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A12

APPENDIX B

/Users/user-f499/Desktop/Temp Work/Don't Delete Job/MHDQ251:Beer:201

Typical Properties of Selected Materials Used in Engineering1,5


(U.S. Customary Units)
Ultimate Strength

Material
Steel
Structural (ASTM-A36)
High-strength-low-alloy
ASTM-A709 Grade 50
ASTM-A913 Grade 65
ASTM-A992 Grade 50
Quenched & tempered
ASTM-A709 Grade 100
Stainless, AISI 302
Cold-rolled
Annealed
Reinforcing Steel
Medium strength
High strength

Yield Strength3

Modulus
Specific
Compresof
Weight, Tension, sion, 2
Shear, Tension, Shear, Elasticity,
lb/in3 ksi
ksi
ksi
ksi
ksi
106 psi

Modulus
of
Rigidity,
106 psi

0.284

58

36

29

11.2

6.5

21

0.284
0.284
0.284

65
80
65

50
65
50

29
29
29

11.2
11.2
11.2

6.5
6.5
6.5

21
17
21

0.284

110

100

29

11.2

6.5

18

0.286
0.286

125
95

75
38

28
28

10.8
10.8

9.6
9.6

12
50

0.283
0.283

70
90

40
60

29
29

11
11

6.5
6.5

Cast Iron
Gray Cast Iron
4.5% C, ASTM A-48
Malleable Cast Iron
2% C, 1% Si,
ASTM A-47

0.260

25

95

35

0.264

50

90

48

33

Aluminum
Alloy 1100-H14
(99% Al)
Alloy 2014-T6
Alloy 2024-T4
Alloy 5456-H116
Alloy 6061-T6
Alloy 7075-T6

0.098
0.101
0.101
0.095
0.098
0.101

16
66
68
46
38
83

10
40
41
27
24
48

14
58
47
33
35
73

32
57

22
29

10
53

74
46

43
32

60
15

85
39
45

46
31

Copper
Oxygen-free copper
(99.9% Cu)
Annealed
0.322
Hard-drawn
0.322
Yellow Brass
(65% Cu, 35% Zn)
Cold-rolled
0.306
Annealed
0.306
Red Brass
(85% Cu, 15% Zn)
Cold-rolled
0.316
Annealed
0.316
Tin bronze
0.318
(88 Cu, 8Sn, 4Zn)
Manganese bronze
0.302
(63 Cu, 25 Zn, 6 Al, 3 Mn, 3 Fe)
Aluminum bronze
0.301
(81 Cu, 4 Ni, 4 Fe, 11 Al)

95
90

130

21

22

Coefficient
of Thermal
Expansion,
1026/8F

Ductility,
Percent
Elongation
in 2 in.

10

4.1

6.7

24

9.3

6.7

10

10.1
10.9
10.6
10.4
10.1
10.4

3.7
3.9

3.7
4

13.1
12.8
12.9
13.3
13.1
13.1

9
13
19
16
17
11

17
17

6.4
6.4

9.4
9.4

45
4

15
15

5.6
5.6

11.6
11.6

8
65

63
10
21

17
17
14

6.4
6.4

10.4
10.4
10

3
48
30

48

15

12

20

40

16

8
33
19
20

36
9

6.1

0.5

(Table continued on page A13)

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APPENDIX B

/Users/user-f499/Desktop/Temp Work/Don't Delete Job/MHDQ251:Beer:201

Typical Properties of Selected Materials Used in Engineering1,5


(SI Units)
Ultimate Strength

Material
Steel
Structural (ASTM-A36)
High-strength-low-alloy
ASTM-A709 Grade 345
ASTM-A913 Grade 450
ASTM-A992 Grade 345
Quenched & tempered
ASTM-A709 Grade 690
Stainless, AISI 302
Cold-rolled
Annealed
Reinforcing Steel
Medium strength
High strength

A13

Yield Strength3

Modulus
Compresof
Density Tension, sion,2
Shear, Tension, Shear, Elasticity,
kg/m3 MPa
MPa
MPa MPa
MPa GPa

Modulus
of
Rigidity,
GPa

Coefficient
of Thermal
Expansion,
1026/8C

Ductility,
Percent
Elongation
in 50 mm

7860

400

250

200

77.2

11.7

21

7860
7860
7860

450
550
450

345
450
345

200
200
200

77.2
77.2
77.2

11.7
11.7
11.7

21
17
21

7860

760

690

200

77.2

11.7

18

7920
7920

860
655

520
260

190
190

75
75

17.3
17.3

12
50

7860
7860

480
620

275
415

200
200

77
77

11.7
11.7

69

28

12.1

165

65

12.1

10

70
75
73
72
70
72

26
27

26
28

23.6
23.0
23.2
23.9
23.6
23.6

9
13
19
16
17
11

120
120

44
44

16.9
16.9

45
4

105
105

39
39

20.9
20.9

8
65

44
44

18.7
18.7
18.0

3
48
30

21.6

20

16.2

145

150

Cast Iron
Gray Cast Iron
4.5% C, ASTM A-48
Malleable Cast Iron
2% C, 1% Si,
ASTM A-47

7200

170

655

240

7300

345

620

330

230

Aluminum
Alloy 1100-H14
(99% Al)
Alloy 2014-T6
Alloy-2024-T4
Alloy-5456-H116
Alloy 6061-T6
Alloy 7075-T6

2710
2800
2800
2630
2710
2800

110
455
470
315
260
570

70
275
280
185
165
330

95
400
325
230
240
500

220
390

150
200

70
265

510
320

300
220

410
100

585
270
310

320
210

435
70
145

120
120
95

330

105

275

110

Copper
Oxygen-free copper
(99.9% Cu)
Annealed
8910
Hard-drawn
8910
Yellow-Brass
(65% Cu, 35% Zn)
Cold-rolled
8470
Annealed
8470
Red Brass
(85% Cu, 15% Zn)
Cold-rolled
8740
Annealed
8740
Tin bronze
8800
(88 Cu, 8Sn, 4Zn)
Manganese bronze
8360
(63 Cu, 25 Zn, 6 Al, 3 Mn, 3 Fe)
Aluminum bronze
8330
(81 Cu, 4 Ni, 4 Fe, 11 Al)

655
620

900

55
230
130
140

250
60

42

0.5

(Table continued on page A14)

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A14

APPENDIX B

/Users/user-f499/Desktop/Temp Work/Don't Delete Job/MHDQ251:Beer:201

Typical Properties of Selected Materials Used in Engineering1,5


(U.S. Customary Units)
Continued from page A13
Ultimate Strength

Material

Modulus
Specific
Compresof
Weight, Tension, sion,2
Shear, Tension, Shear, Elasticity,
lb/in3 ksi
ksi
ksi
ksi
ksi
106 psi

Magnesium Alloys
Alloy AZ80 (Forging)
Alloy AZ31 (Extrusion)

0.065
0.064

50
37

Titanium
Alloy (6% Al, 4% V)

0.161

Monel Alloy 400(Ni-Cu)


Cold-worked
Annealed

Ductility,
Percent
Elongation
in 2 in.

