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Trace: lab7
lab7
Table of Contents
General Physics Experiment 7
o Resistor nd!ctor "apacitor Series "irc!its
#b$ecti%es:
E&!ipment:
Physical Principles:
o Proced!re:
Series R'L'" "irc!it
() nd!ctor *oltage
+) "apacitor *oltage
") Resistor *oltage
e,#-R.(L REP#RT 7
o Score: /01
o Layo!t: /2
o Preliminaries: /3
o 4ata: /5 and Res!lts: /6
Series R'L'" "irc!it
() nd!ctor *oltage
+) "apacitor *oltage
") Resistor *oltage
o "oncl!sion: /3
o (bstract: /3
o "erti7cation: /2

General Physics Experiment 7
Resistor Inductor Capacitor Series Circuits
Objectives:
To obser%e the relationships bet8een the %oltage and c!rrent across resistors9
ind!ctors9 and capacitors in series combinations as the :re&!ency o: the
so!rce is %aried)
To obser%e resonance in an R'L'" circ!it)
Equipment:
0 *oltage Sensors
Pasco RL" "irc!it
Pasco Science ;orkshop 7<1 nter:ace 8ith b!it'in *oltage So!rce
L"R meter
Phsical Principles:
Figure 1 Figure 2
)he crcut dagram o* a seres (LC crcut s shown n Fg! .!
)he voltages across each component o* the (LC crcut vary n tme wth angular *re8uency9
9 where s the *re8uency o* the alternatng current! Note: we use to ndcate
the vector poston o* each voltage at tme :ero9 these postons can %e o%served n the phasor
dagram! &Fg ,'
or we can use a pythagoran representaton o* all the $oltage vectors to *nd the total voltage9 the
source vector;
<ou can see that accordng to the e8uatons and the dagram that these voltages =rotate> wth the
alternatng current! )he angle o* ths =rotaton> s called the phase angle!
)he phase angle n each o* the a%ove e?pressons and n the phasor dagram &Fg ,' ndcates
that;
=) The %oltage in the resistor is precisely in phase 8ith the c!rrent)
2) The %oltage across the ind!ctor leads the c!rrent by )
0) The %oltage across the capacitor lags the c!rrent by )
3) The %oltage :rom the so!rce %aries by a %ariable angle9 )
$oltages can %e measured or calculated %y multplyng current and the mpedance across each
component! Note: we are representng mpedance as
!OTE:
>o! can see that impedance :or a resistor is simply its resistance9 ho8e%er
the other components are more complicated)
mpedance :or a capacitor %aries in%ersely 8ith the capacitance and ang!lar
:re&!ency) This means 8hen 8e ha%e a large ang!lar :re&!ency impedance
8ill be %ery small9 con%ersely :or a %ery small ang!lar :re&!ency impedance
8ill be large)
The impedance o: the ind!ctor m!st incl!de both the resistance o: the
ind!ctor9 9 and its nat!ral impedance9 ) Since impedance %aries
proportionally 8ith ang!lar :re&!ency9 a large :re&!ency translates into a
large impedance and a small :re&!ency 8o!ld res!lt in a small impedance)
)he source voltage s;
For a *?ed source voltage9 the current depends on *re8uency as;
ths e8uaton assumes ts ma?mum value at the resonance *re8uency o*
Procedure:
Series R"#"C Circuit
Setup
=) +e:ore yo! set !p the RL" circ!it9 care:!lly meas!re the resistances ? R and
RL @9 ind!ctance9 L9 and capacitance9 ")
=) -se the m!ltimeter to meas!re the resistances o: the resistor9 R
?labeled as =1 A@9 and the ind!ctor coil9 RL)
2) -se the L"R meter to meas!re the ind!cance o: the coil and the
capacitance o: the capacitor labeled as 001 BC)
2) Set !p the series RL" circ!it as sho8n in Cig!re 0)
0) "hannel ( 8ill record %oltages across the resistor)
3) "hannel + 8ill record %oltages across the ind!ctor)
<) "hannel " 8ill record %oltages across the capacitor)
6) The (" %oltage so!rce and gro!d 8ill connect to the P(S"# inter:ace %oltage
