J. et al. Eur. J. Med. Chem.2014, 78, 65-71.
5) Smith, B.; Chang, H.; Medda, F. et al. Bioorg. Med.Chem.Lett.2012, 22, 3567-3570.
6) Yurttas, L.; Ozkay, Y.; Kaplancikli, Z. A. ei al. J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem.2012, 1-6.



CL 03 Design and Fabrication of a Novel Potentiometric Sensor
Using Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Based Molecular Imprinted
Polymer for the Trace Level Detection of Hemoglobin in Real
Samples

Sheeba Alexander , T.S.Anirudhan*
Dept. of Chemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Trivandrum, 695 581, India
Email:sheebaalexander2013@gmail.com

In this work a novel potentiometric sensor was developed with high selectivity and
sensitivity for the detection of hemoglobin using surface modified multiwalled carbon
nanotube (MWCNT). MWCNT is oxidized using Con.HNO
3
, and the oxidised MWCNT is
grafted using epichlorohydrin (ECH). The epoxide ring present on the surface of MWCNT
reacts with allyl alcohol in presence of sodium to form vinylated MWCNT (MWCNT-
CH=CH
2
). MWCNT based imprinted polymer (MWCNT-MIP) was prepared by means of
itachonic acid (IA) as the monomer, ethelene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross
linker, , -azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator and hemoglobin (Hb as the
template molecule. Hemoglobin (Hb) is a metalloprotein found in red blood cells liable for
oxygen transport in the blood of vertebrate.
1
FTIR, XRD, Raman and SEM analyses were
carried out for the characterization of MWCNT-MIP and the optimizations of analytical
parameters were also done. The organized MWCNT-MIP sensor possesses a wide linear
range over Hb concentration from 0.5 to 10.0 g/mL with a detection limit of 1 g/mL (3).
People with hematuria the concentration of Hb in the urine is of about 1.0 mg/ml.
2
The
developed MWCNT-MIP sensor was successfully useful for human bile juice and urine
samples.

References
1) Garrett, R. H. Grisham Biochemistry, C.M. 4th edn. Brooks Cole, Boston, 2010.
2) Packham, D. K.; Perkovic, V.; Savige, J.; Broome, M. R. Seminars in Nephrology, 2005,
25, 146-148.



42

CL 04 Functionalized Superparamagnetic Fe
3
O
4
Nanoparticles as
an Efficient Quasi-homogeneous Catalyst for Multi-component
Reactions

U. Chinna Rajesh and Diwan S. Rawat*
Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
Email: alchem.chinna@gmail.com

The MNPs have been found as sustainable catalysts or catalyst supports in organic
synthesis due to their unique properties including huge surface area, non-toxic, recoverable
with an external magnet, and avoids the work up/filtration of the catalyst.
1
The
functionalized MNPs have been increasingly exploited in the area of biomedicine and
catalysis.
2
Several metal NPs or metal complexes have been supported on the MNPs to
explore catalytic potential for various organic conversions. However, limited reports
available on metal free, ionic liquid functionalized MNPs as recyclable catalysts for
multicomponent reactions.
3

In this context, and in continuation of our efforts to design efficient nano materials as
recyclable catalysts,
4
we have demonstrated the synthesis and characterization of
[N
4444
][Val] ionic liquid grafted on 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane coated superparamagnetic
Fe
3
O
4
NPs (VIF). The VIF catalyst was used as an efficient quasi-homogeneous catalyst
for multi-component synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines and 2-amino-4-(indol-3-yl)-4H-
chromenes and spiroxindoles at room temperature. VIF catalyst was recovered by using an
external magnet and recycled for six times without significant loss in catalytic activity.
Moreover, VIF is a quasi-homogeneous catalyst can bridge the gap between homogeneous
and heterogeneous catalysis.



Figure 1. VIF as a quasi-homogeneous catalyst





43

References
1) (a) Baig, R. B. N.; Varma, R. S. Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, 752; (b) Kainz, Q. M.;
Reiser O. Acc. Chem. Res. 2014, 47, 667.
2) (a) Berry, C. C. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2009, 42, doi:10.1088/0022-
3727/42/22/224003;(b) Akbarzadeh, A.; Samiei,M.; Davaran, S. Nanoscale Res. Lett.
2012, 7, 144.
3) (a) Riente, P.; Mendoza, C.; Pericas, M. A. J. Mater. Chem. 2011, 21, 7350; (b) Kong,
Y.; Tan, R.; Zhao, L.; Yin, D. Green Chem. 2013, 15, 2422.
4) (a) Arya, K.; Rajesh, U. C.; Rawat, D. S. Green Chem. 2012, 14, 3344; (b) Rajesh,U. C.;
Manohar, S.; Rawat, D. S. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2013, 355, 3170.



CL 05 Synthesis, Characterization of 4,4-Dihydroxy
Benzopheneone Based NovolacEpoxy: Thermal and Interface
Property Evaluation with DGEBA and 1-Cyanoguanidine

Monisha Baby, Ranajit Pal
*
, NimmiFrancis,Supriya N.
#
,SurajS.
Polymers and Special Chemicals Division,
#
Analytical and Spectroscopic Division
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram
Kerala-695022
Email:monishababy87@gmail.com

One part epoxy adhesive systems are widely used in aerospace and other industries
because of their ease of handling and processing. Conventional one part epoxy adhesives are
formulated using epoxy resin based on diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol-A (DGEBA) in
combination with latent curative 1-cyanoguanidine (CGN). However, the application of
these systems is limited due to its poor performance at high temperature. Presently,aerospace
industries look for better high temperature (>150 C) performance material.
Herein we report, the synthesis and characterization of a novel novolac epoxy resin
possessing good high temperature performance when cured with CGN. 4,4-
dihydroxybenzophenone formaldehyde novolac (BZPN) was synthesized by the reaction of
4,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BZP) with paraformaldehyde (PF)in presence of strong acid
catalyst at elevated temperature.BZPN is further reacted with epichlorohydrin in presence of
alkali to synthesizenovolac epoxy resin (BZPNE). The formation of both BZPN and BZPNE
was confirmed by
1
H-NMR, FTIR. Molecular weight distribution of both BZPN and BZPNE
was obtained from gel permeation chromatography (GPC).Epoxy value of the product also
supported the formation of BZPNE. Different compositions of BZPNE (0%, 10%, 20%, and
30%) with DGEBA were formulated and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) was
performed for each composition to compute the activation energy and to predict the life of
the system at ambient temperature. Adhesive strength at room temperature (RT) of each
composition was also evaluated usingaluminium as interface, as per ASTM D 1002. The

44

glass transition temperature (T
g
) was evaluated by thermo mechanical analyzer. T
g
was
found to increase with increase in BZPNE amount. However, significant change in adhesive
strength was not observedat RT.

References
1) Liu,Y.; Zhang, C.; Du, Z.; Li, H.J. App. Polym. Sci.2006, 99, 858 868.
2) Pan, G.; Du, Z.; Zhang, C.; Li, C.; Yang, X.; Li, H. Polymer,2007, 48, 3686 3693.



CL 06 Structural, Thermal and Transport Properties of Polymer
Blend Composite Membranes for Fuel cell Applications

P Bahavan Palani
1
, K Sainul abidin, R Kannan
1
*, S Rajashabala
2
, G.Velraj
3
,
M.Sivakumar
4
1
Department of Physics, University College of Engineering, Anna University, Dindigul-
624622.
2
School of Physics, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625021.
3
Department of Physics, Periyar University, Selam-636011.
4
Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630003.
Email: bahavanpalani@gmail.com

We have prepared composite membranes for fuel cell applications. The protonated
MMT was synthesized by ion exchange process with column chromatographic technique.
The different concentration of Poly (vinylidene fluride) (PVdF), Poly (ethylene glycol)
(PEG) and Montmorillonite (MMT) were used for the membrane preparation. All the
membranes were prepared by using solution casting method. PVdF has blended with PEG in
steps of 2 wt.% and then dispersed with MMT in steps of 3 wt.%. The performance of the
membranes evaluated in terms of different characterization like Thermo Gravimetric
Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD),
water uptake, Ion exchange capacity (IEC) and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Thermal stability was decreased and water uptake increases when increasing concentration
of additives of PEG and MMT. The IEC values are increased with protonated MMT than the
non protonated composite membranes. XRD studies reveals that the increase of amorphous
nature with nano particle exfoliation. Incorporation of 9 wt.% of MMT in PVdF/PEG/MMT
with 10 V.% of sulfonated membrane delivers high proton conductivity value of 0.127 S cm
-
1
at room temperature with 100% humidity condition.







45

CL 07 High Specific Strength Carbon Foams Derived from
Sucrose and Milled Carbon Fiber

R. Narasimman, SujithVijayan, K. Prabhakaran *
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology,
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
Email: r.narasimman87@gmail.com

Carbon foam is an advanced high temperature material mainly used as thermal
protection applications due to its low thermal conductivity, fire resistance and light weight.
But, the application of carbon foams, especially those prepared from natural renewable
precursors like sucrose and tannin is limited by their poor strength. Various reinforcing
additives have been attempted to increase the mechanical strength of carbon foams prepared
from different precursor materials. Here, we prepared carbon fiber reinforced carbon
composite foams from molten sucrose and milled carbon fiber. The process involves thermo-
foaming of milled carbon fiber dispersions in molten sucrose followed by dehydration and
carbonization. The properties of the carbon composite foams were evaluated as a function of
fiber length and fiber concentration. The density and specific compressive strength of the
carbon foams increased with a decrease of fiber length and reached a maximum at a fiber
w strength observed at higher fiber length is due to the
agglomeration by bridging of the fibers. A maximum of 125 % increase in compressive
strength and 92% increase in specific compressive strength was achieved at a carbon fiber
concentration 2 wt.% of sucrose (~ 8 wt.% of matrix carbon).


Figure 1. (a) SEM photograph of carbon-carbon composite foam (b) Effect of fiber
concentration on the compressive strength of carbon fiber reinforced carbon composite
foams (fiber length-

References
1) Gallego NC, Klett JW. Carbon. 2003, 41, 14611466.
2) R. Narasimman, K. Prabhakaran. Carbon.2012, 50, 1999-2009.


0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
C
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
i
v
e

s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h

(
M
P
a
)
Fiber fraction
33 m carbon fiber

46

CL 08 Visible light photoconductivity in ZnO and ZnO-graphene
hybrids

M K Kavitha
1
, Pramod Gopinath
2
, Honey John
1
*
1
Department of Chemistry,
2
Department of Physics, Indian institute of Space Science and
Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695547, India
Email: kavitha.10@iist.ac.in

Graphene is a promising optoelectronic material due to its high carrier mobility and
ultra stability. Although graphene has many fascinating optical and electrical properties, its
relative low light absorption coefficient and fast recombination rate, have limited graphene
from practical optoelectronic applications
1
. Combining graphene with active components to
improve its performance and develop new functional applications has been attained
considerable attention recently. Combining ZnO and graphene we can facilitate photo-
induced charge separation by ZnO and electronic transport through graphene. ZnO is a wide
direct bandgap semiconductor with large exciton binding energy at room temperature. The
absorption of ZnO can be tuned within the visible spectral region by controlling the intrinsic
defect levels, which makes it an excellent photo detector in the sub-band gap regime. The
intrinsic defect levels create localized states within the band gap, which influences the
optical absorption and the carrier dynamics
2
.
ZnO nanocones with a dominating preferential orientation along an energetically less
favorable, oxygen terminated
) 1 1 10 (

facets were synthesized with a passivating capping agent.
Photoluminescence spectra demonstrate that the as-grown samples have both oxygen and
zinc vacancies, and after calcination in air oxygen vacancies vanish, but zinc vacancies are
enhanced. Photoconductivity of the samples reduces significantly upon calcination,
confirming the reduction in oxygen vacancies..
In order to combine the advantages of ZnO with visible light absorption and
graphene with extremely high carrier mobility, we present a layer by layer self assembly
technique to fabricate ZnO-graphene thin films for photocurrent generation. Due to the
efficient charge transfer, the response of the thin film is largely enhanced.










Figure 1. Energy diagram of ZnO and graphene.



47

References
1) Guo, W. ; Xu, S. ; Wu, Z.; Wang, N.; Loy, M. M. T.; Du, S.; Small 2013, 9, 3031-3036.
2) van Dijken, A.; Meulenkamp, E.A. ; Vanmaekelbergh, D.; Meijerink, A. J. Phys. Chem.
B 2000, 104, 1715-1723.



CL 09 High-throughput Quantum Chemistry Calculations and
Virtual Screening for Organic Semiconductor Solutions

Gopi Krishna Phani Dathar,* Mathew D Halls, David J Giesen, Shaun Kwak,
Alexander Goldberg, Thomas Hughes, Yixiang Cao, Jacob Gavartin
Mateials iene inge angaloe Inia inge , USA
E-mail: dathar@schrodinger.com

For the past 20 years the standard approach to drug discovery has been the
automated computational screening of chemical structure libraries to identify lead systems
for further investigation and experimental development. Recent advances in the power of
computational resources and the improvements in the efficiency and stability of first-
principles simulation packages has made it possible to apply this paradigm to challenges in
material science. It is now possible for multi-step property calculations using accurate
quantum-based methods to be executed automatically for diverse chemical libraries, with the
results collected in a growing data record. This record can then be sorted and mined to
identify exemplary candidates and establish critical structure-property limits within a
chemical design space. To date very few studies have been reported in which quantum
chemical calculations are carried out in a high-throughput fashion to compute properties and
screen for optimal materials solutions, however with time virtual screening will become
central to advanced materials chemistry research.
In this presentation, the use of high-throughput quantum chemistry to analyze and
screen a chemical structure library is demonstrated for key organic semiconductor
applications including organic light-emitting diode (OLED) and organic photovoltaic (OPV)
materials.
1, 2


References
1) Halls, M. D.; Djurovich, P. J.; Giesen, D. J.; Goldberg, A.; Sommer, J.; McAnally, E.;
Thompson, M. E. New J. Phys.; 2013, 15, 105029.
2) Bochevarov, A.D. et al., Int. J. Quantum Chem.; 2013,113, 21102142





48

CL 10 Chemically Modified Carbon Nanofillers as a Novel
Toughening Agent for Epoxy Matrix

Raneesh Konnola
1
, Jinu Joji
2
, Kuruvilla Joseph
1
*
1
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology,
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala- 695 547, India
2
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-BHOPAL,
Madhya Pradesh-462 066, India
Email: raneeshkonnola@gmail.com

Polymer composites reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and
graphene oxide (GO) have exhibited significant improvements in the mechanical and other
properties
1
. The larger surface area of GO increases the contact area with the polymer matrix
maximizing the stress transfer from the polymer to the nanofiller. The major difficulty in
optimizing composite properties with nano reinforcing agent is achieving sufficient
dispersion in the epoxy matrix. Chemical modification of carbon nanofillers has been a
promising route to achieve good dispersion and better properties. Although considerable
improvement in mechanical properties is observed, the improvement in toughness is
negligible. By judiciously selecting the modifier and grafting with nano reinforcing agent,
we can improve both the mechanical strength and fracture toughness of the composite. In
this work, we modified MWCNT and GO using carboxyl terminated poly(acrylonitrile-co-
butadiene) rubber (CTBN), polyethyleneimine and poly(phenylenesulfone), POSS and
poly(ether sulfone). Modification of nanofillers are characterized by using FTIR,
Raman,TGA, XRD and TEM. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of
modification of nanofillers on the fracture toughness, mechanical strength, thermal stability
and viscoelastic properties of epoxy nanocomposites.

Reference
1) Qiu, J.; Wang S.; J Appl Polym Sci, 2011, 119, 3670-4.



CL 11 Asymmetric Supercapacitor Devices Based on Dendritic
Conducting Polymer and Activated Carbon

Darshna Potphode, Sarada P Mishra, P Sivaraman, Manoranjan Patri*
Naval Materials Research Laboratory, Shil Badlapur Road, Anand Nagar, Ambernath-421
506, Thane, Maharashtra, India
E-mail: darshu.dp@gmail.com

Supercapacitor is promising candidate to provide pulse power within short period of
time with fast charge-discharge response.
1
Supercapacitors can bridge the gap between high

49

power density capacitors and high energy density batteries. They can be used in many
applications like hybrid vehicles, military weapons, cameras etc. where sudden surge of
power is required. Many polymers like polyaniline, polypyrrole and polythiophene, have
been used as electrode material in supercapacitors.
2

In this study, electrochemical performance of dendritic conducting polymer based on
triphenylamine as a core has been studied for energy storage application. Polymer of tris(4-
(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)phenyl)amine has been synthesized chemically. Electrochemical
characterization was carried out by cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge methods in 1M
tetraethylene ammonium tetrafluoroborate in acetonitrile as an electrolyte. Charge-discharge
profile shows specific capacitance of 255 F/g at current density of 2 A/g. Asymmetric
supercapacitor device were fabricated with synthesized conducting polymer as a positive
electrode while activated carbon as a negative electrode. Cyclic Voltammetry analysis shows
specific capacitance of 38 F/g for device at a scan rate of 25mV/s. The device exhibited 35%
of loss in specific capacitance after 1000 charge-discharge cycles. 3-dimensional structure of
polymer along with porous morphology might lead to high specific capacitance than regular
polythiophene.

References
1) Burke, A.; J. Power Sources, 2000, 91(1), 37-50.
2) Snook,G.A.; Kaob,P.; Best,A.S. Journal of Power Sources, 2011, 196, 112.
3) Roberts, M. E.; Wheeler, D. R.; McKenzie, B. B.; and Bunker, B. C.; J. Mater. Chem.,
2009, 19, 69776979.



CL 12 A Novel Approach to Prepare Alginate- k-carrageenan &
Alginate-Gelatin Hydrogel Beads for Controlled Drug Release.

Nibisha M P, Franklin J and Jinu George *
Department of Chemistry, Sacred Heart College Thevara, Kerala, 673013, India
Email: nibishamp@gmail.com

Hydrogels, the three dimensional hydrophilic polymeric networks, are presently
under investigation as a delivery system for bioactive molecules. Naturally derived hydrogel
beads are either composed of components or have macromolecular properties similar to the
natural extracellular matrix of human tissues.
1,2
Hydrogel beads derived from
alginate,gelatin and carrageenan have attracted attension for the development of sustained
and controlled release drug delivery systems due to their good biocompatibility,
biodegradation, nontoxicity upon in vivo administration
3,4,5
.The present work was focused
on the development and characterization of alginate-k-carrageenan and alginate-gelatin
hydrogel beads. Alginates are naturally derived polysaccharide block copolymers composed
of regions of -D-mannuronic acid monomers (M-blocks), regions of -L-guluronic acid
(G-blocks) and regions of interspersed M and G units.
6,7
. Alginate is one of the

50

polyuronates, an example of natural ionic polysaccharide forming chainchain association
leading to hydrogels with divalent cations (e.g. Ca2+).
8
Carrageenans are a family of
sulphated linear polysaccharides consisting of (13)-linked -galactose and (14)-linked
-D galactose units, which are variously substituted and modified to the 3,6-anhydro
derivative, depending on the source and extraction conditions.
9
The units are bound by
alternation -1,4 and -1,4 glycosidic linkages. Three main types of carrageenans are
known: kappa-k, lambda- and iota-i, depending on the number and the position of the ionic
sulphate groups in the structure of the molecule. The presence of a suitable cation, typically
potassium, or calcium is an absolute requirement as well for gelation of the carrageenans,
especially kappa to proceed.
10
Gelatin is a protein derived from denatured collagen that
contains high levels of hydroxyproline, proline and glycine. It is useful as a thermally
reversible gelling agent for encapsulation.
11

The hydrogel beads were developed via ionotropic gelation.
12
Alginate-k-carrageenan beads
were cross-linked with CaCl
2
-KCl salt solution and that of alginate-gelatin beads with CaCl
2

solution. The hydrogel beads were characterised by FT-IR & SEM. The swelling behaviour
of the obtained hydrogel beads were studied in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with a pH
7.4. In-vitro release of curcumin from alginate-k-carrageenan and alg-gelatin hydrogel beads
were carried out in phosphate buffered saline(PBS, pH 7.4). The properties of alginate-k-
carrageenan hydrogel beads were compared with alginate-gelatin hydrogel beads. The results
obtained indicated that the different formulations, both in case of alg-k-carrageenan and alg-
gelatin,the hydrogel beads have considerable potential as drug-carrier materials for drug
delivery in medicinal applications.

References:
1) Drury, J. L.; Mooney, D. J. Biomaterials. 2003, 24, 433751.
2) Peppas, N.; Hilt, J.; Khademhosseini, A.; Langer, R. Adv. Mater.2006, 18, 13451360.
3) Sankalia, M.G.; Mashru, R.C. ; Sankalia, J.M.; Sutariya, V. Int. J. Pharm.2006,312,14.
4) George,M.;Abraham,T.E.J.Control.Release. 2006, 114, 114.
5) Hua, S.; Ma, H.; Li, X.; Yang, H.; Wang, A. Int. J. Biol. Macromol.2010,46,517523.
6) Akhondi, H.; Taheri-Nassaj, E.; Taavoni-Gilan, A. J. Alloys Compd. 2009, 484,452457.
7) Liu,X.;Qian,L.;Shu,T.;Tong,Z.Polymers.2003,44,407412.
8) Fang,Y.;Al-Assaf,S.;Phillips,G.O;Nishinari,K.;Funami,T.;Williams,P.A.
Carbohydr.Polym. 2008,72 ,334341.
9) Tang, C.H. ; Wu, H.; Chen, Z.; Yang, X.Q. Food Res. Int. 39 .2006, 8797.
10) Campo,V.L.; KaWano, D.F. ; da Silva, D.B.; Carvalho, J.I. Carbohydr. Polym.2009, 77,
167180.
11) Krasaekoopt, W.; Bhandari ,B.; Deeth, H. Review: International Dairy Journal, 2003,
13, 313.
12) Lazaro, N.; Sevilla,A.L.;Morales, S.; Marques, A. M. Water Res.2003, 37, 2118.




51

CL 13 Effect of rf Power on Thermo-optical Properties of
Sputtered Vanadium (V) Oxide Films

D. Porwal
1,2
, C. M. Esther
1
, I. N. Reddy
3
, Yougandar B
1
, Sridhara N
1
, D. Rangappa
4
,
N. P. Yadav
2
, A. K. Sharma
1
, A. Dey
1
*
1
Thermal System Group, ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka,
560017,India
2
Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering & Technology, Jhansi, U.P., 284001,
India
3
Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama University, Chennai, T.N.,
600119, India
4
Center for Nanotechnology, Center for Post Graduate studies, VTU,
Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Email: porwaldeeksha10@gmail.com

Vanadium oxide thin films are often used in opto-electronic applications as smart
sensors, windows and switching purpose
1
. Here Vanadium (V) oxide thin film was grown on
quartz and Si (111) substrate by utilizing direct pulsed rf magnetron sputtering technique at
room temperature at three different rf powers of 100, 300 and 600 W for a deposition time of
60 minutes at working pressure of 1.5x10
-2
mbar. Crystalline phase was depicted from X-ray
diffraction investigation. Microstructural studies had been carried out by field emission
scanning electron microscopy. The transmittance and reflectance of the coated samples were
measured by UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 200 to 2300 nm.
Thinner film i.e. grown at 100 W showed an almost constant high transmittance value of
~94%, however, it was decreased to ~70% while it grown at 600 W which is much thicker
film (Fig. 1)
2
. Reflectance spectra were followed as correspondence. Extremely low solar
absorptance (0.011 to 0.186) has been evaluated by solar spectrum reflectometer. It was
increased as rf power also increased as expected. Finally, the IR emittance of coated samples
was reaming unaltered as ~0.8 while rf power increased from 100 W to 600 W measured by
an emissometer.
500 1000 1500 2000
0
20
40
60
80
100
R/V
2
O
5
-600W
R/V
2
O
5
-300W
T/V
2
O
5
-600W
T/V
2
O
5
-300W
R/V
2
O
5
-100W
T/V
2
O
5
-100W
R/Bare Quartz
T/Bare Quartz
T
r
a
n
s
m
i
t
t
a
n
c
e

/

R
e
f
l
e
c
t
a
n
c
e
(
%
)
Wavelength (nm)
T/Bare Quartz
T/V
2
O
5
-100W
T/V
2
O
5
-300W
T/V
2
O
5
-600W
R/Bare Quartz
R/V
2
O
5
-100W
R/V
2
O
5
-300W
R/V
2
O
5
-600W

Figure 1. Transmittance and reflectance of Vanadium (V) oxide coated quartz samples




52

References
1) Leroy, J.; Bessaudou, A.; Cosset, F.; Crunteanu A. Thin Solid Film. 2012, 520, 4823
4825.
2) Mlyuka, NR.; Niklasson, GA.; Granqvist, CG. Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C. 2009, 93, 1685
1687.



CL 14 Chemical Exfoliation of Layered Borides: An Avenue to
Synthesize Boron-Based Nanosheets Analogous to Chemically
Modified Graphene Nanosheets

Asha Liza James, Kabeer Jasuja*
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar,
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382424, India
Email: asha.james@iitgn.ac.in

While graphene (carbons famed two-dimensional allotrope) still commands center-
stage of the current research on nanosheets, interest has also hiked in nanomaterials
analogous to graphene
1
. Boron, carbons neighbor in the periodic table, offers an intriguing
case in its potential to form quasi-planar nanostructures. Two dimensional boron sheets have
been theoretically envisioned, but the experimental realization remains unaccomplished
2
.
We have recently been able to synthesize few nanometers thick lamellar
nanostructures comprising chemically modified boron honeycomb lattice, via an
ultrasonication assisted chemical exfoliation of layered borides. The synthetic strategy
utilizes the tools of ultrasonication and chelation to enable layer-by-layer exfoliation of the
layered borides to form a colloidal dispersion of nanosheets which are found to exhibit a
chemically modified boron lattice. This talk will present details of the exfoliation
methodology and the fundamental physico-chemical characteristics of the as synthesized
boron-based nanosheets. The morphological details (obtained from FESEM, TEM and
AFM), optical properties, surface charge and chemical analysis (by FTIR) will also be laid
out.
This research pursuit presents, for the first time, exfoliation of layered borides to
unveil an entirely new family of nanomaterials which enables manifestation of boron in
a quasi-planar nanoform, offering novel avenues to tap its characteristic properties.