14
14

6
12

130

120

16.5

5.3

10

0.319
0.319

98
80

85
32

26
26

7.7
7.7

22
46

Cupronickel
(90% Cu, 10% Ni)
Annealed
Cold-worked

0.323
0.323

53
85

16
79

9.5
9.5

35
3

Timber, air dry


Douglas fir
Spruce, Sitka
Shortleaf pine
Western white pine
Ponderosa pine
White oak
Red oak
Western hemlock
Shagbark hickory
Redwood

0.017
0.015
0.018
0.014
0.015
0.025
0.024
0.016
0.026
0.015

15
8.6

Concrete
Medium strength
High strength

0.084
0.084
0.0412

13
9.4

7.2
5.6
7.3
5.0
5.3
7.4
6.8
7.2
9.2
6.1

1.1
1.1
1.4
1.0
1.1
2.0
1.8
1.3
2.4
0.9

0.0433
0.0484

9.5
8

0.0433
0.0374
0.0520
0.033
0.100
0.100
0.083
0.079

6.5
8
6
2
3
2
1

20
20
1.9
1.5
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.8
1.8
1.6
2.2
1.3

4.0
6.0
11

50
18

2.4
2.4

Coefficient
of Thermal
Expansion,
1026/8F

6.5
6.5

8.4

23
19

Modulus
of
Rigidity,
106 psi

36
29

Plastics
Nylon, type 6/6,
(molding compound)
Polycarbonate
Polyester, PBT
(thermoplastic)
Polyester elastomer
Polystyrene
Vinyl, rigid PVC
Rubber
Granite (Avg. values)
Marble (Avg. values)
Sandstone (Avg. values)
Glass, 98% silica
1

Yield Strength3

7.5
7.5
.1
.07

3.6
4.5

Varies
1.7 to 2.5

5.5
5.5

14

6.5

0.4

80

50

12.5
11

9
8

0.35
0.35

68
75

110
150

8
6.5

0.03
0.45
0.45

5.5
13
10
35
18
12
7

5
4
2

10
8
6
9.6

4
3
2
4.1

70
75
90
4
6
5
44

500
2
40
600

Properties of metals vary widely as a result of variations in composition, heat treatment, and mechanical working.
For ductile metals the compression strength is generally assumed to be equal to the tension strength.
3
Offset of 0.2 percent.
4
Timber properties are for loading parallel to the grain.
5
See also Marks Mechanical Engineering Handbook, 10th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1996; Annual Book of ASTM, American Society for Testing Materials,
Philadelphia, Pa.; Metals Handbook, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio; and Aluminum Design Manual, The Aluminum Association, Washington, DC.
2

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APPENDIX B

/Users/user-f499/Desktop/Temp Work/Don't Delete Job/MHDQ251:Beer:201

Typical Properties of Selected Materials Used in Engineering1,5


(SI Units)
Continued from page A14
Ultimate Strength

Material

Modulus
of
Rigidity,
GPa

Magnesium Alloys
Alloy AZ80 (Forging)
Alloy AZ31 (Extrusion)

1800
1770

345
255

16
16

Titanium
Alloy (6% Al, 4% V)

4730

Monel Alloy 400(Ni-Cu)


Cold-worked
Annealed
Cupronickel
(90% Cu, 10% Ni)
Annealed
Cold-worked
Timber, air dry
Douglas fir
Spruce, Sitka
Shortleaf pine
Western white pine
Ponderosa pine
White oak
Red oak
Western hemlock
Shagbark hickory
Redwood
Concrete
Medium strength
High strength
Plastics
Nylon, type 6/6,
(molding compound)
Polycarbonate
Polyester, PBT
(thermoplastic)
Polyester elastomer
Polystyrene
Vinyl, rigid PVC
Rubber
Granite (Avg. values)
Marble (Avg. values)
Sandstone (Avg. values)
Glass, 98% silica
1

Yield Strength3

Modulus
Compresof
Density Tension, sion,2
Shear, Tension, Shear, Elasticity,
kg/m3 MPa
MPa
MPa MPa
MPa GPa
250
200

45
45

900

830

8830
8830

675
550

585
220

8940
8940

365
585

110
545

470
415
500
390
415
690
660
440
720
415

100
60

55

90
65

2320
2320

160
130

50
39
50
34
36
51
47
50
63
42

A15

7.6
7.6
9.7
7.0
7.6
13.8
12.4
10.0
16.5
6.2

345
125

Ductility,
Percent
Elongation
in 50 mm

25.2
25.2

6
12

115

9.5

10

180
180

13.9
13.9

22
46

17.1
17.1

35
3

140
140
13
10
12
10
9
12
12
11
15
9

28
40

Coefficient
of Thermal
Expansion,
1026/8C

52
52
0.7
0.5

25
30

Varies
3.0 to 4.5

9.9
9.9

1140

75

95

45

2.8

144

50

1200
1340

65
55

85
75

35
55

2.4
2.4

122
135

110
150

1200
1030
1440
910
2770
2770
2300
2190

45
55
40
15
20
15
7

55
45

0.2
3.1
3.1

40
90
70
240
125
85
50

35
28
14

70
55
40
65

4
3
2
4.1

125
135
162
7.2
10.8
9.0
80

500
2
40
600

Properties of metals very widely as a result of variations in composition, heat treatment, and mechanical working.
For ductile metals the compression strength is generally assumed to be equal to the tension strength.
3
Offset of 0.2 percent.
4
Timber properties are for loading parallel to the grain.
5
See also Marks Mechanical Engineering Handbook, 10th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1996; Annual Book of ASTM, American Society for Testing Materials,
Philadelphia, Pa.; Metals Handbook, American Society of Metals, Metals Park, Ohio; and Aluminum Design Manual, The Aluminum Association, Washington, DC.
2

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A16
APPENDIX C

Properties of Rolled-Steel Shapes


(U.S. Customary Units)

W Shapes
(Wide-Flange Shapes)

X
tw
Y
bf

Flange
Web
Thickness
tw, in.

Ix, in4

Sx, in3

r x, in.

Iy, in4

Sy, in3

r y, in.

Area
A, in2

Depth
d, in.

Width
bf, in.

Thickness
tf, in.

