Column Internals

Toledo
Refinery
Site Technical Practices
EP 7-2-1

Pressure Vessel Internals
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G Shaker Heights, OH
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................... 2
2.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................... 2
3.0 DEFINITIONS ..................................................................................................................................... 3
4.0 DOCUMENTATION ............................................................................................................................ 3
5.0 MATERIALS ....................................................................................................................................... 4
6.0 MECHANICAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................... 5
6.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................................................... 5
6.2 DESIGN CALCULATIONS ............................................................................................................. 5
6.3 LOADS AND DEFLECTIONS ........................................................................................................ 6
6.4 CORROSION ALLOWANCE AND MINIMUM METAL THICKNESS ............................................ 7
6.5 SUPPORTS WELDED TO THE VESSEL (INTERNAL TOWER ATTACHMENTS) ..................... 7
6.6 BOLTED AND CLAMPED CONNECTIONS .................................................................................. 7
6.7 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LIQUID TRAYS ................................................................ 8
6.8 REQUIREMENTS FOR TRAY SUPPORT BEAMS ....................................................................... 8
7.0 FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................................................... 9
7.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................................................... 9
7.2 WELDING ....................................................................................................................................... 9
7.3 TOLERANCES ............................................................................................................................. 10
8.0 THERMOWELLS ............................................................................................................................. 10
9.0 INTERNAL PIPES AND PIPE DISTRIBUTORS ............................................................................. 10
10.0 LIQUID DISTRIBUTOR TRAYS, QUENCH AND SPLASH DECKS .............................................. 11
11.0 MIST ELIMINATORS ....................................................................................................................... 12
12.0 FOR CATALYST BEDS SUPPORT GRIDS .................................................................................... 12
13.0 SHROUDS ........................................................................................................................................ 13
14.0 OUTLET COLLECTORS ................................................................................................................. 13
15.0 CATALYST UNLOADING NOZZLE ................................................................................................ 13
16.0 SCALE TRAP BASKETS ................................................................................................................ 14
17.0 VORTEX BREAKERS ...................................................................................................................... 14
18.0 BAFFLE AND WEAR PLATES ....................................................................................................... 14
19.0 SHEDS AND SHED TROUGHS ...................................................................................................... 14
20.0 INTERNAL VESSEL FLOATS ......................................................................................................... 14
21.0 LADDERS ........................................................................................................................................ 14
22.0 FCCU INTERNALS .......................................................................................................................... 14
23.0 INSPECTION AND REJECTION ..................................................................................................... 15
23.1 INSPECTION ................................................................................................................................ 15
23.2 REJECTION ................................................................................................................................. 15
24.0 MARKING, PACKAGING, AND SHIPPING .................................................................................... 15
25.0 TABLES ........................................................................................................................................... 17
26.0 FIGURES .......................................................................................................................................... 20

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1.0 SCOPE
1.1 This Practice covers mandatory requirements governing the mechanical design, fabrication, and
inspection of internals for all pressure vessels other than fractionating towers. The process design for all
pressure vessel internals is subject to the approval of the Owners Engineer.
1.2 Process design and supplemental requirements for design, fabrication inspection, and testing of
fractionating trays and column packings supplied by tray manufacturers are covered in EP 7-2-2.
1.3 The mechanical design requirements of this Practice shall be adhered to for all internals, including
proprietary designs.
1.4 This Practice does not cover internal components for heat exchangers. Requirements for these items are
stipulated in EP 8-1-1.
1.5 An asterisk (*) indicates that a decision by the Owner or Owners Engineer is required, or that additional
information is furnished by the Purchaser.
1.6 Any deviation from this Practice must be approved by the procedure described in EP 1-1-3.
1.7 A revision bar indicates all changes made to this Revision.
2.0 REFERENCES
The latest edition of the following standards and publications are referred to herein.
STANDARDS AND PUBLICATIONS
EP 113 Deviations to Site Technical Practices
EP 711 Pressure Vessels
EP 715 Welding Requirements for Pressure Vessels
EP 716 Metal Lining and Cladding
EP 722 Fractionating Tray and Tower Packing
EP 723 FCCU Cyclones
EP 811 TEMA Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
EP 1021 Material Requirements for Aggressive Environmental Services
EP 1023 Material Hardness Requirements
AISC
Manual of Steel Construction, Eighth Edition
AISI
ColdFormed Steel Design Manual
APl Publications
Publ 941 Steels for Hydrogen Service at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures in
Refineries and Petrochemical Plants.

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STANDARDS AND PUBLICATIONS

ASME Codes
B31.3 Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping
Sec VIII Pressure Vessels, Alternative Rules, Division 2
Sec III Division 1 Subsection NH, Class 1 Components in Elevated Temperature
Service

