DTS-SI TECHNOLOGY

Dr.D.Y.Patil Poly. Ambi

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Introduction

DTS-i and DTS-Si Technology A Short Overview
Everyone might have heard of the motorcycles powered by DTSI and DTS-SI
technology. So here is a quick look at what this technology is and if it is better than the
technologies used in a normal (non-DTSI) powered bikes.
DTSI stands for Digital twin spark ignition.
The technology is currently used in Bajaj motorcycles in India because they have
patent rights. Digital twin spark ignition technology powered engine has spark plugs at
either sides of the combustion chamber. Engines powered by DTSI technology will
have greater combustion rate because of twin spark plugs located around it. DTSI
technology enables the engine to combust fuel at double rate than normal, this
enhances both engine life and makes it fuel-efficient i.e. better as regards mileage
A side of making the engine fuel efficient, the technology also enriches the power of
the bike. The technology also results in smoother operation, adjusts the engine to
varied temperature fluctuations and makes the motorbike resistant too breakdown.
Overall, the bikes with the technology are supposed to live longer, run smoother with
high fuel efficiency.
DTS-SI on the other hand is an upgraded version of the present DTSI technology
developed by research and development team of Bajaj and they have patented it too.
Under this technology, the digital twin spark plugs are located at same place like in
DTSI technology engines but in an inclined or diagonal manner. This offset of things
further expounds the process of combustion and makes the ignition of fuel and air
faster, resulting in enhanced power and expanded fuel efficiency.


DTS-SI TECHNOLOGY

Dr.D.Y.Patil Poly. Ambi
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Literature

Alfa Romeo Twin Spark (TS) technology was used first time in Alfa Romeo Grand
Prix car in 1914. In the early 1960s it was used in their race cars (GTA, TZ) to enable
it to achieve a higher power output from its engines. And in the early and middle
1980s, Alfa Romeo incorporated this technology into their road cars to enhance their
performance and to comply with stricter emission controls.
The 'Twin Spark'
Twin Spark name usually refers to the dual ignition engines installed in Alfa Romeo cars.
The 8 valve engine was fitted initially to the Alfa Romeo 75 but also the Alfa Romeo 164
and Alfa Romeo 155. The 16 valve engines appeared in the Alfa Romeo 145, Alfa Romeo
146, Alfa Romeo 155, Alfa Romeo 156, Alfa Romeo 147, Alfa Romeo 166, Alfa Romeo
GTV & Spider and even Alfa Romeo GT models.
The TS series engines are all '4 cylinder inline' with twin cam (DOHC) shafts. The
original 8 valve engine featured a light alloy (Si enhanced alu alloy) block + head, wet
cooled iron cylinder liners and the camshafts were driven by double row timing chains
(long and short). Similar design to the earlier and famous Alfa Romeo DOHC engines,
but with narrower valve angle on this model.
The two sparks on the 8V Alfa Twin Spark engines do not fire at exactly the same time
(true at least of the 75 which uses traditional ignition coils with king leads and
distributors). This was deliberate to avoid the most powerful part of the flame fronts
meeting at the centre (weakest part) of the piston. As there are 2 symmetrically placed
sparks plugs, the flame front must travel less distance which allows less ignition advance
to be used and it is accepted ignition timing can be closer to optimal than a single spark
plug would allow. Also, leaner mixtures can also be tolerated for better fuel economy.
The 8V engine also has 8 identical spark plugs. There is no room for a centrally
positioned spark plug due to the 2 valve design which uses a 44mm diameter inlet valve
on the 2.0 engine.

