Chapter I Introduction

THESIS PROPOSAL ON DESIGNING
MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE

HIGH SCHOOL IN GEN. TRIAS, CAVITE

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Introduction
The project will try to incorporate all the necessary facilities and amenities and
shall ensure quality basic education in the region.
With the fast growing demand for a competitive job, the probability of landing to a
better job is highly uncertain. In order to meet the qualifications necessary for tertiary
level, a good foundation must be first put in the level prior. The high school proposed
here is a private nonsectarian school which provides excellent quality basic education
and integrated approach in the fields of English, mathematics, and science. The school
will be located in Cavite, the fringe of region 4 not very far from the capital region so as
to provide an easy access. A school that envisions notable alumni.
Hence, spaces programming is an essential factor in order to meet the demands
of both local and international academic standards.

Background of the study
Human Development Index (HDI) is a measure of any progress of change in
human development. It is measured by taking the average of (1) life expectancy; (2)
weighted average of functional literacy and combined elementary and secondary net
enrolment rate; and (3) real per capita income (Annex S). The HDI was advocated by
the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in 1990 to determine growth and
development over time.

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Three out of the five Calabarzon provinces are included in the top five provinces
in terms of the Human Development Index: Rizal (ranked 2nd out of 77 provinces
included in the assessment),Cavite (ranked 3rd) and Laguna (ranked 5th). Batangas
garnered an overall HDI ranking of 15, whileQuezon fared the worst with a ranking of
58.
Based from Human Development Index, we can perceived that Cavite is ready
for a High-standard educational institution like Mathematics and Science High school
that could strengthen more of their knowledge.
Furthermore, results on NAT of Calabarzon shows depressing results. The NAT
comprises if English, Filipino, Mathematics and Science. Among the four subjects,
Mathematics got the lowest percentage of passing rate with -5.41, English also got a
negative percentage having -5.29, Filipino having -3.53 and lastly Science with -3.38. In
the conducted survey on simple literacy of the population 10 years old and over by year
2000,2003 and 2008, Calabarzon got 94%( both sexes), 97%, and 98.0% respectively.
Meaning to say, that a person from the region basically knows how to read, write and
compute basic calculations.
Based on the department of education, national achievement test (nat) results of
grade VI and fourth year high school students in the region in math, English and
science. At both levels, scores obtained by students were way below the cut-off score of
75 percent which means that students are not acquiring the necessary competencies for
Math, English and Science. The poor performance of the students may be attributed to
persistent shortages of classrooms, furniture, teachers and textbooks in many public
schools. Although not reflected in regional Averages, wide disparities at the school

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levels are common. In addition to shortages, a large number of grade I enrollees did not
have early childhood education. Being ill-prepared to absorb their lessons, they are
consequently left behind. Such is carried through over the years that could explain why
the scores at the secondary level are noticeably lower than the elementary level.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The researchers seek to establish an answer to the following question:

MAIN PROBLEM:

How will mathematics and science high school develop students to being
competent in the exercise of intellectual faculties and be outstanding in the practice of
adopting in the fast changing world?
SUB-PROBLEMS:
1. What type of planning is most suitable in the location for student's, faculties' and
other user's comfort?
2. What are the general guidelines on educational facilities (high school)
development to be followed?
3. What will be the character design of the Mathematics and Science High school
that will serve as a stimulus for the spirit of learning?
4. What designs shall be integrated in order to reflect the character of the school?


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OBJECTIVE
The main objective of this proposal is
To design a Mathematics and Science High school in Gen. Trias, Cavite and
develop students to being competent in the exercise of intellectual faculties and be
outstanding in the practice of adopting in the fast growing and changing world by
providing a specific area where the students will enhance their potential with
advancement of Mathematics, Science and English subjects
Specifically, the objectives are:
to identify the planning design most suitable for the user's comfort
to built facilities necessary for Mathematics and Science high school following
guidelines

to create a character that will make the School impose the spirit of learning
through its architecture

to integrate designs the reflect the character of the school

Significance of the Study
This project will provide the youth of Cavite and neighboring provinces to attain a
higher degree of approach in education specifically in the field of Mathematics and
Science. It will enable them to pursue career towards their goals for the future. The
project proposal will serve as a foundation that will mold the youth to become competent
professionals someday.
The findings may provide for systematic description, analysis and evaluation of
the Mathematics and Science High school. Architecture students as well as faculties are

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the beneficiaries of this study. This will also serve as a variable guide and a source
material for further studies regarding the project.
Scope and Delimitation
The scopes of the projects, basically focused on the secondary level of
education. Cover up the formulation, statistics, research and design that arrives for a
productive proposal. Giving up a better production and output of the project. Supporting
data and statistics are highly considerable.