3.0 DEFINITIONS
3.1 Aggressive Environmental Service (AES) - Process services which result in material degradation such as
cracking, scaling, blistering, and severe pitting and/or corrosion. Examples of such services are hydrogen
service, wet hydrogen sulfide, cyanides, caustic, amine, and hydrofluoric acid. AES process fluids are
defined in EP 10-2-1.
3.2 Contractor - Company or business that agrees to furnish materials or perform specified services at a
specified price and/or rate to the Owner.
3.3 Hydrogen Rich Service - A service defined as a combination of hydrogen partial pressure and
temperature at or below the curve for carbon steel per Figure 1 of API Publication 941, latest edition, and
with a hydrogen partial pressure greater than 100 psia.
3.4 Hydrogen Service - A service defined as a combination of hydrogen partial pressure and temperature
above the curve for carbon steel per Figure 1 of API Publication 941, latest edition.
3.5 Inspector - A Toledo Refinery appointed engineer or inspector.
3.6 Major Beams - Beams that are 10 feet and longer, or beams regardless of length that extend across a
vessel without interruption. All other beams shall be considered as minor beams.
3.7 Minor Beams - Beams that are not major beams.
3.8 Manufacturer - The recipient of a direct or indirect purchase order for materials and/or equipment. In this
context, a direct order is one issued to a manufacturer by a contractor or the Owner. An indirect order is
one issued to a manufacturer by a vendor (recipient of a direct order) for materials, fabricated
components, or subassemblies.
3.9 Owner - The Toledo Refinery.
3.10 Owners Engineer - A Toledo Refinery appointed engineer.
3.11 Purchaser - The party placing a direct purchase order. The purchaser is the Owners designated
representative.
4.0 DOCUMENTATION
4.1 The manufacturers shop detail drawings shall show all fabrication details and the following data:
1) Design temperature and all assumed design loads.
2) Extent of ultrasonic, radiography, magneticparticle inspection, or other nondestructive tests.
3) Stress relieving and special welding procedures.
4) All material specifications including bolting and gaskets.
5) Actual corrosion allowance for all internals (i.e., total new metal thickness minus thickness
required for strength).
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6) Location and fabrication details for all internals, including all tray details and method of sealing to
shell.
7) Details of all vents required for hydrogen service.
8) All necessary instructions and piece numbers for all parts to facilitate shop or field installation.
4.2 Additional drawing requirements for fractionating trays and column packing are stipulated in EP 7-2-2.
4.3 (*)Two copies of design calculations made by the Manufacturer shall be furnished with or prior to
submission of prints for approval. All structural design calculations for trays and internal supports shall be
included. Where calculations are made on a computer, all input data, assumptions, summary of results
and all output data description shall be furnished. Additionally, this information is subject to the approval
of the Owners Engineer.
4.4 After final approval of drawings, the manufacturer shall supply the following certified data.
1) Certified drawings containing all information required by paragraph 4.1.
2) (*)Data reports executed in accordance with the applicable code shall be supplied to the Owners
Engineer.
5.0 MATERIALS
5.1 Acceptable grades and specifications of materials for construction of pressure vessel internals are shown
in Table 1.
5.2 (*)Internals shall be of the same material as the interior surface of the vessel shell unless otherwise
specified by the Owners Engineer.
5.3 (*)Additional requirements for materials, welding control, hardness limits, and heat treatment will be
specified by the Owners Engineer for internals subject to Aggressive Environmental Service.
5.4 The Manufacturers proposal to use alternative materials to those specified shall be submitted for
approval to the Owners Engineer.
5.5 (*)When materials are not specified, the Manufacturers proposals shall be submitted for approval by the
Owners Engineer.
5.6 Free machining grades of steel are not permitted, except that AISI Type 416 nuts furnished to A 194, Gr
6F with Selenium are acceptable for use with ASTM A193 B6 bolts.
5.7 Bolting material shall conform to the following requirements:
1) All bolting for internals shall be a minimum of 3/8inch diameter. Bolts shall have heavy hex
heads and nuts.
2) All bolting hardware shall be the same type of material as the internals that they are connecting
or which are being connected to support members. However, 12 Cr shall be used for unlined
carbon steel vessels (with carbon steel internals) when the specified corrosion allowance for the
shell is greater than 1/8 inch.
3) Bolting hardware for tray manways shall be of noncorrosive material to facilitate opening for
inspection and maintenance.
4) Bolting, both studs and nuts, shall be marked to permit positive identification of the material.
5.8 (*)Material for thermowells shall be per EP 7-1-1 and will be specified by Owners Engineer. The wall
thickness of thermowells shall include a corrosion allowance compatible with the corrosion allowance for
the vessel shell.
5.9 Gasket and Packing materials shall conform to the following requirements:
1) Gasketing, when required, shall be nonasbestos tape products as Amatex Style G36P752,
Southern Textile Style 300 or equal.
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2) Rope packing, when required, shall be nonasbestos rope products as Amatex Style 1 0786G
rope, Southern Textile Style 500 rope or equal.
3) Listing tape and washers shall be 1/1 6 inch thick.
5.10 In addition to the required quantity of tray hardware (bolts, nuts, washers, clamps, etc.) for installation, the
supplementary materials required by Table 3 shall be furnished.
5.11 (*)Materials for screens and tiewires shall be specified by the Owners Engineer.
6.0 MECHANICAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
6.1 General
6.1.1 Vessel internals which result in an increase to the total vessel height shall be designed for a
minimum height. In addition, similar parts shall be interchangeable where possible.
6.1.2 The design of all vessel internals shall be such that all parts can be removed through the vessel
manways. The design shall make allowance for the removal of internals through tray manways, from
locations remote from vessel manways. The exception is for approved sections sealwelded inside
the vessel.
6.1.3 All internals, except shrouds, shall be removable with vertical thermowells in place, and shall be
designed to pass through the nearest manhole above their level.
6.1.4 All removable internals shall be designed to permit installation and removal from the top side.
6.1.5 Screens shall be attached on top of grids and catalyst support hardware to prevent inert fillers and
catalyst from:
1) Falling through holes or slot openings.
2) Blocking clearances in support hardware that are required for thermal expansion.
6.1.6 In vessels to be used in Hydrogen Service or Hydrogen Rich Service, all dead spaces or voids, such
as the annulus between fillet welds on slipon flanges, preferably shall be avoided. If such voids are
unavoidable, they shall be vented with a 1/8inch diameter vent hole to prevent hydrogen pressure
buildup.
6.1.7 (*)If a refractory lining is required, sufficient details will be furnished by Owners Engineer to permit
design of the shroud or other internal components.
6.1.8 The design of internal fittings shall ensure that they will not be subject to loosening by vibration; for
example, thin baffle plates shall be welded by means of a continuous fillet weld on both sides of the
baffle.
6.1.9 (*)Tray support rings, downcomer clamping bars, and all other vessel attachments required for tray
installation shall be designed by the tray manufacturer. They shall be furnished and installed by the
vessel fabricator unless otherwise specified by the Owners Engineer. The vessel manufacturer shall
also install the tray and cap assemblies according to the tray Manufacturers drawings.
6.2 Design Calculations
6.2.1 Internals with a structural frame type configuration with design temperatures below the creep regime
for the material in question shall be designed in accordance with the AlSC Manual of Steel
Construction or the AISI ColdFormed Steel Design Manual, whichever is applicable. The design
shall be based on corroded thickness at the design temperature. The yield strength and modulus of
elasticity used for design shall be as specified in ASME Code Section VIII, Division 2 at the design
temperature.
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6.2.2 Beam lateral stability and web crippling shall be checked per the AlSC Specifications. In addition,
Part 2 of Part 5 (Plastics Design) of the AlSC Specification shall not be used to design internals
unless approved by Owners Engineer.
6.2.3 (*)Internal components comprised of plate and/or shell type construction which are outside of the
scope of the standards listed in paragraph 6.2.1 shall be designed as follows. For designs in the
creep regime, the proposed design procedures based on cyclic operation and component criticality
shall be submitted to the Owners Engineer for review and approval prior to commencement of
design.
1) Design temperatures below the creep regime - design procedures shall be in accordance with
Appendix 4 and Appendix 5 of the ASME Code, Section VIII, Division 2. Allowable stress values
shall be per this code.
2) Design temperatures in the creep regime (allowable stresses per ASME Code, Section VIII,
Division 2 are not listed), predominantly noncyclic operation and noncritical components - design
procedures shall be in accordance with Appendix 4 and Appendix 5 of the ASME Code, Section
VIII, Division 2. Allowable stress values shall be per ASME B31.3.
3) Design temperatures in the creep regime (allowable stresses per ASME Code Section VIII,
Division 2 are not listed), cyclic operation or critical components - design procedures shall be in
accordance with the ASME Code, Section III - Division 1, Subsection NH.
6.2.4 All internals fabricated from pipe at all temperatures shall be designed in accordance with ASME
B31.3.
6.3 Loads and Deflections
6.3.1 Vessel internals shall be designed for the total dead and live loads which they must carry. The
design load shall include the weight of catalyst or packing elements plus the weight of the process
fluid when the section is operating in the fully flooded regime. The effects of eccentricallyapplied
loads producing torsion in the beams must be considered.
6.3.2 Support members as defined in Table 2 shall be designed for a concentrated live load of 330 pounds
at any point based on the allowable stress at 100F. This design shall be based on the corroded
thickness of the support members; that is, the total thickness less the corrosion allowance. For
internals subject to the fluid service on both sides, the design shall be based on the total thickness
less twice the corrosion allowance. For maintenance loads, stresses in the tray need not be
considered.
6.3.3 Trays shall have a maximum deflection from the horizontal of 1/900 times the diameter at maximum
operating temperature and under a uniform loading equivalent to a water level 2 inches above the
top edge of the overflow weir.
6.3.4 Accumulator trays shall be able to withstand a liquid load equivalent to the tray being covered with
water to the height of the chimneys.
6.3.5 If internal feed pipes, distributors of other internals are to be supported by the tray, the manufacturer
shall be notified and shall make proper allowance in the tray design to accommodate the additional
load. It is preferred, where possible, that such internals be supported from the vessel shell.
6.3.6 The design of all internals shall take into account all stresses which may arise due to transient
temperature/pressure conditions, postweld heat treatment conditions, and loads due to hydraulic test
conditions.
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6.4 Corrosion Allowance and Minimum Metal Thickness
6.4.1 The corrosion allowance shall be added (on each wetted surface) to the calculated thickness of all
tower attachments and to the throat dimensions of welds attaching such parts to the vessel unless
such parts are made of corrosion resistant material.
6.4.2 A minimum corrosion allowance of 1/16 inch shall be applied to all surfaces of carbon steel trusses
and beams.
6.4.3 A minimum corrosion allowance of 1/16 inch shall be added to the thickness of carbon steel trays.
6.4.4 No corrosion allowance shall be provided for alloy parts (beams, trusses, tray decks, etc.) unless
specified.
6.4.5 The minimum fabricated thickness, including corrosion allowance, shall be as shown in Table 2.
6.4.6 The minimum Thickness of Tower Packing shall be as shown in Table 4.
6.5 Supports Welded to the Vessel (Internal Tower Attachments)
6.5.1 Supports to be welded to the vessel shall be designed such that all localized stresses comply with
the applicable ASME Code.
6.5.2 Support rings, downcomer clamping bars and all other attachments required for installation of
fractionating trays shall be designed by the tray manufacturer. The attachments designed by the tray
manufacturer shall be fabricated and installed by the vessel Manufacturer unless specifically ordered
otherwise.
6.5.3 (*)The drawings of the support rings, downcomer clamping bars and other attachments made by the
manufacturer shall be submitted to the vessel Manufacturer and the Owners Engineer for review