DTS-SI TECHNOLOGY

Dr.D.Y.Patil Poly. Ambi
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On 16V engines there is room for a spark plug in the centre of the cylinder as in all 4-
valve configuration engines, but also a second smaller plug (off to the side on the axis) is
installed. Both of the plugs fire at exactly the same time on compression and exhaust
stroke, due to the way in which the coils are paired (1&4 and 2&3). This production
economy allows the use of 4 coils, instead of eight, which would normally be required to
fire eight plugs, and is common practice called "wasted spark" system. (used also in Ford
EDIS system as well as in some Alfa Romeo V6 engines 3 coils for the 6 cylinders). The
main reason for the wasted spark system is cost. As both plugs are connected to the same
coil the spark one of them operates with reversed polarity and requires decreased
breakdown voltage. On the later CF3 (2001 on Euro 3 emissions standard) 16v TS the
four coils fire the same cylinder spark plugs (so not 1 and 4 and 2 and 3 as pairs but coil
#1 fires the big and small plug of cylinder 1, and so on). The TS 16V engines, 1.6, 1.8
and 2.0, all use a 10 mm diameter and a 14 mm diameter long life platinum electrode
spark plug per cylinder. The spark plugs have a replacement interval of 100,000
kilometres (62,000 mi). The operation of the Twin spark engine has been subject to much
debate but this is the general theory of operation, as described by Auto Italia magazine.



























DTS-SI TECHNOLOGY

Dr.D.Y.Patil Poly. Ambi
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Construction & Working:-

DTS-SI technology -:

DTS-Si stands for digital twin spark - swirl ignition, it is similar to DTS-i technology
difference being the cylinder has grooves which causes turbulence of the air fuel
mixture entering the cylinder making it 'swirl' hence better combustion takes place,
giving better efficiency and power.

The DTS-SI - Digital Twin Spark Swirl Ignition : -
Technology is a Revolution in the modern motorcycling era in the country today and
we would be the first to offer it to our consumers. This offers phenomenal performance
augmentation and is patented by Bajaj Auto.

Twin Sparkplugs for faster and better combustion. Currently one spark plug at one
end of the combustion chamber is the conventional practice. The flame front created
by the spark takes some time to reach the farthest portion of the combustion chamber.
This leads to slower
burning of the Air-fuel mixture and creates limitations in optimizing the combustion
chamber characteristics. 2 spark plugs at either ends of the combustion chamber help
in faster and better combustion. This combustion process of Twin Spark plugs is being
patented by Bajaj Auto Ltd. (Digital Twin Spark ignition)

Ignition with a Digital C.D.I.
A Digital CDI with an 8 bit microprocessor chip handles the spark delivery. The
programmed chips memory contains an optimum Ignition timing for any given engine
rpm, thereby obtaining the best performance characteristics from the combustion
chamber. Working together with the TRICSIII system, it delivers Optimum Ignition
Timing for varying load conditions.

TRICS III.
Throttle Responsive Ignition Control System IIIrd generation. It is a means of
controlling the Ignition by operating the Throttle. Depending on the needs of the Rider
whether it be cruising, acceleration or max speed, the ignition requirements constantly
change. Based on a particular amount of Throttle opening, the Magnetic field
DTS-SI TECHNOLOGY

Dr.D.Y.Patil Poly. Ambi
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generated by the Magnet opens or closes the
Reed switch. The Reed switch is connected to the Digital CDI, which signals the CDI
to change/switch, the desired Ignition Advance Timing Maps. This helps in achieving
a good balance between drive ability and Optimum Ignition Spark advance, resulting
in an almost perfect Ignition Spark advance for every Throttle opening and Engine
rpm.
Constant Velocity (CV) Carburetor: The CV carburetor continues to provide high
level of performance.
In this technology you will find two spark plugs to ignite the charge in the combustion
chamber. This is overcome by the DTS-I by having 2 spark sources on the opposite
sides which reduces the flame travel as stated above. Hence no detonation...
Because the ignition rate is double; the power is generated much faster and after
combustion product and gases expands more faster which in turns push the piston more
powerfully and we get better pickup and because approximately all the fuel being ignited
at once we get better fuel efficiency as well
Bajaj R&D says that combustion chambers having low turbulence give rise to
propagation of a flame front, which is akin to that of a gradually expanding balloon. This
results in a slower rate of combustion and thus slower rate of pressure rise. The end result
is lower efficiency. When high turbulence is generated and combustion takes place, the
surface of the ballooning flame front fragments itself, with projection like fingers, and
this increases its surface area, thereby improving combustion further.
DTS-SI TECHNOLOGY