References
1) Tang, Q.; Zhou, Z. Progr. Mater. Sci., 2013, 58, 1244-1315.
2) Piazza, Z. A.; Hu, H. S.; Li, W. L.; Zhao, Y. F.; Li, J.; Wang, L. S. Nat. Commun., 2014,
5, 3113



53

CL 15 Effect of Different Types of Separators on The
Electrochemical Characteristics of Graphene Supercapacitors

A.J. Mejo, S. Suraj, M. Divya, M. N. Muralidharan, A. Seema*
Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology, Athani (P.O), Thrissur, Kerala 680581,
India
Email: seema@cmet.gov.in, seemacmet@gmail.com

Supercapacitors are used in a large spectrum of energy storage applications that
require fast cycles characterized by high current flow. Supercapacitors can deliver 100 times
power than that of battery and can store 10, 000 times more energy than the conventional
capacitors. Supercapacitors have already established their use in automobile sector for hybrid
drives and regenerative braking systems. They have enormous opportunities in consumer
electronics. Proper choice of electrode, electrolyte and separator materials are required to
develop highly stable and reliable supercapacitors having low ESR and high power density.
In this regard, Graphene has opened a new era in supercapacitors. Graphene, one atom thick
sheet of carbon atoms offers high conductivity and excellent surface area and can be used as
electrode for supercapacitors. The objective of the present work is to develop graphene
supercapacitors having high energy density and power density. In this respect, we have used
different types of separator materials to reduce the ESR and enhance the ionic mobility.
Cellulose, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene and
polypropylene based materials were used as separators. Graphene was prepared from natural
graphite flakes by chemical route. Aluminium foil was used as current collector. 1M tetra
ethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate in propylene carbonate was used as electrolyte. The
electrochemical characteristics of the supercapacitors were determined by charge-discharge
studies, cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance spectroscopy. Graphene supercapacitors
fabricated using cellulose based separator have given specific capacitance of 91 F/g, energy
density of 16.6 Wh/Kg and power density of 6.5 KW/Kg.



CL 16 Development of MWCNTs/ SnO
2
Nanocomposites with
Increasing Capacity as Free- standing Anode for High Capacity Li
ion Batteries

Indu Elizabeth*, Bhanu. P. Singh, S.Gopukumar, R.B. Mathur
CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India.
Email: * induelizabeth20@gmail.com

Various carbon materials have been extensively used as anode materials for
rechargeable Li-ion batteries because of their consistent performance and potentialities.
MWCNTs have also attracted attention as anode materials because of their high

54

conductivity, high aspect ratio, good tensile strength etc. which makes them suitable for
fabricating free standing anode.
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) of length 100-150 nm prepared by
Chemical Vapor Deposition is used to make free standing paper by simple vacuum filtration
technique. The free standing paper when used as anode for Li ion battery shows a discharge
capacity (rate C/10) of 181mAh/g in the first cycle which increases to 197mAh/g after the
50
th
cycle. SnO2/long length MWCNTs nanocomposite is also prepared by chemical route.
Free standing anode made from the nanocomposite shows a very high capacity 330mAh/g in
the first cycle which increases upto 383mAh/g in the 50
th
cycle. Various characterization
techniques like SEM, TEM, TGA, XRD and Raman spectroscopy have been carried out to
evaluate the structure of the anode that is further correlated to its performance in Li-ion cell.
This peculiar behavior of increase in capacity as cycling progresses is very remarkable and is
promising for batteries.



CL 17 Tailoring of Structural Adhesive by Nano-Fillers and
Adaptation of Birefringence Methodology to Envisage Cure
Shrinkage

Krishna Enni, Arun George, Badarinath,Paul Pandian S and Sam Dayala Dev D*
IISU/VSSC/ISRO, Vattiyoorkavu, Trivandrum,Kerala,India-695013
Email: krishna_enni@vssc.gov.in

Adhesive required for high precision optical resonator application should have high
shear strength and stiff enough to achieve high Q for transferring mechanical dithering in
optical sensors. On the contrary it should have low stress on bonded parts (since high
shrinkage will create optical element movement during cure as well as high stress
1
) and
minimum change during temperature excretion (low CTE). None of the commercially
available adhesives suit above mentioned application and very little has been published on
the application of adhesives for fastening optical elements. This study not only characterizes
relevant properties of several structural type adhesives but also tailoring of same by nano-
filler to suit the above mentioned contrasting application. This paper also deals with
development of unique test methodology to analyze the cure shrinkage induced micro
stresses developed on the optics. The bonding geometry having annular design (fig.1) will
utilize zero thermal coefficient glass bonded to metal (super invar)/ULTE glass (Zerodur).
This design will investigate stress developed directly on the bonded parts and indirectly
shrinkage of the adhesive during curing. The adhesives selected will compare more
traditional epoxies (EK 93 -Summers optical Make optical grade adhesive, H 74-Epotek
make and LCA 4-Bacon industries make) along with Ultraviolet Light (UV) cured (OP 67
Dymax make). But none of the adhesives met our application. Hence suitable adhesive has
been tailored by nano-filler. 4% (w/w) nano-silica modified adhesive has shown positive
shift in Tg (~2C) (measured using DSC universal V 4.7A TA instruments), 20% increase in

55

lap shear strength measured in UTM (qualified for 100 g vibration levels) and 10% increase
in dither Q. In contrast stress developed on the bonded parts reduced significantly about 300
% (measured by stress analyzer Exicor 150AT HINDS), which directly explains the
reduction in cure shrinkage, since youngs modulus affected minimally by 4 % filler
loading
2
.The reduction of stress on the optical bonded parts improves significantly the
performance of optical sensor.

Analysis of micro stresses developed on the bonded parts by using Exicor 150 AT

Fig: Annular joint design,

References
1) John G. Daly, Damien J. Daly, Optomechanical Design and Engineering 2001,
Alson E. Hatheway, Editor, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 4444 (2001)
2) Shao-Yun Fu a,*, Xi-Qiao Feng b, Bernd Lauke c, Yiu-Wing Mai d,* Composites: Part
B 39 (2008) 933961



CL 18 Bio-based Ionic Liquid Crystalline Quaternary Ammonium
Salts: Properties and Applications

Renjith S, Talasila P. Rao and Sudha J. D*
Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for
Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019,
India
Email: renjithschem@gmail.com

Ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) are unique molecules having combined properties of
liquid crystals (LCs) and ionic liquids (ILs). They find applications in areas such as energy
storage devices, sensors, regioselective synthesis, anisotropic conductors, separation
membranes, power sources and so forth.
1
ILCs form mesophases through various non-
covalent interactions and may exhibit properties like macroscopic orientation, ionic
conductivity and the transportation of charges in liquid crystalline phases. The nature of
mesogenic phases in ILCs is governed by the molecular shape, dimensions of the molecules
and location of the ionic parts in the molecules, molecular interactions and microphase
segregation.
2
Here, we describe the preparation, properties and applications of novel ionic
liquid crystalline quaternary ammonium salts (QSs) of 3-pentadecylphenol, a biobased low
Modified adhesive (18 nm) unmodified adhesive (80
nm)

56

cost material derived from cashew nut shell liquid.
3
Amphotropic liquid crystalline phase
formation in QSs were characterised using a combination of techniques such as DSC, PLM,
XRD, SEM, and rheology which revealed the formation of one-,two- and three
dimensionally ordered mesophases in different length scales. Based on these results, a
plausible mechanism for the formation of specific modes of packing in various mesophases
was proposed. Observation of anisotropic ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability
suggests its application as a solid electrolyte.



Figure 1. Temperature dependent phase transitions of QSs.

References
1) Binnemans, K. Ionic Liquid Crystals. Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 4148-4204.
2) Brennecke, J. F; Maginn, A. J. AIChE J. 2001, 47, 2384-2389.
3) Renjith, S; Talasila. P. Rao; Sudha, J. D. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 4126-4133.












57














Poster Abstracts













58





























59

P 001 Influence of Additives on the Electrochemical Properties of
Non-Aqueous Electrolytes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

A.J. Nagajothi, R. Kannan
Department of Physics, Anna University,, Dindigul 624 622

The development of portable devices and electrical applications has prompted
researchers to find rechargeable batteries with high energy and power densities. Obviously,
intense research has been accelerated to find alternative lithium based-power systems across
the world. Among the systems known today, both Li/S and Li-O
2
are expected to fulfill the
requirements of mankind with enhanced capacity and energy density. Nevertheless, so many
technological and scientific problems remained unsolved in Li-O
2
systems. Lithium-sulfur
(Li-S) battery is one of the most promising candidates for its high theoretical specific energy
of 2600 Whkg
-1
based on the lithium-sulfur redox couple.
Recent reports reveal that liquid electrolytes which is currently utilized in the Li/S cells
affect the cycle life, rate capability and sulfur utilization. Low utilization of elemental Sulfur
and poor charge/discharge performance of Li/S batteries might be due to several factors. The
discharged products in Li/S batteries are insulating polysulfide Li
2
S
x
(1 x 8). Some of the
polysulfide will dissolve in the electrolyte. The dissolved polysulfide will deteriorate the
conductivity of electrolyte and electrode, leading to quick capacity degradation at high
charge/discharge rate. In the present study, the electrolyte additives such as LiNO
3
and
toluene have been added with 1,3 Dioxolane/TEGDME and the influence of the additives on
their electrochemical properties are discussed.



P 002 Graphene-based Hybrid Nanostructured Electrodes for Li-
ion Batteries

A. G. Ashish, P. Arunkumar, Som Sarang, S. Abhin, and M. M. Shaijumon*
School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Thiruvananthapuram,
India - 695016
Email: ashishag@iisertvm.ac.in

With the ever-increasing demand for energy storage, lithium ion battery has been an
attractive technology that has revolutionized the portable electronic industry.
1
With its large
scale applications, such as in hybrid electric vehicles, there is great interest in developing
multifunctional hybrid nanostructured electrode materials for high performance Li-ion
batteries.
2,3
Though metal oxides with high specific capacity have been extensively studied
as advanced Li-ion battery anodes, their structural instability under lithium insertion has
been of great concern.
4
One of the strategies to increase the electrochemical performance is
by incorporating the anode material on the conducting carbonaceous matrix including

60

mesoporous carbon, amorphous carbon, carbon nanotubes and graphenes.
5
Here, we report
the synthesis of Nb
2
O
5
and TiNb
2
O
7
-anchored graphene hybrid nanocomposites through
simple hydrothermal method and its electrochemical performance studies as advanced
anodes for lithium ion battery. Electrochemical characterizations such as Cyclic
voltammetry, Galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling measurements and signature curve
analysis have been performed on these hybrid nanocomposites. The self-supported
nanostructured electrodes, with graphene as support with homogenously anchored
orthorhombic Nb
2
O
5
(T-Nb
2
O
5
) and monoclinic TiNb
2
O
7
nanoparticles, exhibited excellent
electrochemical performance with high reversible capacity, enhanced rate capability and
excellent rate capability, arising from the synergistic effect of nanocrystals anchored onto
conducting graphene layers. We believe these hybrid nanocomposites, with superior
electrochemical performance, can be used as efficient anode for high performance lithium
ion battery.

Keywords: Electrochemical energy storage, lithium ion battery, graphene hybrid

References
1. Tarascon, J. M.; Armand, M. Nature. 2001, 414, 359-367
2. Bruce, P. G.; Scrosati, B.; Tarascon, J. M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2008, 47, 2930-2946
3. Reddy, A. L. M.; Gowda, S. R.; Shaijumon, M. M.; Ajayan, P. M.; Adv. Mater., 2012,
24, 5045-5064
4. Poizot, P.; Laruelle, S.; Grugeon, S.; Dupont, L.; Tarascon, J. M.; Nature, 2000, 407,
496-499
5. Wu, Z. S.; Ren, W.; Xu, L.; Li, F.; Cheng, H. M.; ACS Nano, 2011, 5, 5463-5471



P 003 Understanding the Graphite Oxide Synthesis and Metal
Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Supercapacitor Application

Debarati Roy Chowdhury, Chanderpratap Singh and Amit Paul*
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER),
Bhopal, MP 462066, India
Email: drc@iiserb.ac.in

In 1958, Hummers reported Graphite Oxide (GO) synthesis. Understanding the
parameters those affect GO synthesis is crucial since GO is the precursor for graphene
synthesis. We investigated the role of graphite precursor and sodium nitrate during GO
synthesis. It has been found that the crystalline diameter of graphite precursor is the guiding
parameter for basal plane oxidation versus sheet edge oxidation in the synthesized GO
crystallites. A longer c-axis (axis perpendicular to the carbon layer) of the graphite crystallite
determines the degree of basal plane oxidation versus sheet edge oxidation. Furthermore, it
has been found that the addition of sodium nitrate during GO synthesis helps basal plane

61

oxidation, increases interlayer distance between graphitic layers, and reduces the crystalline
size of GO.
1

We are also exploring the possibility of utilizing Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for
supercapacitor application. We have synthesised a cobalt based metalorganic-frameworks
[CoNIm(RHO)] and the material was tested for supercapacitor application using
electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammtery (CV), AC impedance, and
chronopotentiometry. The MOF showed a specific capacitance value of 263 F/gm in KOH
electrolyte.





Figure 1. Graphite oxidation

References
1) Debarati Roy Chowdhury, Chanderpratap Singh and Amit Paul* RSC Adv., 2014, 4,
1513815145



P 004 Influence of Al Co-Dopants on the Thermoluminescenec
Spectra of SrSO
4
: Eu Phosphor Matrix

Jayasudha. S*
1
, Resmi G Nair
1
, Dr. K. Madhukumar
1
,

Dr.V.N. Praveen
1
and T.S.
Elias
2

1
Dept. of Physics, Mahatma Gandhi College, Thiruvananthapuram-695004.
2
Regional Cancer Centre Thiruvananthapuram
Email: jsnair.india@gmail.com

Thermoluminescence Dosimetry is a powerful technique used for the estimation of
both high and low ionising radiations. Various models of TL suggests that the impurities
added can introduce high luminescence efficiency and to control the glow peak temperature.
In the present work, the effect of codoping with Al in the SrSO
4
lattice is studied in detail.
SrSO
4
: Eu, Al phosphor have been irradiated using gamma-rays of Co
60
and the TL glow

62

curves were recorded. The TL analysis shows that the co-doping of aluminium in the SrSO4:
Eu matrix decreases the intensity of emission but there is a significant increase in the peak
emission temperature. Inclusion of Al dramatically shifts the glow peak from 300
0
C to
348
0
C, which is desirable even though the overall efficiency is reduced. The studies are
repeated for various doses and dopant concentrations. The defect mechanism and the energy
transitions during irradiation and read out are understood from the ESR and PL spectra.

References
1) Bos A.J.J.; Radiation Measurements, 2001, 33, 751-744.
2) Gadam,S.C.; Dhoble,S.J.; Moharil,S.V.; Journal of Luminescence, 2008, 128,1-6.



P 005 Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Forest/Carbon Fiber as
Electrode/Current Collector Integrated System for Supercapacitors

Jayesh Cherusseri
1
, and Kamal K Kar
1, 2*

1
Advanced Nano Engineering Materials Laboratory, Materials Science Programme, Indian
Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
2
Advanced Nano Engineering Materials Laboratory, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
Email: jayesh@iitk.ac.in

Carbon nanotube (CNT) electrodes are potential candidates to use as electrode active
materials in supercapacitors.
1,2
CNT electrodes have achieved much attention due to their
high electrical conductivity, light-weight, good chemical and environmental stability, etc. In
the present study, we have used multiwalled CNT forest (MWNTF)/carbon fiber as
electrode/current collector integrated system for supercapacitors. Here, carbon fibers act as
electrode support materials, which possess good mechanical strength and good electrical
conductivity. Highly dense MWNTF were grown on catalyst-coated carbon fiber substrate.
Nickel catalyst was used and an electroless coating method was adopted for coating nickel
nanoparticles on carbon fibers. The MWNTF were grown on carbon fibers by catalytic
chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) method by using acetylene/nitrogen/hydrogen gas
system. The as synthesized MWNTF/carbon fiber was directly used as electrode/current
collector integrated system for supercapacitors, without any further modification. The
supercapacitor assembled by using the MWNTF/carbon fiber integrated system was shown
excellent supercapacitive properties along with good cycling life. The supercapacitive
electrodes were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray
diffraction analysis (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA),
impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The supercapacitor was tested by
using galvanostatic charge/discharge technique.


63


Figure 1. Multiwalled carbon nanotube forest grown on carbon fiber substrate.

References
1) Simon, P.; Gogotsi, Y. Nat. Mat., 2008, 7, 845-854.
2) Frackowiak, E.; Beguin, F; Carbon, 2001, 39, 937-950.



P 006 Polyaniline MWNT Hybrids as High Performance Super
Capacitors

Jesna Louis
1
, Remyamol T
2
. , Honey John
2*

1
Department of Chemistry, IISER Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India

2
Department of Chemistry, IIST Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695547, India
Email: jesna@iiserb.ac.in

The growing demand for portable systems and electric vehicles has prompted a great
interest in electrochemical capacitors also known as supercapacitors. Polyaniline, a well
known conducting polymer is considered as one of the most promising electrode materials
due to its ease of synthesis, high capacitive characteristics and low cost.
1
But it exhibits poor
stability during charge/discharge process. Therefore hybrid materials based on polyaniline
with carbon nanotubes has been chosen to improve stability of polyaniline as well as to
maximize the capacitance value due to the efficient combination of high pseudo-capacitance
of polyaniline with the excellent conductivity and mechanical properties of carbon
nanotubes.
2
In this work polyaniline is covalently connected to multi-walled carbon
nanotubes by a simple in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of phenylene diamine
functionalized carbon nanotubes. The hybrids are well characterized and the suitability as
electrode material for supercapacitors was tested by standard cyclic voltammetric
measurements in a three electrode electrochemical cell. The hybrid material displayed a high
specific capacitance and good cycling stability compared to the individual components
(pristine polyaniline and phenylene diamine functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes),
thus shows a great potentiality as electrode material for supercapacitors.


64

References
1) Sivakkumar, S.R.; Kim, W.J.; Choi, J.-A.; MacFarlane, D.R.; Forsyth, M.; Kim, D.-W.J.
Power Sources, 171, 1062- 1068.
2) Meng, C.; Lui, C.; Fan, S. Electrochem. Commun, 11, 186- 189



P 007 Study on the Dielectric Properties of Barium tetrakis
(Maleate) Dihydrate

Lekshmi P. Nair
a
,Dr.Bijini B. R.
a
and Dr.DeepaM.
b

a
Post Graduate Department of Physics, M.G. College, Thiruvananthapuram.
b
Depatent of Pysis All aints ollege Tiuvanantapua.
E-mail: lekshmipadma@gmail.com

Metal co-ordination compounds of dicarboxylic acids are technologically very
important as they have immense technological application. Maleic acid, a dicarboxylic acid,
is biologically important and its interaction with different metal ions opens new potentialities
with targeted properties. Barium complex of maleic acid (BM) is grown by gel method.
Dielectric properties relate to the ability of a material to polarise under the influence of an
external electromagnetic field. The study of dielectric property is concerned with the storage
and dissipation of electric and magnetic energy in materials. The frequency dependent
dielectric property of gel grownBM was studied at room temperature using a Hioki 3532
LCR Hitester meter. The variation of dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and ac conductivity
with log frequency is plotted. From the spectrum it is observed that the dielectric loss and
dielectric constant decreases with increase in frequency. The high value of dielectric constant
at low frequency is attributed to the dipole and space charge polarisation. Using the results of
Single crystal XRD, UV-Visible spectrum and the value of dielectric constant at higher
frequencies, the Plasma energy, Penn Gap, Fermi energy and polarisability of the grown
crystals are calculated and tabulated.














65

P 008 Highly Porous and Thermally Stable Egg Shell Membranes
as Separator for Lithium-Ion Batteries

M. Raja* and A. Manuel Stephan
ECPS Division, CSIR-CECRI, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630006, India
E-mail: rajamlcsta@gmail.com

In the last two decades, depletion of fossil fuels and related environmental issues has
prompted researchers to find alternative energy storage/conversion devices. The state-of-art
lithium-ion batteries, although, power portable electronic devices, the safety aspect is a
frightening challenge for the researchers. The membranes properties such as porosity,
tortuosity, shrinkage, wettability and ionic conductivity influence the cycling performance of
the batteries. The polyolefin membranes are widely used in the commercially available
lithium-ion batteries; however, they have several disadvantages such as low porosity (about
40%), poor wettability and unidirectional mechanical integrity. Above all, it is thermally
stable up to 135 C. Egg shell membranes (ESM) have been employed as a template for the
synthesis of ZrO2 and carbonaceous materials. It has also been used as a separator for
supercapacitors in aqueous medium
1-3
. So far to the best of our knowledge no attempt has
been made to employ the egg shell membranes for lithium-ion batteries in an organic
medium. In the present work, egg shell membranes were prepared as reported earlier and
their physical and electrochemical properties have been examined and the results are
compared with the commercially available Celgard 2400 membranes. ESM exhibited higher
porosity, wetability, cycling behavior than the celgard 2400 membrane.

Figure 1. The Charge-discharge behaviour of Li/CM/LiFePO4 cell at different C-rates at
25 C.

References
1) Dennis. J.; Carrino.D.; Yamashita. K.; Caplan. A.; Matrix Biol. 2000, 19, 683.
2) Yang. D.; Qi. L.; and Ma.J.; J. Mater.Chem., 2003, 13, 1119-1123
3) Yu. H.; Tang. Q.; Wu. J.; Lin. J.; Fan.; Huang. M.; Lin. J.; Li. Y.; Yu. F.; J. Power
Sources, 2012, 206, 463-468.

66

P 009 Fabrication and Characterization of Counter Electrodes
based on Polyaniline/Graphene Hybrids for Dye Sensitized Solar
Cell Applications

NalluriAbhishek, Remyamol T, Honey, John*
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology,
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695547, India
Email: nalluri.abhishek@gmail.com

The dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) play a leading role in third generation
photovoltaic devices. Platinum-loaded conducting glass has been widely exploited as the
standard counter electrode (CE) for DSSCs. However, the high cost limits its practical
applications in DSSCs. So researchers are trying to develop DSSCs using cheaper and
abundant materials. Polyaniline with low cost and good electrocatalytic activity for triiodide
reduction can be a good alternative.
1
The performance of DSSCs can be further augmented
by using hybrids of polyaniline with graphene materials as CEs due to the synergetic
combination of excellent conductivity and surface area of graphene with the electrocatalytic
activity of polyaniline.
2
Herein polyaniline-reduced graphene oxide hybrids with covalent
connections are synthesized by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in the
presence of phenylenediamine functionalized reduced graphene oxide. The hybrid materials
are characterized and CEs for DSSC are fabricated on FTO glasses. The performance of the
DSSCs with the hybrid CEs are compared with DSSC with Platinum CE under illumination
of AM 1.5 simulated solar light (100Mw/

.

References
1) Ameen, S.; Akhtar, M. S.; Kim, Y. S.; Yang, O. B.; Shin, H. S. J. phys. Chem.,2010,
114,4760-4764.
2) Wang, Y. S.; Li, S. M.; Hsiao, S. T.; HaoLiao, W.; Yang, S. Y.; Tien, H. W.; Chen-Chi,
M. Ma.; Hu, C.C. J. Power Sources, 2014,260, 326-337.



P 010 Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline-reduced
Graphene Oxide Hybrid for visible light photocurrent generation

Phani Kiran K , Remyamol T.

, Honey John*
Department of Chemistry, IIST, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695547, India
Email: Kiran210305@gmail.com

The optoelectronic and light harvesting applications of graphene are of particular
interest for academic, technological and industrial sectors. A major challenge in developing
light harvesting devices is the effective separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and

67

the transfer of electron to the electrode. Graphene is a promising electron acceptor material
for the photocurrent generating devices due to its high specific surface area, tunable bandgap
and the higher linear in-plane dimensions (approximately 5 m) compared to the thickness
(0.34 nm). Conducting polymer/graphene hybrids are a major class of composite materials
for the fabrication of donor/acceptor based electronic devices
1-2
. Among conducting
polymers, polyaniline being an excellent organic conductor with good environmental
stability and low cost, has often been used to make composite with carbonaceous materials,
especially with graphene. In this work an inexpensive polyaniline-reduced graphene oxide
hybrids are synthesized by in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of synthesized
graphite oxide followed by in situ reduction of graphite oxide by hydrothermal method.
Hybrids are well characterized using TGA, UV, FTIR and XRD measurements. Dc-
conductivity of the samples is studies by standard four-probe method. Significant electron
transfer between polyaniline and GONH2 is evidenced by the photoluminescence quenching
of polyaniline after hybrid formation. The hybrid shows considerable improvement in dc-
conductivity and photocurrent compared to pure polyaniline.

References
1) Li, S.-S.; Tu, K.-H.; Lin, C.-C.; Chen C.-W.; Chhowalla, M. ACS Nano 2010, 4, 3169-
3174.
2) Liu, Q.; Liu, Z.; Zhang, X.; Yang, L.; Zhang, N.; Pan, G.; Yin, S.; Chen Y.; Wei, J. Adv.
Fun. Mater. 2009, 19, 894-904.


P 011 Effect of Co-activation on TL of CaSO
4
: Tm Phosphor

Resmi G Nair*
1
, Jayasudha. S
1
, Dr. K. Madhukumar
1
and T.S. Elias
2
1
Dept. of Physics, Mahatma Gandhi College, Thiruvananthapuram-695004.
2
Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram
Email : resminair1@gmail.com

Dosimetric properties of some well known Thermoluminescent (TL) phosphor
materials such as CaSO4: Dy; CaSO4: Tm CaSO4: Eu and CaF2: Dy are highly attractive.

This has resulted in the wide- spread use of these materials in dosimetric applications
including environmental and personal monitoring.
1,2
Effect of Co-activation on TL of
CaSO
4
: Tm phosphor is reported in this paper. For characterization of phosphors scanning
electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL) spectra
were carried out. The prepared sample was subjected to high energy radiation with dosage
vary from .5Gy to 10Gy for TL analysis. The dependence of TL response on dose variation
is analysed. Thermoluminescence (TL) property of the prepared phosphor is compared with
that of standard TLD and it is comparatively good. Under photoluminescence study the
incorporation of co-dopants with the characteristic photoluminescence spectra in CaSO4: Tm
host is confirmed. The SEM characterization shows the surface morphology resulted after
preparation.

68

References
1) Wani, J. A.; Atone, M. S.; Dhoble, N. S.; Dhoble. S. J.; Journal of Luminescence, 2013,
134,640648
2) Shinsho, K.; Watanabe, E; Urushiyama, A; J. Appl. Phys., 2006, 100, 093514.



P 012 Synthesis of Cobalt (II) Graphene Nano Composites Using
Microwave Synthesizer for Fuel Cell Applications

Richa Baronia
1
, S. P. Singh
2
, R.K. Seth
1
, A. K. Srivastava
2
, S. K. Singhal*
1
1
Physics and Engineering of Carbon ,
2
Electron and Ion Microscopy
Physics and Engineering of Carbon, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi-
110012, India Email: richabaronia3@gmail.com

We present microwave assisted facile synthesis of cobalt supported graphene nano-
composites by the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) in the presence of cobalt(II) chloride
using hydrazine hydrate as the main reducing agent. In order to achieve a complete reduction
of GO, the reduction was assisted by using 50 vol% ammonium hydroxide. The use of
microwave accelerated the reduction process as well as controlled the particle size of cobalt
nanoparticles and its morphology. It was observed that the degree of reduction of GO was
higher in presence of mixture of ammonium hydroxide (50%) in hydrazine hydrate
compared to hydrazine hydrate alone. The synthesized cobalt supported on graphene
nanocomposites (Co-rGO) Co-GO were characterized using FTIR, UV-vis, XRD, Raman
Spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The electrocatalytic properties
of synthesized nanocomposite were studied on methanol oxidation in acidic medium using
Cyclic Voltametry. The plot for square root of scan rate vs peak current indicates that
electrochemical reactions at the electrode are controlled by diffusion processes. The
enhanced oxygen reduction properties were observed for the Co-rGO nanocomposite and
may be attributed to the presence of hydroxy groups. The present synthesis method is cost
effective and allows rapid synthesis of Co-rGO nanocomposite with better electrocatalytic
properties which may be used as alternative to conventional catalyst (Pt,Pd) used in DMFC
(Direct Methanol Fuel Cell).