and approval. Tray or other internals drawings shall not be considered to be approved until such
review has been completed and approval confirmed in writing.
6.5.4 Support rings for vessels 15 feet in diameter and larger shall be provided with gusset braces on no
less than 3 foot centers in order to maintain level support rings. Smaller vessels shall have gusset
braces beneath the tray support rings if, in the opinion of the Manufacturer, they are required.
6.5.5 Support rings, downcomer bolting bars, internal clips and brackets, etc. shall be the same material
as the vessel in unlined vessels and the same material as the vessel lining in clad vessels unless
otherwise noted on the vessel design drawings.
6.5.6 When the tray support ring material differs from the shell material, the effects of differential thermal
expansions shall be checked by the manufacturer. In the event of excessive thermal stress, the tray
support rings shall be slotted and reinforced as necessary.
6.5.7 The minimum width of support rings shall be as shown in Table 5.
6.6 Bolted and Clamped Connections
6.6.1 Connections shall be designed in accordance with the AISC Manual of Steel Construction or the AISI
Cold Formed Steel Design Manual, whichever is applicable.
6.6.2 Adequate clearances (slotted holes) shall be provided at bolted connections which must
accommodate thermal expansion.
6.6.3 Joints between the tray deck and the support ring shall be clamp type with through bolting;
threaded extruded holes in clamps shall not be used. The clamped joint shall allow for thermal
expansion at all temperatures from ambient to design temperature.
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6.6.4 Support member connections, and the top piece of the downcomertoboltingbar joints shall be
through bolted joints.
6.6.5 Wedge type tray and bubble cap hold downs are not permissible.
6.6.6 The number of different bolt diameters utilized in the construction of internals shall be minimized for
each vessel. When more than one bolt diameter is used, the bolts shall be paint marked for easy
identification of bolt diameter.
6.6.7 The maximum centertocenter spacing of clamps or bolts shall be 6 inches, whether or not
gasketing or packing is used.
6.7 Additional Requirements for Liquid Trays
6.7.1 The weight of the individual parts of components which are normally disassembled such as tray
decks, downcomers, distributor piping, baffles, minor beams, etc. shall not exceed 65 pounds
(including attached vaporliquid contacting devices). The weight of tray manways shall not exceed
50 pounds.
6.7.2 Tray, weir and downcomer joints shall be bolted or clamped tight. Joints of sections with a total
thickness of 3/16 inch or less shall be overlapped to insure tightness.
6.7.3 Like parts shall have the same tolerances and shall be interchangeable. Symmetrical layouts shall
be used, where possible, to reduce the number of different parts.
6.7.4 Tray details, including tray support beams, shall be designed to suit the size of the vessel, operating
loads and operating temperatures. All trays shall safely support the loads necessary for installation
and maintenance of the column internals as well as process and mechanical roads indicated on
vessel drawings or rating calculations or as defined in Section 5.3.
6.7.5 (*)Where liquid tightness is required for specific vessel internals such as draw pans, draw trays,
distributor pans, seal pans, etc., the contractor or tray manufacturer shall submit their proposed
design to Owners Engineer for approval. No internal requiring liquid tightness shall be ordered
without prior written approval by Owners Engineer. The general design concept for these internals
shall be included with any quotation.
6.7.6 Seal welding of the tray or pan deck to the tray ring or vessel is not acceptable except at the point
where there is an external draw nozzle for the tray or where differential expansion and stress
analysis has shown no problem. Seal welding of the deck sections of a tray is permitted.
6.7.7 The minimum liquid flow path between the downcomer escape and the overflow weir shall be 18
inches.
6.7.8 Where threaded tray clamps extend up through tray floors, screwdriver slots shall be provided in the
tops to permit positioning during tightening.
6.7.9 Tray assemblies shall be designed to accommodate a column outofroundness of 1% of column
internal diameter.
6.8 Requirements for Tray Support Beams
6.8.1 Major beams shall be installed parallel to the direction of liquid flow on the tray below the beam.
6.8.2 Major beams shall not be supported by or attached to downcomer panels.
6.8.3 Beams extending completely across a vessel shall not be welded in place. Provision for thermal
expansion, between the vessel shell and the beam, shall be made at the point of attachment at the
shell. All major beams shall be restrained against vertical and horizontal movement which may occur
during process upsets.
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6.8.4 Methods of attachment which rely on indirect fastenings are not acceptable.
6.8.5 Minor beams installed perpendicular to the direction of liquid flow shall have a depth no greater than
25% of the tray spacing.
6.8.6 Beams installed parallel to the direction of liquid flow shall be a minimum of 6 inches or overflow weir
height plus overflow weir liquid crest, whichever is greater, above the tray deck.
6.8.7 The distance between the upper edge of an accumulator tray riser cap and the underside of tray or
packing support shall be at least 14 inches.
6.8.8 The manufacturer shall ensure that the structural members above the riser caps of accumulator trays
do not obstruct the flow of vapor from the risers. Such members shall be orientated so that they are
parallel to, and whenever possible, immediately above the riser caps.
6.8.9 Orifices shall be provided in the webs of the beams to promote crossflow.
7.0 FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS
7.1 General
7.1.1 To facilitate rapid assembly, all internals shall be marked to correspond with the markings provided
on assembly drawings.
7.1.2 Nonleaded paint shall be used for marking.
7.1.3 The surface finish of all internals shall be in accordance with the following requirements.
1) Surfaces of fabricated parts shall be smooth and free of dents, hammer marks, kinks and other
defects, particularly in locations which might prevent close metaltometal fit.
2) Edges of all surfaces shall be free of burrs.
3) Edges of tray accessways shall be beveled or rounded for safety.
4) All welds shall be smooth and free from slag and splatter.
7.2 Welding
7.2.1 Weld design, welding procedures and heat treatment requirements shall be in accordance with EP 7-
1-5
7.2.2 All internals other than tray support rings and downcomers welded to the vessel shall be attached
with fullpenetration welds. Tray support rings and downcomers shall be attached to the shell with a
continuous full fillet weld on the top side and a seal weld or continuous full fillet (if required for
strength) on the under side; stitch welding is not permitted. However, for vessels in Hydrogen
Service or Hydrogen Rich Service, tray support rings shall be attached to the shell using a full
penetration weld.
7.2.3 (*)Attachment details for internals welded to strip lined, clad or overlayed vessels shall be per EP 7-
1-6.
7.2.4 (*)For items that cannot be completely shop fabricated, the manufacturer shall submit for approval by
Owners Engineer design drawings clearly designating field welds, postweld heat treatment, and
nondestructive testing required.
7.2.5 When possible, attachments to vessel wall shall be located to avoid conflicts with weld seams.
7.2.6 The postweld heat treatment sequence for vessels with welded internal attachments shall be as
specified in EP 7-1-1.
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7.3 Tolerances
Fabrication tolerances for pressure vessel internals shall be in accordance with Figure 1.
8.0 THERMOWELLS
8.1 Thermowells shall be designed to resist collapse due to external pressure, or other loads, in the fully
corroded condition.
8.2 The clearance between thermowell and thermowell nozzle shall be minimized.
8.3 Side entering thermowells shall be structurally supported within the vessel.
8.4 (*)Expansion guides, per Figure 2 , shall be provided for all vertical thermowell installations. The thermal
expansion clearance (C
T
) will be specified by the Owners Engineer.
8.5 (*)Tray guides, per Figure 3 , shall be provided to minimize liquid leakage at points where thermowells
pass through trays. The highest liquid level (HLL) will be specified by the Owners Engineer.
8.6 (*)Openings to permit thermowells to pass through other internals shall be sealed; the design of seals
shall be approved by Owners Engineer.
8.7 (*)Unless otherwise specified, secondary seal thermowells per Figure 4 and Figure 5 shall be used with
all fixed bed reactors. Alternative secondary seal thermowell designs require approval of the Owners
Engineer.
8.7.1 In the Figure 4 design, the thermowell shall be designed for maximum external and internal pressure.
Twice the specified vessel corrosion allowance shall be applied to the wall thickness of the
thermowell.
8.7.2 In the Figure 5 design, the individual thermowells shall be designed for maximum external pressure
and the external chamber is designed for maximum internal pressure. The specified vessel corrosion
allowance shall be applied to the wall thickness of the thermowell and the wall thicknesses of the
external chamber components.
8.7.3 For stainless steel thermowells, a bimetallic weld is required between the thermowell and the
thermowell flange. Alternatively, the thermowell flange can be specified as stainless steel and a
bimetallic bolted joint can be utilized. The choice of one of these alternatives is subject to the
approval of the Owners Engineer.
8.7.4 The silver solder joint between the thermocouple and seal plate of the design shown in Figure 4 is to
be used when thermocouple spacing is inadequate to permit utilization of pressure tight threaded
fittings. The soldered joint is acceptable for temperatures up to 650F. A welded joint is acceptable if
the weld procedure ensures that burnthrough of the thin walled thermocouple can be prevented
during welding and that the thermocouple will not be damaged during welding.
9.0 INTERNAL PIPES AND PIPE DISTRIBUTORS
9.1 Internal piping shall be the same nominal alloy as the inside surface of the vessel. Thickness
requirements for piping are covered in Table 2.
9.2 (*)Internal flanges shall be ASME/ANSI Class 150 weld neck or slipon type unless otherwise specified
by the Owners Engineer. Designs for internal flanges fabricated from plate material are subject to the
approval of the Owners Engineer. Internal flanges shall be of a compatible metallurgy with the material
specified for the internal pipe. Internal flange bolting shall be securely tightened, and the bolt heads and
nuts shall be tack welded to prevent loosening.
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9.3 When an internal distributor or sparger is of the bayonet type, the external flange shall be marked in
such a manner that the position of the slots or holes will be known from the outside of the vessel.
9.4 (*)Tray guides per Figure 10 shall be provided to minimize liquid leakage at points where internal pipes
pass through trays. The highest liquid level (HLL) shall be specified by the Owners Engineer.
9.5 Openings to permit internal pipes to pass through other internals shall be sealed; the design of seals shall
be approved by Owners Engineer.
10.0 LIQUID DISTRIBUTOR TRAYS, QUENCH AND SPLASH DECKS
10.1 The nominal diameter of trays, decks, and grids shall be determined to the nearest 1/4 inch per the
following:
Diameter = Vessel ID - [1% Vessel ID + 3/4 inch]
10.2 A minimum of 3/4 inch overlap under the most adverse operating conditions shall be provided between
the support ring and the OD of trays, decks, and grids.
10.3 Bolt hole spacing around the edge of tray, deck, or grid sections shall not exceed 6 inches.
10.4 Access through grids, decks, and trays shall be provided either by split construction or by use of
manways, as follows:
1) Internal manways shall provide a minimum rectangular opening of 15 x 18 inches except as
provided in subparagraph 2 below.
2) Access through liquid distributor trays shall be at least 2 feet wide, and of sufficient length to
permit catalyst leveling and arrangement of the inert ball layer at the top of each bed by a man
lying on the tray; a maximum reach of 3 feet from the edge of any opening may be assumed for
design purposes to meet this requirement.
10.5 (*)Accesses and internal manways at all levels shall be vertically aligned unless otherwise specified by
the Owners Engineer.
10.6 Tray or deck areas blanked by supporting members shall not exceed 3 inches in width for minor beams
and support rings, and 8 inches in width for major beams.
10.7 For trays or decks requiring liquid drainage, drain holes of 1/2 inch diameter shall be provided as shown
in Table 6.
10.8 Holes in perforated trays shall be punched in the direction of flow.
10.9 Requirements for support beams of liquid distributor trays, quench decks and splash decks shall conform
to the following:
1) The maximum depth of solid beam (not open truss type) tray and baffle supports perpendicular
to the liquid flow on the tray below shall not exceed:
21/2 inches for tray spacing of 18 inches.
20% of the vertical tray spacing for trays spacing greater than 18 inches.
2) Designs which utilize support beams integral with deck plates are preferred.