so!rce)
=) Make certain that the red probe 8ire o: each %oltage sensor is
connected at the higher %oltage side o: each element) ?Cig!re 0 and
%ideo@
7) #pen 4ata St!dio and "reate Experiment)
5) ndicate that "hannels (9 + and " ha%e %oltage sensors)
D) Set the Sample rate to =19111 EF and !se the Sampling #ptions men! item to
set an (!tomatic Stop time o: 1)= seconds)
=1)"lick on the #!tp!t signal generator at the :ar right to generate Sine ;a%es9
click (!to9 then #n)
=) The amplit!de sho!ld be set to 3 * and the :re&!ency 8ill be ad$!sted
as needed so keep this dialog box readily a%ailable)
==)4rag and drop the Graph icon !p to *oltage9 "h( and then :ollo8 !p by
dragging and dropping the Graph= icon to "h+9 "h"9 and 7nally #!tp!t
*oltage )
=2)(d$!st the :re&!ency on the signal generator to =1 EF and click the Start
b!tton to collect data)
=0)Rescale the graph !sing the icon at the !pper le:t and Foom as needed) ?The
most eGecti%e 8ay to Foom is to grab one o: the n!mbers along the x'axis
and slide right or le:t@)
=3)Record the maxim!m o: each %oltage !sing the statistics icon9 H)
=<)(:ter collecting data :or each :re&!ency9 clear the screen by clicking
Experiment9 4elete (ll 4ata R!ns)
=6)Repeat the abo%e steps :or :re&!encies =1 ' =9111 EF)
Analysis
=) #pen Graphical (nalysis
2) Enter yo!r maxim!m %oltage %al!es and :re&!encies :rom table = ?(ll <
col!mns o: table =@)
0) "reate ne8 calc!lated col!mns 8ith
=)
2) the ratio
0) the ratio
3) the ratio
<)
$% Inductor &olta'e
=) The ratio o: the ind!ctor %oltage to the resistor %oltage is :o!nd :rom E&s) ?7@
and ?<@ to be:
2) Cor large %al!es o: I one can ignore RL and the e&!ation becomes:
0) Plot *L/*R %s) I)
=) "lick on the graph 8indo8 and change the #ptions9 to t!rn oG the
connecting lines)
3) Per:orm a linear :it selecting only data 8ith I J =9111 rad/s and record the
slope)
<) "ompare the slope 8ith L/R)
6) #n the same graph9 plot the theoretical c!r%e o: *L/*R %s) I)
=) -sing (nalyFe9 "!r%e Cit and de7ning a ne8 :!nction:
2) 8here R9 RL and L m!st be the act!al n!merical %al!es yo! meas!red)
7) Paste a copy o: yo!r graph into yo!r e'$o!rnal)
(% Capacitor &olta'e
=) The ratio o: capacitor %oltage to resistor %oltage is :o!nd :rom E&s) ?<@ and
?6@ to be in%ersely proportional to I as :ollo8s:
2) Plot *"/*R %s) I)
0) T!rn oG the connecting lines)
3) 4rag to select data :or I K =9111 and per:orm a c!r%e :it !sing
<) "opy and paste yo!r graph into yo!r e'$o!rnal)
6) "ompare =/( 8ith the prod!ct R")
7) LineariFe yo!r graph by plotting *"/*R %s) =/I and :itting a straight line)
5) "opy and paste yo!r graph into yo!r e'$o!rnal)
D) Record the slope and compare 8ith =/R")
C% Resistor &olta'e
=) E&!ations ?<@ and ?5@ predict a ratio o: resistor %oltage to so!rce %oltage
gi%en by
2) Plot *R/*S %s) I)
0) Locate the resonance ang!lar :re&!ency9 Imax9 8here the resistor %oltage is
at a maxim!m)
3) "ompare this :re&!ency 8ith that predicted by:
<) #n the same graph9 plot the theoretical c!r%e o: *R/*S %s) I)
=) -sing (nalyFe9 "!r%e Cit de7ne yo!r :!nction as:
2) 8here R9 RL9 L9 and " m!st be the act!al n!merical %al!es yo!
meas!red)
6) "opy and paste yo!r graph into yo!r e'$o!rnal)
eJOU!AL EPO" 7
Instructions
"opy and paste this entire e,o!rnal Report section into a blank ;#R4 7le)
"omplete the report in ;#R4)
>o! may 8ish to modi:y borders in the tables)
S!bmit yo!r report by !ploading the ;#R4 in o!r class 42L site) : the 42L
site is do8n9 email
the completed report *le drectly to a la% )4 or to physcs+andrews!edu!