References
1) Ahmed A. Elzatahry, Aboubakr M. Abdullah,, Taher A. Salah El-Din, Abdullah M. Al-
Enizi1, Ahmed A. Maarouf, Ahmed Galal, Hagar K. Hassan, Ekram H. El-Ads, Salem S.
Al-Theyab and Attiah A Al-Ghamdi, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 2012, 7, 3115 3126.



69

P 013 Titania Aerogel-Metal Organic Framework Nanocomposites
for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

S. Alwin
1
, G. Sahaya Dennish Babu
1
, X. Sahaya Shajan*
1
, K.G.K. Warrier
2

1
Centre for Scientific and Applied Research (C-SAR), PSN College of Engineering and
Technology, Melathediyoor, Tirunelveli-627152, Tamilnadu
2
Emeritus Scientist (CSIR), National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
(NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala
E-mail: shajan89@gmail.com

Titania aerogels are considered to be a potential material in photocatalysis and
energy conversion due to its high surface area and mesoporous structure. The hydrophilic
nature and surface area of this material are responsible for chemisorption of dye molecules in
dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications. Therefore, it is necessary to design a material
with high surface area and hydrophilic nature. Here in the present study, we have
synthesized titania aerogel-MOF nanocomposite by sol-gel method. The nanocomposite was
characterized by BrunauerEmmettTeller (BET) surface area analysis, x-ray diffraction,
FT-IR and UV spectroscopy and CHN elemental analysis. The composite formation was
confirmed from the presence of C, H, and N in nanocomposite material using elemental
analysis. XRD pattern confirmed the anatase phase of titania in nanocomposite. A reduction
in bandgap was observed for nanocomposite, compared to tiatnia aerogel, which increases
the photon absorption range of this material. The dye adsorption study indicates the possible
use of this composite material in DSSCs.

References
1) X. Chen, S. S. Mao, Chem. Rev. 2007, 1072891-2959
2) Z. Ulker, I. Erucar, S. Keskin, C. Erkey, Microporous and Mesoporous
Materials, 2013 , 170, 352-358
3) S. C. Sahoo, T. Kundu, R. Banerjee, J.Am.Chem.Soc. 2011,13, 17950-17958



P 014 Studies on Structural, Catalytic and Electrical Properties of
Alkaline Earth Ferrites A
2
Fe
2
O
5
(Ba, Ca and Sr) Having
Brownmillerite Structures

T. Vijayaraghavan, K. Kavitha, M. Bradha, Anuradha Ashok*
Nanotech Research Facility, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore-641 004, India
E mail:anu.machina@gmail.com

Ferrites are class of oxides with remarkable, which have been explored and applied
during the last ~50 years.
1
Among ferrites Brownmillerite-type compounds (A
2
B
2
O
5
and

70

A
2
BBO
5
) are the most frequently studied oxygen-deficient materials. Brownmillerite-type
structures exhibit two different layers, alternately stacked: (1) perovskite-like sheets of
octahedrally coordinated B cations and (2) layers of BO
4
tetrahedra, which are corner-linked
to form parallel zweier single chains.
2
In this work we present the synthesis, characterization
and electrical properties of ferrites A
2
Fe
2
O
5
(A is Ba, Ca and Sr) prepared by solid state
reaction method (high energy ball milling). After 20h milling, the powder was subjected to
thermal analysis to identify the temperature range of oxide phase formation. Based on
thermal analysis the powders were calcined separately at 800C for 2h. X-ray diffraction
studies of the calcined powders confirm the Brownmillerite structure. The pellets of each
individual composition sintered at 1000C for 4h are subjected to structural and
morphological characterizations. The total conductivity of the ferrites is studied through
impedance analysis.

References
1) R. Valenzuela, Physics Research International 2012, Volume 2012 (), Article ID
591839.
2) Kruger. H, J. Solid State Chem. 2009, 182, 15151523.



P 015 X-ray Photoelectron spectra of LaCo
0.6
Fe
0.4
O
3
perovskite by
citrate sol gel autocombustion method

U.Megha
a
, K.Shijina
a
, George Varghese
b
*
a
Department of Physics, University of Calicut, Kerala- 673635, India
b
Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment, Thiruvananthapuram,
Kerala-695004, India
Email:meghaunikoth@gmail.com

Thermoelectric materials are those which can convert heat energy to electrical
energy and viseversa. Oxide materials have received great attention due to their, good
electrical properties and comparatively low thermal conductivity.
1
The lanthanum based
perovskites compounds were widely preferred as thermoelectric materials of this class.
2
In
this study, LaCo
0.6
Fe
0.4
O
3
(LCFO) peroskites were synthesized by citrate sol gel auto-
combustion method, whcih is a modified Pechini method based on the polyesterification of
citric acid and ethylene glycol. The perovskite phase was attained by calcination at 700C
and sintering at 900C. The powders were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDAX and XPS.
The XRD result shows that LCFO has rhombhohedral crystal structure with R-3C space
group. Dense microstructure with well shaped grain boundaries were obtained from SEM.
From XPS, La 3d peak positions (833.9 & 850.7eV for La 3d
5/2
& 3d
3/2
), Co 2p ( 780 &
795eV for 2p
3/2
& 2p
1/2
), Fe 2p ( 710 & 724 eV for Fe 2p
3/2
& 2p
1/2
) and O 1s peaks( 529 &
531 eV) were obtained.


71

References
1) Mercouri G., Kanatzidis, Chem. Mater. 2010, 22, 648659.
2) Vulchev V., Vassilev, L., Harizanova, S., Khristov, M.; Zhecheva, E., Stoyanova,
R., J. Phys. Chem. C. 2012, 116,1350713515



P 016 Max Phase Thermal Fluids Via A Facile Direct Exfoliation
Technique for Enhanced Heat Transfer Applications

K.V. Mahesh, V. Linsha, R. Rashada, and S. Ananthakumar *
Functional Materials Section, Materials Science and Technology Division, National Institute
for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum -695019, Kerala

Enhanced heat transfer is critically important in high temperature boilers and heat
exchangers. Use of conventional heat transfer fluids such as water, ethylene glycol or oil has
poor thermo-physical properties.
1
Nanofluids co-dispersed with high thermal conducting
nanostructures can considerably increase the thermal conductivity, long-term stability, and
prevention of clogging in micro-channels.
Ti
3
SiC
2
, the most promising and most studied ternary carbide material belong to
MAX phase family having the general formula of M
n+1
AX
n
, (where n = 1 to 3, M is an early
transition metal, A is an A-group element (mostly IIIA and IVA, or groups 13 and 14) and X
is either carbon and/or nitrogen has attractively ceramic-metallic properties.
2
Use of
Ti
3
SiC
2
as heat transfer enhancing co-filler in thermal fluid is not attempted so far. The
ultrathin nanosheets of Ti
3
SiC
2
can improve the thermal conductivity as well as introduce
lubricating property. In the present work we synthesized ultrathin MAX phase nanosheets
out of Ti
3
SiC
2
material from the bulk Ti
3
SiC
2
by shear induced exfoliation followed
ultrasonication and centrifugation. The fluid properties were studied for the particle size,
surface potential, TEM, viscosity and thermal conductivity.

References
1) Taha-Tijerina J., Narayanan T. N., Gao G., Rohde M., Tsentalovich D. A., Pasquali M.,
Ajayan P. M. ACS NANO 2012, 6, 1214-1220
2) Barsoum M. W., El-Raghy T. Am. Sci. 2001, 89, 334-343.







72

P 017 Self-healing Si-B-C Ceramics from Silicon/Boron Modified
Phenolic Resins for High Temperature Application

Ganesh Babu T, Renjith Devasia*
Ceramic Matrix Products Division, Analytical, Spectroscopy and Ceramics Group, PCM
Entity, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, ISRO, Kerala, India-690522
E-mail: ganesh_babu@vssc.gov.in

C/SiC Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are promising materials for use in
thermo-structural applications. Silicon carbide (SiC) is used as a matrix for C/SiC CMCs
because of its superior hardness and stiffness, oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures,
etc.,
1
. Compared to Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI) and Polymer Infiltration and
Pyrolysis (PIP) process for formation of SiC, Reaction Bonding method i.e., Reaction-
Bonded Silicon Carbide (RBSC) has some unique advantages, such as short manufacturing
cycles and low processing temperature
2
. One of the principal factors affecting the
performance of RBSC is its oxidation behaviour, which leads to failure of the components.
The oxidation resistance can be improved by the use of pure boron or B
4
C or a ternary SiB
C (B
4
C-SiC) component with pure SiC which act as self-healing materials. In this work we
have evaluated the potential of Si-B-C ceramics derived from silicon/boron modified
phenolic resin as self-healing matrix in high temperature applications.
Boron Modified Phenol formaldehyde resin (BPF) was synthesized by reacting boric
acid with phenol formaldehyde resin using N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent. The
concentration of boric acid was varied from 5 to 30 pph. The structural characterization of
cured BPF was done by FTIR, which reveals that boric acid chemically reacted with phenol
formaldehyde resin by the formation of BOC bond at 1385 cm
-1
. Boron Modified Phenolic
Resin was sintered with and without silicon at 1450C in argon atm to get Si-B-C and B-C
ceramics respectively. The XRD peaks of the sintered B-C and Si-B-C ceramics verified the
formation of boron carbide and silicon tetra boride respectively. Raman spectroscopy was
used to characterize the free carbon present in the B-C ceramic. By calculating the I
D
/I
G
and
crystallite size (L
a
); it was observed that, boron atom acted as a catalyst for the phase
transformation of glassy carbon (BPF-0) to graphitic carbon (BPF-30).
Isothermal oxidation of Si-B-C ceramics at 1000C for 1hr in air was investigated
and weight changes were measured to estimate the oxidation resistance and nature of the
oxide layers on the Si-B-C ceramics. Based on the results of X-ray diffraction analysis
(XRD), silicon oxide (SiO
2
) and boron oxide (B
2
O
3
) were present on the surface of ceramics
which can act as self-healing layer.

References
1) Qiang Liua, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2014, Volume 71, 1316
2) Wang,Y. X., Carbon, 2004, Volume 42, 18331839.




73

P 018 Synthesis and Ceramic Conversion Studies of Si-Zr-C-N
Ceramic Precursors for Ultra High Temperature Applications

Sandhya G Nair, Subramania Siva, Sreejith K.J, Renjith Devasia*
Ceramic Matrix Products Division, Analytical, Spectroscopy and Ceramics Group, PCM
Entity, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, ISRO, Kerala, India-690522
Email: g_sandhya@vssc.gov.in

Polymer precursor route for the synthesis of advanced ceramics has attracted
considerable interest due to their exceptional high temperature stability and oxidation
resistance. Silicon containing ternary systems such as siliconoxycarbide (SiOC) and silicon
carbonitride (SiCN) ceramics which are synthesized via polymer precursor route exhibit high
temperature stability and excellent creep and oxidation resistance
1
. In addition to ternary
systems, development of quaternary silicon based systems through polymer precursor route
has also gained immense interest due to their improved oxidation resistance, hot corrosion
and thermal stability
2
.
In the present work, polyzirconosilazane (PZrS) with varying Zr to Si ratios were
synthesized by the chemical reaction of 2, 4, 6-trimethyl-2, 4, 6-tri vinyl cyclotrisilazane
(CTS) with zirconium (IV) propoxide. Zirconium (IV) propoxide was chemically coupled
with CTS at the N-H bonds to form a crosslinked polymer. The reaction mechanism was
studied using FTIR and Raman spectroscopy which indicates the reaction of zirconium
propoxide at the N-H group of cyclotrisilazane. Thermo gravimetric analysis was used to
investigate the thermal decomposition characteristics of zirconium modified silzane
precursors. The ceramic conversion studies of the modified precursors were done at a
temperature above 1400C under nitrogen atmosphere and characterized using Raman and
X-ray diffraction. Ceramics obtained at 1450C indicate the presence of ZrO
2
, ZrC and
amorphous SiCN phase. PZrS11 (Zr:CTS=1:1) heat treated at 1650C produced mixed oxide
non oxide ceramic (ZrO
2
, ZrC, SiC, ZrN, Si
3
N
4
) while the rest of the polymers
(PZrS12,PZrS14,PZrs16) gave non oxide ultra high temperature ceramic phases.
Nature of the free carbon in the ceramic was analyzed using Raman spectroscopy.
PZrS11 heat treated at 1650C indicated the presence of amorphous carbon as well as bands
in the region from 100-700cm
-1
, which is assigned to zirconia. Typical D & G absorption
bands were observed at 1360 cm
-1
and 1600 cm
-1
, indicate the presence of free carbon in the
ceramic. Surface morphology of the PZrS derived ceramic samples were investigated by
SEM-EDS. From the study it is concluded that higher silazne content favors the formation of
ultra high temperature non-oxide ceramics. Potential of these metal modified silazane
precursor as single phase oxidation resistance ceramic coatings and ultra high temperature
matrix resin are under evaluation.

References
1) Colombo, J.Am.Ceram.Soc. 2010,93,1805-1837
2) Ionescu, J.Am.Ceram.Soc. 2010,93,241-250.


74

P 019 Preparation of macroporous alumina ceramics by freeze
gelation of hydrogenated vegetable oil-in-aqueous alumina slurry
emulsions

Sujith Vijayan, R. Narasimman and K. Prabhakaran*
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology,
Thiruvananthapuram- 695 547, India.
Email: sujithvijayan.88@gmail.com

Macroporous ceramics are increasingly used as high temperature thermal insulation, light
weight structural materials, filter media for molten metals, catalyst support etc. Emulsion
templating is one of the methods used to prepare macroporous ceramics with controlled pore
structure and uniform pore size. In the present work, hydrogenated vegetable oil-in-aqueous
alumina slurry (HVO-in-AAS) emulsions with HVO to AAS volume ratios in the range 1.34
to 2.69 were prepared by mechanically mixing 30 vol. % alumina slurry containing
carrageenan gelling agent with HVO containing sodium dodecyl sulphate emulsifying agent
at 85
o
C. The emulsions cast in the mould undergo gelation on cooling to room temperature
due to the solidification of HVO and physical cross-linking of the carrageenan. Macroporous
ceramics obtained by drying, HVO removal followed by sintering at 1500
o
C of the gelled
emulsion bodies had porosity in the range of 70.7 to 84 % and contain cells of spherical to
polygonal shape. The average cell
interconnectivity increased with an increase in HVO to AAS volume ratio and mixing speed.
The macroporous alumina bodies had high compressive strength (6.5 to 39.6 MPa) and
Youngs modulus (350 to 2352 MPa).


Figure 1: SEM photomicrograph of sintered alumina ceramic






75

P 020 Aqueous Tape Casting of Ultra High Temperature Ceramics
(ZrB
2
) for Aerospace Applications

R Mahesh Babu*, Anil Kumar
#
, N M Gokhale*, Dr. R S Hastak*,
*Ceramics Department, Naval Materials Research Laboratory, Mumbai, India 421506
#Ceramic Matrix Composites Division, Advanced Systems Laboratory, Hyderabad, India
500058
Email: matrixbabu@gmail.com

UHTCs are diborides, carbides and nitrides of group IVB and VB transition metals.
UHTCs have high melting point, excellent thermal conductivity, oxidation resistance and
corrosion resistance at temperatures >3000
o
C and are widely used for high temperature
structural applications, including hypersonic flight, rocket propulsion systems, nose caps
etc.ZrB
2
is advantageous over other UHTCs for aerospace applications as it has got lower
theoretical density (6.09gm/cc) and is comparatively inexpensive. Aqueous tape casting is
eco-friendly and cost-effective process for making multi-layered structures with complex
geometries. But the process has very limited tolerance to processing parameters such as
composition and drying conditions. Aqueous tape casting of UHTC (ZrB
2
) powder was
investigated. Dispersion of ZrB
2
powder in water was studied and characterized in terms of
zeta potential analysis and rheological measurements. Customized aqueous formulation with
a high solid content (up to 40 vol%) was prepared. Tapes up to 500 microns thick with
smooth surface finish, homogeneity and flexibility were obtained.



Figure 1: Rheological behaviour of aqueous slurry of ZrB
2


References
1) Zhihui Lu, Donglian Jiang, Jingxian Zhang and Qingling Lin, Aqueous tape casting of
Zirconium Diboride, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2009, 92 [10] 2212-2217
2) Sea-Hoon Lee and Yoshio Sakka, Dispersion behavior of ZrB2 powder in aqueous
solution, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2007, 90[11]3455-3459

0
600
1200
1800
2400
3000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
V
i
s
c
o
s
i
t
y
,

m
P
a
.
s

Shear rate, s
-1


76

P 021 Effect of Substrates on the Preparation of TiZrN Thin Films
Prepared by Mid Frequency Sputtering Technique

A. Kavitha
1*
, R. Kannan
2
and S. Loganathan
3
1*,2
Department of Physics, University College of Engineering, Anna University, Dindugal,
TamilNadu 624622, India.
3
Ion Plating, Titan Industries Ltd, Hosur, TamilNadu 635126, India
Email: kavithasep.venkatesan@gmail.com

Present work involves with the preparation of Titanium Zirconium Nitride (TiZrN)
thin films on SS (304L grade), glass and HSS substrates by mid frequency reactive
sputtering method. Pure Titanium (Ti) hollow cylinder and Zirconium (Zr) was used as the
target. The substrates were ion etched to remove contaminants on the substrate after loading
into the deposition chamber. This is followed by deposition of Ti and Zr co-sputtered to have
a base layer to improve the adhesion of the coating. Nitrogen was introduced into vacuum
chamber through mass flow controller and TiZrN deposition were carried out by 80 minutes.
The other deposition parameters were kept constant. The Ti and Zr cathodes were driven by
a frequency of 100 kHz. The substrate rotation and substrate temperature was maintained at
3 rpm and 200C respectively.
XRD profile of the TiZrN thin films prepared a different substrates conforms cubic
phase with preferred orientation (111) plane. The optical reflectance of the TiZrN thin films
have been measured in the visible and NIR region. The wear resistance and Vickers hardness
of the TiZrN thin films have been investigated and discussed. The surface morofological
features of the TiZrN thin films have been investigated from AFM and SEM.



P 022 Fe
2
O
3
-TiO
2
-Hydroxyapatite Layer Coatings on 316-L SS
Orthopeadic Implants for Enhanced Bone Bonding Ability

SujaMathai*
PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Mar Ivanios College, Thiruvananthapuram,
Kerala, 695015, India
Email: sujamathaikunnath@gmail.com

Eventhough the hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating on 316-L SS implants obtained by
electrodeposition process has better corrosion resistance and bioactivity than the 316-L SS
alone, the adhesive strength of the HAp coating to the substrate is still a problem. The
biocompatible Fe
2
O
3
-TiO
2
-HAp trilayer layer coating on 316L SS metal substrate with
improved adhesion strength is fabricated by a simple two step processes: Thermal
decomposition of FeCl
3
/isopropanol, then TiCl
4
/isopropanol and finally electrodeposition of
CaP, followed by alkaline and heat treatment at 600 C
1,2
. The coatings were subjected for

77

various physical and electrochemical characterization techniques under aggressive
conditions to evaluate the adhesive strength and fracture toughness of the coatings. At
optimized process parameters, the tri-layer developed consists of dense, thin and crystalline
titania interlayer with porous, thick and crystalline HAp top layer. The heat treatment of tri-
layer coating allows elemental intermixing at the interface of TiO
2
and Hap. Surface and
topographical analysis including SEM and AFM were also carried after biomimetic growth.
The results of elemental analysis of the SBF solution and electrochemical characterization
techniques used at different stages revealed that compared to monolithic HAp coating, the
Fe
2
O
3
-TiO
2
-HAp tri-layer coating shows significant enhancement in the adhesion strength,
corrosion resistance as well as biocompatibility. The steep increase in adhesion strength is
believed to be due to mechanical interlocking and diffusion bonding at the interface. An in
vitro cytotoxicity test using direct contact method was also performed and was found to be
non-cytotoxic to the fibroblast cells.


Figure 1. AFM - the three dimensional image of Fe
2
O
3
-TiO
2
-HAp tri-layer coating

References
1) Shibli, S.M.A.; Mathai, S.; J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 2008, 19,29712981.
2) Robler, S.; Sewing, A.; Stolzel. M; J. Biomed Mater. Res., 2003, 66A, 411-416.



P 023 Effect of Sb-Si addition on Morphology and Mechanical
Properties of Mg Alloys

Durgadas.M, G.Ramachandran, U.T.S Pillai*
NIIST,Papanacode,Trivandrum
Email: durgadasmanghat@gmail.com

The present study aims to investigate the effect of Sb-Si addition on morphology and
mechanical properties of Mg alloys. Silicon addition of 0.5wt%, 1wt% and 2wt %
respectively, were added to Mg-2%Sb binary alloy . For Mg-2%Sb binary alloy, Mg
3
Sb
2
in

78

form of a white rod precipitate is observed. From the optical results it can be inferred that the
Mg
3
Sb
2
intermetallics interrupts the dendritic structure of -Mg (the grey matrix) and refines
the grain. The main reason for the grain refinement is that the melting temperature of the
inter-metallic compound Mg
3
Sb
2
which formed from Sb and Mg is very high ,thus,it
precipitates and crystallize first from the melt during the molten metal solidification.Mg
2
Si
phase in form of a Chinese Script shape developed as a result of Si addition improve the
tensile strength of the alloy. The phases are confirmed by SEM anlaysis.Silicon addition
above 1% modifies the Chinese script shaped Mg
2
Si in to a polygon shaped intermetallics
which inturn reduces the tensile strength of the alloy. Hardness value is found to increase by
Silicon addition and is attributed to the hard Mg
2
Si intermetallics. Analysis of necking is
behaviour of the alloy is done in Comsol Multiphysics Software assuming an Isotropic
hardening model. It can be inferred from the analysis that Mg
2
Si intermetallic reduces the
plasticity of the alloy.


Figure 1. SEM image of Mg-2%Sb-2%Si alloy


References
1) A Srinivasan, J.Swaminathan,Material Science and Engineering A 2010, 527,1395-1403..
2) Zhang Jin-Shan,Zhang Zhao-gaung,Zhang Yu-hua et.al.,Trans.Nonferrous Met.Soc.China
2010, 20 ,377-382.










79

P 024 Influence of Loading Condition on Stress Intensity Factor
Determination of Threaded Bolt

S. Suresh Kumar
1
C.Chenna Kesavan
2
R. Gowtham Prabu*
3

1
Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SSN College of Engineering,
Kalavakkam- 603110,ssk.iitm@gmail.com
2,3
UG students, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SSN College of Engineering,
Kalavakkam- 603110,
Email: gowthamprabu11111@gmail.com

Generally cracks initiate at the free surface, at points of high stress concentration
such as, root of the thread, thread to shank run out region, tool mark on the surface and at
locations where there is a sharp change in size and shape of the bolt. Thus there is a need to
evaluate the crack tip stresses to determine the residual life of the bolt. The crack tip stress
fields are determined by stress intensity factor (SIF). In the present work an attempt has been
made to determine the effect of loading condition on SIF determination of inclined crack at
the root of the thread using numerical method. Crack depth ratio of 0.1 to 0.5 and crack
inclination angles varying from 0
0
to 67.5
0
were considered. Three different loading
conditions such as, far field loading, nut loading and thread face loading were considered.
The crack region was partitioned from the geometry to apply fine mesh around the crack tip
and a 20 node quadratic brick element was used to mesh the crack region. Mixed mode SIF
was determined for various values of crack inclination angles and crack depth ratios. The
magnitude of the load applied was kept constant (100 MPa) in all the cases. Lower values of
SIF is observed for straight cracks subjected to thread face loading compared to other two
loading conditions. SIF values estimated for a direct nut loading condition is lower at short
crack depth due to higher stress concentration at the thread root region whereas SIF values of
far field loading condition increases with crack depth ratio. As the angle of inclination
increases, SIF values found to be decreased which may be due to reduction of crack opening
displacement with inclination.

Key Words - Stress Intensity Factor (SIF), Crack depth ratio, Geometry correction factor,
Nut loading, Far field loading, Thread face loading.

80


Figure 1: Thread root with a line crack nomenclature

References
1) J.R. Yates. Zanganeh,R.A. Tomlinson,M.W. Brown,F.A. Diaz Garrido, Journal
of Engineering fracture mechanics 2008, 75, Pages 319-330.
2) M. Guagliano, M. Pau, Journal of Tribology International 2007, 40, Pages
1147116



P 025 Finite Element Analysis for Design Analysis and Selection of
Three Aluminium Piston Alloys

Saravanan S, Gopakumar S, M Ravi*
NIIST,Papanacode,Trivandrum
Email: saravanansnair@gmail.com

In this paper stress distribution and thermal analysis of three standard aluminum
piston alloys were studied by using finite element method (FEM). The parameters used for
this simulation are material properties, operating gas pressure and temperature at boundary
surface. Engine used for this study is a four stroke single cylinder petrol engine of hero
Honda Splender plus. The analytical design of three piston alloy having the above
specification of petrol engine is used. The piston modeling is done in Solidworks software
and analysis is done in Comsol. Maximum stress, temperature and deformation in critical
region on the different aluminum alloy pistons is predicted. The importance of this analysis
is to find the critical area of concentrated study. The best aluminum alloy material is selected
based on the result of stress analysis.

81

.


Figure 1. Surface temperature image of aluminium piston(Comsol FE Analysis)

References
1) Thermal stress analysis of diesel engine Piston, B R Ramesh and Kishan Naick,
International conference on Challenges and opportunities in Mechanical Engineering,
Industrial engineering and management studies (ICCMIM-2012),11-13 July
2) Thermal Effect on diesel engine piston and piston compression rings, Dr Ahammad Al
Beiruthi.Dr Basim M, Engg & Tech Journal 2009,VOl 27,No 8.



P 026 Fatigue Analysis of A319 Alloy for Connecting Rod

Shabeer.T.S, Santhoshkumar.S.V ,M.C.Shaji
NIIST,Pappanamcode,Trivandrum,kerala
Email: Shabeerts007@gmail.com

Now a days fatigue failure becomes a major challenge in the automotive parts. Cast
iron are widely using for the manufacture of connecting rod. Aluminium alloys now
replacing the cast iron due to its light weight ,wear resistance and strength by the addition of
other metals. Mg addition gives the alloy high strength and improved fatigue resistance
strength.0.2% Mg addition with two stage solutioning of heat treatment improved its
mechanical properties due to the formation of Mg
2
Si phase, which is suitable for the
automobile production, there by decreasing the over all weight of engine. In this paper , the
stress and forces in the connecting rod studied and designed a connecting rod in Al 319
alloy.