Dr.D.Y.Patil Poly. Ambi
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Fig.1.1 Cut section of DTS-Si Engine.
How DTS-SI system is better than other technology?
"... One key element of the Bajaj Presentation at the A-Expo is the
display of the new Hi-tech DTS-SI engine that delivers far superior performance than
the single spark engines. The path-breaking new DTS-SI engines utilize Dual Spark
ignition for faster and better combustion. Conventional 2-wheeler engines use one
spark plug at one end of the combustion chamber. The disadvantage of the single spark
engine is that the flame front takes some time to reach the farthest portion of the
combustion chamber. This leads to slower burning of the Air-fuel mixture and creates
limitations in optimizing the combustion chamber characteristics. Hence, 2 spark plugs
at either ends of the combustion chamber help in faster and better combustion. This
superior combustion offers both superior power and superior fuel efficiency besides of
course reducing emissions. Bajaj Auto has already introduced the DTS-SI technology
DTS-SI TECHNOLOGY

Dr.D.Y.Patil Poly. Ambi
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on the Pulsar Twins and would shortly be introducing it on the new Wave scooter. A
worldwide patent for this technology has been applied further DTS-i engine on the
Bajaj Pulsar comes with Digital CDI for optimum ignition timing and TRICS III
ignition control system to further optimize performance."


Fig.1.2 Difference between Conventional & DTS-Si Induction

Swirl Ignition
The effects of swirl and tumble on combustion in spark-ignition
engines

A review has been made of rotating flow (swirl and tumble) in premixed spark-ignition
engines and its effects on turbulence generation and flame propagation. Rotating flow
can significantly increase turbulence intensity during the combustion period. This in
turn can lead to a reduced burning period and increased thermal efficiency. Rotating
flow, possibly in combination with squish, can be particularly important for
combustion of lean mixtures or with alternative fuels of low laminar flame speed. In
general, rotating flow can substantially increase flame propagation speed, reduce
DTS-SI TECHNOLOGY

Dr.D.Y.Patil Poly. Ambi
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cyclic variations, and expand the lean limit, though excessive rotational motion can
have deleterious effects on induction system flow resistance and also on heat transfer
and thermal efficiency. Much research work has been devoted to swirl (rotational
motion around an axis parallel to the axis of the cylinder), but in recent years
increasing attention has been paid to tumble (rotational motion around an axis
perpendicular to the cylinder axis). Swirl and tumble have distinctive characteristics
and can interact differently with piston motion and squish. The optimum rotating flow
field may be a combination of the two kinds of rotational motion. The principle
features of the mean velocity and turbulence fields associated with these rotational
motions are reviewed, as well as the mechanisms for decay, generation, transport and
enhancement of in-cylinder turbulence. Substantial advances in experimental method
and in numerical simulation are leading to better understanding of the effects of swirl
and tumble on engine performance.


Fig.1.3 Two types of induction effect.


DTS-SI TECHNOLOGY

Dr.D.Y.Patil Poly. Ambi
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Some primary features of DTSI and DTS-SI technologies are:
The engine becomes powerful and fuel-efficient.
The expected life of the motorcycle increases.
Bikes powered by the technologies are very well resistant to breakdowns and
temperature fluctuations.
The throttle response considerably enhances.
As of now, only Bajaj manufactures bikes with both the technology, as it is the only
manufacturer in India holding patent over the technology for small bikes. One classic
example of DTS-SI powered bike is XCD 125. This was all about DTSI and DTS-SI.




Fig. 1.4 Valve To Produce Swirl Induction Effect

DTS-SI TECHNOLOGY

Dr.D.Y.Patil Poly. Ambi

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What is DTS-Si? And Does DTS-i use 2 spark plugs or 2 sparks? And do
they fire at the same time?

