Direccion Regional del Norte

School circuit 01



School
Saint Vincent School


Project: How to prevent Aedes Aegypti bites?


Category: Social

Student: Joscelyn Carrillo lvarez

Tutor: Laura Piedra C.

-2013-










HOW TO PREVENT AEDES AEGYTI BITES?


ABSTRACT
DENGUE
It is an infectious, contagious, transmitted by the mosquito Aedes
aegypti . Infection causes flu-like symptoms and sometimes evolves
into a potentially deadly, called severe dengue or dengue
hemorrhagic fever.
There are four dengue viruses similar to one another but not equal :
Dengue -1
Dengue -2
Dengue -3
Dengue -4
Any of these 4 varieties can produce disease, the most common is
the classical dengue type 1, and is less frequent in DHF. It is
characterized by a sudden onset, fever for three to five days, severe
headache, muscle and joint pain, urticarial rash with fever return,
there is a lack of appetite in sick, causing changes in the digestive
and weakening of the body.

TRANSMISSION FORM
Dengue disease is transmitted by the bite of the Aedes aegypti :
The virus is transmitted to humans through the saliva of a
mosquito.
The virus replicates in target organs.
Virus infected leukocytes and lymphoid tissues.
The virus is released into the organs.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES
It must find ways to control the disease:
1. Educating people about personal measures , such as the
destruction or elimination of larval habitats and protection against
mosquito bites daytime activity , including the use of mosquito nets,
protective clothing and repellents.
2. Eliminate breeding sites for this should be a quick and early
detection of an outbreak of dengue.
3. Isolation of affected patients.
Other preventive measures include:
Avoid keeping water containers.
Renew vases and drinking water.
Keep containers upside down when not in use.
Clean canals and drains.
Keep indoor or leaky tire.


JUSTIFICATION

According to the Pan American Health Organization, the weather
conditions, unplanned urbanization, the water supply difficulties,
impaired control programs Aedes aegypti mosquito, the lack of
insecticides with a good cost-effectiveness and lack of health
education are important factors related to the spread of Aedes
aegypti.
Another important factor in the geographical expansion of mosquito
has been international trade in used tires, to collect rainwater, is an
ideal habitat for the mosquito. This has caused today Dengue
outbreaks in different parts of the country.


PROBLEM
The research topic arises the following question : How to prevent
Aedes aegypti mosquito bites transmitting Dengue virus ?
OBJECTIVES

General Purpose
Develop a project to inform people about preventing mosquito bites
from the Aedes aegypti mosquito who transmit dengue virus.

Specific Objectives
1. Define who is the Dengue virus and its characteristics.
2. Explain the Dengue virus transmission.
3. Provide information about preventing Aedes aegypti mosquito
bites and how to prevent dengue virus transmission .


THEORETICAL CONTENT

Aedes aegypti mosquito:
The Aedes aegypti (scientific name), or better known to us as
dengue , is a small insect, which originated in Africa , Ethiopia in the
region where the largest number of species of the subgenus . In this
there are three main varieties: variant Aedes aegypti aegypti, Aedes
aegypti var. Formous and Aedes aegypti var. Queenslandensis.
Aegypti variant is the most widely distributed in the world. Aedes
Aegypti measures approximately 5 mm long. It is black and has long
legs with white rings, which can only be observed in detail by an
optical microscope. These white patches are characteristic of the
mosquito species belongs. The Aedes Aegypi has a hallmark, a lyre
on the back of the chest scales formed clear ( white ), females and
males have similar designs, males are less robust .
This insect is one of the main transmitters of the disease dengue
and yellow fever , and one of the 56 species found in Latin America .
This insect looks harmless and often overlooked, because the
females have reduced causing the buzzing fly.
DENGUE
It is an infectious, contagious , transmitted by the mosquito Aedes
aegypti . Infection causes flu-like symptoms and sometimes evolves
into a potentially deadly, called severe dengue or dengue
hemorrhagic fever.

There are four dengue viruses similar to one another but not equal :
Dengue -1
Dengue -2
Dengue -3
Dengue -4
Any of these 4 varieties can produce disease, the most common is
the classical dengue type 1, and is less frequent in DHF. It is
characterized by a sudden onset, fever for three to five days, severe
headache, muscle and joint pain, urticarial rash with fever return,
there is a lack of appetite in sick, causing changes in the digestive
and weakening of the body.
DENGUE TYPES
Classic Dengue: The most common , in most cases, is characterized
by a sudden onset of fever which is more than 38 C , for a limited
period ( of 2-7 days). Some of its symptoms are :
Headache
Pain behind the eye orbits, to move
Muscle pain
Joint pain
Nausea, vomiting
Rash
Discomfort in light
Conjunctivitis
Mild abdominal pain
Diarrhea
Taste changes
High fever
Loss of appetite
Cold
Chills
Agitation
Among other
In this type of dengue mortality is zero, convalescence is often
prolonged, lasting several weeks. In children under five years , is
often only a fever. The fever lasts about 5 days. Dengue
hemorrhagic fever. It's another way that you can present the
dengue virus, although it is rare. It is the most serious form of
dengue, so both can lead to death of the patient, which mainly
affects children aged patients. Dengue hemorrhagic fever includes
classic dengue symptoms, which are added bleeding and
abnormalities in the clotting mechanism, which can often
compromise vital organs.
General symptoms:
High temperature 2 to 7 days
Bleeding in different parts of the body
Shortness of breath
Swelling in the face
Vomiting or diarrhea
Lack of appetite
Pallor
Sweating
Sleepiness
TRANSMISSION FORM
Dengue disease is transmitted by the bite of the Aedes aegypti :
The virus is transmitted to humans through the saliva of a
mosquito.
The virus replicates in target organs.
Virus infected leukocytes and lymphoid tissues.
The virus is released into the organs.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

