BANNARI AMMAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SATHYAMANGALAM
Department of ECE

Class S5 ECE A & B
Subject Code 11L501
Subject Digital Communication
Prepared By C.Kamalanathan

Time:
Lesson. No 2

1.

Content List: Error Rate due to Noise

2.

Skills Addressed: Reading, Writing, Listening, Understanding, Drawing Mind Map,
Analyzing

3. Objectives:
1. To analyse the channel noise on performance of a binary PCM system
2. To study about the probability error in a PCM receiver

4. Lesson Links:
1. What are the two possible kinds of error to be considered?
2. Draw the decision making process of the receiver.
3. Define Complementary error function.
5. Alpha Breathing : (2 Mins)
The three steps for alpha breathing are
Breathe in
Breathe out
Hold
(Repeat the three steps for 8 times)
6. Evocation : (5 mins )

7. Introduction:( 20-25 mins)
Attached as power point presentation in Annexure I


8. Brain Activation: (2 mins)
http://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/index.html
9. Survey and Reading by students: (15-18 mins)
Book: Communication Systems 4
th
Edition Author: Simon Haykin Page No: 253 - 258
10.






Discussion: ( 9 mins)
The students will be asked to discuss the relevant topic among their team/other
team/Faculty. The students those who have not taken part will be noted and kindle them to
do.
11. Mind Map: (5-7 mins)
Attached as power point presentation in Annexure II
12. Summary: (5 mins)
Attached as power point presentation in Annexure III
13. Gazing/Rote memory: (2 mins)
1. Polar non-return-to-zero (NRZ)
2. Additive white Gaussian noise w(t)
3. Transmitted pulse Amplitude
4. Threshold
5. First kind of error
6. Second kind of error
7. Complementary error function
8. Gaussian Distribution
9. Condtional probability of error
10. Average probability of symbol error

14. Assessment:
Attached as power point presentation in Annexure IV
15. Learning outcomes:
By learning this topic the students will be able to understand Error rate due to noise it
will help them to apply this knowledge in real time applications.











Annexure II Mind Map













































Two possible kinds of error to
be considered
1. First kind
2. Second kind
The structure of the receiver
used to perform this decision-
making process
Decision making
process consists of
Matched filter and
a sampler
First kind
Symbol 1 is chosen
when a 0 was
actually
transmitted
Second kind
Symbol 0 is chosen
when a 1 was
actually
transmitted

Error Rate due to noise
Addtitive white Gaussian noise
w(t) of zero mean and power
spectral density N
0
/2
Annexure III - Summary
The channel noise is modeled as additive white Gaussian noise w(t) of zero mean and
power spectral density No/2.
Two possible kinds of error to be considered.
Symbol 1 is chosen when 0 was actually transmitted, refer this error as error of first kind.
Symbol 0 is chosen when 1 was actually transmitted, refer this error as error of second
kind.




Annexure IV - Multiple choice Questions

1
In quaternary baseband transmission, the ratio of transmission speeds in
bits/second and bauds is
a)2 b) 4 c) 0.5 d) 0.25


ANS:
2
A binary PCM based on polar
a)NRZ signaling b) Bipolar RZ c) Manchester code d)
Unipolar NRZ


ANS:
3
The channel noise is modeled as additive white Gaussian noise w(t) of
a) Zero mean and power spectral density N
o
/2
b) Zero mean
c) Power spectral density N
o
/2
d) Zero mean and power spectral density N
o
/2


ANS: