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United arab emirates (UAE) faces the challenge of achieving sustainabil ity in the industry sites. One of the major obstacles encountered in the increasing amount of waste material resulting from the activi ties of manufacturing, construction and land filled. The actual cost of waste is not just the cost of discarded materials, which includes the inefficient use of raw material s, and the unnecessary use of energy and water.
United arab emirates (UAE) faces the challenge of achieving sustainabil ity in the industry sites. One of the major obstacles encountered in the increasing amount of waste material resulting from the activi ties of manufacturing, construction and land filled. The actual cost of waste is not just the cost of discarded materials, which includes the inefficient use of raw material s, and the unnecessary use of energy and water.
United arab emirates (UAE) faces the challenge of achieving sustainabil ity in the industry sites. One of the major obstacles encountered in the increasing amount of waste material resulting from the activi ties of manufacturing, construction and land filled. The actual cost of waste is not just the cost of discarded materials, which includes the inefficient use of raw material s, and the unnecessary use of energy and water.
Table of Contents Introduction............................................................................................. 3 Complete waste management .................................................................... 4 A pilot study ............................................................................................. 5 Logistic matters whi ch may be disclosed by a pi lot study ............................. 6 Quantitati ve Anal ysi s ................................................................................ 7 References ............................................................................................. 10
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Introduction United Arab Emi rates (UAE) faces the challenge of achieving sustainabil ity in the industry sites. One of the major obstacles encountered in the increasing amount of waste material resulting from the activi ties of manufacturing, construction and land filled. The actual cost of waste is not just the cost of discarded materials, which includes the inefficient use of raw material s, and the unnecessary use of energy and water, defective products and the disposal of waste by-products, waste treatment and lost work. Over the twentieth century, has prompted a growing awareness of the effects of envi ronmental and public health associated with human activities in the development and application of methods and techniques to reduce the effects of pollution. The resulting environmental consequences of rapid industriali zation in accidents are countless of land, resources and locations of air and water being contaminated by toxic substances and other pollutants, whi ch threatens humans and ecosystems with serious health risks. The creation and use of more extensi ve and intensi ve materials and energy accumulated pressures on the quality of local ecosystems, regional and global. It served as the basis for specific concepts approach control: The concept of carrying capacity, whi ch confirm the exi stence of a certain level of emissions in the environment that do not lead to unacceptable health effects of environmental or human. The principle of the concept of control, whi ch is supposed to envi ronmental damage can be avoided by controll ing the manner and time and the rate at which poisons enter the envi ronment . Quantitati ve Anal ysi s Report 2014
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Complete waste management Under the perspecti ve of pollution control, waste is considered as an undesirable by-product of the production process that wil l be contained so as to ensure that no contamination of soil, water and air resources beyond the levels that are consi dered acceptable. It also became the techni ques of envi ronmental pollution control in a more sophisticated and more expensi ve, and there was a growing interest in ways to incorporate prevention in the design of industrial processes in order to eliminate adverse envi ronmental effects at the same time enhancing the competiti veness of industries. Among the benefits of the approach to prevent pollution, and clean technologies and toxic use reduction i s the possibil ity to eliminate the exposure of workers to health ri sks. Pollution prevention approach focuses directl y on the use of processes and practices, material s and energy that avoid or minimi ze the creation of pollutants and waste at the source, and not on the "add-on" mitigation measures. While the commitment of companies play a decisi ve role in the decision to follow the prevention of pollution.
Fi gure-1 Waste classification Quantitati ve Anal ysi s Report 2014
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A pilot study The pilot or feasibil ity study is a small experiment designed to test logisti cs and gather information prior to larger study, in order to improve the qual ity and efficiency of the last. An experimental study may discl ose deficiencies in the design and passed the test or procedure proposed, and this then can be processed by the ti me and resources to the large scale studies. Are not they usuall y conducting experiments with objects in separation, but is part of the program search. Strategy requi res good research and careful planning are often part of a pilot study of this strategy.