W36 3 302
135

88.8
39.7

37.3
35.6

16.7
12.0

1.68
0.790

0.945
0.600

21100
7800

1130
439

15.4
14.0

1300
225

156
37.7

3.82
2.38

W33 3 201
118

59.2
34.7

33.7
32.9

15.7
11.5

1.15
0.740

0.715
0.550

11600
5900

686
359

14.0
13.0

749
187

95.2
32.6

3.56
2.32

W30 3 173
99

51.0
29.1

30.4
29.7

15.0
10.50

1.07
0.670

0.655
0.520

8230
3990

541
269

12.7
11.7

598
128

79.8
24.5

3.42
2.10

W27 3 146
84

43.1
24.8

27.4
26.70

14.0
10.0

0.975
0.640

0.605
0.460

5660
2850

414
213

11.5
10.7

443
106

63.5
21.2

3.20
2.07

W24 3 104
68

30.6
20.1

24.1
23.7

12.8
8.97

0.750
0.585

0.500
0.415

3100
1830

258
154

10.1
9.55

259
70.4

40.7
15.7

2.91
1.87

W21 3 101
62
44

29.8
18.3
13.0

21.4
21.0
20.7

12.3
8.24
6.50

0.800
0.615
0.450

0.500
0.400
0.350

2420
1330
843

227
127
81.6

9.02
8.54
8.06

248
57.5
20.7

40.3
14.0
6.37

2.89
1.77
1.26

W18 3 106
76
50
35

31.1
22.3
14.7
10.3

18.7
18.2
18.0
17.7

11.2
11.0
7.50
6.00

0.940
0.680
0.570
0.425

0.590
0.425
0.355
0.300

1910
1330
800
510

204
146
88.9
57.6

7.84
7.73
7.38
7.04

220
152
40.1
15.3

39.4
27.6
10.7
5.12

2.66
2.61
1.65
1.22

W16 3 77
57
40
31
26

22.6
16.8
11.8
9.13
7.68

16.5
16.4
16.0
15.9
15.7

10.3
7.12
7.00
5.53
5.50

0.76
0.715
0.505
0.440
0.345

0.455
0.430
0.305
0.275
0.250

1110
758
518
375
301

134
92.2
64.7
47.2
38.4

7.00
6.72
6.63
6.41
6.26

138
43.1
28.9
12.4
9.59

26.9
12.1
8.25
4.49
3.49

2.47
1.60
1.57
1.17
1.12

W14 3 370
145
82
68
53
43
38
30
26
22

109
42.7
24.0
20.0
15.6
12.6
11.2
8.85
7.69
6.49

17.9
14.8
14.3
14.0
13.9
13.7
14.1
13.8
13.9
13.7

16.5
15.5
10.1
10.0
8.06
8.00
6.77
6.73
5.03
5.00

2.66
1.09
0.855
0.720
0.660
0.530
0.515
0.385
0.420
0.335

1.66
0.680
0.510
0.415
0.370
0.305
0.310
0.270
0.255
0.230

5440
1710
881
722
541
428
385
291
245
199

607
232
123
103
77.8
62.6
54.6
42.0
35.3
29.0

7.07
6.33
6.05
6.01
5.89
5.82
5.87
5.73
5.65
5.54

1990
241
677
87.3
148
29.3
121
24.2
57.7
14.3
45.2
11.3
26.7
7.88
19.6
5.82
8.91
3.55
7.00
2.80

4.27
3.98
2.48
2.46
1.92
1.89
1.55
1.49
1.08
1.04

Designation

Axis X-X

Axis Y-Y

A wide-flange shape is designated by the letter W followed by the nominal depth in inches and the weight in pounds per foot.

(Table continued on page A17)

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APPENDIX C

Properties of Rolled-Steel Shapes


(SI Units)

W Shapes
(Wide-Flange Shapes)

A17

X
tw
Y
bf

Flange
Web
Thickness
tw, mm

Axis X-X

Axis Y-Y

Ix
Sx
rx
106 mm4 103 mm3 mm

Iy
Sy
ry
106 mm4 103 mm3 mm

Designation

Area
A, mm2

Depth
d, mm

Width
bf, mm

Thickness
tf, mm

W920 3 449
201

57300
25600

947
904

424
305

42.7
20.1

24.0
15.2

8780
3250

18500
7190

391
356

541
93.7

2560
618

97.0
60.5

W840 3 299
176

38200
22400

856
836

399
292

29.2
18.8

18.2
14.0

4830
2460

11200
5880

356
330

312
77.8

1560
534

90.4
58.9

W760 3 257
147

32900
18800

772
754

381
267

27.2
17.0

16.6
13.2

3430
1660

8870
4410

323
297

249
53.3

1310
401

86.9
53.3

W690 3 217
125

27800
16000

696
678

356
254

24.8
16.3

15.4
11.7

2360
1190

6780
3490

292
272

184
44.1

1040
347

81.3
52.6

W610 3 155
101

19700
13000

612
602

325
228

19.1
14.9

12.7
10.5

1290
762

4230
2520

257
243

108
29.3

667
257

73.9
47.5

W530 3 150
92
66

19200
11800
8390

544
533
526

312
209
165

20.3
15.6
11.4

12.7
10.2
8.89

1010
554
351

3720
2080
1340

229
217
205

103
23.9
8.62

660
229
104

73.4
45.0
32.0

W460 3 158
113
74
52

20100
14400
9480
6650

475
462
457
450

284
279
191
152

23.9
17.3
14.5
10.8

15.0
10.8
9.02
7.62

795
554
333
212

3340
2390
1460
944

199
196
187
179

91.6
63.3
16.7
6.37

646
452
175
83.9

67.6
66.3
41.9
31.0

W410 3 114
85
60
46.1
38.8

14600
10800
7610
5890
4950

419
417
406
404
399

262
181
178
140
140

19.3
18.2
12.8
11.2
8.76

11.6
10.9
7.75
6.99
6.35

462
316
216
156
125

2200
1510
1060
773
629

178
171
168
163
159

57.4
17.9
12.0
5.16
3.99

441
198
135
73.6
57.2

62.7
40.6
39.9
29.7
28.4

W360 3 551
216
122
101
79
64
57.8
44
39
32.9

70300
27500
15500
12900
10100
8130
7230
5710
4960
4190

455
376
363
356
353
348
358
351
353
348

419
394
257
254
205
203
172
171
128
127

67.6
27.7
21.7
18.3
16.8
13.5
13.1
9.78
10.7
8.51

42.2
17.3
13.0
10.5
9.40
7.75
7.87
6.86
6.48
5.84

2260
712
367
301
225
178
160
121
102
82.8

9950
3800
2020
1690
1270
1030
895
688
578
475

180
161
154
153
150
148
149
146
144
141

828
282
61.6
50.4
24.0
18.8
11.1
8.16
3.71
2.91

3950
1430
480
397
234
185
129
95.4
58.2
45.9

108
101
63.0
62.5
48.8
48.0
39.4
37.8
27.4
26.4

A wide-flange shape is designated by the letter W followed by the nominal depth in millimeters and the mass in kilograms per meter.

(Table continued on page A18)

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A18
APPENDIX C

Properties of Rolled-Steel Shapes


(U.S. Customary Units)
Continued from page A17

W Shapes
(Wide-Flange Shapes)

X
tw
Y
bf

Flange
Web
Thickness
tw, in.

Ix, in4

Sx, in3

r x, in.

Iy, in4

Sy, in3

r y, in.

Designation

Area
A, in2

Depth
d, in.

Width
bf, in.

Thickness
tf, in.