82


Figure 1. Stress in connecting rod in one crank rotation

References
1) Emma Sjolander,Salem Seifeddine. Journal of Materials Processing Technology
2010,210, 1249-1259
2) F.J. Tavitas-Medrano, J.E.Gruzleski, F.H. Samuel, S.Valtierra, H.W.Doty. Materials
Science and Engineering 2008, A 480, 356364.



P 027 Investigative study on Metallurgical properties of Drill bits
used in Oil Well Drilling

Alex Bernard*
Department of Well Engineering, International College of Engineering and Management,
Seeb, P.O.2511, Sultanate of Oman
Email: alexsaljona@gmail.com

Drill bits play a vital role in determining the efficient performance of oil rigs .The bit
is the most basic tool used by the drilling engineer, and the selection of the best bit and bit
operating conditions is one of the basic problem that he faces. The metallurgy of the bit and
shape is selected based on the formations where they are used.
1
The commonly used drill bit
materials are steel, tungsten carbide, natural diamond and synthetic diamonds such as
polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) and thermally stable polycrystalline (TSP).
2
The bit
type selected has a large effect on rate of penetration(ROP).
Unfortunately, the selection of the best available bit for the job can be determined only by
trial and error.
3
The most valid criterion for comparing the performance of various bits is the
drilling cost per unit interval drilled.
4
The stress concentration, speed of loading, temperature
and thermal shocks are the major reasons leading the failure of drill bit materials.
This paper focus on the investigation of metallurgical properties of above mentioned
materials and its efficiency while operating in various formations.
5
It also highlights the
performance of hybrid bits which has taken the unique properties of each of the various

83

materials and combined them on one bit. The paper concludes with suggesting an optimum
model for material selection comparing with rate of penetration and cost.

References
1) Joanne Liou. Drilling Contractor,2012,68,34-45.
2) Jonathan Dunlop; Rustam Istangulov; Walt Aldred. Drilling Contractor, 2011,
67, 80-86.
3) Kaite MazerovDrilling Contractor,2013, 69,138-145.
4) Kate Van Dyke, The Bit. Petroleum Extension Service, 1995.
5) Adam T. Bourgoyne Jr.Applied Drilling Engineering. Society of Petroleum
Engineers,2003



P 028 Structural Study of Glass Forming Compositions in Binary
CuXZr1-X Alloy Using Molecular Dynamics


Anik Shrivastava
1
, M M Khandpekar
2
, D S Gowtam
1
, V P Deshmukh
1

1Naval Materials Research Lab, Shil- Badlpapur Road, Ambernath , Maharashtra 421506
2Birla College, Murbad Road, Kalyan , Maharashtra 421304
Email:anikshrivastava05@gmail.com

We have carried out Molecular Dynamics Simulation (MD) on binary Cu1-XZrX
(X= 46,50, 62) system. All Simulations were done in isobaric-isothermal (NPT) ensemble
using embedded atom potentials provided by Mendelev with in large-scale atomic/molecular
massively parallelsimulator (LAMMPS). Our Model consists of randomly distributed 4000
Copper and Zirconiumatoms with in cubic cell under periodic boundary conditions.
Initiallythis alloy system was fullycrystalline thus heated at very higher temperature i.e.
2500K, to remove its crystalline signature,then it was equilibrated at 20ps to make system
homogeneous, after holding for enough time it wasrapidly cooled down to 200K with
cooling rate of 1012 K/s at MD time step of 1 fs (10-15 s).Information about volume
variation was collected from heating and cooling curves. Radial Distribution Functions
(RDF) were calculated for all temperature range and their variation withrespect to
temperature reveals the structural features our alloy system. Splitting in the second peak
of RDFs is an indication that glass phase has formed.

Keywords: Molecular Dynamics, Radial Distribution function, LAMMPS






84

P 029 Investigations on the Densification Behaviour and
Mircostructural Features of Spray Granulated Lanthanum
Phosphate Ceramics

M. Midhun, M. Firoz Khan, K. Shijina, K. V. Arun Kumar, S. Sankar, K. G. K.
Warrier and U. S. Hareesh*
Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary
Science and Technology, Industrial Estate PO, Thiruvananthapuram-695019
Email: hareesh@niist.res.in

Lanthanum phosphate, a common material in the family of rare earth phosphate,
possesses excellent high temperature phase stability, low thermal conductivity, good
corrosion resistance and high thermal expansion coefficient. A host of preparative techniques
have been developed to synthesise lanthanum phosphate particles of controlled size,
morphology and composition. Sol gel methods of synthesis results in the formation of LaPO
4

nanorods of 15-20 nm diamter and ~1 micron length. Compaction processing of such
nanorods often fail to achieve the desired levels of densification required for applications.
The present work thus reports on the spray granulation of lanthanum phosphate nanorods and
their subsequent compaction and sintering to dense monoliths. Slurries obtained by the
dispersion of LaPO
4
in water in presence of a suitable binder was spray dried under
optimised conditions to obtain granules of sizes in the range of 10-30 microns. The granules
are compacted to discs of 20 mm diamter and 5mm thickness. Sintering has been performed
under pressureless conditions in the range of 1200-1500C. The densification results and the
microstrctural features are presented and analysed.



Figure 1. Spray dried granules of LaPO
4
obtained from an aqueous slurry of LaPO
4

nanorods




85

References
1) Komban Rajesh; Palantavida Shajesh; Olaf Seidel; Poothayil Mukundan; Krishna G. K.
Warrier, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2007, 17, 16821690.
2) Turchiuli, C.; Gianfrancesco, A.; Palzer, S.; Dumoulin, E., Powder Technology, 2011, 208
433440.
3) Cao, X. Q.; Vassen, R.; Schwartz, S.; Jungen, W.; Tietz, F.; Stoever, D., Journal of the
European Ceramic Society, 2000, 20, 2433-2439.



P 030 Segmentation of Corrosion Alloys Based on Color and
Texture Features

C.Mythili
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, University College of
Engineering Nagercoil, Tamilnadu, India
Email: mythiliselva@yahoo.co.in

A new segmentation approach is proposed in this paper which combines color
texture features to get accurate segmentation. The corrosion input images obtained from
General databases are in RGB color model. The color image is transformed from RGB color
space to YC
b
C
r
color space. The statistical color features are extracted from YC
b
C
r
color
space. The fuzzy texture unit is determined by the extraction of local texture information
from each pixel. The combined feature extraction of color and texture are implemented using
Improved Adaptive Kernelized Fuzzy C Means clustering strategy (IAKFCM). It is
concluded that IAKFCM method has outperformed quantitatively and qualitatively results
when compared to the existing methods in segmentation.
The proposed method segments the corrosion surface image based on color-texture features.
The input image is transformed from RGB to YC
b
C
r
color space. YC
b
C
r
color system
approximates human vision and its Luminance component Y and the chrominance
component C
b,
C
r
matches closely with human perception of light. It is very convenient to
measure small color difference while the RGB color space does not. It can be used to make
accurate color balance corrections. The color features were extracted from YC
b
C
r
color
space. Then the texture features such as contrast, energy, and entropy are extracted from the
input image. The combined color and texture features are segmented used IAKFAM. The
block diagram of the proposed method is shown in Figure 1.




86


Figure 1 Block diagram of IRKFCM based color image segmentation



Sl.No

Input Image

Segmented Image



1







2






3





87



4






5



6



7


8




References
1) T. Chan and L. A. Vese, IEEE Transactions on Image P(
2)Schulte S, De Witte, V, Nachtegael, M, Van der Weken, and Kerre, EE, IEEE
Transactions Image Processing, 2006, 3567-3578.

88

3) F. Gibou and R. Fedkiw, Proc. 4th Annu. Hawaii Int. Conf. Stat. Math.,2002 281
291.
4) Dana Ilea, E & Whelan Paul, F, Pattern recognition, 44(10), 2011)2479-2501.
5) X.-C. Tai and C.-H. Yao, J. Comput. Math., 24(3) ,2006, 435443.
6) Junquing Chen, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2005, 14(10), 1524-1536.
7) Young deok chun, sang yong seo , nam chul kim , IEEE Transactions on Circuits and
Systems for Video Technology, 2003, 13(9), , 951-957.
8) Ooi, W.S , Lim, C.P , 2009, Workshop on Advances in Intelligent Computing;, 11-16.
9) Ramadevi, Y, Sridevi, T, Poornima, B & Kalyani, B 2010, International Journal of
Computer Science and Information Technology ; 2010, 2(6), 153-161.
10) Xiang-yang Wang, Ting wang & Judn bu, Pattern Recognition; 2010, 777-787.



P 031 Formability and Spring Back Analysis on Friction Stir
Welded Blanks

Renju Mohan, Satheesh kumar S, Dr. N R Rajesh*
Dept. name of Mechanical Engineering, Govt. Engineering College Barton
hill,Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
Email: renjumohan@live.com

In the present work formability of friction stir welded AA 6056 blanks has been
studied by finite element methods. The model consist of one mm thick welded blank forced
between a punch and die. The FEM model built in structural mechanics module of Comsol
Multiphysics. The punch displacement vs. force data and spring back after punch release was
studied. The Finite element model was validated with globally accepted NAFEMS
benchmark problem. The FEM results shows that the formability significantly reduces after
friction stir welding, and have large spring back. This may be due to the micro structural
changes and residual stress developed after friction stir welding.



Figure 1. Stress distribution and Spring back after punch release


89

References
1) Cavaliere, G. Campanile,F. Panella,A. Squillace. Journal of Materials Processing
Technology, 2006, 180, 263270
2) Amir Abbas Zadpoor, Jos Sinke, Rinze Benedictus. Materials and Design, 2009, 30,
14231434.



P 032 Novel Fluorescent Probe to Detect and Visualize Cholesterol
Deposit in Tissues

A. Shanti Krishna, C. Radhakumary
*
and K. Sreenivasan
*

Laboratory for Polymer Analysis, Biomedical Technology Wing, SreeChitraTirunal Institute
for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, kerala, 695012, India
Email:shanthikrishna01@gail.com

Formation of cholesterol dominant deposition and the subsequent blockage of
blood vessels is a leading cause of heart attack.Unfortunately such flakes in the initial stage
evades commonly followed clinical practices. In this study our effort is to design
a fluorescent biocompatible probe for visualising cholesterol deposits.
Photoluminescent carbon dots (CD) constitute a fascinating class of nanocarbons
possessing several favorable attributes such as low toxicity, biocompatibility, green synthetic
route, optical stability and versatile surface modification.
1
We developed a nanoprobe, CD
conjugated with digitonin (CDADDG) for targeting cholesterol deposits. Amine capped CDs
synthesized as reported earlier
2
were modified with adipic acid (AD) via EDC chemistry to
obtain carboxyl terminated CDs (CDAD) which were further conjugated with digitonin in
presence of DCC/DMAP. Physico-chemical characterization of the probe (CDADDG) as
well as its affinity towards cholesterol was carried. The ability of the fluorescent nanoprobe
to dock cholesterol was demonstrated by incubating tissues with cholesterol deposit (Figure
1). It has been observed that some portions of the tissue showed fluorescence within 5mts
ensuring that digitonin containing fluorescent probe is a quick and effective method for
imaging life threating cholesterol deposits in biological tissues..




90



Figure 1. A) Heart tissue with cholesterol deposit B) Heart muscle without cholesterol
deposit incubated with CDADDG, when viewed under UV light at 365 nm

References
1) Ko, H.Y.; Chang, Y. W.; Paramasivam, G.; Jeong, M.S.; Cho, S.; Kim, S.
Chem.Commun.,2013, 49,1029010292.
2) Wang, F.; Pang, S.; Wang, L.; Li, Q.; Kreiter, M.; Liu, C. Chem. Mater. 2010, 22, 4528
4530.


P 033 Cost-Effective Maskless Projection Photolithography
System.

Abin Varghese
1
, Ananthu P.S, GautamMitra, MadhuThalakulam*
School of Physics, Indian institute of Science Education and Research-Thiruvananthapuram
(IISER-TVM), Kerala, India, 695016
Email:abinvarghese@iisertvm.ac.in

Photolithography is one of the essential requirements to fabricate micron scale
devices. Usually this is accomplished using dedicated commercially available lithography
set-ups, which may not be affordable for small aspiring research groups. In this work we
report the development of a low cost mask-less projection lithography system
1
. The patterns
are designed on a computer and projected using an ordinary LCD overhead projector. The
patterns are reduced down to the required dimensions using a conventional inspection
microscope.
Samples were prepared by spin-coating photo-resists and exposed using the above
mentioned setup. Patterns down to five micro-meters can be realized using this technique.

References:
1) J. David Musgraves, Brett T. Close, and David M. Tanenbaum,Am. J. Phys., October
2005, Vol. 73, No. 10.


91

P 034 Nanodispersions of ZnO: Preparation Characterization and
Stabilization

Anand K., Thomas Kurian, Siby Varghese*
ACRT Division, Rubber Research Institute of India, Kottayam 686 009, Kerala, India
CochinUniversity of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, Kerala, India
Email: anand.rrii@gmail.com

Ultra-fine or nano sized particles ofZnO finds a lot of applications in optoelectronic
devices, photocatalysts, cosmetics, pigments, paints, rubber, ceramics, solar cells, varistors,
sensors etc.
1
An efficient and inexpensive route for the synthesis of zinc oxide nano- rods
viaa solvent free process and methods for the preparation of stable aqueous dispersions of
the same are discussed here. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by
various analytical methods. The highly crystalline nature of synthesized ZnO was confirmed
from XRD analysis with an average particle size of35nm. Colloidal dispersions of metal
oxide nanopowderscan be stabilized by electrostatic and steric methods.
2
To improve the
quality of the dispersion, ZnO nanoparticles were surface treated with various surfactants.
Effect of these surfactants on particle size and stability were followed through dynamic light
scattering (DLS) studies and zeta potential measurements. Zeta potential measurement
indicated that ZnO dispersions surface stabilized with sodium dodecyl sulphate showed
better stability. The effect of ultrasonication on particle size distributions was examined and
optimized the conditions.











Figure 1.Intensity distribution for synthesized ZnO nanoparticlesdispersed in
sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Inset shows the stable ZnOnano dispersions


References
1) Wang, L.; Muhammed, M. J. Mater. Chem. 1999, 9, 2871-2878.
2) Mandzy, J.N.; Grulke, E.; Druffel, T. Powder Technology.2005, 160, 12


92

P 035 Electrochemical Properties of Reduced Graphene- Nickel
Oxide

AnithaKumary V
a*
,K Sreevalsan
b
& Mary Nancy TE
a

a
Post Graduate & Research Department of Chemistry, Sree Narayana College for Women,
Kollam, Kerala, India. 691001,
b
Post Graduate & Research Department of Chemistry, Sree Narayana College, Kollam,
Kerala, India. 691001,

This paper describes the preparation, characterization, and electrochemical
properties of reduced grapheme oxide nickel oxide composite. The reduced grapheme oxide
was prepared by a modified Hummers method followed by solar exfoliation. This was
characterized by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD),
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) .A novel
solar graphene-nickel oxide modified glassy carbon electrode was developed and used for
the selective detection of dopamine. The sensor exhibited appreciable electrocatalytic effect
towards the detection of low concentrations of dopamine in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution
at pH 7 . A very low detection limit of 0.9 0.15 nM was attained in the linear range of 10
nM to 50 nM by chronoamperometry.



P 036 Conductivity Studies of Pr(OH)
3
Nanorods

Babu K Thomas, Jeethu Abraham, Lakshmi G Krishna, Gijo Jose*
Department of Physics, St. Berchmans College, Changanasserry, Kerala, 686 101, India
Email: baboothomaz@gmail.com

Complex impedance spectroscopic technique is considered to be a promising non-
destructive testing method for analyzing the electrical processes occurring in a compound on
the application of ac signal as input perturbation. In this work, the temperature and frequency
variation of dielectric constant (), and dielectric loss (D) of praseodymium hydroxidewere
studied, which was employed to obtain cole-cole plots, over the frequency range 100 Hz to 5
MHz.
The impedance measurements of the nanorods reveal that their electrical
conductivity is attributed to the decreasing resistance of grain boundaries.
1
The increase in
with decreasing frequency results from charge accumulation at the interface. This leads to a
net polarization of the ionic medium, which contributes to , whereas at high frequencies,
the periodic reversal of the field takes place so rapidly such a way that there is no excess ion
diffusion in the direction of the field, resulting in constant value.
2
Plots of the dielectric
loss against frequency shows that the positions of the peaks apparently shift toward lower
frequency with the increase of the peak height when temperature increases. The Cole-Cole

93

plot exhibits single semicircles, resistance decreases with rise in temperature indicating a
negative temperature coefficient of resistivity as in a semiconductor, as shown in the figure.
These characteristics indicate the sample shows high temperature and frequency dependence.








References
1) Shamshi Hassan, M.; ShaheerAkhtar,M.; Kyung-Bo Shim; O-Bong Yang; Nanoscale Res
Letters, 2010, 5, 735740.
2) Khadeer PashaS.K.; Chidambaram, K.; Vijayan, N.; Madhuri, W.; Optoelectronics and
Advanced Materials Rapid Communications,2012, 6, 110 116.




P 037 MoS
2
Quantum Dots Interspersed Exfoliated MoS
2
Nanosheets: Synthesis, Characterization and Hydrogen Evolution
Reaction Studies

Deepesh Gopalakrishnan
1
, Dijo Damien and M. M. Shaijumon*
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research- Thiruvananthapuram, CET Campus,
Sreekaryam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, INDIA 695016
E-mail: deepesh.chaithram@iisertvm.ac.in

Recently, 2D layered inorganic materials such as molybdenum disulphide (MoS
2
),
hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and other dichalcogenides are being investigated with lots of
attention. Wide interest on such exfoliated materials including graphene results from their
Figure 1. Cole-Cole plot for the sample at different temperatures

94

unique properties upon exfoliation. While graphene, with its zero bandgap energy, seems to
be unsuitable for many of the electronics and optics applications, its recently explored
inorganic analogues such as MoS
2
, with its large intrinsic bandgap and high carrier mobility,
show great promise for such applications and have opened up new prospects for
technological breakthroughs.
1
Different approaches to obtain few-layered MoS
2
have been
reported, which includes mechanical exfoliation, liquid exfoliation, chemical route, chemical
vapour deposition (CVD).
2
Here we reportthe synthesis of MoS
2
quantum dot-anchored on
few-layered sheets of MoS
2
using liquid exfoliation technique in organic solvents. This
unique hybrid morphology results from the optimized experimental conditions involving
bath sonication followed by ultrasound probe sonication. We show that such hetero-
dimensional hybrid materials could easily be extracted from the solvent as precipitates when
post-treated with volatile solvents such as chloroform. We believe this could pave the way
for large scale synthesis of such liquid-exfoliated layered structures for their potential use in
various applications, which remained as one of the limitations.
3
In addition, studies on the
hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of these nanostructures showed enhanced
performance which we believe is due to the increase in the exposed active edge surfaces.
4
Keywords:Molybdenum disulfide, Liquid exfoliation technique, quantum dots, nanosheets
hydrogen evolution reaction

References:
1. Zhou, K. G.; Mao, N. N.; Wang, H. X.; Zhang, H. L. Angew.Chem., Int. Ed., 2011, 50,
10839- 10842.
2. Coleman, J. N.; Lotya, M.; O'Neill, A.; Bergin, S. D. et. Al. Science, 2011, 331, 568- 571.
3. Neill, A. O.; Khan, U.; and Coleman, J. N. Chem. Mater. , 2012, 24, 2414- 2421.
4. Deepesh Gopalakrishnan; Dijo Damien; M. M. Shaijumon. ACS Nano, 2014, 8, 5297-
5303.



P 038 Synthesis of Super hydrophobic Nanofilm

Emmanuel joseph
Department of polymer engineering, Mahatma Gandhi University College of engineering,
Thodupuzha, kerala 685584 india
Email:polymermguce2012@gmail.com

We all know how limited our vision while driving during heavy rain. Water sprayed by
wheels of other vehicles, makes driving even more difficult. This phenomenon can be solved
by the application of Lotus effect in Automotive windshield. The present paper deals the
Lotus effect can be demonstrated in Automobile Windshield with polydimethylsiloxane
coating. We are now formulating the process of lotus effect from the lotus plant. The Lotus
flower is the symbol of purity in several Asian religions as it is guessed because of the self-
cleaning property of the lotus leaf. Dirt particles are washed away by water droplets due to
the self cleaning property on the lotus cleaning is introduced in the Automotive windshield

95

that eases the manual cleaning and water spray could clean the foreign particles completely.
And the vehicle travel in rain is made much safer by increasing the driver's visibility as lotus
effect formulated windshield does not makes the rain water to stay on the surface. The
Lotus effect can be demonstrated in Automobile Windshield with polydimethylsiloxane
coating.
Key notes: lotus effect, self-cleaning

References
1) Dettre and Johnson, theoretical based on experiment with glass beads coating using
paraffin, hydrophobic surfaces,1964.
2) Barthlott and Ehler, self-cleaning property of super hydrophobic micro-nano structured
surfaces, university of bonn,1977.
3) Brown, study on super hydrophobic material perfluroakyl and perfluoropolyether for
lotus effect, department of biological,1986.



P 039 Synthesis and Characterization of Silica Nanoparticles from
Kunnangkadu Rice Husk Ash

J. PremaKumari
Assistant professor, Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil
Email: premarussel@rediffmail.com

Silica nanoparticles have found application in many advanced areas. This research
work is concerned with the preparation of silica nanoparticles by heat treatment of
Kunnangkadu rice husk following the sol-gel method. It involves simultaneous hydrolysis
and condensation reaction. The resulting gel mixture was aged at 60
o
C and the aging time
was 8 h. In order to identify the optimal condition for producing the homogenous silica
nanoparticles, the effects of surfactant surface coverage, aging temperature and aging time
were investigated. The silica nanoparticle obtained was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, UV-
visible spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The rice husk
ash was also subjected to Atomic absorption spectroscopy before and after acid treatment.
This result shows that large percentage of silica particles are seen in the after acid treatment
sample than the before acid treatment sample. In order to determine the influence of surface
active substances to the particle size two types of surface active substances are investigated.
The results show that the size distribution of silica particles is more uniform in neutrally
charged surfactant (Poly ethylene glycol, PEG). When using the cationic surfactant
(Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) the dispersion of the sample was much better
with the smallest size of particles. The result indicates that the CTAB surfactant has coated
uniformly the surface of the material giving it much better dispersion in suspension. By
increasing the concentration of surfactant from 0.5 to 1.5 wt % the particle size and uniform
dispersion can be achieved. Above the concentration value of surfactant the particle size

96

becomes larger and causes aggregation. This suggests that 1.5 wt % CTAB is the best
surface active substance to protect the surface of silica in which silica nanoparticles are
uniform. The FT-IR spectra of the silica nanoparticles show that the peaks at 1101, 950 and
801 Cm
-1
corresponds to asymmetric, symmetric and bending mode of silica. The
characteristic peak observed at 2 =26
o
in the XRD diagram indicate that the samples are
nearly amorphous. UV-visible spectra have shown an absorption band at 220 nm in all the
samples.



P 040 Raman and Infra Red Studies of CuO Nanoparticles

JijiKoshy, AnoopChandran, Soosen Samuel, Reenu Elizabeth Thomas, Manuja M
and K C George*
Department of Physics, S.B. College, Changanacherry, Kerala, 686101, India
Email: koshyjiji@gmail.com


CuO nanoparticles of 8 nm have been prepared successfully by a precipitation
method. Structural and morphological studies were carried out using XRD, SEM and TEM.
Infra red active vibrational frequencies were identified using infrared spectroscopy. Three
main vibrational modes are observed at 450, 515, and 592 cm
-1
. High frequency mode at
590 cm
-1
is due to the Cu-O stretching vibration along [101] direction. The prepared samples
of CuO nanoparticle comprises of purely CuO phase without any trace of Cu
2
O. We
examined the raman scattering in CuOnanoparticles and the symmetries of three raman
active optical phonons have been identified.

References
1) Heltemes, E. C. Physical Review. 1966, 141, 803-8058.
2) Xu, J. F; Ji, W; Shen, Z. X; Li W. S; Tang, S. H; Ye, X. R; Jia, D. Z; and Xin, X. Q.
Journal of Raman spectra of CuOnanocrystal; 1999, 30, 413-415.



P 041 Electrochemical Method for Synthesis of Zinc Titanate Nano
Particles

K. S. Beenakumari
Depatent of eisty All aints ollegeThiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695007
E-mail:beenagireesh@yahoo.co.uk

A new method for the synthesis of zinc titanatenano particle is developed by
coupling electro-deposition technique and co-precipitation method The zinc titanate

97

particles produced by the electrochemical methods were characterized by XRD, TG, UV-
Visible absorption and FTIR analysis. Electrochemical method is found suitable for
producing nickel titanate particles. The common solid state synthesis leads to large crystal
grains with uncontrolled and irregular morphologies. Molten salt synthesis is found to be
complicated and in sol-gel synthesis, the precursor chemicals are very expensive. The
developed electrochemical technique is able to produce zinc titanate particles having uniform
particle size, high purity and compositional uniformity. The particle size was calculated
based on the Scherer equation and the average particle size was found to be 50 nm.. .

Keywords: zinctitanate, Electrochemical method, band gap, Photocatalyst,



P 042 Preparing Low Cost Nano Porous Materials from
Orange Fruit Peel Wastes to Remove Textile Dye

M. Jaya Rajan
1
, and G. Annadurai
2
1
Department of Chemistry,Annai Velankanni college, Tholayavattam.
2
Environmental Nanotechnology Division, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for
Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi-627 412,
Tamil Nadu, India

The aim of the present study was to discover the effect of agricultural waste product
nano- porous adsorbent of orange peel waste for removing textile dye from aqueous solution.
The effect of adsorption isotherm were studied by carrying out a series of isotherm at
different adsorbent dosages (1.0, 2.0, 3.0 g L1), temperatures (30, 40 and 60C) and pH
(4.95, 8.14, 9.74), respectively. The adsorption equilibrium data were analyzed by using
various adsorption isotherm models and the results have shown that adsorption behavior of
the dye could be described reasonably well by langmuir and freundlich models. The
characteristic of the Nano porous materials of orange fruit peel waste was studied using
FTIR, SEM, TGA, BET Analysis.The parameters for each isotherm have been determined.
We concluded based on these results that Orangefruit peel nano-porous adsorbent was an
attractive candidate for removing textile dye from the wastewater.