3) (*)Support beams or trusses may be cambered subject to the approval of the Owners Engineer.
Camber shall not exceed the deflection due to dead load and shall be shown on the
manufacturers drawings.
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11.0 MIST ELIMINATORS
11.1 (*)Wire mesh mist eliminators shall be of the sandwich type consisting of entrainment mesh, retained
between welded grid supports as shown in Figure 12. The sandwich shall be held together by corrosion
resistant wires, or the grid supports shall be held apart by spacer rods passing through the mesh, or by
formed straps welded to the top and bottom grids, or spacer bolts as specified by Owners Engineer.
Materials for the supports, rods, straps, or bolts shall be at least equivalent in terms of corrosion
resistance to the other vessel internals. Support and holddown grids shall have maximumsized
openings of 6 inches x 12 inches. Spacer rods shall be 1/4 inch diameter and located on a maximum
spacing of 12 inches.
11.2 (*)Unless other specified by the Owners Engineer, the mesh for mist eliminators shall be 6 inches thick
and knitted from 0.012 0.002 inch diameter wire. Material shall be AISI Type 304 stainless steel, Monel
or Inconel 600. Mesh weight shall be 5 to 10 pounds per cubic foot. Proposals to use plastic mesh (e.g.,
polypropylene or polyethylene) shall be submitted to Purchaser for approval by Owners Engineer.
11.3 (*)The screen assembly shall be attached to the support beams at a minimum of four (4) points per panel
with 1/2 inch minimum diameter Jbolts with locknuts. Other methods of attachment must be approved by
the Owners Engineer.
11.4 (*)Other types of mist eliminators are chevron style, fiber bed, structured packing. Specific application of
mist eliminators other than wire mesh must be approved by the Owners Engineer.
11.5 (*)For vessel support and mist eliminator grid design, a pressure drop of 0.5 psi shall be used unless
otherwise specified by the Owners Engineer.
12.0 FOR CATALYST BEDS SUPPORT GRIDS
12.1 (*)Unless otherwise specified by the Owners Engineer, bed support beams and grids shall have a
minimum open area of 65 percent. The largest clearance for openings that can have direct contact with
the inert balls shall not exceed 70 percent of the diameter of the balls. The clear dimension of support grid
openings in at least one direction shall be no greater than 11/2 inches.
12.2 (*)Unless otherwise specified by the Owners Engineer, bed support grids for catalyst beds shall be
covered by two layers of AISI Type 321 Stainless Steel 3mesh, 0.054 inch wire diameter screen,
followed by one layer of AISI Type 321 Stainless Steel 8mesh, 0.028 inch wire screen. All three layers of
screen shall extend a minimum distance of 3 inches up the web section of the support beams and the
vessel shell. Screen installation shall be: first layer, 3mesh screen; second layer, 3mesh screen; and
third layer (top), 8mesh screen.
12.3 (*)Profile wire screen meeting the following requirements may be proposed as an alternative to
conventional support grid and wire screen construction. Mechanical designs using profile wire screen
shall be submitted for approval by the Owners Engineer.
1) It shall have a nominal gap between wires equal to onehalf the least dimension of the catalyst
and a minimum gap of 1/32 inch.
2) It shall provide a minimum open area of 20 percent.
12.4 Design requirements for grid support beams shall conform to the following.
1) Grid support beams shall be fabricated T sections with the flanges downward and webs
intruding into the catalyst bed. The beam flanges shall be used to support bed grids and
screens.
2) Support beams shall be bolted to set pads or clips using slotted oversize holes to permit thermal
expansion. Nuts shall be installed handtight, with provisions to prevent subsequent loosening.
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13.0 SHROUDS
13.1 (*)Shroud designs, and the attachment detail to the vessel shall be submitted to Purchaser for approval
by Owners Engineer and shall conform to the following criteria.
1) The shroudtohead or shroudtoshell connection shall be designed to minimize stresses
resulting from differential thermal expansion.
2) Shrouds shall be continuously welded.
3) Holes in shrouds are not permitted.
13.2 Provision must be made to purge gas from the space between the vessel lining and the back of the
shroud.
13.3 (*)When castable lining is used, the shroud (except the support ring) shall be installed after castable
dryout has been completed and accepted by Owners Engineer.
13.4 Shroud joints shall be fullpenetration buttwelded using backing strips, except that orangepeel joints
of shroud in bottom heads may be lap welded.
14.0 OUTLET COLLECTORS
14.1 (*)Outlet collector construction shall be one of the following types. All outlet collector designs shall be
submitted for approval by Owners Engineer.
1) The design shown in Figure 6. In this design, the web between slots shall be analyzed for both
top and side loadings.
2) (*)A design which utilizes profile wire screen which has a nominal gap equal to onehalf the least
dimension of the catalyst and a minimum gap of 1/32 inch. The minimum open area will be
specified for the individual application. Mechanical designs using this construction shall be
submitted to the Owners Engineer for approval.
3) (*)A design made from perforated pipe components with a wire mesh screen. Mechanical
designs using this construction shall be submitted to the Owners Engineer for approval.
14.2 (*)The design pressures acting on outlet collectors shall be specified by the Owners Engineer. The
design pressure shall be established by considering the dead weight loading of the catalyst and a
differential pressure drop. This pressure drop shall include effects of increased pressure drop associated
with catalyst plugging of the outlet collector screen.
14.3 (*)All outlet collector design shall be analyzed for structural stability. A factor of safety of 3.0 shall be used
in the design. Structural stability or buckling calculations are subject to the approval of the Owners
Engineer.
15.0 CATALYST UNLOADING NOZZLE
15.1 (*)Unless otherwise specified by the Owners Engineer, catalyst unloading nozzles shall be provided for
all fixed bed reactors.
15.2 (*)The design of the catalyst unloading nozzle and the catalyst dump tool which facilitates catalyst
unloading, shall be in accordance with Figure 7A, Figure 7B and Figure 7C. Alternative designs for
catalyst unloading nozzles are subject to the approval of the Owners Engineer.
15.3 Catalyst unloading nozzle shall be packed with mineral wool fiber prior to catalyst loading. The mineral
wool fiber shall extend to the outside surface of the catalyst bed.
15.4 Catalyst unloading nozzles shall not be externally insulated.
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16.0 SCALE TRAP BASKETS
16.1 (*)Unless otherwise specified by the Owners Engineer, scale trap baskets shall be in accordance with the
designs shown in Figure 8A and Figure 8B.
16.2 Scale trap baskets may be used individually or clustered together to facilitate catalyst loading.
17.0 VORTEX BREAKERS
17.1 The design of vortex breakers shall be in accordance with Figure 9A and Figure 9B.
17.2 (*)Alternative designs for vortex breakers are subject to the approval of the Owners Engineer.
18.0 BAFFLE AND WEAR PLATES
18.1 (*)Designs for baffle and wear plates to be used with tangential nozzles for atmospheric and vacuum
pipestill columns shall be submitted to the Owners Engineer for approval.
18.2 Baffle plate and wear plate material shall be of the same nominal composition as the interior shell
surface.
19.0 SHEDS AND SHED TROUGHS
19.1 Sheds and shed troughs shall have their unsupported edges stiffened by an integral or bolted member as
shown in Figure 10. This stiffening member shall be throughbolted to vessel shell clips or other
supporting members with sufficient clearance for thermal expansion. Hold down clamps in lieu of
throughbolting are not permitted for sheds or shed troughs.
19.2 (*)Alternative designs for sheds and shed troughs are subject to the approval of the Owners Engineer.
20.0 INTERNAL VESSEL FLOATS
20.1 In vessels equipped with an internal float of any kind, each connection at the bottom of the vessel shall be
protected with a guard designed to prevent a loose float from lodging over the nozzle opening.
20.2 (*)Details for internal vessel floats shall be submitted to the Owners Engineer for approval.
21.0 LADDERS
21.1 (*)Fixed internal ladders and grab bars shall be provided when specified by the Owners Engineer, in
accordance with details shown in Figure 11A, Figure 11B, and Figure 11C. All ladders shall be 17 inches
wide, with rungs on 12-inch spacing.
21.2 (*)Alternative ladder designs are subject to the approval of the Owners Engineer.
21.3 The Manufacturer shall verify that the design and location of all ladders satisfy OSHA requirements for
safe vessel entry.
21.4 Ladder design loads shall be in accordance with paragraph 6.3.2.
22.0 FCCU INTERNALS
22.1 Design requirements for FCCU reactor and regenerator cyclones are described in EP 723.
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22.2 (*)The design for plenum chambers, air distributor pipes or grids, risers, and cyclone systems shall be
submitted for approval to the Owners Engineer. A load histogram describing pressure and temperature
cycles for the startup, normal operating, and upset conditions shall be developed by the Owners
Engineer and included in all design specifications for FCCU internals.
22.3 The design stress basis for all FCCU internals shall be in accordance with the ASME Code, Section III -
Division 1, Subsection NH.
23.0 INSPECTION AND REJECTION
23.1 Inspection
23.1.1 All materials, fabrication, and packaging shall be subject to inspection by the Purchaser during all
stages of manufacture.
23.1.2 All shop drawings shall be available to the inspector at the time of inspection.
23.1.3 One tray, grid, and deck of each diameter and type shall be assembled in the vessel at the
fabricators shop to the extent necessary to verify fitup.
23.1.4 The shroud support ringtoreactor head or shell welds shall be 100 percent examined by the
magnetic particle method from both sides of the shroud prior to vessel post weld heat treatment
(PWHT). After PWHT, the welds shall be 100 percent ultrasonically examined from the outside
surface of the reactor head or shell.
23.1.5 Shroud joints shall be 100 percent examined by liquid penetrant; test fluids shall be chloride free. In
addition, all shroud welds shall be vacuum box tested.
23.1.6 Magnetic particle, Ultrasonic, and Liquid Penetrant examination and acceptance criteria shall be per
EP 7-1-1.
23.1.7 Material hardness shall be per EP 10-2-3.
23.2 Rejection
Materials containing defects, completed trays and parts of trays or vessel internals having improper fabrication
or excessive repairs, or components that are not in complete compliance with the requirements of the
Purchase Order will be rejected. Compliance with the Purchase Order will be determined by the Inspector.
24.0 MARKING, PACKAGING, AND SHIPPING
24.1 Marking for pressure vessel internal components shall conform to the following requirements.
1) Each tray part shall be piecemarked for identification during assembly. Like pieces shall have
the same piece mark.
2) Bolting shall be marked in accordance with Paragraph 5.7.4.
3) Paint for marking ferritic, austenitic, and high nickel alloy parts shall not contain substances (e.g.,
metallic pigments, sulfur, or chlorides) which could be harmful to the materials at ambient or
elevated temperatures.
24.2 Packaging and Shipping for pressure vessel internal components shall conform to the following
requirements.
1) The component manufacturer shall be responsible for suitably packaging all parts to protect
them from damage or loss during handling and shipment and to meet any special requirements
or storage conditions specified in the Inquiry.
2) All parts shall be clear of debris, thoroughly clean, and free of any dirt and foreign matter before
preparation for shipment.
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3) All carbon steel and low alloy parts shall be coated with a light coat of oil or an easily removable
nonsulfur, nonarsenicbearing rust preventatives.
4) (*)Austenitic stainless steel equipment and components shall never be exposed to wetting by
salt water or salt spray. Protective coatings or coverings used to prevent such exposure shall be
approved by the Owners Engineer.
5) All packaging and protective material shall maintain its integrity and perform its intended function
through all phases of handling, transport, and storage.
6) Each package or crate shall be durably marked with the receiving address, Purchase Order
Number and the vessel item number in which the trays are to be installed.
7) Package markings shall be in the English language.
8) Internal parts for different vessels shall not be intermixed in the same package.
9) Small parts such as bolts, nuts, clamps, washers, and gaskets shall be placed in separate
waterproof containers and properly identified in accordance with Paragraph 24.2.6. Different
types of bolting material shall not be placed in the same container.
10) The Manufacturer shall provide any special protection or packaging and details of any storage or
maintenance instructions which are not within the scope of the Purchase Order, but which
pertain to the Manufacturers guarantee or warranty.
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25.0 TABLES
TABLE 1
MATERIALS FOR INTERNALS
Material ASTM Material Specifications