Axis X-X

Axis Y-Y

W12 3 96
72
50
40
35
30
26
22
16

28.2
21.1
14.6
11.7
10.3
8.79
7.65
6.48
4.71

12.7
12.3
12.2
11.9
12.5
12.3
12.2
12.3
12.0

12.2
12.0
8.08
8.01
6.56
6.52
6.49
4.03
3.99

0.900
0.670
0.640
0.515
0.520
0.440
0.380
0.425
0.265

0.550
0.430
0.370
0.295
0.300
0.260
0.230
0.260
0.220

833
597
391
307
285
238
204
156
103

131
97.4
64.2
51.5
45.6
38.6
33.4
25.4
17.1

5.44
5.31
5.18
5.13
5.25
5.21
5.17
4.91
4.67

270
195
56.3
44.1
24.5
20.3
17.3
4.66
2.82

44.4
32.4
13.9
11.0
7.47
6.24
5.34
2.31
1.41

3.09
3.04
1.96
1.94
1.54
1.52
1.51
0.848
0.773

W10 3 112
68
54
45
39
33
30
22
19
15

32.9
20.0
15.8
13.3
11.5
9.71
8.84
6.49
5.62
4.41

11.4
10.4
10.1
10.1
9.92
9.73
10.5
10.2
10.2
10.0

10.4
10.1
10.0
8.02
7.99
7.96
5.81
5.75
4.02
4.00

1.25
0.770
0.615
0.620
0.530
0.435
0.510
0.360
0.395
0.270

0.755
0.470
0.370
0.350
0.315
0.290
0.300
0.240
0.250
0.230

716
394
303
248
209
171
170
118
96.3
68.9

126
75.7
60.0
49.1
42.1
35.0
32.4
23.2
18.8
13.8

4.66
4.44
4.37
4.32
4.27
4.19
4.38
4.27
4.14
3.95

236
134
103
53.4
45.0
36.6
16.7
11.4
4.29
2.89

45.3
26.4
20.6
13.3
11.3
9.20
5.75
3.97
2.14
1.45

2.68
2.59
2.56
2.01
1.98
1.94
1.37
1.33
0.874
0.810

W8 3 58
48
40
35
31
28
24
21
18
15
13

17.1
14.1
11.7
10.3
9.12
8.24
7.08
6.16
5.26
4.44
3.84

8.75
8.50
8.25
8.12
8.00
8.06
7.93
8.28
8.14
8.11
7.99

8.22
8.11
8.07
8.02
8.00
6.54
6.50
5.27
5.25
4.01
4.00

0.810
0.685
0.560
0.495
0.435
0.465
0.400
0.400
0.330
0.315
0.255

0.510
0.400
0.360
0.310
0.285
0.285
0.245
0.250
0.230
0.245
0.230

228
184
146
127
110
98.0
82.7
75.3
61.9
48.0
39.6

52.0
43.2
35.5
31.2
27.5
24.3
20.9
18.2
15.2
11.8
9.91

3.65
3.61
3.53
3.51
3.47
3.45
3.42
3.49
3.43
3.29
3.21

75.1
60.9
49.1
42.6
37.1
21.7
18.3
9.77
7.97
3.41
2.73

18.3
15.0
12.2
10.6
9.27
6.63
5.63
3.71
3.04
1.70
1.37

2.10
2.08
2.04
2.03
2.02
1.62
1.61
1.26
1.23
0.876
0.843

W6 3 25
20
16
12
9

7.34
5.87
4.74
3.55
2.68

6.38
6.20
6.28
6.03
5.90

6.08
6.02
4.03
4.00
3.94

0.455
0.365
0.405
0.280
0.215

0.320
0.260
0.260
0.230
0.170

53.4
41.4
32.1
22.1
16.4

16.7
13.4
10.2
7.31
5.56

2.70
2.66
2.60
2.49
2.47

17.1
13.3
4.43
2.99
2.20

5.61
4.41
2.20
1.50
1.11

1.52
1.50
0.967
0.918
0.905

W5 3 19
16

5.56
4.71

5.15
5.01

5.03
5.00

0.430
0.360

0.270
0.240

26.3
21.4

10.2
8.55

2.17
2.13

9.13
7.51

3.63
3.00

1.28
1.26

W4 3 13

3.83

4.16

4.06

0.345

0.280

11.3

5.46

1.72

3.86

1.90

1.00

A wide-flange shape is designated by the letter W followed by the nominal depth in inches and the weight in pounds per foot.

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APPENDIX C

Properties of Rolled-Steel Shapes


(SI Units)
Continued from page A18

A19

W Shapes
(Wide-Flange Shapes)

X
tw
Y
bf

Flange
Web
Thickness
tw, mm

Axis X-X

Axis Y-Y

Ix
Sx
rx
106 mm4 103 mm3 mm

Iy
Sy
106 mm4 103 mm3

ry
mm

Designation

Area
A, mm2

Depth
d, mm

Width
bf, mm

Thickness
tf, mm

W310 3 143
107
74
60
52
44.5
38.7
32.7
23.8

18200
13600
9420
7550
6650
5670
4940
4180
3040

323
312
310
302
318
312
310
312
305

310
305
205
203
167
166
165
102
101

22.9
17.0
16.3
13.1
13.2
11.2
9.65
10.8
6.73

14.0
10.9
9.40
7.49
7.62
6.60
5.84
6.60
5.59

347
248
163
128
119
99.1
84.9
64.9
42.9

2150
1600
1050
844
747
633
547
416
280

138
135
132
130
133
132
131
125
119

112
81.2
23.4
18.4
10.2
8.45
7.20
1.94
1.17

728
531
228
180
122
102
87.5
37.9
23.1

78.5
77.2
49.8
49.3
39.1
38.6
38.4
21.5
19.6

W250 3 167
101
80
67
58
49.1
44.8
32.7
28.4
22.3

21200
12900
10200
8580
7420
6260
5700
4190
3630
2850

290
264
257
257
252
247
267
259
259
254

264
257
254
204
203
202
148
146
102
102

31.8
19.6
15.6
15.7
13.5
11.0
13.0
9.14
10.0
6.86

19.2
11.9
9.4
8.89
8.00
7.37
7.62
6.10
6.35
5.84

298
164
126
103
87.0
71.2
70.8
49.1
40.1
28.7

2060
1240
983
805
690
574
531
380
308
226

118
113
111
110
108
106
111
108
105
100

98.2
55.8
42.9
22.2
18.7
15.2
6.95
4.75
1.79
1.20

742
433
338
218
185
151
94.2
65.1
35.1
23.8

68.1
65.8
65.0
51.1
50.3
49.3
34.8
33.8
22.2
20.6

W200 3 86
71
59
52
46.1
41.7
35.9
31.3
26.6
22.5
19.3

11000
9100
7550
6650
5880
5320
4570
3970
3390
2860
2480

222
216
210
206
203
205
201
210
207
206
203

209
206
205
204
203
166
165
134
133
102
102

20.6
17.4
14.2
12.6
11.0
11.8
10.2
10.2
8.38
8.00
6.48

13.0
10.2
9.14
7.87
7.24
7.24
6.22
6.35
5.84
6.22
5.84

94.9
76.6
60.8
52.9
45.8
40.8
34.4
31.3
25.8
20.0
16.5

852
708
582
511
451
398
342
298
249
193
162

92.7
91.7
89.7
89.2
88.1
87.6
86.9
88.6
87.1
83.6
81.5

31.3
25.3
20.4
17.7
15.4
9.03
7.62
4.07
3.32
1.42
1.14

300
246
200
174
152
109
92.3
60.8
49.8
27.9
22.5

53.3
52.8
51.8
51.6
51.3
41.1
40.9
32.0
31.2
22.3
21.4

W150 3 37.1
29.8
24
18
13.5

4740
3790
3060
2290
1730

162
157
160
153
150

154
153
102
102
100

11.6
9.27
10.3
7.11
5.46

8.13
6.60
6.60
5.84
4.32

22.2
17.2
13.4
9.20
6.83

274
220
167
120
91.1

68.6
67.6
66.0
63.2
62.7

7.12
5.54
1.84
1.24
0.916

91.9
72.3
36.1
24.6
18.2

38.6
38.1
24.6
23.3
23.0

W130 3 28.1
23.8

3590
3040

131
127

128
127

10.9
9.14

6.86
6.10

10.9
8.91

167
140

55.1
54.1

3.80
3.13

59.5
49.2

32.5
32.0

W100 3 19.3

2470

106

103

8.76

7.11

4.70

43.7

1.61

31.1

25.4

89.5

A wide-flange shape is designated by the letter W followed by the nominal depth in millimeters and the mass in kilograms per meter.