Delimitation, stated for the Secondary education level. The proposal, generated
and scoped for the high school level. Thus, the study focuses on the Architectural
approach and not with the curriculum per se.


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Introduction
In this chapter, review of related literature and studies were divided by means of
defining the project according to its purpose and then identified features affecting it as a
tectonic, analyzing the demography and using foreign and local literature for the review
of related projects.

Review of Related Literature
School Defined. Our house is considered to be our primary school. It is where
we learn to talk, walk, and some includes learning how to read and write. according to
Webster Illustrated Contemporary Dictionary (Landau,1992), A school is a building or
group of buildings in which formal instructions are given.
Science High school offers curriculum that is advanced in Mathematics and
Science. According to the Department of Science and technology, The PSHS System -
Office of the Executive Director promotes global excellence in Science
and Mathematics education by providing dynamic leadership to constituent campuses.
It sets harmonized policies that nurture innovative programs in support of the PSHS
Mission and Vision towards nation building.

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fig 1: Performance Gains in Mean Percentage Scores
Source: DepEd

Understanding Factors Affecting The Performance Of Secondary Students.
The Result on NAT of Calabarzon (D1 on fig.1) is -4.99. The NAT comprises if English,
Filipino, Mathematics and Science. Among the four subjects, Mathematics got the
lowest percentage of passing rate with -5.41, English also got a negative percentage
having -5.29, Filipino having -3.53 and lastly Science with -3.38. In the conducted
survey on simple literacy of the population 10 years old and over by year 2000,2003
and 2008, Calabarzon got 94%( both sexes), 97%, and 98.0% respectively. Meaning to
say, that a person from the region basically knows how to read, write and compute
basic calculations. Another aspect in which the region is targeting is to eliminate
gender disparity in basic education (see table 1). the probability achievement is very low
having the 2009 data of 1.13.


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Table 1: Gender Parity in Secondary Net Enrollment Rate

Table 2: Employment and Unemployment Rate

The results (see Table 2) of poverty estimates indicate that Calabarzon poverty
incidence, or the proportion of families living below the poverty threshold, slightly
increased during the plan period under review. More specifically, poverty incidence

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increased by 0.9 percent from 2006 to 2009, compared to the 0.2 percent increase
between 2003 and 2006.
Shifting to ASEAN Calendar. Philippines, being part of ASEAN, in order to
meet the standards of the fast growing nation, several notions have been organized. like
adopting k-12 program. According to Geronimo (2013), the country must ponder on as a
member-state of ASEAN a.) Policy Framework for ASEAN b.) Expansion of ASEAN
Network membership c.) Mutual Recognition of university degrees d.) Synchronization
of academic calendar e.) State asean studies f.) Student faculty mobility g.) regional
scholarship and lastly, h.) collaboration in research and extension.
Being left behind by other ASEAN Members. Philippines school must consider
ways to prepare for the possible shift. new curriculum must be fit in order for the
graduates to be competitive. Hence, Cruz (2013) claims that the idea of extending the
duration if basic education is not new. As far back as July 28, 1949, a UNESCO
Educational Commission to the Philippines released a report that included a conclusion
that 6 years of elementary school and 4 years of high school is not adequate.
Uplifting The Education Thru Technology. The Philippines legs behind the
rest if the world in mathematics and science expertise, as shown in by Filipino students
dismal access in global test like 2004 Trends in International Math and Science study.
Technology has been touted to fix education problems. Open-source codes and open
universities. Powerpoint presentation and IPads in class all make the most of
technology (Lee-Chua, 2013)

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Technology must have great influence in proving the methods of teaching in
class. Students nowadays tend to exert more attention to animated films and live
graphics than the typical chalk-board talk.
In the Recent years, two students from the Philippines Science High school won
the top prize in the regional Ozone Quiz Competition organized by UN Environment
programme (Unep) in Bangkok, Thailand. These are but most recent instances where
students from the country's foremost public high school have demonstrated that they
can stand up to the best of their peers in the world arena (Habito, 2007).

Fig 2: Methodological Stages
source: DepEd Manual

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The DepED has issued a manual of provisions in High school. It embodies
necessary information, requirements, rules and regulation, standard sizes, and the like.
A basic necessity for establishing a high school is understanding the methodological
stages in the preparation of the detailed school map (see fig. 3). Room for teaching
materials 12-15sqm, centrally positioned part of the staff area or in a multipurpose room
(Neufert, n.d.)

