Outline Worksheet Mark Erlenwein, Principal The following table refers to Chapter 4o in Campbell Biology in Focus. Please add your notes next to each topic/question. Name:
Topic Notes/Definitions **Must be handwritten, no typing please!! Community
Explain how interspecific competition, predation/ herbivory, commensalism, parasitism, and mutualism differ in their effects on the interacting populations of the two species.
Based on the competitive exclusion principle, what outcome is expected when two species with the identical ecological niches compete for the same resources? Explain your answer.
Resource partitioning
Study the experiment depicted in figure 41.3. According to the information in the figure, Balanus cannot survive high on the rocks because it dries out during low tide. How does Balanuss realized niche compare with its fundamental niche?
How does character displacement in Galapagos finches provide evidence of past competition between species?
Additional Notes:
Topic Notes/Definitions **Must be handwritten, no typing please!! What two components contribute to species diversity? Explain how two communities with the same number of species can differ in species diversity.
Describe at least two examples of how increased species diversity contributes to the stability of the community as a whole.
Describe the trophic structure of a community.
Distinguish between a food chain and a food web.
Dominant species
Keystone species
Consider a grassland with five trophic levels: grasses, mice, snakes, raccoons, and bobcats. If you released additional bobcats into the grassland, how would plant biomass change if the bottom- up model applied? If the top-down model applied? Explain.
Biomanipulation
Additional Notes:
Topic Notes/Definitions **Must be handwritten, no typing please!! Why do high and low levels of disturbance usually reduce species diversity? Why does an intermediate level of disturbance promote species diversity?
During succession, how might the early species facilitate the arrival of additional species?
How have human disturbances impacted marine and terrestrial ecosystems?
Most prairies experience regular fires, typically every few years. These disturbances tend to be relatively modest. How would the species diversity likely be affected if no
burning occurred for 100 years? Explain your answer.
Additional Notes:
Topic Notes/Definitions **Must be handwritten, no typing please!! Describe two hypotheses that explain why species diversity is greater in tropical regions than in temperate and polar regions.
Study figure 41.22. What is the general relationship between species richness and area of an island?
Four islands in this study ranging in area from 40 to 10,000 ha each contained about 50 plant species. What does such variation tell you about the assumptions of the island equilibrium model?
Based on the island equilibrium model, how would you expect the richness of birds on islands to compare with the richness of snakes and lizards? Explain.
Additional Notes:
What was the murkiest point from the reading?
What was the most interesting point from the reading?