It must find ways to control the disease:
1. Educating people about personal measures , such as the
destruction or elimination of larval habitats and protection against
mosquito bites daytime activity , including the use of mosquito nets,
protective clothing and repellents.
2. Eliminate breeding sites for this should be a quick and early
detection of an outbreak of dengue.
3. Isolation of affected patients.
Other preventive measures include:
Avoid keeping water containers.
Renew vases and drinking water.
Keep containers upside down when not in use.
Clean canals and drains.
Keep indoor or leaky tire.

HOW TO PREVENT MOSQUITO BITES
Aedes aegypti addition to the measures outlined above, there are
other personal measures: Using repellents on children: The
American Academy of Pediatrics suggests using repellents with
DEET concentrations in infants under two months of age. Use of
other compounds: citronella oil is an extract from terpene derivatives
present in different plant species . In its action seems to produce an
unpleasant effect on sensory endings and produces a chemical
blocking the perception of insects.


NATURAL REPELLENT AGAINST MOSQUITO
Clove : Mix 1 liter of alcohol in 100 cm3 of oil or any baby Johnson ,
(to avoid drying out the skin), and about 30 cloves infusion. Leave
for several hours and then apply on the body.
Eucalyptus : Boil some eucalyptus leaves are strained and the liquid
obtained is poured into small containers and then place them in all
rooms and on the shelves of the cupboards.
Lavender: Lavender oil mix with some oil or body lotion and apply on
the body.
Basil: We place several fresh plants in the windows of the house or
vaporize in a burner two or three drops of their essence.
Almond oil : Mix 100 ml . Sweet almond oil and add 20 drops of basil
oil and other geranium 20 . It is suitable for children and babies.






METHODOLOGY


Basic, applied and documentary.


PRESENTATION AND DATA ANALYSIS

Experts emphasized that the only way to defeat this disease is
continuing the fight to eliminate breeding sites and prevent bites.
This will only be achieved by following the recommendations
mentioned in our theoretical content.
Also due to the high cost of repellents would be important to educate
the public on the use and preparation of homemade repellents and
mosquito traps at household level.
Despite publicity campaigns regarding the elimination of breeding,
according to a report in The Nation: " So far this year , 5,219 people
were required to be admitted to hospitals in the Social Security Fund
because of dengue. According to data from epidemiological
surveillance area to the 40th week of the year, the total admissions,
115 people had severe dengue. Patients who require hospitalization
for this disease are hospitalized an average of three days, while
those with severe dengue remain about four days. CCSS keeps
dengue units in different centers Moseor Sanabria Hospital, La
Anexin, Liberia , Gupiles and San Vicente de Paul. According to
epidemiologists Kivers William and Catherine Ramirez, patients who
are admitted are those with platelet counts below 100,000,
hemodynamic instability, evidence of spontaneous bleeding,
presence of dengue in infants and pregnant people and by their
remoteness patients cannot attend to a medical facility quickly. "For
this reason our project is oriented to the disclosure of information,
prevention and elimination of mosquito that transmits the dengue
virus.
The use of mosquito traps in specific locations of households is
effective because it manages to catch mosquitoes that could cause
Dengue virus .
The use of repellents on the skin, managed efficiently avoid
mosquito bites.
Eliminating breeding mosquitoes a decrease dengue mosquito by
eliminating reproduction.
Aedes aegypti addition to the measures outlined above, there are
other personal measures: Using repellents on children: The
American Academy of Pediatrics suggests using repellents with
DEET concentrations in infants under two months of age. Use of
other compounds: citronella oil is an extract from terpene derivatives
present in different plant species . In its action seems to produce an
unpleasant effect on sensory endings and produces a chemical
blocking the perception of insects.
CONCLUSION

Dengue is a disease that has been very difficult to control for the
Ministry of Health due to the low education of people throughout the
country and due to adaptation and resistance of the mosquito.
For this reason, it is important not to diminish the awareness
campaign people about this disease that can cause death.
We need to increase prevention measures using homemade traps
and homemade repellents due to its low cost and easy access to the
ingredients they contain can be use by anyone.
This will stop removing breeding sites of Aedes aegypti .This work
allowed us to improve our knowledge of the disease and increase
our level of responsibility for prevention.



RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Continue with education and prevention campaigns in the media
such as television and radio.
2. Keep better control of people who are affected by the dengue
virus.
3. Provide quick health care to patients affected by the disease.
4. Create mosquito traps and place them in parks and other public
places.


BIBLIOGRAFY


es.wikipedia.org/wiki/dengue
www.ministeriodesalud.go.cr/.../516/saluddengue.ccss.sa.cr/enlaces
_cr/enlacescr03.html
Ministerio de Salud. Informe Semana Epidiemiolgica 2010.












ANNEXES

PREVENTION CAMPAINS


























SINTOMS AND CICLE OF TRANSMISION