Review of Related Projects

fig. 3: Atrium Jussieu University
Atrium Jussieu University, Paris. "A vertical place" that groups all the movements
of the buildings. The heaviness of this concrete space is opposed to the light weight
metal of its skin (Kramer, 2010).
Modular design for better flexibility. The context of the building is very sturdy. It
manifest unfussiness and with maximum aesthetics considered.

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Fig. 4: Danube University, Krems.

Danube University, Krems. The location of the slope between the voluminous old
building and a romantic estate if villas among the vineyards presented the challenge of
connecting extremely heterogeneous contexts. Transparent ensemble of coolly self-
assured educational buildings (Kramer, 2010).
The Minimalistic walling is best suitable for cooling ambience. It also manifest
tranquility and stillness and makes the surroundings seemed quiet and peaceful. The
simplistic cube promotes intact which makes the area more spacious.

fig. 5 Open-Air school
Using spaces that are already in existence like rooftop or courtyard can be very
functional. like what architect Jun Duiker did in Open-air School ( see fig 6). The rooftop

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terrace accommodate additional class activities, overlooking the school grounds below
and surrounding urban neighborhood (Hille, 2011).
consider the importance of incorporating high performance features that can be
used for educational purposes (National Renewable Energy Laboratory. 2006, June).

Theoretical Framework

Fig. 6. Theoretical Framework
A Mathematics and Science High
School that:
has the planning design most
suitable for the user's
comfort
Has facilities necessary for
Mathematics and Science high
school following guidelines
A character that will make the
School impose the spirit of
learning through its
architecture
Has designs that reflect the
character of the school

Methodological for
school Planning
(Educational Facilities
manual)
Diagnosis
-Present Demands
Enrollment
Enrollment rate
Pupil/Student flow
Geographical
Distribution of Demand
-Existing Demands
Building Equipment
staff
curriculum
cost and financing
geographical distribution
of supply
Projections
-Future Demands
Age population
intake in the school
system
enrollment
-Future Requirements
premises and equipment
staff requirements
future curriculum
cost and financing
Architecture Related Perimeters
Transparent ensemble of coolly self-
assured educational buildings (Kramer,
2010).
Room for teaching materials 12-15sqm,
centrally positioned part of the staff area
or in a multipurpose room (neufert,n.d.)
Consider the importance of
incorporating high performance features
that can be used for educational
purposes (National Renewable Energy
Laboratory. 2006, June).


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Synthesis
By creating a high-quality education and grounds, we have the opportunity to
make real difference to young people, their families and communities (Smith, n.d.). In
order to align the status of education here in The Philippines with the standards of
education abroad, educational institutions must align the their curricula and as well as
integrate necessary facilities.
The planning and character of the building must bring encouragement to
students and by that, must possess a calm ambience and must be far from noise in
order for the students to concentrate on studying. As what National Renewable Energy
Laboratory (2006) claims to consider the importance of incorporating high performance
features.

Discussion of the Research Paradigm
As shown in fig. , as part of the inputs, several books and manuals were
considered. Basic information on the site and the demography. In the process part,
Location of the site should be well analyzed so that the target beneficiaries won't have
to consume much travel time and money, as well as their accessibility and security. The
Planning must be well studied considering factors like vehicular, pedestrian circulations
and the like. The framing of the whole school organization should be in accordance with
the level of education it offers. the number of classrooms will depend on the number if
students to be serves


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Research Paradigm

Fig. 7. Design Paradigm
Input Process Output
A. literature review on
Mathematics and
Science High school
B. General Inputs from
statistics:
a. National
Achievements
test
b. Inputs from the
management of
TESDA
c. Cohort survival
rate
C. legal law/codes and
standards on
educational facilities:
Educational facilities
manual: revised
edition of the 2007
handbook
educational facilities -
integrating risk
reduction in school
construction
D. Guidelines for design
development
a. site analysis
b. review of
related
literature and
projects.
Sub-process 1:
Literature analysis and
filtration

Sub-process 2:
Planning

Sub-process 3:
Architectural Design
Conceptualization

Sub-process 4:
Weighing of desired
population for high school
through DepEd Guidelines

Sub-process 5:
preparation of initial
Architectural Drawing
schemes

Sub-process 6:
Presentation of drawings

Conceptual Design
of a Mathematics
and Science High
school through:

