MODULE I

INTRODUCTION: NATURE OF PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy is the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality
and existence. It is a theory or attitude that guides ones behavior. We have our
own philosophy of life that depends on how our significant others molds us. Our
significant others guides and protect us from right and wrong that serves as
the basis of our philosophy. God gave us our life to find the real meaning of our
life. We have our own mission based on our philosophy. We should live the gift
of God to us to the fullest. Studying philosophy in the field of nursing, helps
nurses to understand the patients from their illness. It guides the nurses from
doing well and avoiding evil on the area to protect and save the lives of the
patients. It is also beneficial for the working environment because it enlighten
the minds of nurses in understanding and accepting ones belief or behavior.
For everything comes from God alone. Everything lives by his power, and
everything is for his glory- I am opposed because not everything we consider is
desirable since we are limited in understanding- Romans 9:20. What good to us
may not presentable to Gods heart and eyes? We often consider every good
gift or circumstance was due to God but it is not. His thoughts are higher than
us; what we think may not his thoughts and our feelings might not be his- Isiah
55:8-9. Hence, not everything comes from God, although all good things come
from God alone. We must always consider what God needs and wanted and it is
all written is his word- the bible.
For example, a college student graduated as cum laude, he passed the
board exam and was included in the top 10 roster for national rankings, and he
got the best job possible for his classifications. He has a capable wife, obedient
children, good associations, wealth, and power. He considers these all came from
God because he believe and feel good about them all. We might also say that
everything he had come from God because our perception as human says these
is all- good. Happy are those conscious of their spiritual need, since the
Kingdom of the heavens belongs to them- Matthew 5:3. When a person has an
abundance, his life does not result from the things he possesses- Luke 12:15
Everything lives by his power and everything for his glory. Lift up your
eyes to heaven and see. Who has created these things? It is the One who brings
out their army by number, he calls them all by name. Because of his vast
dynamic energy and his awe- inspiring power, not one of them is missing- Isiah
40:26 and Revelations 4:11
















MODULE II
HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY
Philosophy makes human to have broader and better understanding of
himself and other people to make his day- to- day decision of his life and
experience. We need to study the history of life to identify the progress and
development of philosophy which studies are about human to understand the
events before as a basis for understanding the todays generation in explaining
the cause of action.
According to Confucius, man is naturally good just as water naturally
flows downward. The innate goodness can be developed and actualized through
education, self-reflection, and discipline. Every mans action or behavior has
meaning or reason. If only those people who are snatchers, kidnappers, drug
pushers, drug users, and others who are bad people know the concept of man by
Confucius then we can say that there is no harm in the world. Safety and
security will be achieve for all of us. Proper and correct education and discipline
from our significant others helps us to reflect in our decision making of our
everyday life existence. In our every action, we must apply philosophy.
Treat others as you wish them to treat you. In order for us to be
respected we must respect and considerate other people. Our goal in life is to
have a better way of living. In achieving it we must consider the feelings and
concerns of others. We must not step the integrity and philosophy of life of
other people. We should apply justice in treating people. We should help other
people to improve and achieve better living. Crab mentality is often nowadays
but we must eradicate this and rather to join forces for our progress and
development. To love God means necessarily to love ones fellowmen, and to love
ones fellowmen means never to do any harm to another.
According to Aristotle, man is a composite nature of body and soul, mind
and matter, sense and intellect, passion and reason. It is a complete statement
from him the composition of man. To do so there is no reason for us not to
consider philosophy in our life. Loving what you are doing is passion. Once we are
enjoying and loving our life that God gave us then we are about to gain the
meaning of life that we must realize and appreciate the creation of our God.
Man has the hands to do what he knows right from wrong. Man has the minds to
think and analyze right from wrong. Lastly, man has the special heart to feel and
understand right from wrong. Each one of us must see on it to maintain
happiness and love.













