Oil Drilling Problems

The oil drilling is not easy. The fact that the holes can exceed six
kilometers and can be made in the most inhospitable places on earth,
always involves some danger. In the article presented below will be
announced the most frequent problems during the drilling.
The onslaught
It is known to attack to a situation where the drilling fluid has a lower
than other fluids found in the drilled strata pressure. These fluids may
be the same oil or gas or water bags which are in the path of the bit. In
these cases, a column of fluid pushes up the drilling fluid making up
the annular space. This can be seen on the surface due to the
increase of volume and pressure experienced by the tank drilling mud
separation.
To prevent thrusts is important to maintain the column pressure of
drilling fluid exerted on the shaft. In the case of a drop in plant and
failure of the fluid pump may produce a thrust. Another case in which
this occurs is the lack of filling pressure while the drill pipe is removed.
During this time, if not properly fill the fluid well, a dash may occur
because the string exerts a high pressure on the walls of the hole.
The processes to stop increase thrust based on the pressure of the
drilling fluid to be able to leave the drill bit and perform their usual
function. The attack is the most dangerous gas because of its high
speed, flammability and hydrogen sulfide content; which can be
extremely corrosive to the strings.
The basic control equipment onslaught is called Stack or Stacking
Arrangement. This system is able to seal the well and control the fluid
flow preventing these uncontrollably out and allowing secure
movement of the pipe string. The system consists of a set of seals,
valves and pipes placed in the wellhead.
The blowout
The outbreak is a blowout after the attack phase and occurs when it is
completely out of control. If we can not restore the pressure of the
drilling fluid during a well thrust eject the oil, gas or water; until the
parameter is reset. Notably, the blowout can last for days, even
months, with security issues, environmental and economic entails. For
the reader an idea of the magnitude of the situation is in this picture an
oil well blowout state.
Fire
The fire danger is closely linked to the tasks of exploitation and
transportation of petroleum products. The most common cases of fire
in oil drilling occur after a blowout. Hydrocarbon column expelled by
the reservoir, when in contact with oxygen in the air, form an explosive
atmosphere. In situations of bursting sparks possible stresses due to
the high forces to which the installation undergoes crude. Note that in
an installation of this type, the fire systems meet the highest standards
even for the simple drop a metal piece a spark that ignites the mixture
may occur.
Binding
The binding and unscrew are problems with the drill string. In the case
that one of the strings or other elements getting stuck unscrewing or
extract becomes a complex operation commonly known as "fishing."
The string can even split due to the efforts must support and, if so;
usually does it for one of their meetings.
This requires, if possible, to remove all of the string and through
hooks, strings and extracting the deadening element baskets. There
are situations that the string of pipe is completely stuck and can not be
removed which leads to the abandonment of the hole. In other cases
clogging may opt to divert drilling.
The collapse
Due to the efforts and vibrations transmitted to the geological strata
the hole may assign moving large masses of rocks and disabling the
well. In order to prevent the collapse of the foundation work that well,
covering the well with cement performed, endow stiffness. The string
of pipe and the drilling fluid also contribute, because they support
efforts to stop landslides.