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A20
APPENDIX C

Properties of Rolled-Steel Shapes


(U.S. Customary Units)

S Shapes
(American Standard Shapes)

X
tw
Y
bf

Flange
Web
Thickness
tw, in.

Ix, in4

Sx, in3

r x, in.

Iy, in4

Sy, in3

r y, in.

Designation

Area
A, in2

Depth
d, in.

Width
bf, in.

Thickness
tf, in.

Axis X-X

Axis Y-Y

S24 3 121
106
100
90
80

35.5
31.1
29.3
26.5
23.5

24.5
24.5
24.0
24.0
24.0

8.05
7.87
7.25
7.13
7.00

1.09
1.09
0.870
0.870
0.870

0.800
0.620
0.745
0.625
0.500

3160
2940
2380
2250
2100

258
240
199
187
175

9.43
9.71
9.01
9.21
9.47

83.0
76.8
47.4
44.7
42.0

20.6
19.5
13.1
12.5
12.0

1.53
1.57
1.27
1.30
1.34

S20 3 96
86
75
66

28.2
25.3
22.0
19.4

20.3
20.3
20.0
20.0

7.20
7.06
6.39
6.26

0.920
0.920
0.795
0.795

0.800
0.660
0.635
0.505

1670
1570
1280
1190

165
155
128
119

7.71
7.89
7.62
7.83

49.9
46.6
29.5
27.5

13.9
13.2
9.25
8.78

1.33
1.36
1.16
1.19

S18 3 70
54.7

20.5
16.0

18.0
18.0

6.25
6.00

0.691
0.691

0.711
0.461

923
801

103
89.0

6.70
7.07

24.0
20.7

7.69
6.91

1.08
1.14

S15 3 50
42.9

14.7
12.6

15.0
15.0

5.64
5.50

0.622
0.622

0.550
0.411

485
446

64.7
59.4

5.75
5.95

15.6
14.3

5.53
5.19

1.03
1.06

S12 3 50
40.8
35
31.8

14.6
11.9
10.2
9.31

12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0

5.48
5.25
5.08
5.00

0.659
0.659
0.544
0.544

0.687
0.462
0.428
0.350

303
270
228
217

50.6
45.1
38.1
36.2

4.55
4.76
4.72
4.83

15.6
13.5
9.84
9.33

5.69
5.13
3.88
3.73

1.03
1.06
0.980
1.00

S10 3 35
25.4

10.3
7.45

10.0
10.0

4.94
4.66

0.491
0.491

0.594
0.311

147
123

29.4
24.6

3.78
4.07

8.30
6.73

3.36
2.89

0.899
0.950

S8 3 23
18.4

6.76
5.40

8.00
8.00

4.17
4.00

0.425
0.425

0.441
0.271

64.7
57.5

16.2
14.4

3.09
3.26

4.27
3.69

2.05
1.84

0.795
0.827

S6 3 17.2
12.5

5.06
3.66

6.00
6.00

3.57
3.33

0.359
0.359

0.465
0.232

26.2
22.0

8.74
7.34

2.28
2.45

2.29
1.80

1.28
1.08

0.673
0.702

S5 3 10

2.93

5.00

3.00

0.326

0.214

12.3

4.90

2.05

1.19

0.795

0.638

S4 3 9.5
7.7

2.79
2.26

4.00
4.00

2.80
2.66

0.293
0.293

0.326
0.193

6.76
6.05

3.38
3.03

1.56
1.64

0.887
0.748

0.635
0.562

0.564
0.576

S3 3 7.5
5.7

2.20
1.66

3.00
3.00

2.51
2.33

0.260
0.260

0.349
0.170

2.91
2.50

1.94
1.67

1.15
1.23

0.578
0.447

0.461
0.383

0.513
0.518

An American Standard Beam is designated by the letter S followed by the nominal depth in inches and the weight in pounds per foot.

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APPENDIX C

Properties of Rolled-Steel Shapes


(SI Units)

S Shapes
(American Standard Shapes)

A21

X
tw
Y
bf

Flange
Web
Thickness
tw, mm

Axis X-X

Axis Y-Y

Ix
Sx
106 mm4 103 mm3

rx
mm

Iy
Sy
106 mm4 103 mm3

ry
mm

Designation

Area
A, mm2

Depth
d, mm

Width
bf, mm

Thickness
tf, mm

S610 3 180
158
149
134
119

22900
20100
18900
17100
15200

622
622
610
610
610

204
200
184
181
178

27.7
27.7
22.1
22.1
22.1

20.3
15.7
18.9
15.9
12.7

1320
1220
991
937
874

4230
3930
3260
3060
2870

240
247
229
234
241

34.5
32.0
19.7
18.6
17.5

338
320
215
205
197

38.9
39.9
32.3
33.0
34.0

S510 3 143
128
112
98.2

18200
16300
14200
12500

516
516
508
508

183
179
162
159

23.4
23.4
20.2
20.2

20.3
16.8
16.1
12.8

695
653
533
495

2700
2540
2100
1950

196
200
194
199

20.8
19.4
12.3
11.4

228
216
152
144

33.8
34.5
29.5
30.2

S460 3 104
81.4

13200
10300

457
457

159
152

17.6
17.6

18.1
11.7

384
333

1690
1460

170
180

10.0
8.62

126
113

27.4
29.0

S380 3 74
64

9480
8130

381
381

143
140

15.8
15.8

14.0
10.4

202
186

1060
973

146
151

6.49
5.95

90.6
85.0

26.2
26.9

S310 3 74
60.7
52
47.3

9420
7680
6580
6010

305
305
305
305

139
133
129
127

16.7
16.7
13.8
13.8

17.4
11.7
10.9
8.89

126
112
94.9
90.3

829
739
624
593

116
121
120
123

6.49
5.62
4.10
3.88

93.2
84.1
63.6
61.1

26.2
26.9
24.9
25.4

S250 3 52
37.8

6650
4810

254
254

125
118

12.5
12.5

15.1
7.90

61.2
51.2

482
403

96.0
103

3.45
2.80

55.1
47.4

22.8
24.1

S200 3 34
27.4

4360
3480

203
203

106
102

10.8
10.8

11.2
6.88

26.9
23.9

265
236

78.5
82.8

1.78
1.54

33.6
30.2

20.2
21.0

S150 3 25.7
18.6

3260
2360

152
152

90.7
84.6

9.12
9.12

11.8
5.89

10.9
9.16

143
120

57.9
62.2

0.953
0.749

21.0
17.7

17.1
17.8

S130 3 15

1890

127

76.2

8.28

5.44

5.12

80.3

52.1

0.495

13.0

16.2

S100 3 14.1
11.5

1800
1460

102
102

71.1
67.6

7.44
7.44

8.28
4.90

2.81
2.52

55.4
49.7

39.6
41.7

0.369
0.311

10.4
9.21

14.3
14.6

S75 3 11.2
8.5

1420
1070

63.8
59.2

6.60
6.60

8.86
4.32

1.21
1.04

31.8
27.4

29.2
31.2

0.241
0.186

7.55
6.28

13.0
13.2

76.2
76.2

An American Standard Beam is designated by the letter S followed by the nominal depth in millimeters and the mass in kilograms per meter.