MODULE III
NATURE OF MAN
Man by nature is good. This is evidenced by his natural inclination to what
is good, right and true. Man has a sense of good and evil, and he has a natural
orientation for what is good. He has a sense of what is truth and falsity and he
has s natural orientation for what is true. Man by nature desires to be happy.
All of his actions are geared toward the acquisition of happiness.
Man is subject to change. Through development, man is subjective to
change either physically, emotionally, mentally, psychologically, and socially.
Nothing is permanent in the world. Through the development we undergone, we
learn from our own mistakes and serves as lessons in kicking life.
Man become evil although by nature he is good. Because of evil it triggers
man to commit it but not with intention. H protect his ego from others and save
his life from the dangers in his environment.
Wrongdoing is the result of ignorance- Socrates. It is impossible for a
human being to willingly do wrong because of their instinct for self-interest
prevents from doing so. I opposed with the statement because it is possible for
us humans to do wrong because nobody is perfect. God is there watching us. He
gave trials for us to be strong in the relationship of humankind and to Him. From
our wrongs we stand and correct it.
Happiness is subjective- Plato. I viewed happiness as a reason for
anything that makes your life worthy that no one can steal from it. Achieving
happiness feels that you are contented of what you have and contentment in life
is not easy to sustain it due to the fact that we want more and have more to
have a better living. I recommend that we must find the meaning of happiness in
our lives.
MODULE IV
CHRISTIAN CONCEPT OF VALUES
Values are principles that allow us to guide in our behavior to fulfill
ourselves as individuals. We use our values in our everyday life at home, work, or
any other areas of our lives. Values are everywhere, we can adapt values from
our parents, grandparents and other significant others of our life, school that
we consider as our second home. We learn values also from our friends, people
we meet, media, and books that we read. These values help us to the future the
work we will encounter. We can learn values from our work, boss and colleagues.
As long as we live, we learn values. Learning values are endless. Values are
necessary for us to do so we must have the truth, love, peace, right action and
non-violence to humankind. There are factors that influences peoples values.
These are age, education, family, home, friends, peer groups, institutions,
policies, job, colleagues, income, campaigns, social movements, media, culture and
lived experience. These factors affects the values of every person either
positively or negatively. Reminding others that we must developed values. These
are love, honesty, and commitment to family, respect, simplicity and optimism.
The undesirable values that we should minimize are materialism,
competitiveness, racism, sexism, ageism, violence and quick fix mentality.





MODULE V
FILIPINO VALUES
Filipino values are unique from other nations. The core of Filipino values
are buti, bait and loob. The positive Filipino values are born in a personal
environment, sakop stressed, privacy not stressed, learn to respect other
siblings and authority, mothers stress harmony and less competition and parents
promises a lot, when promises are broken, the child learns not to be
disappointed. The negative Filipino values are manana habit, crab mentality,
ningas kugon, negative attitudes and ideas of the people involved in the
environment, thoughtless, inconsiderate, racist, onion skinned, short-sighted,
gossip monger, nepotism and freebie hunters. These values are innate to all of
us. Accepting the personality of others helps you to become friends and avoid
conflicts.
We have our own human rights. Right to be respected and right to
respect others. Showing concern and sincerity to people means loving God
because what you are showing to others makes it the meaning of showing it to
Him. Many people in our country are not in good terms because of rights. Some
of them is due to money, land, bank accounts and other material things. For this
instance each party must realize the essence of right. If they will understand
each other and be an open-minded person then conflicts may be eliminated.
Some are also fighting for the right for their love ones. We meet people as
extraordinary and uniqueness. Once we know the reason of our happiness then
we can fight for it as long as we want to. It is so easy to pretend our feelings in
this world but we cannot deny on ourselves the pain we experienced and that is
one of the reason of the rights. We have the right to love someone and right to
be loved as long as no one can be the reason of feeling worthless or incapability.
But if the case is impossible to regain the relationship then we must stand and
face the next chapters of our life.
I am so proud to be a Filipino and reasons are not enough to explain
because being a Filipino is a greater feeling of satisfaction that no one can get
it from me because that is one of my treasures. We all know that Filipino is
everywhere worldwide. Some nations they put down Filipinos but he is brave
enough to face them and prove to them that we have the hand, mind, and heart.
Even if Im planning to work abroad for greener Pasteur, I will still stand my
Filipino values and share with my colleagues the positive values that they must
consider and understand. If I will build my own family, the one that Ive learned
I will share it for my kids and husband that Filipino values are one of a kind.













