Article 1199

Kinds of obligation according to object

1. Simple Obligation
2. Compound Obligation
a. Conjunctive Oblifation
b. Distributive Obligation
i. Alternative
Obligation
ii. Facultative
Obligation
1200
Exception/Limitation of the right of
choice of debtor
1. Impossible
2. Unlawful
3. Which could not have been the
object of the obg.
4. Only one prestation is practicable
1207
Kinds of obligation according to the
number of parties
1. Individual Obligation
2. Collective Obligation
Keywords
1. Joint Obligation
2. Solidary Obligation
There is solidary liability only when
1. The obligation expressly so
states
2. The law requires solidarity
3. The nature of obligation requires
solidarity
Kinds of solidarity
Accd. To parties bound
1. Passive solidarity
2. Active Solidarity
3. Mixed Solidarity
According to Source
1. Conventional Solidarity
2. Legal Solidarity
3. Real Solidarity
1211
Kinds of solidarity accd to legal tie
1. Uniform
2. Non- Uniform
1215
Modes that cause extinguishment of
obligation
1. Novation
2. Compensation
3. Confusion
4. Remission
1223
Keywords
1. Divisible Obligation
2. Indivisble Obligation
Kinds of Division
1. Qualitative Division
2. Quantitative Division
3. Ideal or Intellectual Division
Kinds of Indivisibility
1. Legal indivisibility
2. Conventional indivisibility
3. Natural indivisibility
1225
Obligation deemed to be indivisible
1. Obligation to give definite things
2. Obligation which are not
suspectible of partial
performance
3. Obligations provided by law to be
indivisible even if thing or service
is physically divisible
4. Obligation intended by the parties
to be indivisible even if thing or
service is physically divisible
Obligation deemed to be divisible
1. Obligation which have for their
object of a certain number of
days of work
2. Obligation w/c have for their
object the accomplishment of
work by metrical units
3. Obligation w/c by their nature are
susceptible of partial
performance
1226
Keywords
1. Principal Obligation
2. Accessory Obligation
3. Penal Clause
Kinds of Penal clause
As to origin
1. Legal penal clause
2. Conventional penal clause
As to purpose
1. Compensatory penal clause
2. Punitive penal clause
As to demandability
1. Subsidiary or Alternative penal
clause
2. Joint or Cumulative penal clause
When Creditors may recover
damages (penal caluse)
1. When so stipulated by the parties
2. When the obligor refuses to pay
the penalty in w/c case the
creditor may recover legal
interest thereon
3. When the obligor is guilty of fraud
in the fulfillment of the obligation
in w/c case the creditor may
recover damages cause by such
fraud.
1229
When the penalty may be reduced
by the court
1. When there is a partial or
irregular performance
2. When the Penalty agreed upon is
iniquitous or unconscionable