METHODOLOGY

Floods are generally caused by rainfall with high intensity. One type of measuring rainfall is Tipping -
Bucket. Tipping Bucket generally used millimeters (mm). The method consists in the construction of
several stages. The first step to study literature, followed by the method of observation. After these two
initial stages accomplished, the next stage of the design of hardware followed by software design.
Testing equipment performed by littering some water into the tool. Comparative method is used as a
baseline in testing the application in Matlab. Results released by the tool is able to approach the results
released by the Matlab application. With fuzzy logic methods application, design is made able to issue
an early warning system that mutually agree in accordance with the rules that have been made. In
addition to showing a warning of the dangers of flooding, the tool is capable of storing data of rain that
has occurred.

1. Rainfall Measuring System.
A tool to measure the amount of rainfall is typing bucket. Tipping bucket generally used
millimeters (mm) for measurement. So the amount of precipitation that is measured actually is
thick or high rainfall area which covers an area on the surface of the ground. Rainfall of 1 (one)
millimeters, meaning in an area of one square meter in a flat water accommodated as high as 1
(one) or millimeters of water accommodated as much as 1 (one) liter or 1000 ml. For example,
in an area or location of 10 mm rainfall observations., It means the area surrounding the extent
of the area or location inundated by rain water height or thickness of 10 millimeters (mm.).

Tipping Bucket operated several Meteorological Station, the surface area of tipping bucket is
400 cm2 funnel shape. Water will go to the funnel surface, then flows to fill one bucket. Any
amount of rain water that goes as much as 0.5 mm. or an amount of 20 ml of the bucket will
move down, where the other bucket will be going to rise up and be ready to receive the water.

2. Microcontroller AT-Mega 8 and Wireless Module.
Microcontroller AT - Mega 8 is a CMOS 8-bit microcontroller AVR RISC architecture with 8K
Bytes of In-System Programmable Flash. Microcontroller with low power consumption is
capable of executing instructions at a maximum speed of 16MHz Microcontroller AT - Mega 8
used to read sensor switches in Tipping - Bucket and also for communication to the Wireless
Module. Sensor switches are read into the input port microcontroller. After entered into the
microcontroller, the data is read and then forwarded to the PC via wireless module.

Tipping Bucket
Solar Cell
Wireless Module
Battery
Microcontroller


3. Battery and Solar Cell.
For power supply the voltage is 5v to wireless module and for microcontroller. For power supply
used battery and solar Cell to recharge the battery for stay supply the energy.