98

P 043 CaAlO Nanoparticles for Plasma Display Applications

M.Freeda
1
and G. Suresh
2
1
Department of Physics, Ponjesly College of Engineering, Nagercoil-629303, Tamilnadu,
India.
2
Department of Engineering Physics, FEAT, Annamalai University, Chidambaram 608
002,India.
Email:
1
freeda321@rediffmail.com,
2
dr.gsuresh@rediffmail.com

Abstract Dy and Mn doped Calcium Aluminate nanoparticles were synthesized
by Sol Gel method using calcium Acetate Aluminum Acetate Dysprosium Nitrate
Manganese Acetate and 2.Methoxy ethanol as starting materials. Based on hydrolysis of
Ca
2+
,Dy
3+
and Al
3+
in the solgel processing using 2.Methoxy ethanol as solvent have been
employed as the precursor material. Heat treated material was characterized by X-ray
diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with X-ray analysis. The
Dy and Mn doped phosphor exhibit good emission at the excitation of the material with 380
nm wavelengths generates a strong emission at 480nm.

I. INRODUCTION
By Sol-gel method CaOSrOAl
2
O
3
thin films using metal alkoxides were prepared
and its characteristics were analysed[1]. Structural and optical properties of CaOSrOAl
2
O
3

thin films were derived by sol-gel dip coating process[2]. This work is concerned with the
systematic relations between luminescence emission and crystal structure for Dy and Mn-
activated alkaline earth aluminates.

II. EXPERIMENT
CaAl
2
O
4
powder was synthesized by Sol-Gel method. All the reagents used in the
experiments were in analytical grade and used without any further purification. 98% of 2M
Calcium acetate [(CH
3
.COO)
2
Ca.2H
2
O, >98.5%] with 1% of Aluminum acetate
[C
4
H
6
AlO
4
.4H
2
O, >99.0%] and 1% of Manganese acetate for CaAl
2
O
4
:Mn and 1% of
Dysprosium Nitrate for CaAl
2
O
4
:Dy were used as the precursors.The Calcium acetate and
Aluminum acetate and Manganese acetate were dissolved in 2-methoxy ethanol. The
solutions were mixed by a magnetic stirrer at 80C. After sometime a fixed amount of
ammonia was added to the above mixture drop wise to maintaining pH values with
continuous stirring and heating. On further heating,white green colour powder was obtained.
The synthesized powder was annealed at 900C for 2 hour.Confirmation of pure
CaAl
2
O
4
:Mn and CaAl
2
O
4
:Dy phase is verified by XRD analysis. The shape and morphology
of particles are studied by SEM pictures obtained.

III. CONCLUSION
In this paper, by using sol-gel method the materials characterization such as X-ray
diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Photoluminescence (PL) were
analysed. The prepared CaAlO nanoparticles may possibly applicable for fluorescent lamp

99

and plasma display applications. Mn and Dy activated Calcium Aluminates are found good
blue emitting phosphors. The Calcium Aluminate nano powder exhibit monoclinic structure.

References
1) P.M.Chavhan et.al,Ceramics International , 2011, 37, 3413-3417.
2) P.M.Chavhan et.al, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 2011,357,1351-1356.



P 044 Pure and Mn Doped ZnS Nanorods Using Facile Chemical
Route

M.Priya Dharshini*, V.Shally, Sr.Gerardin Jayam
Research Department of Physics, Holy Cross College, Nagercoil-4, Tamilnadu

Nanoscale semiconductor materials doped with impurities as activators have been
the subject of an extensive research interest in recent years due to their applications for a
variety of commercial devices. As one of the well-known II-VI compound semiconductors,
ZnS is particularly suitable for use as a luminescent host material for a variety of dopants
due to its wide band gap energy at room temperature. Pure and Mn doped ZnS nanorods are
synthesized using a facile chemical route. From XRD, it is confirmed that both pure and
doped ZnS nanoparticles exhibit cubic structure. The average grain size is found to be
around 5 nm. SEM results show that the generated nanorods are of corn-like structure. UV
absorption spectrum studies reveal that there is a blue shift in the doped and undoped ZnS
nanoparticles arising from quantum confinement effect.



P 045 Synthesis and Characterisation of Nano Alunina Using
Chitosan as Precursor

ManjushaHariharan*
1
, Neethumol Varghese
1
, Dr. A Benny Cherian
1
1
Department of Chemistry, Union Christian College, Aluva, (MG University), Ernakulum,
Kerala,
683102, India.
Email:manjushahariharan@gmail.com

Metal oxide nano particles have been extensively synthesized because of its wide
applications. In this paper Nano alumina is synthesized using Aluminum nitrate and citric
acid as the reacting materials and chitosan as precursor. Simple Sol-Gel method is used for
this synthesis. Synthesized nano alumina is characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR and UV-
Visible Spectroscopy and is compared with the commercially available nano alumina.

100

Obtained Crystalline -Al
2
O
3
nano powder had a particle size distribution ranging from 10 to
32 nm. Nano alumina powder is extensively used in various fields such as electronics,
biocompatible implants, catalyst supports and high temperature applications. It is a
biodegradablematerial, well tolerated by the biological environment.

Key words: Nano alumina, synthesis, chitosan, sol-gel.



P 046 Effect of Peg on the Sol-Gel Synthesis of Nano Titanium
Dioxide

Neethumol Varghese
1*
, Manjusha Hariharan
1
, Dr. A. Benny Cherian
1

1
Department of Chemistry, Union Christian College (M. G. University, Kottayam), Aluva,
Ernakulam(Dist), Kerala, PIN: 683102, India.
Email: neethumol84@gmail.com

Nano titanium dioxide (TiO
2
) has attracted great attention in the fields of
engineering as well as in our industrial world. The performance is influenced by particle size
and its purity. It is preferred to have smaller particle size with high purity. In this work, the
nano crystalline titanium dioxide was prepared by simple sol-gel method and was
characterized. The powder was analyzed for its phases using X-ray powder diffraction
(XRD) technique and the crystallite size was calculated. Surface morphological studies and
the size distribution were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The
formation of titanianano particles were also confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)
and UV-visible spectrometric measurements. The synthesis utilizes the structure-directing
interactions between Polyethylene glycol and organic precursor, titanium tetraisopropoxide.
A plausible mechanism is proposed for the formation of titanium dioxide nano particles
andis expected that this synthetic technique can be extended to obtain other metal oxides.

Keywords: Nano titanium dioxide, sol gel, polyethylene glycol.









101

P 047 Study of Structural Properties of Cerium Doped Nano Nickel
Ferrite Material

PP Muhammed Maheen
1
,E M Mohammed
1
1Resea Depatent of Pysis Maaajas ollege Enakula Keala682011Inia
Email:mohdmaheenpp@gmail.com

Cerium substituted Nickel ferrite nanoparticles with general formula NiCe
X
Fe
2-X
O
4

(x=0.0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.20) have been synthesized by using sol-gel method. The crystalline
structure and grain size of these particles were analyzed by using XRD, the particle size
ranged from 12.22nm to 17.60nm.The decrease in value of the lattice parameter with doping
suggests that there is a shrinkage in unit cell. The single-phase cubic spinel structure was
clearly indicated by the XRD patterns of pure NiFe
2
O
4
.The XRD pattern also show that all
the samples had formed the cubic single phase spinel structure.

References
1) B.D. Cullity,Elements of X-ray Diffraction, Addison- Wesley,California,1978
2) Alex Goldman, Modern Ferrite Technology, 2
nd
Edn., Springer, Pittsburgh,2006.
3) M. Srivastava, Chaubey S and Ojha A.K, Investigation on size dependent structural and
magnetic behavior of nickel ferrite nanoparticles prepared by Sol-Gel and hydrothermal
method, Mater. Chem. Phys,2009,118,174-180,
4) Gunter Schmids, Nanoparticles: From Theory to Application, Second Edition, Wiley-
VCH, Weinheim, 2010


P 048 Preparation and Characterization of Potato Starch
Nanocrystal Reinforced Natural Rubber Latex Nanocomposites

K.R. Rajishaa,Hanna.J.MariabL.A.Pothanc, ZakiahAhmadd, and S. Thomas
e

a
Department of Chemistry, CMS College, Kottayam, Kerala, India
b
School of Chemical Sciences, M G University, Kottayam 686560, Kerala.
c
Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara-690101, Kerala, India
d
Faculty of Civil Engineering, University Technology Mara Malaysia,ShahAlam, Selangor,
Malaysia
c
Centrefor Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, M G University , Kottayam 686560,
Kerala.

Potato starch nanocrystals were found to serve as an effective reinforcing agent for
natural rubber (NR). Starch nanocrystals were obtained by the sulfuric acid hydrolysis of
potato starch granules. After mixing the latex and the starch nanocrystals, the resulting
aqueous suspension was cast into film by solvent evaporation method. The composite

102

samples were successfully prepared by varying filler loadings, using a colloidal suspension
of starch nanocrystals and NR latex. The morphology of the nanocomposite prepared was
analyzed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Transmission
Electron Microscopy (TEM). FESEM analysis revealed the size and shape of the crystal and
their homogeneous dispersion in the composites. The crystallinity of the
nanocompositeswerestudied using XRD analysis which indicated an overall increase in
crystallinity with filler content. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites such as
stress-strain behaviour, tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at break were
measured according to ASTM standards. The tensile strength and modulus of the
composites were found to improve tremendously with increasing nanocrystal content. This
dramatic increase observed can be attributed to the formation of starch nanocrystal network.
This network immobilizes the polymer chains leading to an increase in the modulus and
other mechanical properties.



P 049 Electrical Transport and Optical Properties of -MnO
2

Nanorods

Reenu Elizabeth John, Anoop Chandran, Marykutty Thomas, Jiji Koshy, Gijo Jose,
Ajay Jose, Manuja M and George K C*
Department of Physics, St. Berchmans College, Changanassery, Kerala, 686101, India
Email: reenu.tiju@gmail.com, drkcgeorge@gmail.com*

Manganese dioxide (MnO
2
)-based materials has various applications ranging from
catalysts and batteries to energy efficient devices and carbon storage applications.
1

Therefore, studies on the optical and transport properties of MnO
2
nanostructures, which can
give vital information about the crystal structure, charge carrier mobility and band structure
of the material, are of great importance. In this work, -MnO
2
nanorods are synthesized
using a novel low temperature chemical method. The XRD pattern confirms the formation of
cryptomelane MnO
2
with average crystallite size 13 nm. The Williamson-Hall plot is
employed to calculate the lattice strain and the actual crystallite size. The HR-TEM studies
have revealed that nanorods have a radius of 14 nm and length of 377 nm. The EDS
spectrum has affirmed the presence of Mn, O and K in cryptomelane MnO
2
. UV-Vis
reflectance studies have shown that there is an abnormal enhancement in the bandgap energy
(E
g
) (3.1 eV) compared to the previously reported values (1.6 - 2.6 eV).
1-2
An explanation to
this enhancement in E
g
is given.

The dc electrical transport in MnO
2
nanorods is studied and found to deviate from the values
predicted by variable range hopping model (VRH). It is found that the electrical conductivity
arises due to thermal activation of charge carriers and obeys the Arrhenius law at high
temperatures.


103



Figure 1. HR-TEM Image of MnO2 nanorods prepared via chemical route.

References
1) Cockayne, E.; Li, L., Chem. Phys. Lett., 2012, 544, 5358.
2) Toufiq, A. M.; Wang, F.; Javed, Q.; Li, Q.; Li, Y., Appl. Phys. A, 2013 (published
online).



P 050 Effect of Nano Aluminum Titanate on the Electrical
Properties of Corn Starch-NH
4
SCN Polymer Electrolytes

S.Abarna
1,2
, A.Vidhya
1
, S.Jeya
1
, S.Karthigaimala
1
, B.Sundareasan
1
, G.Hirankumar*
2
1
Department of PG physics, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, 626
124, India
2
Center for Scientific and Applied Research, PSNCET, Mela Thediyeer, 627 152, India
Email
:
g.hirankumar@psnresearch.ac.in,
2
abarphysics@gmail.com

Biodegradable polymer nanocomposites were prepared using Corn starch, NH
4
SCN
and Aluminum titanate with different (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 wt %) filler concentration by solution
casting technique. Ionic conductivity of prepared samples was measured by Ac impedance
spectroscopy in the frequency range 40Hz-1MHz at ambient temperature. Upon the addition
of nano-sized Al
2
TiO
5
, the conductivity at room temperature is increased (shown in figure
1). The optimum ionic conductivity value obtained was 2.191 x 10
-2
S cm
-1
for 4 wt% of
Al
2
TiO
5
dispersed in polymer electrolyte. This may be attributed to the interaction of filler
particles with ether oxygen of Corn starch matrix and with SCN
-1
anions
1
. Dielectric
behavior was analyzed using dielectric constant and dielectric moduli of the samples. The
complexation between the corn starch and Corn starch- NH
4
SCN complex are proven based
on the presence of the new peaks and shift in peaks observed in Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy.

104


Figure 1 Cole-Cole plot of complex impedance of Corn starch- NH
4
SCN and its complexes.

References:
1) Awalendra. K Thakur; Hashmi S.A, Solid State Ionics 2010, 181, 1270-1278



P 051 Biosynthesis of ZnO Nanoparticle Using Water Hyacinth
Root Extract and its Antimicrobial Activity

S.Begila David*
Assistant Professor in Chemistry, Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil
E mail: begila@rediffmail.com

Development of reliable and eco-friendly process for the synthesis of metallic
nanoparticles is an important step in the field of application of nanotechnology. Traditionally
nanoparticles were produced only by physical and chemical methods. Often, chemical
synthesis method leads to presence of some of the toxic chemical absorbed on the surface
that may have adverse effect in the medical applications. Biological methods of synthesis
have thus paved way for greener synthesis of nanoparticles and these have proven to be
better methods due to slower kinetics. Green synthesis provides advancement over chemical
and physical method as it is cost effective, environment friendly, easily scaled up for large
scale synthesis. Present study consists of a simple and eco-friendly biosynthesis of zinc
oxide nanoparticles using the root extract of water hyacinth. Aqueous zinc ions when
exposed to root extract were reduced and results in zinc oxide nanoparticles.
Characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles were done using UV-visible spectroscopy,
Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD),
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Antimicrobial activity of the metal oxide were also
studied.

Key words : Nanoparticles, Root extract, Green synthesis

105

P 052 Understanding Photoluminescence in Nanosheets
Comprising Chemically Modified Boron honeycomb lattice

Saroj Kumar Das and Kabeer Jasuja*
Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad-382424,
INDIA
Email: sarojkumar.das@iitgn.ac.in

The extraordinary properties exhibited by the single atom thick graphene has led to a
rising interest in nanomaterials isostructural to graphene.
1
Several inorganic analogs of
graphene, such as nanosheets of MoS
2
, BN, WS
2
, and Ti
3
AlC
2
have been successfully
exfoliated from their parent structures. These quasi-planar nanostructures present rich
opportunities for several theoretical and applied studies.
2

Recent studies have indicated the potential candidacy of boron to form such quasi-planar
nanostructures. Inspired by the prospects offered by boron, we have recently developed a
chemical strategy to exfoliate borides resulting in an aqueous colloid of nanosheets
comprising boron honeycomb lattice modified with hydroxyl functional groups. In the
process of characterizing the physico-chemical properties, we discovered that these
nanosheets exhibit an excitation wavelength dependent photoluminescence with emission
maxima at 358 nm and 411 nm. This talk will present an overview of our initial efforts to
understand the origin of as observed photoluminescence. We have inter-mapped the
fluorescence attributes with: the morphology of nanosheets, surface functional groups and
optical behavior. The work reported here forms a significant step to understand the behavior
of nanosheets comprising chemically modified boron honeycomb lattice and is expected to
open up several avenues for fundamental research in the near future.



Figure 1 Maps of fluorescence intensity as a function of excitation and
emission wavelengths for CMMB

nanosheets.


106


References
1. Nicolosi, V.; Chhowalla, M.; Kanatzidis, M. G.; Strano, M. S.; Coleman, J. N., Science
2013, 340, 6139.
2. Wang, Q. H.; Kalantar-Zadeh, K.; Kis, A.; Coleman, J. N.; Strano, M. S., Nature
nanotechnology 2012, 7 , 699-712.




P 053 Synthesis, Characterization and Magnetic Studies of Mn
12

based SMM

Shilpi Verma and Priti Singh*
Quantum Phenomena and Applications, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi - 110012
Email:v.shilpi.90@gmail.com

Single molecule magnets (SMMs) are metal-organic complexes that are considered as
promising candidate materials for future high density storage devices, quantum computing,
magnetic refrigeration and biodiagnostic applications due to their potential of behaving as
nanoscale magnets under certain temperature called blocking temperature.
1
The Mn
12

family,with general formula [Mn
12
O
12
(RCOO)
16
(H
2
O)
4
] (R = Me, Et, etc) are the most
widely studied SMMs till date.
We report the synthesis of another complex of Mn
12
family, Mn
12
-Stearate (R =
CH
3
(CH
2
)
16
) comprising of dodecanuclear manganese ions in mixed valence state
(Mn
IV
4
Mn
III
8
),
2
with high purity and better yield, prepared by ligand exchange reaction. The
designed SMM has been studied using varius techniques like X-Ray Diffraction (XRD),
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Raman
Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis
(TGA) and CHN analysis. XRD and TEM measurements indicate the formation of
crystalline material. The magnetic properties and relaxation dynamics of Mn
12
-Stearate has
been studied using SQUID magnetometer. Magnetic measurements revealed ferromagnetic
behavior below 3.0 K evident from the non-zero coercive field in the hysteresis loop
exhibited by the complex below 3.0 K, with a transition to superparamagnetic behavior
above 3.0 K. The complex also exhibits significant magnetic anisotropy and quantum
tunneling of magnetization (QTM).

References
1) Bagai R. and Christou G. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2009, 38, 1011-1026.
2) Park C.-D. and Jung D.-Y. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 2001, Vol. 22, No. 6.




107

P 054 Organic Nanoparticles Composed of Frchet-type Dendrons:
Synthesis, Characterization, Self-assembly and Reversible Guest
Encapsulation

Sreedevi Krishnakumar, Karical R. Gopidas*
Chemical Science and Technology Division, NIIST, Trivandrum, Kerala, Pin-695019, India
E-mail : sdnk000@gmail.com

Novel organic nanoparticles composed of Frchet-type dendrons have been
synthesized by a simple one-pot reaction, which involved etching off the gold core in
a first generation gold nanoparticle-cored dendrimer (AuG
1
).
1
Dissolution of the Au
core leads to generation of large numbers of dendron radicals in a small volume,
which underwent very fast coupling and addition reactions to form the Frchet-type
dendron nanoparticles (FDNs). The FDNs were found to be nearly monodisperse
with an average size of 3 nm. NMR, TEM and MALDI-TOF analysis suggested that
the FDNs are extremely dense organic structures made up of Frchet-type dendrons.
Although the FDNs do not contain any self-assembling motifs such as hydrogen
bonding moieties, they exhibited time and concentration dependent morphological
transformations, leading to formation of larger spherical aggregates and fibrous
networks. The morphological transformations were probed using TEM, AFM and
DLS studies. The self-assembly was found to be reversible. The morphological
transformation of FDNs was exploited for encapsulation and on-demand release of
guest molecules.
2


Scheme 1. Organic nanoparticles for reversible guest encapsulation.



References
1) Kumar, V. K. R.; Gopidas, K. R. Chem. Asian J. 2010, 5, 887-896.
2) Krishnakumar, S.; Gopidas, K. R. J. Mater. Chem. B 2014 (just accepted).




108

P 055 Synthesis and Characterisation of Nanocellulose from
Arecanut Fibres by Tempo-Oxidation and its Modification for Self
Assembly

Sumesh Soman, Surya B. S., Prasad V. S.
*
Functional Materials, Material Science And Technology Division, National Institute For
Interdisciplinary Science And Technology (CSIR), Thiruvananthapuram 695019


Nanomaterials are of recent interest due to its high specific strength or material
properties. This has got wide applications as a biocompatible material for biomedical
applications in drug delivery or as blood vessel grafts or scaffolds for tissue engineering. The
advanced applications as bionanocomposite as environment friendly material is of recent
interest. In the present work the synthesis and characterisation of nanocellulose from
arecanutfibres by TEMPO mediated oxidation was studied at various conditions. The effect
of chemical modification by long chain aliphatic cis-unsaturated molecule, oleyl amine and
by O-Xyloglucan, a branched sugar moiety on self assembly characteristics of the
nanocellulose were also studied. TEMPO mediated oxidation showed a distinct effect on
pH.Nanocellulose fibrils of 20-40nm diameter and length of a few micrometers were
obtained in good yield at a pH of 10. Transparent nanogels with pH dependent property
changes were also obtained by this method. The selective modification of nanocellulose with
long chain aliphatic moiety with cis-unsaturation as well as with oxidisedxyloglucan showed
self assembly in THF at a concentration of 2.5mg ml
-1
forming uniform hard spheres of
50nm diameters. The results indicated that the nanocellulose gel obtained may find
applications as pH dependent biosensors. Additionally by fine-tuning the
hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance, tailor made assembly of modified nanocellulose in
nanodimensions can be materialized to obtain various architectures which may find
prospects for possible applications as advanced functional materials in biomedical field.



P 056 Effect of pH on the Structrual and Optical properties of
SnO
2
Nanoparticles

V.Shally, M.Priya Dharshini, Sr.Gerardin Jayam*
Research Department of Physics, Holy Cross College, Nagercoil 629004, Tamil Nadu,
India
Email: shallyregin05@gmail.com

Tin oxide (SnO
2
) is an n-type wide band semiconductor (E
g
= 3.6eV at 300 K) and
commonly used as an important functional material for optoelectronic devices, transparent
conductive electrodes, solar cells, catalyst support and gas sensor.
1-5
Tin oxide (SnO
2
)
nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitation method for different pH (7-12) values.

109

Structural, optical and surface morphologies of the SnO
2
nanoparticles were characterized.
The XRD analysis showed tetragonal SnO
2.
As the pH value increases, the average grain size
increases and the dislocation density decreases. The average grain size calculated from
Scherer formula computes well with WH plot. UV studies reveal that the band gap decreases
as the size increases. It is found that ammonia plays an important role in the particle size
effect of nanocrystalline SnO
2.
When the pH value changes from 7 to 12, the average grain
size increases from 11 nm to 28 nm.



Figure 1. FESEM image of SnO
2
nanoparticles of pH 8 with a magnification at 400nm.

References
1) Wang, D.; Wen,S.; Chen,J.; Zhang.S.; Li F. Phys. Rev., 2004, 70, 165314.
2) Miao.,H; Ding, C.; Luo, H. Microelectron. Eng. 2003, 66, 142-146.
3) Ki Young Kim; Seung Bin Park. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2004, 86, 210221.
4) Niranjan, R.S., Mulla, I.S. Materials and Engineering B, 2003, 103, 103-107.
5) Huaming Yang; Xiaolan Song; Xiangchao Zhang; Weiqin Ao; Guanzhou Qiu;
Materials Letters, 2003, 57, 31243127.



P 057 Synthesis and Characterization of Casein-G-Poly (Ethyl
Methacrylate) Nanoparticles

A. Sophia Sharone, A.Malar Retna*
Department of Chemistry and Research Centre,
Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil-629003, Tamilnadu, India.
Email: sophia.sharone@gmail.com

A well-defined core-shell structure of Casein-g-Poly (ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA)
nanoparticles having 3.4nm size range was prepared through direct graft copolymerization

110

using benzoyl peroxide as catalyst at a temperature range of 80C.
1
Due to the presence of
casein micelles, the emulsion polymerization of the monomer as well as particles stability
were obtained.
2
The solvent chloroform was used to separate the graft copolymer and the
homopolymer. After separation the graft copolymer emulsion was spreaded over a glass
plate and dried in air to form a sheet. Characterization of the casein-g-PEMA nanoparticles
were done by using FTIR, TG-DTA and X-Ray diffraction studies. From the SEM analysis,
it was shown that the PEMA cores were coated with casein shell and thus confirmed the
well-defined core-shell morphology of casein-g-PEMA nanoparticles. The grafting and
conversion efficiencies were also determined.



Scheme 1.Formation of Casein-g-PEMA.


References
1) Mohan D., Ganga Radhakrishnan & Rajadurai S., J. Appl. polym. sci, 1990, 39,7, 1507-
1518
2) Mohan D., Ganga Radhakrishnan & Rajadurai S., J. Macro.sci :Part A:Chemistry, 1985,
22, 1-7



P 058 Synthesis of Ambient Curing, Strain Tolerant Epoxy
Adhesive

Anitha S., Ranajit Pal
*
, Suchithra C.
#
, and Suraj S.
Polymers and Special Chemicals Division
#
Analytical and Spectroscopic Division.
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram
Kerala-695022
Email: anitha26502@gmail.com

Epoxy adhesives are widely used in aerospace application because of its versatile
properties such as ease of handling, good mechanical strength, high thermal stability, and
ability to form strong bonds with wide varieties of substrates. Epoxy adhesives can be

111

tailored to meet the requirement by suitably modifying the structure either in epoxy or in
curative. Conventional ambient curing Diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol-A (DGEBA) based
epoxy adhesives possess good tensile strength and low elongation characteristics. In
aerospace application, especially in pressurized structural bonding, adhesive system curing at
ambient conditions with moderate elongation is always preferred.
In the present paper a structural modification was brought in the curative part
resulting in a thermoset polymer of the desired features as listed above. The curative part
was modified with hydrogenated dimer acid inorder to impart strain tolerant capacity.
Varying levels of modification was carried out in the curative part (10% to 30%). The dimer
acid was incorporated in the curative backbone resulting in an amide formation which was
confirmed by FTIR. Epoxy resin part was modified to achieve the desired rheological
characteristics by blending liquid and solid epoxy resin in the weight ratio of 95:5 followed
by TDI addition. In order to enhance the mechanical properties, particulate silica filler was
blended to the composition. Formulations were made as per the stoichiometric ratio of epoxy
and amine and cured at ambient condition. The thermoset compound was evaluated for
mechanical and adhesive properties. In order to measure elongation precisely extensiometer
facility was utilized. It was found that the level of dimer acid modification has a significant
influence on the strain tolerant capacity of the cured polymer.

References
1) Meath A. R.; (1990). Epoxy Resin Adhesives. Chapter 19 in Hand Book of Adhesives.3
rd

edition. Newyork. pp: 350.
2) Krzysztof, S. Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 2007, 27, 92 101.
3) Possart, G.; Presser, M.; Passlack, S.; Geib, P. L.; Kopnarski, M.; Brodyanski, A.;
Steinmann, P. Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 2009, 29, 478 487.
4) Fuxiang, C.; Timothy, F. M. K.; Jiang, Y.; Shidu, L. Polymer, 1997, 38, 61576165.