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A22

tf

APPENDIX C

Properties of Rolled-Steel Shapes


(U.S. Customary Units)

tw
X

C Shapes
(American Standard Channels)

x
Y
bf

Flange
Web
Thickness
tw, in.

Ix, in4

Sx, in3

r x, in.

Iy, in4

Sy, in3

r y, in.

x, in.

Designation

Area
A, in2

Depth
d, in.

Width
bf, in.

Thickness
tf, in.

Axis X-X

Axis Y-Y

C15 3 50
40
33.9

14.7
11.8
10.0

15.0
15.0
15.0

3.72
3.52
3.40

0.650
0.650
0.650

0.716
0.520
0.400

404
348
315

53.8
46.5
42.0

5.24
5.45
5.62

11.0
9.17
8.07

3.77
3.34
3.09

0.865
0.883
0.901

0.799
0.778
0.788

C12 3 30
25
20.7

8.81
7.34
6.08

12.0
12.0
12.0

3.17
3.05
2.94

0.501
0.501
0.501

0.510
0.387
0.282

162
144
129

27.0
24.0
21.5

4.29
4.43
4.61

5.12
4.45
3.86

2.05
1.87
1.72

0.762
0.779
0.797

0.674
0.674
0.698

C10 3 30
25
20
15.3

8.81
7.34
5.87
4.48

10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0

3.03
2.89
2.74
2.60

0.436
0.436
0.436
0.436

0.673
0.526
0.379
0.240

103
91.1
78.9
67.3

20.7
18.2
15.8
13.5

3.42
3.52
3.66
3.87

3.93
3.34
2.80
2.27

1.65
1.47
1.31
1.15

0.668
0.675
0.690
0.711

0.649
0.617
0.606
0.634

C9 3 20
15
13.4

5.87
4.41
3.94

9.00
9.00
9.00

2.65
2.49
2.43

0.413
0.413
0.413

0.448
0.285
0.233

60.9
51.0
47.8

13.5
11.3
10.6

3.22
3.40
3.49

2.41
1.91
1.75

1.17
1.01
0.954

0.640
0.659
0.666

0.583
0.586
0.601

C8 3 18.7
13.7
11.5

5.51
4.04
3.37

8.00
8.00
8.00

2.53
2.34
2.26

0.390
0.390
0.390

0.487
0.303
0.220

43.9
36.1
32.5

11.0
9.02
8.14

2.82
2.99
3.11

1.97
1.52
1.31

1.01
0.848
0.775

0.598
0.613
0.623

0.565
0.554
0.572

C7 3 12.2
9.8

3.60
2.87

7.00
7.00

2.19
2.09

0.366
0.366

0.314
0.210

24.2
21.2

6.92
6.07

2.60
2.72

1.16
0.957

0.696
0.617

0.568
0.578

0.525
0.541

C6 3 13
10.5
8.2

3.81
3.08
2.39

6.00
6.00
6.00

2.16
2.03
1.92

0.343
0.343
0.343

0.437
0.314
0.200

17.3
15.1
13.1

5.78
5.04
4.35

2.13
2.22
2.34

1.05
0.860
0.687

0.638
0.561
0.488

0.524
0.529
0.536

0.514
0.500
0.512

C5 3 9
6.7

2.64
1.97

5.00
5.00

1.89
1.75

0.320
0.320

0.325
0.190

8.89
7.48

3.56
2.99

1.83
1.95

0.624
0.470

0.444
0.372

0.486
0.489

0.478
0.484

C4 3 7.2
5.4

2.13
1.58

4.00
4.00

1.72
1.58

0.296
0.296

0.321
0.184

4.58
3.85

2.29
1.92

1.47
1.56

0.425
0.312

0.337
0.277

0.447
0.444

0.459
0.457

C3 3 6
5
4.1

1.76
1.47
1.20

3.00
3.00
3.00

1.60
1.50
1.41

0.273
0.273
0.273

0.356
0.258
0.170

2.07
1.85
1.65

1.38
1.23
1.10

1.08
1.12
1.17

0.300
0.241
0.191

0.263
0.228
0.196

0.413
0.405
0.398

0.455
0.439
0.437

An American Standard Channel is designated by the letter C followed by the nominal depth in inches and the weight in pounds per foot.

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tf

APPENDIX C

Properties of Rolled-Steel Shapes


(SI Units)

tw
X

A23
d

C Shapes
(American Standard Channels)