MODULE VI
WHY BE MORAL?
Character is both developed and revealed by tests, and all of life is a
test. Character is the mental and moral qualities distinctive to an individual. It
is the strength and originality in a persons good reputation. Character can be
traced from the environment we had grown up. Families are the number one who
influences our character either positively or negatively. These characters may
bring out either intentionally or accidentally due to circumstances or tests. We
can see the goodness and badness of our character through tests that we do
not expect and that is essential because you can know who really he is when he
is in the stage of unexpected and unplanned situation. Life is a full of tests that
God has no plans to hurt us but instead to learn from it. I owe God because of
the trials He gave to me and my family and due to it I became stronger than
before. I will still continue to ask His guidance for the plans that He intended
for my purpose in my life.
Life is a matter of choice and to do so we must be moral at times for us
not to blame ourselves at the end. Man also knows what is good and what is evil.
He is conscious that he is obliged to do good and avoid the evil. Man is not only
corporeal and rational, but also spiritual and moral. Conscious that he exists, and
that existence is directed toward certain goals in life, man knows he has to act
in order to attain such goals. In doing so, he is confronted with freedom to
choose some alternative means to use, the good or the evil, the right or wrong.
For this reason, mans acts to attain his goals, immediate or remote, become
subject to morality.
Man has needs and desires that call out for satisfaction. It seems that
there is a great emptiness within man that needs to be filled up. Man desires
pleasure, food, and love and these desires occupy his attention, leading him to
seek objects which might satisfy his desires. Man has a need for his security
and he seeks money and possessions in the hope of filling that need. He needs
recognition from others and he seeks a popularity and fame to satisfy that
need.
Morality involves what we ought to do, right and wrong, good and bad,
values, justice, and virtues. Morality is taken to be importance, moral actions
are often taken to merit praise and rewards, and immoral actions are often
taken to merit blame and punishment.
In our chosen career, we need to be moral at all times because we are
dealing with lives. We follow the nursing standards in our practice for the scope
of our duties and responsibilities. Even if it is a case to case basis, we have our
certain rules and regulations that we must comply on it. Being a nurse is not easy
because as humans we are not perfect. The connotation of others are there is
no room for mistakes which is true because if we will commit mistakes then it
can threat the life and not being honest in the medical field is not honored
because honesty, love, care, purity, and respect to others must sustain.








MODULE VII
NATURE OF KNOWLEDGE
The more God gives you, the more responsible that he expects you to be.
The ultimate aim of knowing has always been to know truth. Truth is
different to prove. You need to undergo process that is valid to prove
something. Truth is reality. Humans have the eagerness to know what the truth
is. We cant conclude that something is true if we dont have the prior
knowledge on that something that it may affects our perception due to doubts
of that something.
In attaining knowledge, there are hindrances that we must see on it like
our sensual desire, anger, illness, boredom, restlessness and remorse, and doubt.
We must eradicate these hindrances in knowing for us to understand more and
value the knowledge we attained. Based on our perception, reason, introspection,
memory, and testimony we can acquire knowledge as long as we are willing to
accept and internalize the concept or fact.

The best test for truth is revelation. In this area, our God is best
because He is the one who established truths. In the book or revelation, it
stated what will happen in the future. God gave us the hints on how to accept it.
It depends upon the person on how he will accept and believe for the truth
because it is subjective; it depends on his perception and knowledge.




