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Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete -C+-
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The analvsis of section - Basis of flexural strenoth
the general stress-strain relation
in concrete for short term uniaxial
loading:
6,
=
k'q-ry'
f*
l+rf-lt"f
rr.|s*:
,_
I.o_{.9*
.ls"rl
K=-
Jm
t-
4=
---!-'
fr1
1. The representation of the stress-strain
relation in concrete, for skuctural analysis.
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Stress-straan rclations ior the desiqn of sections
2. Parabola-rectangle diagram for
concrete under compression.
3, Bi-linear stress-skain rslation
in concrete under compression
6+
fo
fa
llgf,s
gr*
"":'*|'-{'-*ij
*
t
*:t*
fur d <sr <ed
f,amaae
lffiG
Rectanqular streas distribution
3=ll's &{ fd<5SMPa
.1= EF-
fd-6$F4ff
ior 50 < fa( 9S MPa
a[rd
ry=1,o
for f*350MPa
ry*
1.s - {&#V?o0 *:( 50 < fs<
go
irFa
4. Rectangular stress diskibution
in a reinforeed concrete section
.
lhe lactor tr defines the effec.tive height of $e compressiron zone
.
the factor
4 definss tfie ffestive strength,
iut
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fffrlce
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Stress-strain relations for the dSi0h of sections
!2.
{
_F
{l
I
S.ctbr 3ll,rFl. St.l rar Stsrfiir Sti3r'
a. recbngslar-pa rahol ic dlagran
b" eq,ilivatenl rec{;angalar diegrem
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Balanced strain condition
f', t trI I
-
C..L=!
:" 4
I.l5 1ffffi
r. =
o oo'\i
.d
=e.61=
.d
-
fr {x}l{ + o oft}t
-J
M:T
lE13
for PC52 steel reinforcements
- lte *tfdl d the cxEfie cG!ffde ctftrSr&simffxrre*d*s ansimm rirln* a"o,
*inndtanean*$'witft tle teasiro -gfeel mc{ring a
lteld.
slrafu
4t = E$.
- an anx{I* of trl,*io{ ,rteel
4rp
wcedd prttr,l-de lte netbrl axit distance :6 f*r
tlri< lrdac<d
"<.hain
crodilim-
I
4t
>
4r,1.:>
x > ro mdeg
.{
"a.
l
Itfte Iaihr* {d ftL{ trm *'rflld t}r :Erddsr
g;lrm
alr ctilsttf readre# ttr .*hinin,
',
"*,
=
6.69j5 md {r bmr
p'urlil.
edri:it little ddmatjm (steel dox n& yieldl
ta sil of irmirrt ftilrtre.
4J
d
4t I
"
tte trrrsile fste i* rcdudr *a tfid intmal ft{ce e$dmlrnul
d4*ft rtrtlrnatral aiiii r ".:ra, rJ > rd.
tfui{ cr*, *itlr lfu rrfe el ha$ng yiUd. ttte lrfln \dll ha!? rlqai*dd* ddfffiqr
hr t* lte c*uutte rmdriug tft* an$dry xtrain +f S.06-l-! -
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Beams reinforcino situations
dJ _OJ*5 pft < XF *3
the ultimate dcsign momeni ifo musl be balancad by the mome$ of resisiaace of the sec{ion:
F"
=#ress'areaafactio* =
.1.t. r/.
f"a.b
F"1 -(
fry/ 2; ).
A"
z=d-sl7 w s= 2.x= 2(d-z)
z ir fhe lerer arrn hrhxes theresdisaf fftrce* F
Singly
reinforced
rctangular
section design
flow chart
$ingly
reinforc-ed
rectangular
section.
The resistance
mament
design flow
chart,
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EfgCSlC-L-the
resistance moment using the
rc5? {p-3at1Httrrl
QO2S ld= 20J1,5 =
13.3ii.l,gmm?
0.& q= 1.9
,{,
=! r$r=4erqr r4rc,r.=IJ61
=1q1
d e?lo-!!*2llw
the steel strain is:
""
="-[; -'J = t'"
[#-'J
=*]6
: qd6$
f
=
ffi
=,,t*
< E,
= 6s:urt< tr
=6r,se{;
reclangular diaqram
'--t-z:7
I tr Tt
ill I
AH
'-fri4
-
Stu*
F
llx=o
F.=e
,=3s54
'&=1s5.
{EJ![
=7'0* I ::.=: :. .
b-f.
I Er{*6
rfi,rF.a
,t,=..+6/-25+tfr4a,*
n:ffi roo=r*"
I lL
-:::ft't
|
^-"+t' ''*'
b f'
e=f =ff-m+z<{*=e?
|
a*=*'*''
"["-*J=*a{r-qs*}=
=
1.0J.o.3a7.t50"2r?o .llfi{r
-df "q,$.q}{T}=:*,Sl _
lO! rvw
Xa =2?Jii&r
Using a simplified method, r,e obtain:
ft&r-2.F.*Jd&frt
ifu
=0,8-21?-{*2.3{lO = 20,94-tO'ifir*
=
rHt
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the resistance moment using the bi-linaar diagram
S-
l-=
r.5r-!Jr,=r.Tix * t.?jx*j-fir
=
r,=esr
1,75 r
-:,
.L[#-",
* qSa{"
-:, B*
c,f,
,
fr.
