TSO - 02 - System Approach PDF

Department of Maritime Studies
Dr.-Ing.
Wolfgang Busse
E-Mail: wolfgang.busse@hs-wismar.de
www.sf.hs-wismar.de
Technical Ship Operation & Tanker Shipping

Chapter 1: Operating Ship Machinery Systems
Lesson 2 :
System Approach
Lesson 2: System Approach
25-Feb-14
2
Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Busse 2014
Knowledge Systematics Technical Systems

System Approach
General description - definition, purpose, types, application,
examples
Working principles - overall system function, applied
engineering science
Construction & function - design, components & interaction,
engineering, manufacturing
Operation & operating media - operating behavior, control &
monitoring, trouble-shooting
Performance management - performance requirements (KPIs),
assessment & optimization
Condition management - maintenance planning & execution,
condition monitoring & inspection,
damage analysis
25-Feb-14
3
Task develop competency
Writing a Technical documentation

Try to apply the Knowledge Systematic to a simple technical system, for
example a small air compressor which we use to pump-up a car tire.
For every headline, General description, Working principle,
Construction and function, Operation & operating media,
Performance, and Maintenance & checks, write a short and precise
explanation. Add some diagrams if appropriate.
Write as if you want to explain it to people who will use the technical
system. By doing so, you will learn how to write a technical documentation.
25-Feb-14
4
How can we describe the behaviour of a technical system?

We can observe the output of the system. For example for a
diesel engine we can measure the RPM, power output, exhaust
gas heat etc. We can also observe sounds, vibrations, or
smells.
What are the general influences on the system output? In other
words: Why are they output parameters changing during the
operation?
(discuss)

System Approach
25-Feb-14
5
The output of a technical systems is determined by:

External operating conditions
e.g. load from the propeller, engine room temperature, fuel oil quality,
Internal technical conditions / maintenance
e.g. wear of cylinder liner, fouling of filters, leakages, friction,
Control settings
e.g. engine RPM setting, CCP setting,
System settings / adjustment
e.g. setting of injection timing & pressure, valve timing, settings of the
automated control systems,

System Approach
25-Feb-14
6
What is Performance of a technical system?

(discuss)

System Approach
25-Feb-14
7
Performance of a technical system
General: Performance (P) is the degree to which the system output O meets
the operation requirements (R)
Compare: P = O R
Operation requirements R are defined by the ship management, depending
on the ships mission and on the voyage (contract) conditions.
Typically, the new technical system, or the properly overhauled technical
system meets the performance requirements, if the system is properly
adjusted and controlled and operated at normal / layout operating conditions.
Typically, the performance of the technical system is degrading with the
degradation of the internal technical conditions (by wear, fouling, etc.)
The speed of condition & performance degradation is depending on how the
system is operated and maintained!
System Approach
25-Feb-14
8
Performance degradation
PF Diagram

S failure starts to develop

P potential failure,
now failure process can
be recognized

L last chance for preventing
the failure

F functional failure

System Approach
25-Feb-14
9
Given:
A ship is monitoring the specific fuel oil
consumption SFOC of the main engine:

The company has set a limit of 195,0 g/kWh
as a maximum SFOC.
The error range in SFOC measurement is +/-
0,3 g/kWh.

Exercise apply your knowledge
Performance monitoring: Efficiency of the diesel engine / SFOC
Operating SFOC
hours g/kWh
800 187,0
900 187,3
1000 187,3
1100 188,1
1200 189,5
1300 189,5
1400 191,0
Wanted:
Estimate the time (remaining operating hours)
until the SFOC will probably exceed the
companys limit.
Recommendations:
Draw the PF diagram
Mark the line SFOC limit
Mark the point P where the potential failure
can be recognized
Use MS Excel to estimate the trend
Estimate the failure point F

25-Feb-14
10
System Behaviour & System Management

System Approach
S
E
C
T
A M R
O P
E External operating conditions
C System control
A Adjustment of system settings
M Maintenance
O System output
S
System settings
T Technical conditions, incl. operating media
P System performance
R Performance requirements
25-Feb-14
11
T = f (M)
Dependencies

System Approach
E External operating conditions
C System control
A Adjustment of system settings
M Maintenance
O System output
S
System settings
T Technical conditions, incl. operating media
P System performance
R Performance requirements
O = f (E, C, T, S)
T
f
= f (T, E, C, S)
P = f (O, R)
S = f (A) C, A, M, R = Operator Decisions
25-Feb-14
12
Exercise apply your knowledge
Systematic description of system behaviour and system management
Apply the above diagrams to a very simple technical system, lets take a bicycle.
System output O = moving at a certain speed, and carrying a certain weight,
anything else? (ah ja, maybe also being able to stop in a certain distance)
Performance requirements R = speed of km/h, weight to carry of kg,
What are the external operating conditions E, system controls C, system settings S,
technical conditions T?
How is the output O influenced by E, C, T, S? What are the consequences for the
performance P?
How can the technical condition T get worse, from the condition now (e,g. all ok, or
tire already little flat, or) under the influence of E, C, S? How will be the output
and the performance then?
So what can I do by proper control C, maintenance M and adjustment A to have
always good performance P?

25-Feb-14
13
What competencies are required for successful operation?

Layout, design, components, function study various system variants
Operating behaviour explore and compare with theory / with manuals
Controls & settings check their effect on systems output
System automation understand the function of control circuits, remote
control, alarm & safety systems
Monitoring & inspection check the safe operation of the system
Performance evaluate and improve the efficiency of machinery
Operation operate the system in manual and automated
mode, use the operation instructions
Troubleshooting detect, identify, evaluate, handle alarms and
malfunctions of machinery and system

Ship Machinery Systems
25-Feb-14
14
Which ship machinery systems do we want to explore?

Compressed air system, incl. starting air compressor
Cooling water system, incl. heat exchangers, pumps & pumping
Lubricating systems, incl. pressure control & lub oil handling
Fuel oil system, incl. storage & transfer, cleaning / separating, conditioning

Ship Machinery Systems
25-Feb-14
15
Do you have Questions ?

Ask at the begin of the next lesson:

25-Feb-14
16
Literature
MAN B&W Diesel A/S: S60MC Mk 6 Project Guide. Two-stroke
Engines. 5th Edition, June 2000

25-Feb-14
17
Web links
1. http://www.marineinsight.com/marine-engineering/

TSO - 02 - System Approach PDF

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Deskripsi Asli:

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

TSO - 02 - System Approach PDF

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Department of Maritime Studies

Anda mungkin juga menyukai