Plate Sheet Strip Bars Bolts & Nuts Pipe
Carbon Steel A36, A283,
A285, A516
A414, A569 A570 A675 A307 Gr B A106 Gr B
11/4 Cr
1/2 Mo,
21/4 Cr1
Mo,
5Cr1/2 Mo
A387
Grades 11,
22,5
(1) (1) (1) (1)
A335
Grades
P11, P22,
P5
12 Cr
(2)
A176, A240
Types
410, 410S
A176, A240
Types
410, 410S
A176, A240
Types
410, 410S
A276
Type
410
A193 Gr B6 &
A194 Gr 6

Austenitic
Stainless
Steel
(3)
A167, A240
Types 304,
304L, 340H
316, 316L,
321, 347
A167, A240
Types 304,
304L, 340H
316, 316L,
321, 347
A167, A240
Types 304,
304L, 340H
316, 316L,
321, 347
A276
Types 304,
304L, 340H
316, 316L,
321, 347
A193 Gr B8 &
A194 Gr 8
A312
Types 304,
304L, 340H
316, 316L,
321, 347
Monel B127 B127 B127 B164 B164 B165
Grade 400
Titanium B265 Gr 2 B265 Gr 2 B265 Gr 2 B348 Gr 2 B348 Gr 2

NOTES:
(1) As specified for 12Cr or Austenitic stainless steel.
(2) Type 410 shall not be used for welded components.
(3) For temperatures under 800F, use stabilized grades, 304L and 316L, for welded components. For temperatures above
900F, use 304H.
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TABLE 2
MINIMUM METAL THICKNESS OF INTERNALS, INCLUDING CORROSION ALLOWANCE
Type of
Internal
Vessel
Materials
(1)
Minimum Thickness of Internal
Vessel Shell Corrosion Allowance

Shell

Internals >1/16 in. 1/8 in. 3/16 in. 1/4 in.
NonSupporting
Members, such as:
Trays, Decks Integral Minor
Beams
CS CS 0.134 in. 0.179 in. 0.224 in. .312 in.
CS Alloy 0.075 in. 0.075 in. 0.075 in. 0.075 in.
CS/Alloy
(2)
Alloy 0.075 in. 0.075 in. 0.075 in. 0.075 in.
Alloy Alloy 0.134 in. 0.179 in. 0.224 in.
Tray Accessories
such as:
Bubble Caps,
Chimneys,Weirs,
Baffles, Vortex Breakers
CS CS 0.060 in. 0.134 in. 0.179 in. .312 in.
CS Alloy 0.060 in. 0.060 in. 0.060 in. 0.060 in.
CS/Alloy
(2)
Alloy 0.060 in. 0.060 in. 0.060 in. 0.060 in.
Alloy Alloy 0.060 in. 0.105 in. 0.179 in. .312 in.
Internal Piping
(nonpressure)
CS CS Sch STD Sch STD Sch XS Sch XS
CS Alloy Sch 10 Sch 10 Sch 10 Sch 10
CS/Alloy
(2)
Alloy Sch 10 Sch 10 Sch 10 Sch 10
Alloy Alloy Sch STD Sch STD Sch STD Sch XS
Supporting Members
such as:
All Major Beams and
NonIntegral Minor
Beams; Trusses;
Inlet Distributors; Out
let Collector Rings;
any Load Bearing
Components welded
to the shell.
CS CS 3/8 in. 1/2 in. 5/8 in. 3/4 in.
CS Alloy 3/8 in. 3/8 in. 3/8 in. 3/8 in.
CS/Alloy
(2)
Alloy 3/8 in. 3/8 in. 3/8 in. 3/8 in.
Alloy Alloy 3/8 in. 1/2 in 5/8 in. 3/4 in.
NOTE:
(1) Abbreviations used in the above table are: CSdesignates carbon, low alloy and intermediate alloy steels; Alloy - designates
stainless steels (300 and 400 series), Nickel alloys, Copper Alloys, Aluminum alloys.
(2) Interior surface of shell has an alloy cladding or weld overlay resistant to corrosion (CA=0.0) resulting from the process environment.
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TABLE 3
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL QUANTITIES