P 059 A Facile Method for Synthesis of Polystyrene-Clay
Nanocomposites with Self-Assembling Properties Using Adduct
Modified Clay

AnnuRaju*, Lakshmi V, Asha Susan Chacko, T.P.D. Rajan ,C.Pavithran and
V.S Prasad
CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology,
Thiruvananthapuram-695019, Kerala, India
Email: annukaramayil@gmail.com

Self-assembly of silicate layers to form vesicles by changing clay loading has
become an important part of research due to enormous advantage of using nanoclay in
polymer matrix, as compared to the convectional fillers
1
. Vesicles have been receiving
intense research interest due to their potential applications in drug encapsulation/delivery

112

system
2-4
, dyes and inks, catalysis, as microcontainers, or reactors and sensors.Various
methods adopted for the synthesis of polymer, inorganic and organic-inorganic hybrid
vesicles includes solvent-assisted self-assembly of amphiphilic polymers, rodcoil diblock
polymers, dendrimers, and foldamers and sacrificial template method. As compared to
polymer vesicles, an inorganic and organic-inorganic hybrid vesicle shows superior strength.
Herein, the morphology and self-assembling properties of a series of polystyrene clay
nanocomposites (PSC) are investigated via in situ intercalative polymerization by a typical
free radical polymerization using Adduct modified montmorillonite (MMT) clay. Adducts
are synthesised by reacting quaternary ammonium salt (CTAB) with Acrylic acid (AA). The
resulting reactive cations are used toorgano-modify the MMT clay. PSC as synthesized are
used for studying solvent assisted self-assembling property in THF. Microvesicles of average
diameter 2.5-3.5m were produced from solution concentration of 2.5 mgml
-1
and micro
porous uniform films at 20 mg ml
-1
. Microvesicles and micro porous film of uniform size are
obtained using different adduct modified clay loading and different adduct ratio from
polystyrene-clay nanocomposite particles. Self-assembling studies are characterized using
Optical microscope (OM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron
microscopy (TEM).The Guest-encapsulation of PSC were gained by encapsulating with
fluorescent dyes and oil by fluorescent microscope. PSC are characterized using FTIR,
WAXS, TGA, DSC and MALDI TOF mass spectrometer









(a) (b)
Figure 1. SEM Micrograph of self assembled PCN (b) TEM Image with Fluorescence
micrograph shown inset


References
1) Bindu P Nair; Pavithran, C; Sudha, J. D; Prasad, V. S, Langmuir, 2010, 26, 1431.
2) Tanner, P.; Baumann, P.; Enea, R.; Onaca, O.; Palivan, C.; Meier,W. Acc. Chem. Res.
2011, 44, 10391049.
3) Bellorno, E. G.; Wyrsta, M. D.; Pakstis, L.; Pochan, D. J; Derning, T. J. Nat. Mater. 2004,
3, 244248.
4) Kenneth C. Cole.; Macromolecules 2008, 41, 834-843



113

P 060 Effect of Fatty Acids on Mechanical & Anti-Corrosive
Properties of Water Based Epoxy Ester Coatings

AshishPratap Singh, C.Suryanarayana, R.BalojiNaik, S.K.Singh and
G.Gunasekaran*
Naval Materials Research Laboratory,Shil-Badlapur Road, P.O.- Anandnagar,
Ambernath 421506, India
E mail: ashishkaushic@gmail.com

Organic coatings are being used in a number of applications, contributing to
protection of surfaces against corrosion. The recent trend in the field of organic coatings is to
develop coatings with low levels volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to control
environmental pollution.
1-2
The objective of this paper is to synthesis high performance water
soluble epoxy ester resin and its characterization for coating application. Initially, one end of
Bis-phenol A based epoxy resin was reacted with different fatty acids like Linseed oil fatty
acid, Tung oil fatty acid and Dehydrated Castrol oil fatty acid to make epoxy ester resin. The
other end of the epoxy ester was reacted with Di-ethanol amine to make amine
functionalized epoxy ester. These resins were characterized by various techniques such as
FTIR, NMR, DSC and TGA. These Amine functionalized epoxy esters were neutralized with
different acids such as phosphoric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid and hydrochloric acid
separately to make it water soluble. These water soluble epoxy ester was applied on mild
steel panel (150 mm x 100 mm x 1.5mm ) and the performance of these coatings were
evaluated by different technique such as adhesion, tensile, scratch hardness, bend test and
impact test. Corrosion resistance properties were evaluated by salt spray and seawater
immersion. It was observed that the epoxy ester with tung oil fatty acid neutralized with
phosphoric acid showed enhancement in mechanical and anticorrosive properties compare to
rest.

References
1) Chia-Wei Chang, Kun-Tsung Lu, Prog.Org.Coat.,2013,76 1024-1031
2) DonduIseri- Caglar, EmreBasturk, BurcuOktay, Prog.Org.Coat.,2014, 77 81-86









114

P 061 Finite Element Analysis of Carbon Nano tube Reinforced
Composite with Modified Beam Model

Brahmadathan V B, Remesh S*
Govt. Engineering college, Bartonhill,Trivandrum
Email: brahmadathanvb@gmail.com

The main objective of this study is to analyze the carbon nano tube composite with
modified beam model. A Three Dimensional model of the carbon nanotube composite with
circular cross-section and elliptical beam model for C-C bond is modeled in Ansys, and it
consisting of carbon nanotube, interphase region, polymer matrix. The model is subjected to
tensile load in axial direction find out the young's modulus of the composite, and the results
of different beam model is compared. Tensile behavior of embedded carbon nanotube in
polymer matrix is studied in the presence of vdW interactions in interphase region. A 3D
nite element model of carbon nanotube, interphase and its surrounding polymer is
constructed on the basis of the multi-scale modeling approach. Carbon nanotube and
interphase region are modeled at a nano-scale while surrounding resin is treated at a micro
scale. Two different RVEs consisting of circular cross-sectional beam model and elliptical
cross-sectional beam model of long are studied and the results are compared. Constructed
models are subjected to tensile loading using non-linear FEM for the two cases of long
CNTs. The obtained results show a non-linear behavior due to non-linear behavior of the
vdW interactions.





Figure 1. FEM Model simulated for uniform deformation


References
1) Mahmood M. Shokrieh, Roham rafiee:. Composite Structures, 2010, 92,647-652
2) Xiang Lu, Zhong Hu: Mechanical property evaluation of single -walled carbon nanotube
by finite element modeling

115

P 062 Ion Conduction Mechanism In Nano Composite Proton
Conducting Polymer Electrolyte

C. Ambika

, G. Hirankumar
*
C-SAR, School of Basic Engineering and Sciences, PSN College of Engineering and
Technology, Melathediyoor, Tirunelveli.
Email: vellaambikai@psnresearch.ac.in

Proton conducting solid polymer electrolyte comprising of PMMA(poly methyl
methacrylate)/PVP(poly vinyl pyrolidone) with MSA(methanesulfonic acid) and also the
nano composite solid polymer electrolyte by incorporating nano-sized Al
2
O
3
at different
ratios are prepared by solution casting technique. The variation of ionic conductivity with
increase of filler concentration is studied by ac impedance spectroscopy. The prepared
samples are PMMA/PVP/MSA/x mol% Al
2
O
3
(x=0,1,2,3,4) and their conductivity values
are 2.51x10
-5
S/cm, 5.79x10
-6
S/cm, 1.05x10
-5
S/cm, 1.9x10
-7
S/cm and 2.5x10
-6
S/cm
respectively which is obtained from cole-cole plot at ambient temperature. The power law
exponent n in universal power law is calculated from the conductance plot for the prepared
polymer electrolytes. High frequency dispersion of conductivity is absent for 0mol% Al
2
O
3.
The n value is greater than 1 for Al
2
O
3
doped composites except 4mol% of Al
2
O
3
. From the
dielectric (figure 1) study, the relaxation time are calculated for all the samples at 303K.
Modulus is also studied.



Figure 1: Variation of Tan (/) with frequency






116

P 063 Conceptual Design of Collapsible Membrane Tank
Denny C D, Bindu Kumar K, R Manuel Sathya*
LPSC,Valiyamala,Trivandrum
Email: dennycdavis@gmail.com

In this project conceptual design of collapsible membrane tank is developed for aero
space application. The new polymer membrane materials like Kapton has got superior
properties such that they can be used for purposes where only metal could have been used
now exists. Thus membrane Tanks are proposed to improve structural weight ratio for launch
vehicles. A membrane tank of Kapton is designed which can be used for propellant as well
as water storage. The basic tank configuration is chosen and dimensions of the tank
components are determined. Axisymmetric analyses of four membrane tank configurations
are carried out as a preliminary design step. The tank shell thickness values for each
configuration corresponding to 10%, 15% and 20% elongation are found out. Mass of each
model is determined and a tank configuration of minimum mass is chosen for further stress
analysis studies. Then modeled the tank with Al and Ti alloys for the same volume copacity
and mass coparison has been done. It is concluded that Membrane Tank is a good solution
for improving the weight thrust ratio of reusable launch vehicles.



Figure 1. Deformed and undeformed Axi-symmetric configuration of Membrane tank.





117

References
1) Komatsu,K.,Sano,M.,Kimura,J., and Ohyagi,T. : Concept Study of Membrane
Tanks for Launch Vehicle, AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC, 41st Structures,
Structural Dynamics, and Material Conf., Atlanta, 2000
2) Design of a ollapsible iqui Oxygen toage Vessel Fo Mas, Fleming el at , AIAA
-2000- 1572



P064 Synthesis and Charecterisation of Some Polyols Based on
Cashew Nut Shell Liquid

Y.Jasmala Joy , A.Malar Retna*
Department of Chemistry, Scott Christian College, Nagercoil -629003, Tamilnadu. India.
Email: jasmalajoy@gmail.com

Vegetable oils are one of the cheapest and most abundant biological renewable
sources. Among the renewable sources cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), an agricultural
resource material obtained as a byproduct from the cashew industry is unique. CNSL
contains a natural phenolic distillate, cardanol[1]. Vegetable oil based polyols have been
widely used to produce segmented and non segmented polyurethanes.[2] They are unique
class of polymers that have a wide range of applications because their properties can be
readily tailored by the variations of their components. In recent years there is a significant
rise in usage of polyols in the manufacture of polyurethanes because of the high price of
petrochemicals and also to be eco friendly .Cardanol a meta substituted phenol is a
renewable organic source .In the present study polyols are obtained from cardanol -furfural
resole resin .It can be synthesized by the condensation of cardanol with furfural in the
presence of phthalic acid catalyst in different mole ratios. The resulting methylolated
cardanol -furfural has been epoxidised followed by hydrolysis leads to the formation of
polyol. The physico - chemical characteristics and the spectral properties of the synthesized
cardanol - furfural resin and polyol has been studied and will be discussed in detail.

References
1) Riya Srivastava and Deepak Srivastava., ,Inter.J.Che.Tech.Res.,2013,5(5),2575-2581
2) S.Gopalakrishnan and T.Linda Fernandao., Der.Chem.Sin.,2011.2(5),54-64.






118

P 065 pH-Sensitive Biodegradable and Biocompatible
Polymersomes for the Intracellular Release of 5-Fluoro Uracil

Jeena Abraham
1
, Beena Mathew*
School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam-686 560, Kerala
Email:jeenaabraham23@gmail.com,

Self-assembled systems from biodegradable amphiphilic polymers at the nanometer
scale as a new class of the polymer-based carriers and polymersomes (Ps) has attracted with
rapidly growing interest. In particular, biodegradable and pH sensitive block copolymers can
be used for preparation of Ps, which are of great interest for such applications
1
.
pH-triggered and biodegradable polymersomes based on poly(ethylene glycol)-b-
poly(-caprolactone)-grafted poly(-amino ester) (PAE-g-PCL-PEG) were prepared without
the use of organic solvents to minimize the biological problems and investigated for an
efficient drug-delivery system. The synthesized copolymer showed biodegradability and low
cytotoxicity. The size and morphology were determined by transmission electron microscopy
(TEM). The study on in vitro release of 5-fluoro uracil loaded polymersomes showed that
this pH-dependant transition triggered the release of encapsulated cytarabine in a weakly
acidic environment. Based on the biocompatible characteristics and release of drugs in acidic
condition, it would be a useful drug carrier for cancer therapy. The choice of block
copolymers-the building blocks of a polymersome introduce features like biocompatibility,
inherent or induced permeability and triggered release.

References
1) Jain J P, Ayen W Y, and Kumar N ., Current PharmaceuticalDesign ,2011, 17,
65-79



P 066 Covalent Polymer Functionalisation of Graphene oxide

Jinu Joji
1
, Raneesh Konnola
2
, Kuruvilla Joseph
2
*
1
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-BHOPAL,
Madhya Pradesh-462 066, India

2
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology,
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala- 695 547, India
Email: jinujoji@iiserb.ac.in

Graphene oxide (GO) contains a range of reactive oxygen functional groups, which
renders it a good candidate for chemical functionalizations
1
. In addition to small molecules,
polymers have also been attached to the surface of graphene oxide. These attachments are
typically made by either grafting-onto or grafting-from approaches. In this work, we

119

modified GO using carboxyl terminated poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) rubber (CTBN),
polyethyleneimine and poly(phenylenesulfone). These modified fillers can be used for
improving the mechanical and toughness properties of epoxy system. CTBN is a well known
synthetic rubber which is used for toughening epoxy matrix. The attachment of CTBN to GO
is expected to increase both mechanical strength and toughness of the system. Modification
of GO poly(ethyleneimine) results in a decoration of amino groups on the surface of GO that
can react with the epoxy matrix and hence a better compatability of filler with the matrix is
expected. Modification of GO with poly(phenylenesulfone) gives a soft polymer coating on
GO which is expected to improve the interfacial interaction between filler and matrix
Modification of GO is characterized by using FTIR, Raman spectroscopy,TGA, XRD and
TEM.

References
1) Y Guo, Y.;Song, L.; Kan Y.; Qian X.; and Hu Y.; J. Mater. Chem., 2011, 21, 13290
13298.



P 067 Epoxy Alumina Particulate Composites - Effect of Particle
Size and Fillers Dispersing Additives on Thermal, Mechanical and
Interface Properties

Leena K.*, Sibin C. S., Chitra A.
#
, Suchitra C.
#
Suraj S.
Polymers and Special Chemicals Division
#
Analytical and Spectroscopy Division
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram-695022
Tel: 0471-2564655
Email: leenakarthi@yahoo.co.in

Epoxy resins, the largest segments of addition cured thermosetting polymers find
applications as matrix resins for structural composites and adhesives due to their outstanding
mechanical properties, adhesion, good handling characteristics etc. Chemical and processing
flexibilities make epoxies useful in an array of applications including protective coatings,
paints, adhesives, electronics, tooling and composites. The present study is focused on the
effect of particle size and a dispersing additive on the mechanical, thermal and adhesion
characteristics of epoxy alumina particulate composites. Alumina filler was mechanically
milled using planetary ball milling technique for durations of 0,5, 10 and 20 hours. Virgin
and the ball milled alumina fillers were analyzed for its surface area, particle size and X-ray
diffraction patterns. It was observed that the planetary ball milling technique reduced the
particle size into nano range, increased the surface area and resulted in amorphisation of the
filler. Dispersing additives were also employed to see its effect on the final properties of the
system. Composites processed with and without dispersing additives were characterized for
thermal conductivity, interface properties such as lap shear strength on aluminium interfaces

120

and peel strength on aluminium / rubber interfaces. Fracture toughness of the composites
was evaluated and the fractured surfaces were analyzed for fracture morphology by SEM.
Fracture toughness decreased with decrease in particle size of the filler and showed higher
values for the systems containing filler dispersing additives. The tensile lap shear strength
and peel strength increased with reduced particle size and the extend of increment is higher
for the system containing dispersing additives. Thermal conductivity of the alumina filled
composites reduced with reduction in particle size for system processed with and without
dispersing additives.

References
5) Laura, M. M. G.; Richard, S. P.;Saskia, H. K.; John,L. S.; Daniel, A. F.; Joseph, L. L.
Polymer, 2008, 49, 999 1014.
6) Suraj, C.; Zunjarrao; Raman, P. S.Comp. Sci. Technol.2006, 66, 22962305.



P 068 Spectral, Thermal, and Photoreactivity Studies on Epoxy
Resin Containing Benzylidene Units in the Main Chain

M.Natarajan, PS. Balakrishnan and SC. Murugavel *
Department of Chemistry, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641 004,
India.
Email: psgmvel@yahoo.co.in

A photosensitive epoxy resin was synthesized from bis(4-hydroxy -3-methoxy
benzylidene) acetone and epichlorohydrin using solution polycondensation method. The
prepared epoxy resin was characterized by UV, IR,
1
H NMR, and
13
C NMR spectroscopy.
The thermal stability of the epoxy resin was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis. The
glass transition temperature of the polymer was determined by differential scanning
calorimetry. The photocrosslinking property and photo polymerizing ability of the epoxy
resin were studied in film and solution state using UV spectroscopy. The effect of photo acid
generator and sensitizer on photosensitivity of the resin was also investigated.







Figure 1: BHMBA based Epoxy resin

References
1). Lee, M. C.; Ho, T. H.; Wang, C. S. J Appl Polym Sci., 1996, 62, 217 225.

121

2). Balaji, R.; Grande, D.; Najundan, S. React Funct Polym., 2003, 56, 45 - 57.
3). Murugavel, S. C.; Kaliyappan, T.; Swaminathan, C. S.; Kannan, P. J Appl Polym Sci.,
1997, 65, 2151 - 2157.



P 069 Influence of Graphene on Polychloroprene Rubber
Nanocomposites

Maya M.G*, Soney C. George*, Sabu Thomas
#

*Centre for Nano Science and Technology, Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, Kottayam

#
Centre for Nano Science and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Science, M G
University, Kottayam
Email: mayamayooram@gmail.com

A new class of elastomeric nanocomposite was prepared by introducing Graphene in
Chloroprene rubber matrix. Graphene synthesised from natural graphite, through GO route
via Hummers method. Chloroprene rubber is well known for its high gum vulcanizate
strength arising from strain induced crystallization. It has excellent physical properties,
weather resistance, heat resistance and low temperature properties. The purpose of this work
is to investigate the influence of graphene and its effects on the mechanical, thermal and
conductive properties of Chloroprene rubber vulcanizates. However, to the best of our
knowledge the influence of Graphene on Polychloroprene rubber has not been reported yet.
1

XRD of the composite showed that the exfoliated graphene was homogeneously
dispersed in the Chloroprene matrix as evidenced by the lack of characteristic reflection in
the nano composites. SEM images of the fracture surfaces of Chloroprene vulcanizates
exhibit graphene have better compatibility with the rubber matrix. Introduction of graphene
improves the overall properties of the composites and therefore mechanical and thermal
properties of the resulting vulcanizates were investigated. The mechanical properties show
that the presence of a small amount of graphene enhances the properties of CR vulcanizates.
TEM images of the composites show a good exfoliation which is agreed with XRD results.



Figure 1. SEM image of 1.5phr graphene loaded Chloroprene vulcanizates

122


References
1) Kishore Kumar Sadasivuni, Deepalekshmi Ponnamaama, Sabu Thomas,Yves
Grohens. J Progrss in Polym Sci 2013



P 070 Polyaniline-Reduced Graphene oxide/ Polystyrene
Nanocomposite as EMI Shielding Material

Mehatab Nabi S., Hemanth Gupta T., Remyamol T., Honey John*
Department of Chemistry, IIST, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695547, India
mehatab.s@hotmail.com

The use of electronics and modern instruments in space research and aviation sectors
has caused a new kind of phenomenon called as electromagnetic interference (EMI). This is
caused by the interference effects induced by electric and magnetic fields, originating from
wide range of electrical equipments and also the natural sources of EM radiation like sun.
The interference in communication channels and process control may lead to loss of time,
energy, or even human life. So some kind of shielding mechanism must be provided to shield
the specific instrument from stray electromagnetic fields. Metals are the most common
materials used for EMI shielding for their high electrical conductivity, but they had
undesirable properties like high density, susceptibility to corrosion, complex processing.
Filler reinforced composites with high electrical conductivity and dielectric constant bring
profound development prospect to traditional metals for EMI shielding property. The EMI
shielding effectiveness of filler reinforced composites depends on many factors, including
fillers intrinsic conductivity, real part of permittivity and aspect ratio. The extraordinary
high conductivity, large surface area and high strength of graphene make it the most
promising filler for fabricating high-performance EMI shielding composites.
1
On the other
hand polyaniline, one of the wellknown conducting polymer has a moderate conductivity
combined with very light weight and reasonably facile processability.
2
Hence hybrids of
polyaniline with graphene would be a good choice as EMI shielding material. In this work,
polyaniline-reduced graphene oxide hybrids are synthesized by in situ polymerization of
aniline in the presence of synthesized graphite oxide followed by in situ hydrothermal
reduction of graphite oxide .The hybrids are charecterized and composites for EMI shielding
studies are fabricated in polystyrene matrix by micro compounding. The hybrid exhibited
better shielding effectiveness as compared to pristine polyaniline and reduced graphene
oxide.

Reference
1) Yan, D.X.; Ren, P.G.; Pang, H.; Fu, H.; Yang, M.B.; Li, Z.M. J. Mater. Chem.,2012, 22,
18772-18774
2) Chandrasekhar, P.; Naishadam, K.; Synt. Met., 1999, 105, 115-120.

123

P 071 Complexation of Metal Ions with Oxygen Containing
Copolmers - Kinetic, Isothermal and Thermodynamic Properties.

Mrudula M S and M R Gopinathan Nair*
School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala -686560,
INDIA Email:mrudulasasi@gmail.com

Chelating exchangers are suitable materials for the complexation of metal
ions.Chelating exchangers are , in general, coordinating copolymers containing one or more
electron donor atoms such as N, S, O, and P that can form coordinate bonds with metals.
NR/PEO block copolymers with oxygen donor atoms were synthesized by solution
polymerization of hydroxyl terminated Natural Rubber(NR) and Poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO).
The resin were characterized by swelling studies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphology and particle size is
obtained in nanometer range and was conformed using transmission electron microscopy
(TEM). The main purpose of this work was to determine the adsorption capacity of the
prepared resins towards metal ions fromwater at three different pH values.
The maximum adsorption capacity and desorption rate of the prepared copolymer for
metal ions wereinvestigated .The adsorption isotherms were also investigated. Here from the
linear regression coefficient it is found that Freundlich equation was best fit and the 1/n
value is approximately equal to 1 indicating linear adsorption leading to identical adsorption
energies for all sites. The adsorption capacity of block copolymer increases with metal ion
concentration.

Keywords: chelating exchanger; NR/PEO copolymer; adsorption




P 072 Synthesis of Polyurethane Composites based on Cardanol
and Coir Fibres

N. J. Sangeetha and A. Malar Retna*
Department of Chemistry, Scott Christian College(Autonomous), Nagercoil-629003,
Tamilnadu, India
E-mail: sangeeakil@gmail.com

The development of novel polyurethane composites from cardanol, a renewable
resource obtained as a byproduct of the cashew industries and reinforced with coir fibres.
1

Cardanol based resole type phenolic resin has been synthesised by condensing cardanol with
formaldehyde in a particular mole ratio using malonic acid as catalyst. The resulting resin

124

has been subjected to epoxidation followed by hydrolysis to give the hydroxyalkylated
derivative (synthesised polyol).
2
The synthesized polyol has been condensed with 4,4-
methylene bis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) to produce rigid polyurethane composites and
incorporating 10% coir fibre. Tough polyurethane composites have been produced by
condensing resole resin / synthesised polyol with the commercially available polyol,
polyethylene glycol-4000(PEG-4000), 4,4-methylene bis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) and 10%
coir fibre. The physico-chemical characteristics of the synthesised resin and polyol and the
thermo-mechanical properties of polyurethane composites have been studied. These studies
revealed the high performance character of rigid polyurethane composites with respect to the
corresponding tough polyurethane composites.

References
1) Suresh1, K. I.; Krishanprasad2, V. S. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2005, 44, 4504-4512.
2) Gopalakrishnan1, S.; Fernando2, L. Res. J. Phar. Bio. Chem. Sci. 2010, 1, 252-261.



P 073 Therml and Mechanical Properties of Some Interpenetrating
Polymer Networks Synthesized from Vegetable Oils

N.T.Nevaditha*, S. Gopalakrishnan**, and C. V. Mythili ***
*Department of Chemistry. N.M.Christian College,Marthandam-629165,Ta mil Nadu, India.
**Department of Chemistry, N. I. University, Thuckalay-629175, Tamil Nadu, India.
***Department of Chemistry, Rani Anna Govt College for woman, Tirunelveli -627 008,
Tamil Nadu, India.
E-mail : nevadithaprakash@yahoo.in

Vegetable oils are recognized as being versatile renewable resources and can be
converted into fuels, polymers and more speciality products. Polymers produced from
vegetable oil and their derivatives have excellent hydrolytic stability and thermomechanical
properties due to the hydrophobic nature of their side chain. Interpenetrating polymer
networks (IPNs) constitute a rapidly developing branch of polymer blend technology which
may intimately combine the properties of two cross linked polymers in a network form. An
IPN structure is obtained when atleast one polymer network is synthesized and/or cross
linked in the immediate presence of the other. In the present work Interpenetrating polymer
networks have been synthesized by condensing polyurethane (PU) of castor oil (NCO/OH)
in the mole ratio 2.0 with diazotized-p-anisidinecardanol formaldehyde resin (DACF) in
three different compositions (25:75, 35:65 and 50:50) using ethylene glycol
dimethacrylate(EGDM) as cross linker and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator. The
interpenetrating polymer networks have been characterized by FT- IR spectroscopy. The
thermal behaviour of the IPNs has been studied by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and
Differential thermal analysis (DTA). The tensile strength and Shore-A hardness of the IPN
samples have also been studied. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Atomic force

125

microscope (AFM) analysis have been used to determine the surface topography and
roughness of the synthesized IPN samples.

Keywords: cardanol, polyurethane, castor oil, interpenetrating polymer net work, thermal
behaviour





P 074 Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Cellulose Based
Drug Delivery System for the Controlled Delivery of Aniti-Cancer
Drug

Nima J, Divya P.L, Anirudhan T.S*
Department of Chemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Kerala, 695581, India
Email: nima4652@gmail.com

Polysaccharide based hydrogels are widely used in the drug delivery vehicles which
exploit its biodegradability, hydrophilicity, biocompatibility and high chemical stability at
different pHs.
1
Cellulose (cell) is the most abundantly occuring polysaccharides and its
derivatives have been widely used in the pharmaceutical field. The primary inadequacy of
chemotherpeutic drugs is their relative non-specificity and potential side effects towards
healthy tissue. In this study a novel drug delivery system (DDS), namely,
glycidylmethacrylate-ethylenediamine grafted cellulose modified with poly(methacrylic
acid) and succinylcyclodextrin (cell-g-(GMA/en)-PMAA-SCD) was developed and
characterized by SEM, FTIR and XRD analyses. Cell-g-(GMA/en)-PMAA-SCD was used
for the delivery of an anticancer agent, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The optimum pH for the
encapsulation of 5-FU into cell-g-(GMA/en)-PMAA-SCD was examined. Drug release
studies were carried out at simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. The release rate was slow
at pH 7.4 but increased significantly at acidic pH 5.0. Equilibrium swelling studies were
conducted to evaluate the stimuli-response behaviour of the DDS and found that equilibrium

126

swelling was dependent on pH, contact time, temperature and ionic strength. Peppas model
was used to study the release mechanism and the results indicate a delayed, swelling
controlled, non Fickian mechanism for drug release. The results of this study demonstrated
that the Cell-g-(GMA/en)-PMAA-SCD could be an excellent biocompatible host for drug
reservoirs and delivery carriers in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.