Y
bf

Flange
Web
Thickness
tw, mm

Ix
Sx
rx
106 mm4 103 mm3 mm

Iy
Sy
ry
106 mm4 103 mm3 mm

x
mm

168
145
131

Designation

Area
Depth
A, mm2 d, mm

Width
bf, mm

Thickness
tf, mm

C380 3 74
60
50.4

9480
7610
6450

381
381
381

94.5
89.4
86.4

16.5
16.5
16.5

18.2
13.2
10.2

C310 3 45
37
30.8

5680
4740
3920

305
305
305

80.5
77.5
74.7

12.7
12.7
12.7

13.0
9.83
7.16

C250 3 45
37
30
22.8

5680
4740
3790
2890

254
254
254
254

77.0
73.4
69.6
66.0

11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1

C230 3 30
22
19.9

3790
2850
2540

229
229
229

67.3
63.2
61.7

10.5
10.5
10.5

C200 3 27.9
20.5
17.1

3550
2610
2170

203
203
203

64.3
59.4
57.4

C180 3 18.2
14.6

2320
1850

178
178

C150 3 19.3
15.6
12.2

2460
1990
1540

C130 3 13
10.4

Axis X-X

Axis Y-Y

882
762
688

133
138
143

4.58
3.82
3.36

61.8
54.7
50.6

22.0
22.4
22.9

20.3
19.8
20.0

67.4
59.9
53.7

442
393
352

109
113
117

2.13
1.85
1.61

33.6
30.6
28.2

19.4
19.8
20.2

17.1
17.1
17.7

17.1
13.4
9.63
6.10

42.9
37.9
32.8
28.0

339
298
259
221

86.9
89.4
93.0
98.3

1.64
1.39
1.17
0.945

27.0
24.1
21.5
18.8

17.0
17.1
17.5
18.1

16.5
15.7
15.4
16.1

11.4
7.24
5.92

25.3
21.2
19.9

221
185
174

81.8
86.4
88.6

1.00
0.795
0.728

19.2
16.6
15.6

16.3
16.7
16.9

14.8
14.9
15.3

9.91
9.91
9.91

12.4
7.70
5.59

18.3
15.0
13.5

180
148
133

71.6
75.9
79.0

0.820
0.633
0.545

16.6
13.9
12.7

15.2
15.6
15.8

14.4
14.1
14.5

55.6
53.1

9.30
9.30

7.98
5.33

10.1
8.82

113
100

66.0
69.1

0.483
0.398

11.4
10.1

14.4
14.7

13.3
13.7

152
152
152

54.9
51.6
48.8

8.71
8.71
8.71

11.1
7.98
5.08

7.20
6.29
5.45

94.7
82.6
71.3

54.1
56.4
59.4

0.437
0.358
0.286

10.5
9.19
8.00

13.3
13.4
13.6

13.1
12.7
13.0

1700
1270

127
127

48.0
44.5

8.13
8.13

8.26
4.83

3.70
3.11

58.3
49.0

46.5
49.5

0.260
0.196

7.28
6.10

12.3
12.4

12.1
12.3

C100 3 10.8
8

1370
1020

102
102

43.7
40.1

7.52
7.52

8.15
4.67

1.91
1.60

37.5
31.5

37.3
39.6

0.177
0.130

5.52
4.54

11.4
11.3

11.7
11.6

C75 3 8.9
7.4
6.1

1140
948
774

40.6
38.1
35.8

6.93
6.93
6.93

9.04
6.55
4.32

0.862
0.770
0.687

22.6
20.2
18.0

27.4
28.4
29.7

0.125
0.100
0.0795

4.31
3.74
3.21

10.5
10.3
10.1

11.6
11.2
11.1

76.2
76.2
76.2

An American Standard Channel is designated by the letter C followed by the nominal depth in millimeters and the mass in kilograms per meter.

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A24

APPENDIX C

Properties of Rolled-Steel Shapes


(U.S. Customary Units)

Angles
Equal Legs

y
Y

Weight per
Foot, lb/ft

Axis X-X and Axis Y-Y


Area, in2

I, in4

S, in3

r, in.

x or y, in.

Axis
Z-Z
rz, in.

L8 3 8 3 1
3
4
1
2

51.0
38.9
26.4

15.0
11.4
7.75

89.1
69.9
48.8

15.8
12.2
8.36

2.43
2.46
2.49

2.36
2.26
2.17

1.56
1.57
1.59

L6 3 6 3 1
3
4
5
8
1
2
3
8

37.4
28.7
24.2
19.6
14.9

11.0
8.46
7.13
5.77
4.38

35.4
28.1
24.1
19.9
15.4

8.55
6.64
5.64
4.59
3.51

1.79
1.82
1.84
1.86
1.87

1.86
1.77
1.72
1.67
1.62

1.17
1.17
1.17
1.18
1.19

L5 3 5 3 34
5
8
1
2
3
8

23.6
20.0
16.2
12.3

6.94
5.86
4.75
3.61

15.7
13.6
11.3
8.76

4.52
3.85
3.15
2.41

1.50
1.52
1.53
1.55

1.52
1.47
1.42
1.37

0.972
0.975
0.980
0.986

L4 3 4 3 34
5
8
1
2
3
8
1
4

18.5
15.7
12.8
9.80
6.60

5.44
4.61
3.75
2.86
1.94

7.62
6.62
5.52
4.32
3.00

2.79
2.38
1.96
1.50
1.03

1.18
1.20
1.21
1.23
1.25

1.27
1.22
1.18
1.13
1.08

0.774
0.774
0.776
0.779
0.783

L312 3 312 3 12
3
8
1
4

11.1
8.50
5.80

3.25
2.48
1.69

3.63
2.86
2.00

1.48
1.15
0.787

1.05
1.07
1.09

1.05
1.00
0.954

0.679
0.683
0.688

L3 3 3 3 12
3
8
1
4

9.40
7.20
4.90

2.75
2.11
1.44

2.20
1.75
1.23

1.06
0.825
0.569

0.895
0.910
0.926

0.929
0.884
0.836

0.580
0.581
0.585

L212 3 212 3
3
8
1
4
3
16

7.70
5.90
4.10
3.07

2.25
1.73
1.19
0.900

1.22
0.972
0.692
0.535

0.716
0.558
0.387
0.295

0.735
0.749
0.764
0.771

0.803
0.758
0.711
0.687

0.481
0.481
0.482
0.482

L2 3 2 3 38
1
4
1
8

4.70
3.19
1.65

1.36
0.938
0.484

0.476
0.346
0.189

0.348
0.244
0.129

0.591
0.605
0.620

0.632
0.586
0.534

0.386
0.387
0.391

Size and Thickness, in.

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APPENDIX C

A25

Properties of Rolled-Steel Shapes


(SI Units)

Angles
Equal Legs

y
Y

Axis X-X

Size and Thickness, mm

Mass per
Meter, kg/m

Area, mm2

I
106 mm4

S
103 mm3

r
mm

x or y
mm

Axis
Z-Z
rz
mm

L203 3 203 3 25.4


19
12.7

75.9
57.9
39.3

9680
7350
5000

37.1
29.1
20.3

259
200
137

61.7
62.5
63.2

59.9
57.4
55.1

39.6
39.9
40.4

L152 3 152 3 25.4


19
15.9
12.7
9.5

55.7
42.7
36.0
29.2
22.2

7100
5460
4600
3720
2830

14.7
11.7
10.0
8.28
6.41

140
109
92.4
75.2
57.5

45.5
46.2
46.7
47.2
47.5

47.2
45.0
43.7
42.4
41.1

29.7
29.7
29.7
30.0
30.2

L127 3 127 3 19
15.9
12.7
9.5

35.1
29.8
24.1
18.3

4480
3780
3060
2330

6.53
5.66
4.70
3.65

74.1
63.1
51.6
39.5

38.1
38.6
38.9
39.4

38.6
37.3
36.1
34.8

24.7
24.8
24.9
25.0

L102 3 102 3 19
15.9
12.7
9.5
6.4

27.5
23.4
19.0
14.6
9.80

3510
2970
2420
1850
1250

3.17
2.76
2.30
1.80
1.25

45.7
39.0
32.1
24.6
16.9

30.0
30.5
30.7
31.2
31.8

32.3
31.0
30.0
28.7
27.4

19.7
19.7
19.7
19.8
19.9

L89 3 89 3 12.7
9.5
6.4

16.5
12.6
8.60

2100
1600
1090

1.51
1.19
0.832

24.3
18.8
12.9

26.7
27.2
27.7

26.7
25.4
24.2

17.2
17.3
17.5

L76 3 76 3 12.7
9.5
6.4

14.0
10.7
7.30

1770
1360
929

0.916
0.728
0.512

17.4
13.5
9.32

22.7
23.1
23.5

23.6
22.5
21.2

14.7
14.8
14.9

L64 3 64 3 12.7
9.5
6.4
4.8

11.4
8.70
6.10
4.60

1450
1120
768
581

0.508
0.405
0.288
0.223

11.7
9.14
6.34
4.83

18.7
19.0
19.4
19.6

20.4
19.3
18.1
17.4

12.2
12.2
12.2
12.2

L51 3 51 3 9.5
6.4
3.2

7.00
4.70
2.40

877
605
312

0.198
0.144
0.0787

5.70
4.00
2.11

15.0
15.4
15.7

16.1
14.9
13.6

9.80
9.83
9.93

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A26

APPENDIX C

Properties of Rolled-Steel Shapes


(U.S. Customary Units)

Angles
Unequal Legs

Axis X-X
Size and
Thickness, in.

Weight per
Foot, lb/ft Area, in2

Axis Y-Y

Axis Z-Z

Ix, in4

Sx, in3

r x, in.

y, in.