Parts

Additional Per Cent Of Total Required

Bolts, Nuts, Washers
Tray Clamps
Gaskets, Packing

5%
2%
10%
TABLE 4
MINIMUM THICKNESS OF TOWER PACKING
Packing Type Carbon Steel Alloy
Random Packing not permitted 0.025 inches
(1)

Structured Packing not permitted Manufacturers Standard
(2)

Grid Packing not permitted Manufacturers Standard
(2)

NOTES:
(1) Vendor may request variance from this Site Technical Practice.
(2) (*)Subject to the approval of the Owners Engineer.
TABLE 5
MINIMUM WIDTH OF SUPPORT RINGS
Vessel Inside Diameter
(feet)
Support Ring Width
(inches)
3 and under 11/2
Over 3 to 6 2
Over 6 to 10 21/2
Over 10 to 15 3
Over 15 31/2

TABLE 6
DRAIN HOLE REQUIREMENTS
Tray or Deck Area
(ft
2
)
Number of Drain
Holes Per Tray
> 30 1
>30 to 100 2
>100 3

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26.0 FIGURES

FIGURE 1
FABRICATION TOLERANCES
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TABLE A
GENERAL TOLERANCES
TOWER DIAMETER, FT. TOLERANCES, IN. (HIGH TO LOW)
UP TO 7 1/8
OVER 7 TO 13 3/16
OVER 13 1/4

TABLE B
TOLERANCES NOT SHOWN ON DRAWING
DESCRIPTION TOLERANCE, IN.
LOCATION OF PARTS BOLTED TO CLIPS OR
BRACKETS WELDED TO TOWER BY OTHERS
1/8
TRAY AND RING LEVEL:
TRAY DIA. 84 IN. 1/8
84 IN. < TRAY DIA. 156 IN. 3/16
TRAY DIA. > 156 IN. 1/4

FIGURE 1
FABRICATION TOLERANCES (CONTINUED)
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Thermowell
8 In.
C
T
Thermal Expansion
Clearance 2D
1/16 In. Clearance
Chamfer Edges
D
4 In.
1/2 In. Diameter
Drain Hole At
Low Point

FIGURE 2
THERMOWELL EXPANSION GUIDE
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FIGURE 3
LIQUID TRAY GUIDE FOR THERMOWELL OR OTHER INTERNAL PIPES
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PI
See Detail "A" For Threaded
Fitting Alternative
Seal Plate
Gasket
Vent
Coupling
Nozzle Flange
Of Vessel
Vessel Shell
Spider
Thermowell
Primary Pressure
Boundary
Detail "A"
Pressure Tight Threaded Fitting
(Swagelok Or Equivalent)
Thermowell
Flange,Use Slip-On
Reducing Flange.
Alternatively A
Blind Flange Is
Acceptable Provided
That It Is Designed
Per The ASME Code,
Section VIII
S.S. Sheathed Thermocouples
Silver Solder
Thermocouple
To Seal Plate
For Temperatures
Up To 650F
Provide Adequate
Clearance For
Bolt-Up Procedures

FIGURE 4
THERMOWELL WITH SECONDARY PRESSURE SEAL
DESIGN FOR MULTIPLE THERMOCOUPLES IN SINGLE THERMOWELL
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FIGURE 5
THERMOWELL WITH SECONDARY PRESSURE SEAL
DESIGN FOR INDIVIDUAL THERMOCOUPLES
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2 In. Minimum Straight
Flange Section For
Elliptical Head
3 In.
Top Fillet Weld
All Around
Plug Welds,
Number And
Size As Req'd.
To Carry
Shear Load.
(No Credit to
Be Taken For
Top Fillet
Weld)
4 Sets Of Slotted
Holddown Clips
Midsize And Bottom Stiffening
Rings, Size Based On Structural
Stability Considerations.
Minimum Permissible Size
Is 2 In. x 3/4 In.
4 In.
Screen Holddown Band, 1 In. x 1/8 In. Thick
Fillet Weld To Top Edge Of Collector
2:1 Ellipsoidal Head. Installed Concave
Upward With 1/2 In. Diameter Holes On A
2 In. Triangular Pitch. Cover With 8 x 8
Mesh 0.028 In. Diameter Wire Screen Of
Type 321 Stainless Steel.
4 In.
3 In.
Two - 1 In. x 1/8 In. Thick Screen Holddown
Bands, Tightened To Hold Screen. Side
Screen Material Type 321 Stainless Steel.
Use One Layer Of 3 x 3 Mesh, 0.054 In.
Diameter Wire And One Layer Of 8 x 8 Mesh
0.028 In. Diameter Wire.
1 In.
Typ.
Locate 4 - 1/4 In.
Drain Holes At 90
Around The Outlet
Collector

FIGURE 6
OUTLET COLLECTOR7
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Vessel Shell
Nozzle - Do Not
Externally Insulate
See Figure 7B For
Sleeve Fabrication
Requirements
Plugged Drain Valve
NPS 3/4 Inches
Welding Cap
Flanges

FIGURE 7A
CATALYST UNLOADING NOZZLE
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Vessel Shell
Nozzle
Expanded End
Of Sleeve
Continuous
Fillet Weld
Sleeve
Two 1 In. x 2 In. Horizontal
Slots In The Sleeve And The
Cap Orientated 180 Apart,
Centered Between Flange
Bolt Holes.
Two 7/8 In. Diameter Holes In
Cap Orientated 180 Apart
1 In.
1 In.
1/4 In.
Drill 1/8 In. Diameter Hole, To Be Located
Within Nozzle ID And Sleeve OD Annular
Space, In Each End Of Pin. Fill Holes With
1/8 In. Diameter Rod, 1-3/4 In. Long, To
Make Pin Retention End.
OD Of Cap To Be
3/8 In. Smaller Than
ID Of Sleeve
3/4 In. Diameter Rod
3/4 In. Diameter Pin,
1/4 In. Longer Than
OD Of Sleeve
1-3/4 In.
1/2 In.
Typ.
1/8 In. Diameter Rod
Detail A - Pin Retention End

FIGURE 7B
CATALYST UNLOADING NOZZLESLEEVE DETAIL
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Catalyst Dump Tool, Place
Two Horizontal Slots
Orientated 180 Apart.
Insure That Tool Slots
Align With All Components,
3/8 In. Typical.
12 In.
A A
Positioning Stop
Pivot Point
15
Catalyst Dump Tool Swing
Gate 3/8 In. Thick With 3/4 In.
Thick x 12 In. Long Handle.
Section A-A
Arc Of Frame
Of Catalyst
Dump Tool Gate