A. Working
Drawings
B. Scale model

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Conceptual Framework

Fig. 8. Conceptual Framework

Rising number of
Students
plentiful open
spaces
less time and
distance of
student's travel
complete
necessary facilities
High Quality
facilities
Affordable Tuition
Fee
Intellectual
Students and
faculties
Locate the site at the core of
the City
Provide enough Open Spaces
Use proper materials and
technologies
Provide enough classrooms
Provide Drop-off for efficient
flow
Manage Safety and Security
Systems against appalling
individual
A
Mathematics
and
Science High
School

Avoid absurd
concepts an
provisions
Consider
provisions for
sustainable
Architecture
Separate
spaces
according to
function and
context

Consider Natural
Calamity

storm
earthquake
flood
etc


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Definition of Terms
ASEAN - Association of Southeast Asian Nations. is a political and economic
organization of ten countries located in Southeast Asia, which was formed on 8
August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.
Character - refers to all those visual aspects and physical features that comprise the
appearance of every historic building. Character-defining elements include the
overall shape of the building, its materials, craftsmanship, decorative details,
interior spaces and features, as well as the various aspects of its site and
environment.
Gender Parity - is a socioeconomic index usually designed to measure the relative
access to education of males and females. In its simplest form, it is calculated as
the quotient of the number of females by the number of males enrolled in a given
stage of education (primary, secondary, etc.).
Human Development Index (HDI) - A tool developed by the United Nations to measure
and rank countries' levels of social and economic development based on four
criteria: Life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of
schooling and gross national income per capita. The HDI makes it possible to
track changes in development levels over time and to compare development
levels in different countries.
Integrate - Join together

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Minimalistic - is also used to describe a trend in design and architecture wherein the
subject is reduced to its necessary elements.
Modular Design - is an approach that subdivides a system into smaller parts (modules
or skids) that can be independently created and then used in different systems to
drive multiple functionalities.
National Achievement Test - is an annual examination given to Grade sixth and tenth
students in the Philippines. The students' knowledge and mastery over the
subjects English, ,Mathematics, Science, Filipino, and Hekasi is measured using
a multiple choice type test.
Per Capita Income - Per capita income is often used as average income, a measure of
the wealth of the population of a nation, particularly in comparison to other
nations. Per capita income is often used to measure a country's standard of
living.
Philippine Science High School System - Offers specialized and advanced curriculum
in science and mathematics on a free scholarship to prepare its graduates for
careers in science and technology.
Systematic Description - using a careful system or method : done according to a
system.


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Research Design
The purpose of this study is design the project with its utmost potential of
creating and molding individual thru imposing architectural tectonics. Thus, several
methods have been implemented. The main data collection techniques used in this
research study were semi-structured interviews, ocular site inspection, group
discussion, documentation analysis and questionnaires.
Ocular site inspection and documentation to further establish the opportunities
and strength of the institute's location.
Interviews and consultations with knowledgeable professionals to ensure that the
concepts and architecture proposed will work given the current technology alongside
with documentation analysis and questionnaires with random students and faculties.
Group discussion to give fellow researcher of the ideas comments and
suggestions about the gathered information.
Research Locale
The study was conducted at Barangay Bacao, General Trias, Cavite. the site
contains an area of 50,000 SqM.


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Flowchart

Fig 9.1 Flowchart

A

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Fig 9.2 Flowchart

A

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Data Gathering Procedures
The initiation of the ocular inspection was personally conducted by the
researchers. Permission was sought from the owner of the land who gladly
accommodated the researchers. Interviews and consultations were both performed
upon ocular inspection. After analyzing the site, the researchers interrogated random
students and lastly, the researchers discussed all the information and data gathered.
Statistical Treatment
Likert Scale. Based on Rensis Likert, a scale of 1 to 5 was used todescribe the
performance of teachers in teaching TLE such as:
5 Outstanding, 4 Very Satisfactory, 3 Satisfactory, 2 Fair, 1 Needs
Improvement
Sources of Data
In preparing this project study, the researcher used descriptive type of research.
This method is the instrument to make all the sources of data visible.
first, the researcher seeks private firm or establishment and some municipal hall
in Cavite followed by getting requirements/ documents from the municipal and DepEd.
Second, the researcher had an intensive library research, using various books,
journals, theses, and the like.
lastly, the researchers conducted consultations and questions.


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Research Instrument
The researcher's main instrument is questionnaire. Before preparing the
questionnaires, the researchers gathered information from books and other sources such as
published or unpublished theses in order to gain more knowledge and insights about the
study. Several equipments were used while conducting the study like calculator, pen, paper,
camera, and meter.

Chapter I Introduction

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Chapter I Introduction

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THESIS PROPOSAL ON DESIGNING

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