A{0.5:+ c,:x - SJ- oJ.ri* rl,f{
{L?trry;-4fd * u4.1*fi-?S
'
=,419- =eo,{ffi
f,,
=.+r,2ff'r
I 5rl'0,?5.r133
.tri{
=rs,jfd{d -qs4}*0,t4"-
r,
}f.[d-4
"-?j=
=
ti0. 4o.t-!tJ{?t? - $.J.,{t:}+$J,rs{m,**+*,:} r{rz
-ne] -
lolis't}
*
=
2f.]S- ld lgrall
=
Iu$&itrcr
ffiata
re
Examole 3
-
the resistance moment using the parabola-rectangle diagram
t{& *s.1=41*
3J- x'
=
r.={I4f9r
L X.-trr
S, -f,
.r, *O.{]9_/- r,
s..1-{1 r- r--ir dt
;i
t-..
J
r, -r,
Err
-&*,9"r.
*0.5?1.r.-
n=2 tor cs$o$a!
* =;r.ij'-{'-;ej}*
f-
=15{]r'
*{
t
,.
=r- i [, -[, -r*!=:]'l*=or*'.r.
"&.
1
\
".
Jl
r=
@S
=la-+{*
' rJo.0tt0 t13l
ecul=J%
f-
--
i
4:,J gl
_ f_E_
a EcZ:'/
sr
2,a4
1
,t_ :_
ts AJ*
*{- .n6-{d
-m,:"q.qg'r.}+
*r,{a
*o.caar.}=
=
rj0,{tdl$,?d46-rUSt?-0J-o.419-?4a6} +
+0.-!8. ?{,16.[]3]-150(2t?
-S.646.
7lt.r6]
=
=
XL4! " x$'l{im * f2.{ttlltr
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Examole 4
-
under+einforced concrete seclion
PC52 frs= 3tt{lttmrre
C 20{25 t* =
2S1.5
=
13,3,i! t{ltrrrr?
f,d
=
0.9 *
3
0,9.?.$
=
6"15!4
=
6?"5 %o
Al . -
;,
=::---'- =
jl.<--rq'
o
= -j5!3-roo
=
4r ?.!&
' l.-io. ?22
, =
p5!!s
=
r,zs.
Sl..l.T
* ro.r,,,*
b..f." lJo.ltr]
l!
'lti6lf'28aw
d=25O-!*=2?:u
u=*=#=*
<<4-*&?
the sbl strain ls:
",
=,-[i -'
J
:
r'4#-'J
=*,
4y4> 6r'y8
+ the sbGl lailm appeaF befurc tlp @ncrcte rehing
r=0,8
rl
=
1.0
**
=4-
r-n*-f-[d -].1=r-cr.rso+eo.rr,*{:u -*C*qe;
a
*!.64-l0".lw=L?{lhr
i According to Ec2, tho minimum relrforccmt arca isr
li
t.
lo,'4-
o. u
.{.* =J t"
t'
0.oori-4.d
to-
=
?: lrtmP c 20f25
..
;*-"'$
{r,=t.i*}
il
ll a=rssm ll
d.222 m
fqr6
u
.190.
z, = Jilmr I
, 4-=l Us-Ja{l
l5
r.-
=ls.ln'
:
leoorr'rso.l:?=4129fr6! J
iiii
iKt
lwae
scEw
..t-
=l.4ll =98?M! ryXJ
rir
=?f+?5/?=3?,58F
d: 258- 1?J
=
f l?.54r
EX4!lp!g-L-
over-reinforced concrete eection
rcst fa= 300f{lmml
C2i25 fu= 15,33 Nlirxnz
;.
=
0.8
r!l.s
t,=-e'r =#tmt'
|"<-+d.trJl
, =
ps!I:,
= r25
g,1g
= !64.r?m
h.f* l$.t3Jl
*=i-*H=*t6?
>f*=o,?
o. <
{*
+ ttre steel is in the ebsur nnge
from the pmieciim equation:
rf -l'r-r-i:4.d,
(t
\
n.^.t.b-d-fd =4 4,.],sYcli-I j
4
.l,sK
=
70o
rith the mtationi:
ceq.A.b-d.fn
6
=
700.1-
6ults:
ld';$fi=ol
&34.10!
-{r r{64.llli -f
-S,69'l,d -0
{r+2{-?=o
-
fcrrz
I=-l+Jl+2={
\-L7rz
tl
a
:q-
^
- b. d1 -
I .r-[r -#i= r-r-{'6
-d' .&[
-etrt]=
=r.08.o,?t?.1t4.?rr.5r'
B,$t -ff.5-O,8 Q?r2I=3?J9. rd.r.rw
FFsr;4eq'";l
lha sbsl slreas is:
,
=t*.fl-,'1=
*J--t--,1= zs6.ru/ .< /.
=-:ss\'/
.
'
l== J \0.n? )
/ Fn' nDt'
--:L=:::::.={I4q
d*- SLS
t =?W'9$2 =o.d9'lOa