FIGURE 7C
CATALYST DUMP TOOL8
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Full Penetration Weld
18 In.
1/2 In. Diameter Tie Rods
To Cluster Scale Traps
1 In. Wide Section Cut From
6 In. Scheduled Std. Pipe
(Typical)
Six Equally Spaced
1/4 In. Diameter x 18 In.
Long Rods
Cover Basket With
Screen Material
Type 321. Use One
Layer Of 10 x 10
Mesh, 0.023 In.
Wire Diameter.
Two 1/2 In. Diameter Rods

FIGURE 8A
CIRCULAR SCALE TRAP BASKET
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1 In. Wide By
1/4 In. Thickness
Flat Bar Stock
1/2 In. Diameter Rod,
Equally Spaced At A
Maximum Of 8 Inches.
3/8 In.
Min.
1-1/2 In.
All Framing
1/2 In. Wide
By 1/4 In. Thickness
Flat Bar Stock
4 In.
Spacer Detail
(Used To Cluster Baskets)
Overall Length To Be Specified
Based On Manway Internal Clearance
Basket Bottom Plate,
3/8 In. Thick x 2 In. Wide
1-1/2 In.
12 In.
24 In.
6 In.
2 In.

FIGURE 8B
RECTANGULAR SCALE TRAP BASKET9
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A
Alternate Orientation
Of Baffle Grid
D
A
HLL
Baffle Supports
2 In. x 2 In. x 3/8 In.
Angle
LLL
Vessel Shell
Nozzle, With Or Without
Internal Projection
L
Fabricate Baffle
Grid From
1 In. x 1/8 In. Strip
1 In.
L
4 In.
Detail A-A
S1
S1
S2

NOTES:
1. D is the nominal diameter of the drawoff nozzle.
2. L is dimension for baffle grid L shall be the minimum of 4D or onehalf the vessel inside diameter.
3. S1 spacing is 6 in maximum.
4. S2 spacing shall be D/2.
5. Glitch Grid or Koch Flexcigrid panels can be used rather than the baffle grid shown in Detail AA.
6. LLL is the specified low liquid level, HLL is the specified high liquid level.

FIGURE 9A
GRID TYPE VORTEX BREAKER
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NOTES:
1. D = nominal nozzle diameter.
2. W= weld size: 1/8 in. plus corrosion allowance of the internal component.
3. Minimum thickness of internal per Table 2 plus twice the corrosion allowance based on the material of
the internal component.

FIGURE 9B
PLATE TYPE VORTEX BREAKERS
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FIGURE 10
DETAIL OF SHED CONSTRUCTION11
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FIGURE 11A
FIXED INTERNAL GRAB AND LADDERS HORIZONTAL PRESSURE VESSELS
MANHOLE IN TOP OF HORIZONTAL VESSEL
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Refinery
EP 7-2-1

Page 36 of 40

Maintained by E
2
A
A
Vessel
Shell
3 In.
17 In.
Grab Bar
3/4 In. Diameter
Section A-A
Manhole
12 In.
Manhole In Side Of Vessel
3 In.
Provide Ladder Rungs
For A > 36 Inches.
Manhole
17 In.
Grab Bar
3/4 In. Diameter
3 In.
Section B-B
Manhole In Head Of Vessel
A
12 In.
B B
Vessel
Head
3 In.

FIGURE 11B
FIXED INTERNAL GRAB BARS AND LADDERS HORIZONTAL PRESSURE VESSELS
Toledo
Refinery
EP 7-2-1

Page 37 of 40

Maintained by E
2
17 In.
(Typ.)
Ladder Rung
3/4 In. Diameter
Rod
Manhole & Rungs
3 In. (Typ.)
C
L
Head Seam
Tangent Line
12 In.
12 In.
4 In.
C
L
Manhole
1 Ft. - 9 In. Max.
1-1/2 In.
3/8
12 In.
12 In.
7 In.
(Typ.)

FIGURE 11C
FIXED INTERNAL GRAB BARS AND LADDERS
VERTICAL PRESSURE VESSELS
Toledo
Refinery
EP 7-2-1

Page 38 of 40

Maintained by E
2

FIGURE 12
MIST ELIMINATOR DETAILS
Toledo
Refinery
EP 7-2-1

Page 39 of 40

Maintained by E
2
Detail D
Grid
A
T
Two (2) 9/16 In. Diam.
Holes In Clip,
And 9/16 In. x 3/4 In.
Slotted Holes In
Beam, For 1/2 In.
Bolts (Typ. Each End).
C
L
Grid
1/2 In. J-Bolts With
Hex Nuts, Two(2)
Required At Each
End Of Demister
Section
Detail B
3/4 In.
C
L W
W
3/4 In. Mfg. Clearance (Ref.)
Mesh
Blanket
See Detail B For
Support Ring
Detail A
5/8 In. Diam. Holes
Equally Spaced On
5-1/2 In. Approx. Centers
C
L
Grid
3/4 In.
Mesh
Blanket
Grid
1/2 In. J-Bolts With
Hex Nuts, Two(2)
Required At Each
End Of Demister
Section
WF Or Tee
Per Chart
Detail C
1/2 In.
Trim Flange
Top & Bottom As Required
WF Or Tee
Per Chart
1-1/4 In.
1-3/4 In.
C
L
5/8 In. Diam. Holes
Equally Spaced On
5-1/2 In. Approx. Centers
3/4 In. 3/4 In.

NOTES:
1. Top and bottom grids to be fully rigid welded and banded with maximum sized openings of 6 inches X 12
inches.
2. Mesh assembly shall be held together by corrosion resistant wires, or grid supports shall be held apart
by spacer rods formed straps or spacer bolts as specified by the Owners Engineer.

FIGURE 12
MIST ELIMINATOR DETAILS (CONTINUED)
Toledo
Refinery
EP 7-2-1

Page 40 of 40

Maintained by E
2
Mist Eliminator Dimensions (Inches)
Nominal
Diameter
Ring Beams
No.
Req'd.
Carbon
Steel
A
2
2
2
3
3
Thru 18
Thru 72
Thru 144
Thru 216
Over 216
Stainless Steel
Flange Stem
WF 6 x 12
WF 6 x 12
4 x 1/4
4 x 3/8
0
0
1
2
Special Design, See Vessel Drawing
6 x 1/4
6 x 3/8
T = 1/8 In. Plus Twice Corrosion Allowance With 1/4 In.
Minimum Thickness.
W = T/2 Plus Corrosion Allowance With 3/16 In. Minimum
Fillet.
Sectional Demister, Use
1 x 1/4 In. Ring With Two
(2) Clips Per Ring Section.
Clips To Be Welded To
Ring. Ring To Be Provided
With 5/8 In. Diam. Holes On
5-1/2 In. Approx. Centers.
One Piece Demister, Use
Four (4) Clips Only With
5/8 In. Diam. Hole In Clip.
Detail E
See Vessel Drawing
For Thickness
See Vessel Drawing
For Thickness
Clip Angle
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 1/4 In.
x 1-1/2 In. Long
5/8 In. Diam. Holes
For 1/2 In. Bolts
Detail F
5/8 In. Diam. Holes
Equally
Spaced On 6 In. Approx.
Centers For 1/2 In. Bolts
C
L
W
W
1/2 In.
T
A

FIGURE 12
MIST ELIMINATOR DETAILS (CONTINUED)

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