DTS-Si (Digital Twin Spark-Swirl induction) technology. The new engine with
swirl induction is expected to give an amazing mileage of 109 km per litter under
ideal (standard) test conditions, which is higher than the mileage the current 100cc
motorcycles offer.
Based on DTS-Si technology, the new engine is expected to give good mileage
without compromising on performance.
The technology in a conventional single-spark-plug-equipped combustion
chamber and the rate of combustion is relatively slow. The spark plug, usually
situated at one end of the combustion chamber, ignites the air-fuel mixture and the
ensuing flame spreads like a slowly inflating balloon. There is an inevitable delay
for this inflating balloon to reach the furthest part of the combustion chamber. So,
there are pockets of poor combustion within the chamber and overall, the
combustion is slow and inefficient.
The Digital Twin Spark Swirl ignition (DTS-SI) technology that Bajaj developed
a few years ago and has incorporated in many of its current engines takes care of
the slow rate of combustion in a simple but novel way. The cylinder head is
equipped with two spark plugs, instead of the usual one. By generating two sparks
at either ends of the combustion chamber, (approximately 90 to the valve axis)
the air-fuel mixture gets ignited in a way that creates two flame fronts and,
therefore, a reduction in flame travel of the order of 40 per cent is achieved. A fast
rate of combustion is achieved leading to faster rise in pressure. The obvious
outcome of this is more torque, better fuel efficiency and lower emissions.
While that sounds logical and simplistic, TVS Motor claims that the same effect is
achieved by employing a single spark plug with differential sparking cycles.



DTS-SI TECHNOLOGY

Dr.D.Y.Patil Poly. Ambi

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Fig.1.5 Swirl Induction

Engine
This sporty bike powered by a strong and high performing power train. It sports 4 stroke,
DTS-I, air cooled engine. Maximum power and torque is increased in the 178.60cc bike.
The DTS-SI engine develops maximum power of 17.05PS at 8500 rpm and churns
maximum torque of 14.22 NM at 6000 rpm. The Digital Twin Spark ignition technology
provides the engine to perform in much better way whether it is speed, acceleration or
power. Contrary to the general one spark plug at the end of the combustion chamber, this
bike comes with Bajaj patented DTS-I tech which have two spark plugs at both end of the
combustion chamber.

This technology does faster and better combustion. For handling the spark delivery, a
DTS-SI TECHNOLOGY

Dr.D.Y.Patil Poly. Ambi

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digital CDI chip is there. That gives optimum ignition time for load conditions. In
addition to this, a Throttle Response Ignition System III (TRICS III) controls the ignition
by operating the throttle. The new Pulsar 150 also breathes through a CV carburetor but
relies on a straightforward electronic ignition system to supply the sparks. The pickup is
awesome.
2003


2003 Model Bajaj pulsar 150 cc
The second generation Pulsars featured Bajaj Auto's newly developed DTS-Si
technology, which increased the power rating of both versions by 1 hp (0.75 kW) each
and also increased fuel economy .This model also introduce a new headlamp assembly,
1,320 mm wheelbase, and standard twin-tone horn and trip meter.











DTS-SI TECHNOLOGY

Dr.D.Y.Patil Poly. Ambi

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Advantages:
Less vibrations and noise
Long life of the engine parts such as piston rings and valve stem.
Decrease in the specific fuel consumption
No overheating
Gradual increases in the pressure hence power is uniformly distributed
throughout the crank angle and hence smooth ride.

Disadvantages:-

The main disadvantage is the maintenance of the two spark plugs
Excessive cooling equipment required
Since high voltage sparks are continuously produced the heat due to sparking
need to be cooled effectively
Cost increases due to additional technology










DTS-SI TECHNOLOGY

Dr.D.Y.Patil Poly. Ambi

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Conclusion:-
By inventing DTS-SI Technology Bajaj Company had stamped his better
image in the Indian Two Wheeler Market.
Due to this technology following implementation in engine were happened:-
Less pollution is created.
Due to complete combustion average of bike get raise.
Noise & vibrations are minimized.
Increase in life of engine & engine parts.
Higher pickup is achieved.
















DTS-SI TECHNOLOGY

Dr.D.Y.Patil Poly. Ambi

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Reference(s):
http://www.bajajauto.com/press/autoexpo2
http://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080421233859AAFJORU
http://bikeadvice.in/dtsi-dtssi-technology-short-overview/