MODULE IX
SELECTED PHILOSOPHERS AND THEIR TEACHINGS
I appreciated certain contributions of different philosophers. According
to Heraclitus, change is incessant and universal. Change comes with life. Life
without change means life without a meaning. It is continuous and universal
process because it happens across time and space as revealed within and around
us. You cannot escape change; wherever we look or search, probe or analyze in
the world, we find nothing that is permanent; and there are no permanent
solutions because there are no permanent problems.
To God all things are beautiful. God is the definition of perfection and it
is impossible for him to commit mistakes. Everything that run in his mind and
work in his hands are beautiful, pure and unblemished. We, humans are flawed
and capable of committing mistakes because we choose to be weak and yet
beautiful because of His mercy and forgiveness. The most unappealing object in
human eyes is different on how God sees it. The optimism and compassion in his
eye always mold everything to beauty.
According to Aristotle, man is a rational man. Humans use his cognition in
his everyday life. Thinking is the highest form that differs from animals. The
very goal of human life is happiness. Happiness is a choice, not easy to achieve
and sustain, and it is subjective. To attain this is moderation or the avoidance of
extremes. Everyone deserves to be happy and that is the ultimate goal of life.
It is difficult to achieved happiness and stay with it that makes our life
interesting. Satisfaction is not easy to attain due to the factor that everybody
is not contented of what they have and seeks for improvement and development
in life.
All things are from God and return to God. All we have for now is given by
God. He blessed us always and all the things we had will be back in his means of
calling. An example is our life. He blessed us every day by giving us another
morning to survive. This life will be back by means of death. We dont own
anything instead he just lends our life and means of living.
There is an absolute freedom and basic equalities for all. We have the
right to be respected as rational beings. We have our own freedom that we can
choose things that we know it can affect our life in such a way we dont step the
integrity and dignity of others. Life in the state of nature is the same as
survival of the fittest. Those who are stronger will survive and those who are
weaker will perish. It is the state of war among individuals. There is perpetual
conflict because interests constantly clash. No one will feel safe; anxiety and
fear will be always present. - Thomas Hobbes
I think therefore I am- man should know himself for his direction in life.
What you believe in yourself it can be because of the strong emotion of your
like or want and through the faith, trust, courage and determination to achieve
your goals in life. Rene Descartes
According to John Locke man has the power to do what he wishes yet has
no license to hurt anyone. Man has its freedom to do what he wants as long as he
doesnt have the intention of getting hurt someone and not to invade his rights.
It is not Gods will merely that we should be happy, but we should make
ourselves happy. God had already filled our hearts with happiness. He even
brings the sun to shine both the righteous and unrighteous. Our happiness
depends on our own effort. We search for happiness, wait for it, or realize from
it. Happiness is a choice and it is subjective. - Immanuel Kant
All of these contributions enlighten my mind and serves as my guidelines
for my future.
PHILOSOPHY OF MY LIFE
The purpose of life is love. A life without love is worthless. This is my
main philosophy in life. I learned this on the series of movies that Ive watched
during the sem. I am a type of person that I can give and sacrifice things just
to make someone special to me to be happy. I prefer to suffer from it not just
my love ones. I see my life as worthy due to the love I shared to my family,
friends, colleagues, and patients. I find already the purpose of my existence
which is the greatest and unending gift that I received and that is my passion. I
am using my profession to touch lives. Nursing is calling but only few are chosen.
Im happy and blessed that God is there guiding me and trusting me to be the
one of the chosen ones. We exist because of love, if we do not love then there
is no meaning of our existence. We need to love and to be loved to achieve
happiness and happiness is the ultimate purpose of life. Happiness is not easy to
achieve and you cannot deny into yourself if you are really happy. It is so easy
to pretend that you are happy but in contrary your heart is broken into pieces.
Every human deserves to find the meaning of life that God created.
Time is gold. I am a type A personality where I used my time wisely. Every
now and then, I set goals to achieve it because I want that my life is worthy by
enjoying the time allotted for me for the needs and concerns of my family and
friends. Time is very essential for me. Planning is my best weapon for my
everyday life. It seems that I cant face the situation without preparing it. I
challenge myself for any surprises. I feel that not planning for the situation
feels me different and great. I learned this pat few days that I must not in
hurry and instead enjoy every moment of my life.
Equality for all. Do we have equality nowadays? Morality takes place in
dealing people.
Never give up. Determination is a lot like superglue. When you have the
will to stick to something, you will eventually succeed. Pursue your dreams with
determination. Never give up.
Help others in need. Its important to help others in need. A generous gift
is giving more than is expected- more than is required. The next time you have
an opportunity to give, open your heart wide and give abundantly. You might be
surprised at the unexpected return on your investment.
Be what you are. This is the first step toward becoming better than you
are.
Willing to fail. The greatest minds in the world were willing to fail until
they succeed.
All your heart. Wherever you go, go with all your heart.
Happiness is a choice. Discover the things that make you happy and
dedicate your life to enjoying them every day.






Philosophy
of
Man
Submitted by:
Mannylyn Echavaria
MAN-1
Submitted to:
Mr. Jose Mainggang