References
1) Shukla, R. K.; Tiwari, A. Carbohydr. Polym.2012, 88, 399-416.



P 075 Novel Polypyrrole Coated Fe-Doped Titania Polymerised
with Itaconic Acid for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotics
from Waste Water

P.L.Divya, J. Nima, T. S. Anirudhan*
Department of Chemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Trivandrum-695 581, India
Email: divyasg5301@gmail.com

In the present work, a novel adsorbent-cum photocatalyst, itaconic acid polymerized
with polypyrrole coated Fe-doped titania, (p(IA)-Ppy-Fe/TiO
2
) was prepared for the
adsorption and degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) antibiotics which causes
serious environmental problem due to the vast and increasing use as human medicine and as
veterinary medicine for treatment and prevention of infectious diseases.
1
The polymerization
was done in presence of uv irradiation at 412 nm for 40 min. The material was well
characterized by means of SEM, XRD, FTIR and DRS techniques. The adsorption
experiments were conducted to investigate the optimum pH, adsorbent dose and effect of
ionic strength. In the present work, optimum pH was found to be 5.0, adsorbent dose was
2g/L and adsorption decreased with increase in ionic strength of the inorganic salt.
Photodegradation kinetics was tested using Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism for first-
order-kinetics. The photocatalyst was repeatedly used upto four cycles and the degradation
ability of the photocatalyst was also tested upto four cycles. The results indicated that the
adsorption and degradation decreases slightly after each cycle of repeated use. This study
indicates that the fabricated novel adsorbent-cum-photocatalyst, p(IA)-Ppy-Fe/TiO
2,
could be
a promising material for the adsorptive removal and degradation of TCH from effluents.

References
1) Lee, L. S.; Sassman, S. A. Environ. Sci.Technol. 2005, 39, 74527459.





127

P 076 Development of Composite Brake Pad For Automobiles by
Infiltration Casting

Rahul P.S., Ganesh M, T.P.D. Rajan*
NIIST,Papanacode,Trivandrum
Email: psrahul87@gmail.com

Brake plays a vital role in providing safety to automobiles by converting kinetic
energy into heat energy. While operating in severe braking conditions such as high load,
speed conditions brakes should posses wide range of mechanical, thermal and tribological
properties. A monolithic brake material is insufficient to maintain to these all properties at
high temperature. The objective of this thesis is to make an advantageous brake material,
which will be able to overcome the disadvantages of conventional brake pads.
Metal matrix composites with ceramic reinforcement possess excellent properties in
high temperature applications, in this thesis matrix contributed by Al-319 and reinforcement
is microsilica. From the literature, infiltration casting is best suited casting method to obtain
uniformly distributed particle reinforced composites. For that a die designed for making
preform. Ceramic preform prepared by mixing powders of aluminum, microsilica, and poly
ethylene glycol and subsequent uniaxial pressing. PEG acts as a binder in the preform and
which is a water soluble polymer. During sintering, PEG in the preform will burn out which
creates porosity.
Infiltration is a liquid state casting method; it is carried out by pressing molten Al-
319 into preheated ceramic preform. Total 15 samples casted for doing characterizations viz.
wear tests, thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, Scanning electron
microscopy, X-ray diffraction test, compression test.



Figure 1. Brake pad preform for infiltration casting





128

References
1) L.A. Dobrzaski *, M. Kremzer , A. Nagel Application of pressure infiltration to the
manufacturing of aluminium matrix composite materials with different reinforcement
shape. Volume24 Issue 2
2) H. Jang , K. Ko, S.J. Kim, R.H. Basch , J.W. Fash ,The effect of metal fibers on the
friction performance of automotive brake friction material Wear 2004, 256, 406414s



P 077 Quasi-static three point bending behaviour of aluminium
foam sandwich Beam

Darshal Kantilal Nahar
1
, Rajeev Chaturvedi*
1
, Siddhartha Jain*
2
, A.Sekar*
3

*ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore, 560017
Email: rajeevc@isac.gov.in

The use of light weight aluminium sandwich panels [1] in aerospace, shipping and
construction Industry represent attractive and interesting solution to the increasing
environmental demands. The aim of the paper is to present strength of aluminium composite
beam having Low density polyethylene (LDPE) as core and aluminium as face sheet. The
parameter which influences the strength of the ACP beam has been discussed in the paper. A
series of quasi static strength test [2] were performed on the specimen in three point bending
loads as per ASTMC393.Methodology for specimen preparation is been discussed in the
paper. Fig 1 shows the Experimental setup. Fig 2 shows the Load deflection characteristic of
sandwich beam. LVDT has been used to monitor the deflections .Finally test results were
correlated with the analytical formulation and Finite Element analysis (FEA) results.
Correlation shows a close match between the analytical, Test and FEA results.



Figure 1. UTM machine having 3 point bending setup with LVDT.


129



Figure 2. Load Deflection characteristic


References
1) D.Zenket, .An introduction to Sandwich Construction 1995: Chameleon Press ,
2) Howard G Allen, Analysis and design of structural sandwich panels; Pergamon Press:
Oxford.




P 078 Ceramics Processed by Precursor Sol Infiltration Technique

SanchitaBaitalik,OmprakashChakrabarti, NijhumaKayal*

Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, CSIR, 196, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-
700 032, India
E-mail: sbsbsanchita01@gmail.com

Mullite bonded porous SiC ceramics were synthesized by infiltrating into powder
compact of SiC with a liquid precursor of mullite and subsequent heat treatment
1
. The effect
SiC particle size on phase composition, microstructure, SiC oxidation degree, flexural
strength, porosity and pore size distribution were studied. SiC particles bonded by mullite
and oxidation derived SiO
2
formed an interconnected porous network. The porosity varied in
the range of 29.71 to 36.57 vol. % and was found to be dependent on the SiC particle size
and sintering temperature. The oxidation degree of SiC was found to be reduced by
infiltration of mullite precursor sol and enhanced with sintering temperature. Bimodal pore
size distribution patterns were obtained for all samples which might be due to wide variation
of starting SiC powder sizes. The average pore diameter of the mullited bonded porous SiC
(MBSC) ceramics sintered at 1500
o
C were found to be 1.69 m, 11.13 m and 25.48 m
respectively for the samples prepared using SiC powder with d
50
= 4.47 m, 51.77 m and

130

99.26 m. The MBSC ceramics prepared using SiC powder with d
50
= 51.77 m sintered at
1500
o
C exhibited a flexural strength and Youngs modulus of 39.15 MPa and 26.61GPa
respectively, at a porosity of 31.62 vol. %. Higher flexural strength and elastic modulus were
achieved with decrease of the particle size of SiC.

Reference
1) NijhumaKayal, AtanuDey, OmprakashChakrabarti. Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2012, 535, 222-
227.



P 079 Analysis of Composite Material Made of Ridge gourd fiber
Reinforced with Corn Starch

Saran Kumar K*
1
,

Karthick S
2
,
1
Faculty Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology
Tiruchirappalli, India.
2
Faculty Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, National Institute of
Technology Tiruchirappalli, India.
Email: saranmay18@gmail.com., karthickmay10@gmail.com

In this paper an attempt is made to produce a bio composite using luffa fiber
reinforced with Corn starch. The development of high-performance materials made from
natural resources is increasing worldwide; Due to sustainability and environmental issues,
the need for remarkable achievements in green technology in the field of materials science
through the development of bio composites have increased. Luffa fiber is a very light-weight
natural material which has the potential to be used as an alternate sustainable material for
various engineering applications such as packaging, impact energy absorption, acoustic and
vibration isolation. The observation results showed that the fabricated composite after
reinforcement preserved the properties of luffa and moreover increased its flexibility and
strength. The composite was subjected to various test for checking its mechanical properties,
the result proved that the fabricated composite exhibited outstanding performance in all the
tests and also it has become an attractive proposition because of the increasing cost of
alternative and environmental pollution by synthetic composite. A comparative study
showed that the luffa composite outperforms a wide variety of conventional engineering
materials.







131

P 080 Correlation between Structural and Optical Properties of Dy
and Ce Doped ZnNiO Nanocomposites

Shijina K
1
, Megha U
1
and George Varghese
2
1
Department of Physics, University of Calicut,673635,India
2
Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment, Thiruvananthapuram,
Kerala,695004, India
Email: shijinalakshmi@yahoo.com

Synthesis of rare-earth metal (Ce, Dy) doped ZnNiO nanocomposites using poly
vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as the capping molecules has been accomplshlied unisng the wet
chemical route. Structural and optical properties of surface modified Ce and Dy doped
ZnNiO are examined. X-ray diffraction indicates that all of the as-obtained samples can be
indexed to hexagonal structure. Correlation between the structural and optical properties was
studied for the synthesised nano particles.. The crystallite sizes of the composites depend on
the level of disorder, albeit to a limited extent, where minimum disorder matches with high
crystallinity. Significant functional correlation could be found between the differences in
experimentally observed crystallite size and Urbach energy. The photoluminescence spectra
of the samples show surface passivation effects in the ultraviolet emission.



Figure 1 The correlation between the difference in crystallite size (G) and the difference
in Urbach energy (Eu) of Ce and Dy doped ZnNiO nanocomposites

References
1) Bin Zhang.;Xing-Tang Zhang, He-Chun Gong, Zhi-Shen Wu, Shao-Min Zhou, Zu
LiangDu Phy.Lett.A.2007, 372, 2300-2303
2) Said Benramache, Foued Chabane, Djamel Bensahal, Okba Belahssena. J. Power Tech.
2013, 93, 202-206



132

P 081 Synergistic Effect of CNT and Nanoclay on the Properties of
Chlorobutyl Rubber Nanocomposites

Shilpa K., Rincy Sebastian, Saritha.A*
Department of Chemistry, Amrita Viswavidyapeetham University, Amritapuri, Kerala,
690525, India
Email: sarithatvla@gmail.com

Nanocomposites technology opens up a new era in the study of polymeric materials.
Carbon nanotubes, due to their extremely high mechanical strength finds use as a filler
material in many polymer matrices and can be viewed as one of the most promising area
driven towards commercial applications [1,2]. Nevertheless nanoclay is also equally good as
filler in enhancing the mechanical, barrier and thermal properties of chlorobutyl rubber
matrix. The nanocomposites were prepared using cloisite 30 B and carbon nanotubes
separately and a hybrid nanocomposite was prepared by incorporating these two fillers by
the process of solution mixing. The resulting nanocomposites were characterized and the
mechanical, dielectric, solvent diffusion and barrier properties were analysed. The results
show an enhancement in the aforementioned properties and reveal that both the carbon
nanotubes and nanoclay contribute synergistically towards the enhancement in properties .
The improvement of solvent barrier features in these nanocomposites is attributed to the
implanted impermeable platelet structure of nanoclay, which forces the penetrant molecules
to wiggle around them and thus creating a tortuous route for passing of penetrant [3-6].
Therefore, wherever good barrierity is needed such as chemical protective gloves,
commercial applications of these material products seem to be promising. Finally the
decontaminating efficiency of the nanocomposites were also evaluated.

References
1) Fei Deng , Masaei Ito , Toru Noguchi, Lifeng Wang, Hiroyuki Ueki, Ken-ichi
Niihara, Yoong Ahm Kim , Morinobu Endo , and Quan-Shui Zheng, ACS
Nano, 2011, 5 (5), 38583866
2) Mostafa Mirzaei Aliabadi, Ghasem Naderi, Seyed Jamaleddin Shahtaheri,
Abbas Rahimi Forushani, Iraj Mohammadfam, Mehdi Jahangiri, Journal of
environmental health science and engineering, 12:51,2014, 1-8.
3) Meera AP, Thomas P, Thomas S: Polym Compos, 2012, 33:524531.
4) Saritha A, Joseph K, Thomas S, Muraleekrishnan R, Compos Part A, 2012, 43:864870.
5) Bhattacharya M, Biswas S, Bandyopadhyay S, Bhowmick AK
Polym Adv Technol 2012, 23:596610.





133

P 082 Effect of Coprecipitated Nickel Ferrite on the Mechanical
and Magnetic Properties of Natural Rubber-Ferrite Composites

Sithara T, Aiswarya A R, Sreedha Sambhudevan*
Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham,Kollam, Kerala-690525
Email: sreedha14@gmail.com

Polymers are usually non-magnetic in nature. The introduction of magnetic materials
imparts magnetic properties to the polymer as well as improves the physical properties of
polymer/rubber matrix. The advantages of polymer bonded magnets (PBMs) over their
metallic and ceramic counterparts include low weight, resistance to corrosion, ease of
fabrication and capability for high production rates. The nickel ferrite powders prepared by
coprecipitation method is taken as the magnetic filler which is an excellent substituent for
the metallic magnets due to their high stability in air, non-metallic electrical properties, high
volume density, corrosion resistance and low price. Natural rubber (NR) is taken as the
polymer matrix which has several excellent properties, such as high strength, outstanding
resilience and high elongation at break.
In the present work nickel ferrite was prepared by coprecipitation method. The
prepared ferrite fillers are embedded in natural rubber matrix by mechanical mixing at
different loadings to get the rubber ferrite composites (RFCs). The mechanical property
study reveals that tensile strength as well as Shore hardness significantly increases with filler
loading. The magnetic measurements were done on the filler and prepared RFCs. The
magnetic measurements were done and the results showed that the coercivity is improved
and the saturation magnetization is linearly dependent on the mass fraction of the filler,
while the tensile strength, strain at break and modules are highly influenced by the size,
shape and volume fraction of ferrite particles

Keywords: Rubber ferrite composites, coprecipitation, saturation magnetization, coercivity.

References
1) M. H. Makled and T. Matsui, Plastics, Rubber and Composites, 2009, 38, 7, 297-301.
2) M. H. Makled1, Y. Washiya, and H. Tsuda, T. Matsui, Journal of Applied Polymer
Science, Manuscript ID: APP-2008-12-4221.R1.









134

P 083 Synthesis And Characterisation Of Epoxy Composites From
Vegetable Oils

T.J.Sasikala, A.MalarRetna*
Department of Chemistry and Research Centre,
Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil-3, Tamilnadu, India.
Email:sasikaladhar34@gmail.com

Epoxidised vegetable oils can be used as plasticisers, stabilisers and lubricants in the
polymer industry. As energy demands increase, there is utilization of renewable resources
instead of petroleum based polymers. Vegetable oil is readily available and inexpensive,
1

can be used to synthesise various types of polymers. In the present study, epoxidised
vegetable oil has been synthesised from vegetable oil via peroxy acetic acid generated
insitu by treating acetic acid with hydrogen peroxide as oxygen donor and sulphuric acid
catalyst.
2
Epoxidation has been confirmed by iodine value, oxirane oxygen analysis, fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and thin layer
chromatography (TLC) analysis.
Natural fibres such as jute, sisal, banana, rice husk etc are locally available in
abundance and have excellent physical and mechanical properties and can be used more
effectively in the development of composite materials for various applications. Epoxy
composite samples were prepared from the natural fibre with different ratios using a
hardener. The mechanical properties viz. Tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural
modulus, inter laminar shear strength and impact strength and the physical properties has
been studied and will be discussed in detail.

References
1) Blayo, A.; Gandini, A.; Le Nest, J. F. Ind. Crops Prod. 2001, 14, 155 167.
2) Aigbodion, A. I.; Okieimen, F. E.; Bakare, I. O. J Appl. Sci.1999, 17, 27-36.















135

P 084 The Pervaporation Performance of PVA Nanocomposite
Membranes

Thomasukutty Jose
#
, Soney C George*, Sabu Thomas
$

#
Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 046 #,* Centre
For Nano Science and Technology, Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally,
Kerala, India-686518
$
International and Inter University Centre for Nano Science and Nano Technology, M G
University, Kottayam
E-mail: thomasukutty88@gmail.com

One of the most important areas of pervaporation is the dehydration of alcohol. A
better separation is achieved by fabricating suitable membranes with good selectivity, high
permeability and proper mechanical strength1-3. Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is one of the
most widely used polymer materials for membrane based separation technology4-5. In the
present work we developed a new bentonite clay reinforced crosslinked PVA nanocomposite
membranes by solution casting method. The pure PVA membranes were crosslinked with
glutraldehyde (GA) in order to avoid the excessive swelling of the hydrophilic PVA
membranes. The membranes were used for the pervaporation separation of azeotropic
composition of isopropanol and water mixtures. The hydrophilic bentonite clay enhances the
separation efficiency of the crosslinked PVA membranes. The selectivity of the crosslinked
membranes increases 65% upon filler loading. The water permeance is showed tremendous
enhancement upon filler loading. The permeance value showed 100% enhancement upon
2wt% filler loading than that of crosslinked membranes. The 2wt% clay loaded membranes
shows well dispersed and well exfoliated structure and is evident from the TEM and XRD
analysis. So the developed crosslinked PVA/Clay membranes are effectively used for the
separation of water/isopropanol mixtures.

References
1) Darie, R.N.; Pslaru, E.; Sdrobis, A.; Pricope, G.M.; Hitruc, G.E.; Poiat, A.;
Baklavaridis, A.; Vasile, C. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2014, 53, 7877-7890.
2) Liua, X.; Suna, Y.; Denga, X. J. Membr. Sci. 2008, 325, 192-198.
3) Xia, S.; Dong, X.; Zhu, Y.; Wei, W.; Xiangli, F.; Jin, W. Separation and Purification
Technology, 2011, 77, 53-59
4) Strawhecker,K.E.; Manias,E. Chem Mater. 2000, 10, 2943-2949.
5) Yang, C.C.; Lee, Y.J.; Yang, J.M. J Power Sources. 2009, 188, 30-37.






136

P 085 Structural Characteristics and Magnetic Behaviour of
Cobalt Ferrite Filled Natural Rubber Nanocomposites

Vishnu Jith U R, Arya Anil, Tomlal Jose E*
Department of Chemistry, S B College, Changanacherry, Kerala, 686101, India
Email: vjithur@gmail.com

Ceramic composites having the unique advantage of easy flexibility and
mouldability will modify the properties for tailoring the devices ideally suitable for many
modern applications. Rubber ferrite composites (RFCs) containing cobalt ferrite (CF)
(CoFe
2
O
4
) nanoparticles in natural rubber (NR) matrix was prepared by two-roll mill
technique. Their structural characteristics and magnetic properties were determined for
different volume fractions of magnetoactive filler. X-ray diffractogram of CF samples that
were prepared by the co-precipitation method, exhibit the formation of pure spinel structure
with all characteristic peaks corresponding to cubic type lattice. Average particle size of CF
was evaluated using Debye Scherrers formula and found to be 22 nm which is consistent
with that obtained from TEM micrograph. SEM micrograph shows the homogeneous
dispersion of nanoparticles within the NR matrix without a considerable interparticle
agglomeration. Magnetic hysteresis was measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer
(VSM) in a maximum field of 15 KOe at room temperature. The results showed that all the
parameters such as saturation magnetization (M
s
), remanence (M
r
) and coercivity (H
c)
of
RFCs improved with increased volume fraction of ferrite particles.
1
It is noteworthy that the
coercivity of RFCs increased considerably even compared to the filler and also with the
previous works.
2


References
1) Mokhtar, N.; Abdullah, M. H.; Ahmad, S. H. Sains. Malaysiana., 2012, 41, 11251131.
2) Makled, M. H.; Matsui, T.; Tsuda, H.; Mabuchi, H.; El-Mansy, M. K.; Morii, K. J. Mater.
Process. Tech., 2005, 160, 229-233.















137

P 086 III-V Compound Materials Based Heterostructure Devices

T.D.Subash
1
and T.Gnanasekaran
2

1
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Annai Vailankanni College of Engineering, Kanyakumari, India.
2
Professor and Head, Department of Information Technology, RMK college of
Engineering and Technology, Chennai, India.
Email: tdsubash2007@gmail.com, t.gnanasekaran@gmail.com


Abstract High electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) have been extensively studied for
their potential application in high power, high frequency, and high temperature ampliers.
Double gate (DG) MOSFETs have emerged as promising devices for nano-scale circuits due
to their better scalability below 45 nm compared to bulk CMOS technology. The design and
simulation study of novel enhanced mode single-gate device providing stretchy gate control
is proposed in this paper. Synopsys TCAD simulator is used to analyze the performance of
the device. We demonstrated structure which provides threshold voltage V
th
below 2V at Vds
=0.3V and a high I
on
(Vgs=Vds=4V) up to 4 A/mm.

I. Introduction
For the development of next generation Terahertz monolithic integrated circuits (TMICs)
High electron mobility transistors (HEMT) devices plays a vital role. Based on the device
technology HEMT devices produce very low noise figure and for very high frequencies it
deliver high transistor gain. Enhancement mode multichannel GaN HEMT devices with high
on-state current have been demonstrated [1]. 5-nm gate GaN channel enhancement mode
MOS-HFET which has a repeal polarization field will provide low contact resistance [2].

II.Device Structure And Design
The schematic cross-sectional view of a single-gate single channel HEMT implemented.
AlN is used a barrier layer of 3nm thickness and GaN is used as buffer of 40 nm and also
channel with a thickness of 20nm of HEMT device. HfO
2
is used as an insulator layer of
thickness 30 nm. It is placed as a sandwich of all these materials. A single time is used thus
forms a single gate structure. These entire stacks are formed over a silicon substrate.

III. Conclusion
We have designed a novel enhancement mode single-gate and double-gate multichannel
HEMT structure. For all the three different device structures, the gate control has
strengthened and the voltage difference of transconductance peak is less than 1 V. For this
flexible channel controls the result shows the drive current of 4 A/mm. TCAD simulation
results shows the considerable performance upgrading novel HEMT device structure can be
used for RF application.





138


References
1) Feng.P, Teo.K.H, Oishi.T, Yamanaka.K, Ma.R, International Symposium on Power
Semiconductor Devices and ICs(ISPSD), 2013
2) U.Singisetti, M.Hoi Wong, J.S.Speck and U.K.Mishra, Electron Device Letters, IEEE,
2012, 33, 26-28.



P 087 Characterization of Water Proofed Silica Tiles by Confocal
Raman Imaging

Bhuvaneswari S, Nisha Balachandran, Sadhana R, Benny K George

Analytical and Spectroscopy Division, Analytical Spectroscopy and Ceramics Group, PCM
Entity, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram 695022, India.
Email: sbvssc@gmail.com

Confocal Raman Microscopy is a powerful tool for nondestructive imaging of
chemical composition of heterogeneous components in a film or coating. This paper deals
with the characterization of water proofed silica tiles used in thermal protection systems
(TPSs)
1
. Re-entry space vehicles require thermally efficient, rigid and flexible light weight
exterior thermal protection systems which have to withstand a wide variety of environments.
TPSs include ceramics such as high purity silicon dioxide which are very porous and often
have a void volume of over 90%. The insulation must be waterproofed so that it is unaffected
by water in any form, including high humidity. Water proofing of silica tile is achieved by
coating alkoxy silane based system, processed by controlled hydrolysis of siloxanes. Water-
resistant nature in silica tile is induced by the introduction of siloxane groups. Confocal
Raman spectroscopy was employed as a tool for the characterisation of water proofing of
silica tiles. Confocal Raman imaging
2
was done on few batches of water proofed silica tiles
and the ones without water proofing. Line scan and surface scan was done on the tile to find
the extend of water proofing. Color coded images were generated by integrating over the
Raman peak of silanol groups. The region color coded in blue indicates the distribution of
silica and the region highlighted in green indicates the distribution of water proofing
compound in the scanned surface (Fig.1). Thus, from the images generated distribution of
water proofing compounds on the silica tile were discerned.

139


Figure 1. Raman image of Silica tile (a) without water proofing and (b) with water proofing.



References
1) Rick Gore, When the Space Shuttle finally flies, National Geographic, 1981, 159(3),
316347.
2) Thomas Dieing Olaf Hollricher, JanToporski., Confocal Raman Microscopy, ISSN
0342-4111, Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht , London, New York.



P 088 Annealing Effect of Vanadium Oxide Films on Optical and
Structural Properties

C. M. Esther
1
, D. Porwal
1,2
, , I. N. Reddy
3
, Yougandar B
1
, Sridhara N
1
, D.
Rangappa
4
, N. P. Yadav
2
, P. Bera
5
, C. Anandan
5
, A. K. Sharma
1
, A. Dey
1
*
1
Thermal System Group, ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560017,India
2
Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering & Technology, Jhansi, U.P., 284001, India
3
Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama University, Chennai, T.N.,
600119, India
4
Center for Nanotechnology, Center for Post Graduate studies, VTU, Bangalore, Karnataka,
India
5
Surface Engineering Division, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore,
Karnataka, 560017, India
Email: carmelnano@gmail.com; arjundey@isac.gov.in

Vanadium oxide based coated surfaces show a smart optical window or switching
properties.
1
Here, pulsed rf magnetron sputtering technique was utilized to grow vanadium
(V) oxide (V
2
O
5
) thin film was grown on quartz and silicon (111) substrates by direct





(a) (b)

140

sputtering method at working pressure of 1.5x10
-2
mbar in room temperature. Further, the
coated samples were annealed at 100C at vacuum (1.5x10
-5
mbar). Duration of the
deposition time was kept constant at two different rf powers of 400 W and 600 W. The
transmittance and electronic structure of the coated samples were measured by UV-VIS-NIR
spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 200 to 2000 nm and X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy techniques, respectively. Thicker film (i.e. at 600 W) showed lesser
transmittance than the thinner one (i.e. at 400 W) (Fig. 1a). Further, after annealing both the
cases significant and sharp changes of transmittance was observed in particular at near
infrared region of the spectrum (Fig. 1a). Further, it is expected to increase further towards
the far infrared region.
2
This is plausibly linked with the formation of more vanadium (IV)
oxide (29% vs. 19%) after annealing found from XPS investigation (Fig. 1b). The remaining
phase was identified as vanadium (V) oxide.



Figure 1. Annealing effect of vanadium oxide film on the (a) transmittance and (b)
electronic structure


References
1) Batista, C.; Ribeiro, RM.; Teixeira.; V. Nano. Res. Lett. 2011, 6, 301.
2) Leroy, J.; Bessaudou, A.; Cosset, F.; Crunteanu A. Thin Solid Film. 2012, 520, 4823
4825.