Fi gure-2 Techniques of Waste reduction
An experimental study is usuall y small compared to the main trial and therefore can only provide limited information about the size and sources of variation of response measures. It is unlikel y, for example, that Pilot study alone can provide sufficient data to analyze the volatil ity of the ability to estimate the number of objects to include in the experiment is wel l desi gned. A systematic review of the literature or even a single publication is more convenient information source the twists and turns. Pilot study can, however, provide vital information on the severity of the proposed treatments or procedures. Quantitati ve Anal ysi s Report 2014
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Logistic matters which may be disclosed by a pilot study A pilot study may deal with a number of logistical matters. As part of the research approach the following aspects can be solved preceding to the core study: Ensure that the instructions gi ven to the researchers (random actions) are understandable. Ensure that sufficient technical researchers and experts in the process. Check the accurate function of the apparatus. Ensure that experimental objects could lead task (physical or cogniti ve). Verifying the reliabi lity and val idity of the results the discl osure of the impact of the floor or cei ling (for example, if the task i s too hard or too easy and no biased results). Assess whether the appropriate level of intervention. Determine the negati ve effects (pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm and) as a result of this procedure, and the effectiveness of actions to reduce them. Determine humanitarian earl y endpoints. If we do not bring a pilot study to modify the materials or procedures, data can be suitable for Incorporated in the main study. The sampling strategy used to determine the issues and the possibi lity of changes with the passage of time and should be considered carefully before integrating experimental data. Even if we do not use experimental data in this so even if the final design is markedl y different from the pilot, which is useful to include information about the pilot study in any publication or reports arising from the main study and this could be the future of design experiments.
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Quantitative Analysis is provided in the following Note: The currency is considered as AED not $. PAYOFFS Outcomes Maximax Maximin Alternatives High demand Low demand Max payoff Choice Min payoff Choice Large plant $100,000 - $40,000 $100,000 Best -$40,000 Small plant $60,000 - $10,000 $60,000 -$10,000 No plant $0 $0 $0 $0 Best
PAYOFFS Outcomes Hurwicz Equally likely Alternatives High demand Low demand Realism payoff Choice Average payoff Choice Large plant $100,000 - $40,000 $23,000 Best $30,000 Best Small plant $60,000 - $10,000 $21,500 $25,000 No plant $0 $0 $0 $0
= 0.45
REGRET Outcomes Minimax
Alternatives High demand Low demand Max regret Choice
Large plant $0
$40,000 $40,000 Best
Small plant $40,000
$10,000 $40,000 Best
No plant $100,000 $0 $100,000
Table-1
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PAYOFFS Outcomes Maximize EMV Alternatives High demand Low demand EMV Choice Large plant $100,000 -$40,000 $22,000 Best Small plant $60,000 -$10,000 $16,000 No plant $0 $0 $0 Probability 0.3 0.2
Best outcome $100,000 $0 $0
Expected Value WITH Perfect Information (EVwPI) = $30,000 Best Expected Monetary Value (EMV) = $22,000 Expected Value OF Perfect Information (EVPI) = $8,000
REGRET Outcomes Minimize EOL Alternatives High demand Low demand EOL Choice Large plant $0 $40,000 $8,000 Best Small plant $40,000 $10,000 $14,000 No plant $100,000 $0 $30,000 Probability 0.3 0.2 Table-2 Decision Tree
Alternative 1
0
0 0
1
0
Alternative 2
0
0 0
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0.33333
Outcome 4
0
0 0
0.33333
Alternative 1
Outcome 5
0
0 0
0 0
0.33333
Outcome 6
0
0 0
0.33333
Outcome 7
0
0 0
1
0
0.33333
Alternative 2
Outcome 8
0
0 0
0 0
0.33333
Outcome 9
0
0 0
Alternative 3
0
0 0
For more detail, please see the excel sheets.
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References Envi ronmental pollution control and prevention, (2011) by Maystre,Lucien Y., Spiegel, Jerry. The importance of pilot studies in the development of waste management plants by C. Robert Reiss, P.E. MATERIAL WASTE IN THE UAE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: MAIN CAUSES AND MINIMISATION PRACTICES by Al-Hajj, PhD, Heri ot-Watt University, K. Hamani, MSc, Heriot -Watt Uni versity QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS APPROACHES TO QUALITATIVE DATA: WHY, WHEN AND HOW by Savitri Abeyasekera Waste and pollution sources of Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates Zurbrugg, C. (2009). Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries. (www.sanicon.net). Accessed on 18 t h July,2009.