Score: )*+
#aout: ),
Title:
.ames: ?ndicate 8ho the scribe 8as) (lternate d!ties :or each lab)@
4ate
Time n L #!t:
Preliminaries: )-
PersonaliFed Statement o: #b$ecti%es:
Methods -sed: ?nsert a labeled 8ebcam image o: apparat!s) 4escribe 8hat
and ho8 meas!rements are made)@
Predictions:
.ata: )/ and Results: )0
Series R"#"C Circuit
=) 4escribe yo!r data collection techni&!es :or meas!ring %oltages :or the RL"
circ!it)
2) Meas!re the resistance o: the resistor9 R9 the resistance o: the ind!ctor9 RL9
the ind!ctance9 L9 and the capacitance9 ":
=) R M
2) RL M
0) L M
3) " M
0) Record the amplit!de ?peak@ %al!e o: the so!rce %oltage:
=) *S M
3) nsert a sample plot :rom 4ata St!dio sho8ing all :o!r %oltages %s) time)
<) Label and complete the :ollo8ing table:
#re$uency
%&'(
)

)
L
)
*
)
S
1+
2+
,+
-+
.+
1++
12+
1,+
1-+
1.+
2++
,++
-++
.++
1+++
&you may need to select the ta%le control n the upper le*t corner o* the ta%le9 rght clck and
select distribute rows evenly and distribute columns evenly then select borders and shading to
turn on the grd'
$% Inductor &olta'e
=) nsert graph o: *L/*R %s) I incl!ding linear :it and c!r%e :it)
2) Record the slope o: yo!r linear 7t o: higher :re&!encies:
=) slope M
0) "alc!late the time constant :or the ind!ctor:
=) M L/R M
3) "alc!late the percent diGerence bet8een the slope and L/R:
=) N 4iG M
<) "omment on the relati%e importance o: the ind!ctor to yo!r circ!it as a
:!nction o: :re&!ency)
(% Capacitor &olta'e
=) nsert graph o: *"/*R %s) I incl!ding c!r%e :it)
2) Record the 7t constant o: yo!r in%erse 7t:
=) ( M
2) =/( M
0) "alc!late the time constant :or the capacitor:
=) M R" M
3) "alc!late the percent diGerence bet8een =/( and R":
=) N 4iG M
<) nsert graph o: *"/*R %s) =/I incl!ding a linear :it)
6) Record the slope o: yo!r linear 7t:
=) slope M
2) =/slope M
7) "alc!late the time constant :or the capacitor:
=) M R" M
5) "alc!late the percent diGerence bet8een =/m and R":
=) N 4iG M
D) "omment on the relati%e importance o: the capacitor to yo!r circ!it as a
:!nction o: :re&!ency)
C% Resistor &olta'e
=) nsert graph o: *R/*S %s) I incl!ding c!r%e :it)
2) Record the ang!lar :re&!ency 8here the resistor %oltage peaks:
=) Imax meas M
0) "alc!late the theoretical resonant :re&!ency:
=) M
3) "alc!late the percent diGerence bet8een meas!rement and theory:
=) N 4iG M
<) "omment on the relati%e importance o: the resistor to yo!r circ!it as a
:!nction o: :re&!ency)
Conclusion: )-
Good points to address are:
=) nd!ctors ha%e a high impedance 8henO
2) "apacitors ha%e a high impedance 8henO
0) ;hat is the impedance :or a resistorO
3) Eo8 is the o!tp!t :re&!ency o: yo!r (" c!rrent related to O
<) ;hat is a phasor diagramO
6) etcP
$bstract: )-
)hs s a *ormal statement o* what ths la%oratory e?perment was all a%out!
2ncluded n ths paragraph should %e somethng a%out;
The #b$ecti%es
>o!r Res!lts
>o!r "oncl!sions
Certification: ),
4oc!ment yo!r completion o: this lab 8ith yo!r partner by inserting a
8ebcam photo o: yo!rsel:9 yo!r partner9 yo!r apparat!s9 and yo!r T()
ncl!de a statement that the 8ork done in this lab and s!bmitted in this
report is yo!rs and yo!r partners)
lab7)txt Q Last modi7ed: 21=0/17/2D =2:1= ?external edit@
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