Iy, in4

Sy, in3 r y, in.

x, in.

rz, in.

tan a

38.8
30.8
21.7

8.92
6.92
4.79

1.72
1.75
1.79

1.65
1.56
1.46

1.28
1.29
1.30

0.542
0.550
0.557

L8 3 6 3 1
3
4
1
2

44.2
33.8
23.0

13.0
9.94
6.75

80.9
63.5
44.4

15.1
11.7
8.01

2.49
2.52
2.55

2.65
2.55
2.46

L6 3 4 3 34
1
2
3
8

23.6
16.2
12.3

6.94
4.75
3.61

24.5
17.3
13.4

6.23
4.31
3.30

1.88
1.91
1.93

2.07
1.98
1.93

8.63
6.22
4.86

2.95
2.06
1.58

1.12
1.14
1.16

1.07
0.981
0.933

0.856
0.864
0.870

0.428
0.440
0.446

L5 3 3 3 12
3
8
1
4

12.8
9.80
6.60

3.75
2.86
1.94

9.43
7.35
5.09

2.89
2.22
1.51

1.58
1.60
1.62

1.74
1.69
1.64

2.55
2.01
1.41

1.13
0.874
0.600

0.824
0.838
0.853

0.746
0.698
0.648

0.642
0.646
0.652

0.357
0.364
0.371

L4 3 3 3 12
3
8
1
4

11.1
8.50
5.80

3.25
2.48
1.69

5.02
3.94
2.75

1.87
1.44
0.988

1.24
1.26
1.27

1.32
1.27
1.22

2.40
1.89
1.33

1.10
0.851
0.585

0.858
0.873
0.887

0.822
0.775
0.725

0.633
0.636
0.639

0.542
0.551
0.558

L312 3 212 3 12
3
8
1
4

9.40
7.20
4.90

2.75
2.11
1.44

3.24
2.56
1.81

1.41
1.09
0.753

1.08
1.10
1.12

1.20
1.15
1.10

1.36
1.09
0.775

0.756
0.589
0.410

0.701
0.716
0.731

0.701
0.655
0.607

0.532
0.535
0.541

0.485
0.495
0.504

L3 3 2 3 12
3
8
1
4

7.70
5.90
4.10

2.25
1.73
1.19

1.92
1.54
1.09

1.00
0.779
0.541

0.922
0.937
0.953

1.08
1.03
0.980

0.667
0.539
0.390

0.470
0.368
0.258

0.543
0.555
0.569

0.580
0.535
0.487

0.425
0.426
0.431

0.413
0.426
0.437

L212 3 2 3 38
1
4

5.30
3.62

1.55
1.06

0.914
0.656

0.546
0.381

0.766
0.782

0.826
0.779

0.513
0.372

0.361
0.253

0.574
0.589

0.578
0.532

0.419
0.423

0.612
0.624

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A27

APPENDIX C

Properties of Rolled-Steel Shapes


(SI Units)

Angles
Unequal Legs

Axis X-X

Axis Y-Y

Axis Z-Z

Size and
Thickness,
mm

Mass per
Meter
kg/m

Area
mm2

Ix
Sx
rx
106 mm4 103 mm3 mm

y
mm

Iy
Sy
ry
106 mm4 103 mm3 mm

x
mm

rz
mm

tan a

L203 3 152 3 25.4


19
12.7

65.5
50.1
34.1

8390
6410
4350

33.7
26.4
18.5

247
192
131

63.2
64.0
64.8

67.3
64.8
62.5

16.1
12.8
9.03

146
113
78.5

43.7
44.5
45.5

41.9
39.6
37.1

32.5
32.8
33.0

0.542
0.550
0.557

L152 3 102 3 19
12.7
9.5

35.0
24.0
18.2

4480
3060
2330

10.2
7.20
5.58

102
70.6
54.1

47.8
48.5
49.0

52.6
50.3
49.0

3.59
2.59
2.02

48.3
33.8
25.9

28.4
29.0
29.5

27.2
24.9
23.7

21.7
21.9
22.1

0.428
0.440
0.446

L127 3 76 3 12.7
9.5
6.4

19.0
14.5
9.80

2420
1850
1250

3.93
3.06
2.12

47.4
36.4
24.7

40.1
40.6
41.1

44.2
42.9
41.7

1.06
0.837
0.587

18.5
14.3
9.83

20.9
21.3
21.7

18.9
17.7
16.5

16.3
16.4
16.6

0.357
0.364
0.371

L102 3 76 3 12.7
9.5
6.4

16.4
12.6
8.60

2100
1600
1090

2.09
1.64
1.14

30.6
23.6
16.2

31.5
32.0
32.3

33.5
32.3
31.0

0.999
0.787
0.554

18.0
13.9
9.59

21.8
22.2
22.5

20.9
19.7
18.4

16.1
16.2
16.2

0.542
0.551
0.558

L89 3 64 3 12.7
9.5
6.4

13.9
10.7
7.30

1770
1360
929

1.35
1.07
0.753

23.1
17.9
12.3

27.4
27.9
28.4

30.5
29.2
27.9

0.566
0.454
0.323

12.4
9.65
6.72

17.8
18.2
18.6

17.8
16.6
15.4

13.5
13.6
13.7

0.485
0.495
0.504

L76 3 51 3 12.7
9.5
6.4

11.5
8.80
6.10

1450
1120
768

0.799
0.641
0.454

16.4
12.8
8.87

23.4
23.8
24.2

27.4
26.2
24.9

0.278
0.224
0.162

7.70
6.03
4.23

13.8
14.1
14.5

14.7
13.6
12.4

10.8
10.8
10.9

0.413
0.426
0.437

L64 3 51 3 9.5
6.4

7.90
5.40

1000
684

0.380
0.273

8.95
6.24

19.5
19.9

21.0
19.8

0.214
0.155

5.92
4.15

14.6
15.0

14.7
13.5

10.6
10.7

0.612
0.624

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A28
APPENDIX D
Beam and Loading
1

Maximum
Deflection

Elastic Curve
y

O
L

Beam Deflections and Slopes


Slope at End

Equation of Elastic Curve

x
ymax

PL3
3EI

PL2
2EI

y5

x
ymax

wL4
8EI

wL3
6EI

y52

w
1x4 2 4Lx3 1 6L2x2 2
24EI

x
ymax

ML2
2EI

ML
EI

y52

M 2
x
2EI

P
1x3 2 3Lx2 2
6EI

2
w

O
L
3
y

O
L

4
P

1
L
2

PL
48EI

PL
16EI

ymax

1
L
2

For x # 12L:
P
y5
14x3 2 3L2x2
48EI

5
P

y
b

L
b

B x
ymax

A
xm

For a . b:
Pb1L2 2 b2 2 3y2
2
9 13EIL
L 2 2 b2
at xm 5
B
3

uA 5 2
uB 5 1

Pb1L2 2 b2 2
6EIL
Pa1L2 2 a2 2
6EIL

For x , a:
Pb
y5
3x3 2 1L2 2 b2 2x 4
6EIL
Pa2b2
For x 5 a: y 5 2
3EIL

6
w

L
x

O
1
L
2

5wL4
384EI

wL3
24EI

y52

w
1x4 2 2Lx3 1 L3x2
24EI

y52

M
1x3 2 L2x2
6EIL

ymax

7
M
A

B
L

L
B x

A
L
3

ymax

ML2
9 13EI

ML
6EI
ML
uB 5 2
3EI

uA 5 1

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