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Staten Island Technical High School

AP Biology Brandon/Giunta, Instructors


Outline Worksheet Mark Erlenwein, Principal
The following table refers to Chapter 4o in Campbell Biology in Focus. Please add
your notes next to each topic/question.
Name:

Topic Notes/Definitions
**Must be handwritten, no typing please!!
Community




Explain how
interspecific
competition,
predation/
herbivory,
commensalism,
parasitism, and
mutualism differ in
their effects on the
interacting
populations of the
two species.






Based on the
competitive
exclusion principle,
what outcome is
expected when two
species with the
identical ecological
niches compete for
the same resources?
Explain your
answer.

Resource
partitioning




Study the
experiment depicted
in figure 41.3.
According to the
information in the
figure, Balanus
cannot survive high
on the rocks because
it dries out during
low tide. How does
Balanuss realized
niche compare with
its fundamental
niche?

How does character
displacement in
Galapagos finches
provide evidence of
past competition
between species?



Additional Notes:



Topic Notes/Definitions
**Must be handwritten, no typing please!!
What two
components
contribute to species
diversity? Explain
how two
communities with
the same number of
species can differ in
species diversity.

Describe at least two
examples of how
increased species
diversity contributes
to the stability of the
community as a
whole.



Describe the trophic
structure of a
community.




Distinguish between
a food chain and a
food web.



Dominant species



Keystone species



Consider a grassland
with five trophic
levels: grasses, mice,
snakes, raccoons, and
bobcats. If you
released additional
bobcats into the
grassland, how
would plant biomass
change if the bottom-
up model applied? If
the top-down model
applied? Explain.




Biomanipulation



Additional Notes:




Topic Notes/Definitions
**Must be handwritten, no typing please!!
Why do high and low
levels of disturbance
usually reduce species
diversity? Why does
an intermediate level
of disturbance
promote species
diversity?



During succession,
how might the early
species facilitate the
arrival of additional
species?




How have human
disturbances
impacted marine and
terrestrial
ecosystems?




Most prairies
experience regular
fires, typically every
few years. These
disturbances tend to
be relatively modest.
How would the
species diversity likely
be affected if no

burning occurred for
100 years? Explain
your answer.




Additional Notes:




Topic Notes/Definitions
**Must be handwritten, no typing please!!
Describe two
hypotheses that
explain why species
diversity is greater in
tropical regions than
in temperate and
polar regions.





Study figure 41.22.
What is the general
relationship between
species richness and
area of an island?


Four islands in this
study ranging in area
from 40 to 10,000 ha
each contained about
50 plant species. What
does such variation
tell you about the
assumptions of the
island equilibrium
model?

Based on the island
equilibrium model,
how would you expect
the richness of birds
on islands to compare
with the richness of
snakes and lizards?
Explain.






Additional Notes:





What was the murkiest point from the reading?


What was the most interesting point from the reading?

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