141

P 089 Polyaniline-Reduced Graphene oxide Hybrid for CO
2

Adsorption

Avinesh D., Remyamol T., Honey John*
Department of Chemistry, IIST, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695547, India
Email: bobydirisina1994@gmail.com

There is a major scientific interest in preventing the release of CO
2
and lowering its
concentration in the atmosphere, since the accumulation of greenhouse gases like CO
2
in
the
atmosphere causes an enhanced greenhouse effect, leading to climate change and global
warming. The discovery of novel materials with large storage capacity of CO
2
and
recyclability is a key challenge for realizing practical carbon dioxide capture. Carbon
nanomaterials are considered to be one of the most promising adsorbents for CO
2
. Recently,
it is demonstrated that graphene, the wonder kid in the carbon family due to its high surface
area shows good CO
2
absorption capacity
1
. On the other hand researchers are interested to
improve the CO
2
capture properties of amine-based solid adsorbents by utilizing solid
materials with high amine density. Polyaniline, the conducting polymer with low production
cost consists of chains of nitrogen containing groups, hence high CO
2
absorption capacity is
expected in polyaniline. In this context, in order to achieve high CO
2
capture by utilizing the
amineCO
2
interaction in polyaniline by combining the high surface area, porosity and
mechanical stability of graphene, we synthesized polyaniline-reduced graphene oxide hybrid
by a novel methodology. At first, graphite oxide is synthesized by low temperature modified
Hummers method
2
and it is hybridized with polyaniline by in situ polymerization of aniline
followed by in situ hydrothermal reduction of graphite oxide. The hybrids are characterized
well and the surface area, porosity and CO
2
absorption is studied by BET adsorption
desorption studies. The hybrid sample shows higher CO
2
adsorption capacity compared to
pristine polyaniline.

References
1) Mishra, A. K.; Ramaprabhu, S. AIP Adv. 2011, 1, 032152.
2) Remyamol, T.; Honey, J.; Pramod, G. Carbon 2013, 59, 308-314.









142

P 090 Functionalization of Nanoclays with Ionic Liquids

Eapen Thomas, Nisha Balachandran, Vijayalakshmi K.P., Sadhana R., Benny
K.George*
Analytical and Spectroscopy Division, Analytical, Spectroscopy and Ceramics Group,
Propellants, Polymers, Chemicals and Materials Entity, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre,
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 022, India
Email: eapen_thomas@vssc.gov.in; t.eapen@yahoo.com

Functionalization of nanoclay is essential to enhance the dispersion, wetting and
compatibility of these inorganic particles in organic media like polymers for nanocomposite
applications. Ionic liquids (ILs) with versatile structure as organic modifiers are appealing
because of their high thermal inertness and green solvent properties compared to commonly
used alkyl ammonium salts.
1,2
In the present study we describe preparation and
characterisation of IL-functionalized nanoclay.
Sodium Montmorillonite (Cloisite-Na
+
) nanoclays were treated with various 1, 3
dialkyl substituted imidazolium based ILs (Fig. 1a) to investigate the effects of the pairing
anions and alkyl chain length on extent of intercalation and thermal stability. The modified
clays were characterized by FTIR, elemental analysis, TGA and XRD. The d spacing of
Cloisite Na
+
(12.08) was increased proportional to the alkyl chain length and maximum d
spacing of 14.38 was obtained for decyl substituted imidazolium cations. The maximum
thermal stability is obtained for clay modified using butyl analogue with d spacing of 13.2
. Although the thermal stability of pure ILs was mostly controlled by the type of the anion
present, thermal stability of the modified clays, at the IL cation loadings achieved in this
work, was controlled by the size of the cation.









(a) (b)

Figure 1. (a) Ionic liquids employed for the present study (b) TGA curves of Cloisite-Na
+

clay and modified clays



References
1) Livi S., Duchet J., Grard J.F., Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2011, 354, 555
562.

100 200 300 400 500 600
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
W
e
i
g
h
t

(
%
)
Temp (
o
C)
Cloisite-Na
+
Clay-conventional modifier
Clay-Oct-IL
Clay-Dec-IL
Clay-Bu-IL


143

2) Gilman, J. W., Awad, W. H., Davis, R. D., Shields, J., Harris, R. H., Davis,C., Morgan, A.
B., Sutto, T. E., Callahan, J., Trulove, P. C., and Delong, H.C., Chem., Mater., 2002, 14,
3776-3785



P 091 Dielectric and Magnetic Characterization of double
perovskite Ca
2
FeMoO
6
synthesized in H
2
:Ar gas

Jasnamol P P, Neenu Lekshmi P, Manoj Raama Varma*
Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR NIIST, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695019,
India
Email: jasnappalakkal@gmail.com

The double perovskites with general formula A
2
BBO
6
with A being alkaline earth
metals or rare earth metals and B, B being transition metals, exhibit absorbing properties
such as high temperature (above room temperature) ferrimagnetism, half metallicity,
intergrain tunneling type magnetoresistance, etc. In Fe based ordered double perovskite
A
2
FeMO
6
(A=Ca, Sr, Ba; M= Mo, Re) compounds, Fe
3+
(3d
5
, S=5/2) and Mo
5+
(4d
1
, S=1/2)
[or Re
5+
(5d
2
, S=1)] couple antiferromagnetically, where the conduction band is composed of
the 4d (or 5d) down-spin electrons of Mo
5+
(or Re
5+
) [1].
Monoclinic Ca
2
FeMoO
6
with space group P 1 21/C 1, synthesized via standard solid
state reaction in H
2
:Ar mixture gas as controlled reducing atmosphere. The magnetization Vs
Temperature measurement shows a ferrimagnetic to paramagnetic Tc at 275 K. The
magnetic structure of Ca
2
FeMoO
6
will be discussed. The dielectric constant Vs frequency at
room temperature is measured. The variation of imaginary ('') and real part (') of dielectric
constant with frequency is studied and is shown in the figure below.


Fig. 1 SEM image of Ca
2
FeMoO
6



144














Fig. 2 Real part (') and Imaginary part ('') of dielectric constant Vs frequency

References
1) K.-I. Kobayashi, T. Kimura, Y. Tomioka, H. Sawada, & K. Terakura, Intergrain
tunneling magnetoresistance in polycrystals of the ordered double perovskite
Sr
2
FeReO
6
. Physical Review B, 1999, 59, 11159- 11162.



P 092 Unique Structural Realization in the Supramolecular
Complexes of Endohedral Fullerene Porphyrin Systems

Keerthi G. Nair

, Subhashree Raghavan

, Biji Pullithadathil

, Shankara Gayathri
Radhakrishnan
*

Nanotech Research Facility, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore-641 004, India

Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University,

Thanjavur-613401, India

Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria 0002, South Africa

Email: keerthiak89@gmail.com

The onerous goal to realize the artificial photosynthetic systems has been the zeal to look
for a variety of donor-acceptor systems.
1,2
The present study investigates the charge transfer
properties of different noncovalently linked porphyrin-fullerene DA systems. The
complexation behaviour of the most widely used electron acceptor being C
60
and the an
endohedral fullerene titrated with three different porphyrins, absorption and emission
measurements revealed a 1:1 fullerene porphyrin complex formation for all complexes.
The complex formation was further substantiated by the appearance of isobestic points in the
absorption studies with association constants (K
s
) being 10
4
10
5
M
-1
showcasing the extent
of interaction among them. The surface pressure-area (-A) isotherms were carried out for
the floating monolayer of the endohedral fullerene porphyrin complexes which formed
0 2000000 4000000 6000000 8000000 10000000
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5.0


'
"
f

'
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2

"

145

very stable freestanding films. The monolayer of complexes was transferred on to the
substrates through LS (Langmuir-Schaefer) and LB (LangmuirBlodgett) techniques. The
films of the complexes transferred onto a variety of substrates were studied using absorption,
atomic force microscopic (AFM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) techniques.
The microscopic analysis of the complexes revealed aggregate formation with unique
structures whose mechanism of the aggregate formation shall be discussed.

References
1) Guldi, D. M.; Zilbermann, I.; Anderson, G. A.; Kordatos, K.; Prato, M.; Tafuro, R.;
Valli, L. J. Mater. Chem, 2004, 14, 303309.
2) Vuorinen, T.; Kaunisto, K.; Tkachenko, N. V.; Efimov, A.; Lemmetyinen, H., Langmuir
2005, 21, 5383-5390.



P 093 Structural and optical properties of barium alumino
borosilicate glass

M.S. Salinigopal
1
, N. Gopakumar
2
, P. S. Anjana*
1
1
Depatent of Pysis All aints ollege Tivanu Keala Inia.
2
P G Department of Physics, Mahatma Gandhi College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
E-mail: salums85@gmail.com, psanjanaa@yahoo.com


Rare earth doped 50BaO-(5-x) Al
2
O
3
- xRO-30B
2
O
3
-15SiO
2
(x = 0, 5) glasses [R=
La, Gd, Nd, Dy] has been prepared by conventional rapid melt quenching technique. The
density of the as prepared glasses was measured using Archimedes method. The amorphous
nature of the glasses was confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Structural properties of
these glass samples were studied using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy.
FTIR spectra revealed the existence of various structural groups in the glasses and
determined and differentiated the various vibrational modes in the structural changes. Raman
spectroscopy investigated the structural units and bonding structure of the glasses. The
optical properties of the glasses were studied using UV-Visible spectroscopic technique.
From absorption spectra, optical absorption co-efficient and optical density was calculated.







146

P 094 Oxygen vacancy induced charge order suppression in
Sm
0.55
Sr
0.45
MnO
3
manganite thin films

Manoj K. Srivastava
1,2,
*, Vasudha Agarwal
1
, Amarjeet Kaur
2
, H.K. Singh
1

1
CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi-110012, India
2
Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
*Email: manojk.sri2006@gmail.com

Polycrystalline Sm
0.55
Sr
0.45
MnO
3
thin films (thickness ~100 nm) were prepared on
(La
0.18
Sr
0.82
)(Al
0.59
Ta
0.41
)O
3
(LSAT, (001)) single crystal substrates by ultrasonic nebulized
spray pyrolysis and annealed in air and oxygen ambient.
1-3
The X-ray diffraction 2 scan
reveals that these films (i) have very good crystallinity, (ii)are oriented along out-of-plane c-
direction, and (iii) are under small tensile strain. The impact of oxygen vacancy results into
(i) higher value of paramagnetic insulator (PMI) to ferromagnetic metal (FMM) transition
temperature, i.e., T
C
/T
IM
, (ii) sharper PMI-FMM transition, (iii) higher value of
magnetization and magnetic saturation moment, and (iv) higher value of magnetoresistance
(MR).
The magnetic field (H) dependent MR data show hysteretic and sharp increase in
MR with magnetic field and possesses ~100 % MR at H= 50 kOe and T= 125 K which is
usefulformemory application. The magnetic state at T<T
C
is akin to cluster glass, which is
formed by the presence of charge ordered-antiferromagnetic clusters in the ferromagnetic
matrix. We suggest here that oxygen vacancy suppresses the antiferromagnetic-charge
ordered insulator (AFM-COI) and favors FMM phase while oxygen vacancy annihilation
leads to AFM-COI phase.
3
These results clearly brings out that the oxygen vacancy has an
strong bearing on the growth condition and resulting magnetotransport properties.


Figure 1.Temperature dependent resistivity of LSAT-AIR and LSAT-OXY thin films. Inset
shows the variation of magnetoresistance with magnetic field measured at T=5 K and 125 K.




147

References
1) Tokura, Y.Rep. Prog. Phys.2006, 69, 797-851.
2) Tomioka, Y.; Hiraka, H.; Endoh, Y.; Tokura, Y. Phys. Rev. B,2006,74, 104420.
3) Srivastava, M. K.; Siwach, P. K.; Kaur, A.; Singh, H. K. Appl. Phys. Lett.2010,97,
182503.



P 095 Low-Cost Sodium Silicate Derived Mesoporous Silica
Aerogel Supports for CO
2
Sequestration

N. Minju
a
, P. V. Abhilash
a
, K.A. Shuhailath
a
, A. Peermohamed
a
, N. Balagopal
Nair
a,b
, S. Ananthakumar
a,
*
a
Functional Materials Section, Material Science and Technology Division, National
Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR), Industrial Estate P. O.,
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India.
b
Noritake Private Limited, Japan
Email:minjuashok007@gmail.com

Carbon dioxide release has been an increased concern over recent years as its level is
reaching a symbolic 400 ppm threshold in the atmosphere contributing to the global climate
change. Among the available methods, sorption-based technologies are found promising for
CO
2
adsorption. Single porous silica sorbents such as HMS, MCM-41, MCM-48, SBA-15
etc., are commonly suggested. The ordered porosity in the silica aerogels serves as better
carrier for gas storage application and provides better sites for functional modifications also.
1

There are lots of work carried out on silica aerogels and its functional derivatives and among
these various reports suggest that one way to enhance the carbon dioxide adsorption capacity
of the porous sorbents is amine modification.
2
The basic amino group acts as specific site for
CO
2
capture by chemical adsorption.
3

In the present work, silica aerogel microspheres were synthesized from low cost
sodium silicate precursor using ambient pressure drying technique. The prepared aerogel
beads were surface modified via amine grafting by introducing APTMS/PEI amine mixtures.
It was found that the adsorption capacity varied linearly with the amine contents. The SiO
2
-
15%PEI hybrid aerogel shows maximum adsorption capacity (55.77 mg/g) among all the
organic hybrid aerogel. For modifying the hydrophilic degree of the porous beads PVA
incorporated aerogel were prepared. Compared to the PVA-APTMS/PVA-PEI aerogel beads
with silica supports, SiO
2
-PVA with amine admixtures showed comparatively higher
adsorption of about 50.45 mg/g. For tailoring the properties of the adsorbent amine
functionalized Al
2
O
3
and ZnO were incorporated in to the porous adsorbent matrix.






148

References
1) Sarawade, P. B.; Quang, D. V.; Hilonga, A.; Jeon, S. J.; Kim, H. T. Mater. Lett. 2012,
81, 37-40.
2) Cui, S.; Cheng, W.; Shen, X.; Fan, M.; Russel, A.; Wu, Z.; Yi, X. Energy Environ. Sci.
2011, 4, 2070-2074.
3) Sanz, R.; Calleja, G.; Arencibia, A.; Sanz-Prez, E. S. Micrp. Mesop. Mater. 2012, 158,
309317.



P 096 Stimuli-Controlled Switching of Electronic Property in
Ru(II) and Ir(III) complexes within N-Heterocyclic Carbene
(NHC)- Pyridyl Dynamic Platform

Moumita Mondal, Ranjeesh T. K., Suraj K. Gupta, Joyanta Choudhury*
Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry,
IISER Bhopal, Bhopal-462066, MP (India)
E-mail: mmita@iiserb.ac.in

Modulation of electronic properties of organometallic complexes by external stimuli
(e.g. chemical, light, electrochemical etc.) is of extreme importance in the fields of switchable
catalysis
1
and smart molecular materials
2
. Examples of stimuli switching in above mentioned
areas are rare. In this poster, we present M-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes (M =
Ru, Ir), where a remote pyridine site is utilized efficiently to explore the possibility of
stimuli-controlled switching of the electronic properties of the system. On application of
chemical stimuli (e.g. acid/base), pyridine nitrogen undergoes reversible protonation
/deprotonation, whereas a reversible coordination and de-coordination of metal center is
achieved with a controlled modulation of electronics of NHC bound metal center. The above
interesting and important switching behavior has been studied by
1
H and
13
C NMR
spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods.
3
We are exploring the potential of the above
stimuli-responsive chemistry in catalysis (e.g., transfer hydrogenation, C-H bond arylation) as
well as in materials (electrochromic materials).











149






References
1) (a) Bielawski, C.W. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 9420; Long, N.J. Edward, L.M. J.
Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 7410.
2) Mendes, P.M. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2008, 37, 2512; Rovira, C. Nat. Chem. 2011, 3, 359.
3) Mondal, M. et al. Dalton Trans. 2014, 43, 9356.



P 097 Thickness dependent Phase-separation in
La
0.58-y
Pr
y
Ca
0.42
MnO
3
(y=0.40) manganite thin films

Vasudha Agarwal*, H.K. Singh
National Physical Laboratory (CSIR), Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi-110012, India
Email:vasudha.ag87@gmail.com

Phase separation (PS) is believed to be the key ingredient of the physics of doped
rare earth manganites.
1,2
It dominates the composition-temperature (x-T) diagram of
intermediate and low bandwidth manganites like Nd
1-x
Sr
x
MnO
3
2
, Sm
1-x
Sr
x
MnO
3
3
and La
1-x-
y
Pr
y
Ca
x
MnO
3
.
4

In this report we have investigated the effect of thickness induced strain in
L
0.18
Pr
0.40
Ca
0.42
MnO
3
thin films. These films were deposited by using RF magnetron
sputtering on single crystal LaAlO
3
/100 substrates of thickness 30nm, 70nm and 100nm. All
films are having single phase and oriented along substrate. All films are under compressive
strain which relaxed with increasing thickness. Magnetic data (M-T) of these films do not
show any charge ordering peak which is generally observed in these system. This is due to
compressive strain in these films. Zero field cooled (ZFC) and Field cooled cool (FCC)
divergence and strong hysteretic FCC-FCW M-T curves brings out the highly phase
separated nature of the system. The phase separation tendency appears to be weaken at

150

higher film thickness. FM (AFM) fraction is observed to increase (decrease) with film
thickness and this could be related to defects caused by the gradual strain relaxation. Zero
field insulator-metal transition (IMT) was not observed in 30nm film while films with higher
thickness (100 nm) shows well defined sharp and hysteretic IMT.



Figure 1. Temperature dependent ZFC, FCC and FCW magnetization of the 100nm (main-
panel) and 30nm (upper inset) L
0.18
Pr
0.40
Ca
0.42
MnO
3
thin films measured at H=100Oe. The
lower inset shows the temperature dependent zero field resistivity of 30nm and 100nm films.

References
1) Dagotto, E.; Hotta, T.; Moreo, A. Phys. Rep. 2001, 344, 1-153.
2) Tokura, Y.; Rep. Prog. Phys.2006, 69, 797-851.
3) Tomioka, Y.; Hiraka, H.; Endoh, Y.; Tokura, Y. Phys. Rev. B 2006, 74, 104420.
4) Uehara, M.; Mori, S.; Chen, C. H.; Cheong, S.-W. Nature 1999, 399, 560.











151

P 098 Biomass-Based Adsorbents for Reactive Barriers -Kinetic
and Equilibrium Modeling of Pb(II) Adsorption

U.S. Aswathy
1,2
, Nisha Mathew
1
, G.R. Divya
1
, Arya Vijayan
1,2
, S. Arya
1
, K. Anoop
Krishnan
1
*
1
Chemical Sciences Division, National Centre for Earth Science Studies (NCESS), Akkulam,
Trivandrum, 695031, India
2
Department of Chemistry, Mar Ivanios College, Nalanchira, Trivandrum, 695015, India
Email: achuloveschemistry@gmail.com

Permeable reactive barrier (PRB) is a promising technology for remediation of
polluted water bodies
1
. PRBs consist of a permeable zone facilitating tidying of
contaminated plume through immobilization/transformation of pollutants through
physical/chemical processes
2
. For effective remediation based on sorption, reactive media
like activated carbon, zeolite, peat for organic compounds and heavy metal removal has
gained significance. Our research interest is to evaluate the sorption capacities of various
cost-effective biomass based materials for heavy metal removal and their modifications as
reactive materials for PRB.
We examine the potential of seven cost-effective biomass-based adsorbents (as-
prepared or modified) along with commercial TiO
2
nanoparticles as reactive materials for
removal of toxic Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments facilitated optimization
of various operational conditions - solution pH, initial concentration of Pb(II) ions, adsorbent
dose, contact time, temperature, ionic strength - for adsorption process. pH 5.5-6.5 favored
adsorption process and pseudo-first-order/pseudo-second-order kinetics were applied to
evaluate rate of removal
3
. Equilibrium data were modeled using Langmuir and Freundlich
isotherms. High adsorption capacities of the investigated materials for Pb(II) ions (Figure 1)
were explained on the basis of surface morphology and functionality. Our studies reveal the
capability of investigated adsorbents as potential materials for hybrid reactive barriers for
Pb(II) removal from contaminated plumes.


152




References
1) Liu, T.; Yang, X.; Wang, Z.L.; Yan, X. Water Res. 2013, 47, 6691-6700.
2) Conca, J.L.; Wright, Appl. Geochem. 2006, 21, 2188-2200.
3) Krishnan, K.A.; Anirudhan, T.S. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2002, 41, 5085-5093.



P 099 Preparation and Characterization of Alginate Dialdehyde -
Gelatin Hydrogels Containing Silver Nanoparticles Indented for
Tissue Engineering Applications

Resmi R
*
, Roy Joseph
#
, Annie John
*
* TEM Lab.,
#
Polymer Processing Laboratory, BMT Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for
Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
E.mail:resmibiotec@gmail.com

Nanoparticles of silver are known to possess antimicrobial properties and have
been used for controlling medical device associated infections. In the present work a tissue
engineering scaffold which releases silver nanoparticles has been developed and evaluated.
The scaffold material was Alginate dialdehyde (ADA) - Gelatin (G) hydrogel cross-linked in
the presence of borax. Borax has the additional advantage of imparting antiseptic properties
to the scaffold. Silver nanoparticles were generated by a simple green synthesis technique
where the silver ions were reduced into silver nanoparticles by gelatin under UV irradiation.
The formation of silver nanoparticles was followed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. TEM images
showed that size of the silver nanoparticle was about 20nm. Silver nanoparticles of different
90.09
62.51
33.33
116.48
142.86
54.32
12.65
8.23
0
40
80
120
160
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A
d
s
o
r
p
t
i
o
n

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

(
m
g
/
g
)

Adsorbents
1. TiO
2
nanopowder
2. Tamarindus indica
pericarp
3. Sediment
4. Saw dust carbon
5. Eleusine coracana husk
6. Rice hull
7. Capsicum frutescens stalk
8. Piper nigrum stalk
Figure 1. Comparision of Pb(II) removal by various adsorbents

153

concentrations (0.2-1.0wt%) were incorporated into the hydrogel and the effect of silver
nanoparticles on the properties of hydrogels were determined by FTIR spectroscopy,
Scanning electron microscopy, percentage swelling, rehydration ratio and equilibrium
swelling. Results showed that addition of silver nanoparticles did not influence swelling
properties of hydrogels. It was observed that with the increase in concentration of silver
nanoparticles, the antibacterial properties also increased. Cytotoxicity studies showed that
low concentration of silver was found to be non cytotoxic to the cells.



P 100 Synthesis And Characterization of a New Series of
Catalytically and Biologically Active Transition Metal Schiff Base
Complexes Derived from Quinoxaline-2-Carboxaldehyde

S. Mayadevi*, Preetha G. Prasad
b
, V.P. Jayachandran
c
, K. K. Mohammed Yusuff
d
Department of Chemistry, N.S.S. College of Engineering, Palakkad-678 008, Kerala, India.

Email: mayadevi968@gmail.com, Tel : +91-9447217701, Fax

The present work focuses on the synthesis and characterization of an interesting
series of biologically and catalytically active metal complexes, ([M(QOD)
m
Cl
n
], M =
Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II)), of a new ligand, quinoxaline-2-carboxalidene-1,2-
phenylenediamine containing a deactivating heterocyclic ring system.. Structural
investigations were carried out on the metal complexes by a combination of microanalytical,
spectroscopic and magnetic techniques. The results suggested distorted tetrahedral geometry
for all the complexes. The catalytic activity of the prepared complexes was determined
spectrophotometrically by monitoring the oxidation of di-tert-butylcatechol to the
corresponding o-benzoquinone using molecular oxygen as the oxidant. The oxidation
activity of the metal complexes are in the order Mn(II)>> Cu(II)>Co(II)>Ni(II). To explore
the therapeutic potential of a deactivating heterocyclic ring system, all the prepared
complexes were checked for their antimicrobial activity against potent bacterial pathogens
such as E.coli, Proteus sp and Salmonella typhi and non pathogenic Lactobacillus. All the
complexes except Mn(II) are found to posses antibacterial activity.
N NH
2
N
N
M
Cl
Cl

Figure 1. M = Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II)




154

References
1) Cozzi P. G. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2004,33: 410
2) Mayadevi S., Sridevi N., and Yusuff K. K. M. Indian J. Chem., 1998,37A: 413



P 101 Studies on the Effect of Montmorillonite Clay in
Combination with TiO
2
on the Properties of Chitosan

Vijayalekshmi.V
1*
, Chithra P.G
1

1. Dept of Chemistry, S.N College for Women, Kollam, Kerala, 691001, India
Email:lekshmi500@gmail.com

Polymeric materials have been used for a wide range of industrial applications in
packaging and protective coatings.
1
The use of biopolymers as components of composites for
packaging materials is very popular because of the biodegradable, antimicrobial, better
resistance to solvents, increased thermal stability and improved mechanical properties.
2

Titanium dioxide (TiO
2
) nanoparticles with an average particle size of 15nm were added
with nanoclay in different proportions into the polymer by solvent casting. Characterization
of the samples is carried out by XRD, FTIR, UV-Visible, SEM and TEM. The XRD pattern
and TEM images indicate that an exfoliated structure was formed with the addition of small
amounts of filler into the polymer matrix. The antibacterial properties of the nanocomposites
were studied using Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. From the study Gram
negative bacteria show more zone than gram positive bacteria. The optical band gap energy
determined from absorption spectra is found to be 2.5eV. TGA analysis shows that the
thermal stability of the filled chitosan samples is higher than that of the unfilled system. 20%
increase in tensile strength was observed in the case of 5wt% nanofiller loading.

References
1) Casariego,A; Souza, B.W.S.; Cerqueira,M.A.; Teixeira,J.A.; Cruz,.L.; Diaz,R.;
Vicente,A.A. Food hydrocolloids; 2009, 23, 1895-1902.
2) Wang, S.F.; Shen,L.; Tong, Y.J.;Chen,L.; Phang,I.Y.; Lim,P.Q.; Li,T.X. Polymer
Degradation and Stability;2005, 90, 123-131.








155

P 102 Graphene Oxide/ Boron Nitride Composite Foam with
Enhanced Mechanical Stability

Soumya Vinod, Chandra Sekhar Tiwary, Pulickel M.Ajayan*
Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas,
770005, USA
Email: sv7@rice.edu

Three dimensional (3D) structures built from nanomaterials lead to exciting novel
properties due to the synergistic effect of the material and the engineered assembly thereby
finding great use in energy storage, catalysis and structural components.
1
The unique
physical properties of two dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene make them
promising building blocks in creating multifunctional 3D structures.
2
However, low
mechanical/ thermal stabilities and complex processing still remain a challenge. Here, we
have developed a low density foam from graphene oxide (GO) and hexagonal-boron nitride
(h-BN) building blocks that exhibits high mechanical and thermal stabilities compared to
conventional graphene foams. The foam was synthesized using simple solution chemistry
followed by lyophilization. The presence of h-BN aided the formation of large plates of
conjoined GO sheets stacked to form a porous 3D network (Figure 1). A significant
improvement in the mechanical properties was observed in the composite foam when
compared to pure GO foam. This unique structure when subjected to compression undergoes
bending of layers thereby preventing cracks being formed in the structure. The foam was
able to withstand a strain of 35% and maintained the stiffness at a high temperature of
300
0
C. The superior properties and scalable synthesis of GO/h-BN composite foam makes it
an attractive material for wide range of potential applications.



Figure 1. Layered structure of GO/h-BN hybrid foam




156

References
1) Tiwari, J. N.; Tiwari, R. N.; Kim, K. S.; Progress in Materials Science, 2012, 57, 724
803.
2) Butler, S. Z. et al. ACS Nano, 2017, 7, 28982926.



























157