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SAP ABAP OOPS Interview Questions and Answers
1. Difference between Local Class and Global Class ?
Local and Global Classes
Classes in ABAP Objects can be declared either globally or locally. You define global classes
and interfaces in the Class Builder (Transaction SE24) in the ABAP Workbench. They are stored
centrally in class pools in the class library in the R/3 Repository. All of the ABAP programs in
an R/3 System can access the global classes. Local classes are defined within an ABAP program.
Local classes and interfaces can only be used in the program in which they are defined. When
you use a class in an ABAP program, the system first searches for a local class with the specified
name. If it does not find one, it then looks for a global class. Apart from the visibility question,
there is no difference between using a global class and using a local class.
There is, however, a significant difference in the way that local and global classes are designed.
If you are defining a local class that is only used in a single program, it is usually sufficient to
define the outwardly visible components so that it fits into that program. Global classes, on the
other hand, must be able to be used anywhere. This means that certain restrictions apply when
you define the interface of a global class, since the system must be able to guarantee that any
program using an object of a global class can recognize the data type of each interface parameter.
2. What is Final Class ?
If u do not want that, anyone change or override the functionality of that class, you can declare it
as final. A final class cannot be redefined further. Lastly if only a method of class is final, then
that class can be inherited but that method cannot be re defined.
http://wiki.sdn.sap.com/wiki/display/ABAP/ABAP+Objects+-
+Inheritance+in+ABSTRACT+and+FINAL+Local+Classes+-+Example
3. What is Friend Class? When we use Friend Class?
There are certain special cases where a class would want access to other classes private attributes
and methods in such scenario we can make use of the friends concept in classes.
If a class A declares itself as a friend to class B then class B will have access to all the private
and protected attributes and methods of class A.
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report YCL_FRIENDS
*&
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*


REPORT ycl_friends.

CLASS abc_employs DEFINITION DEFERRED.

*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* CLASS abc_org DEFINITION
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS abc_org DEFINITION FRIENDS abc_employs.

PUBLIC SECTION.

DATA : stock_price TYPE char10 VALUE 100.

METHODS display_stock_price.

PRIVATE SECTION.

DATA : avg_ctc TYPE char10 VALUE 200.

METHODS display_avg_ctc.

ENDCLASS. "abc_org DEFINITION

*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* CLASS abc_org IMPLEMENTATION
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS abc_org IMPLEMENTATION.

METHOD display_stock_price.

WRITE / stock_price.

SKIP.

ENDMETHOD. "display_stock_price

METHOD display_avg_ctc.

WRITE / avg_ctc.

SKIP.

ENDMETHOD. "display_avg_ctc

ENDCLASS. "abc_org IMPLEMENTATION


*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* CLASS abc_employs DEFINITION
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS abc_employs DEFINITION INHERITING FROM abc_org.

PUBLIC SECTION.

METHODS : display_emp.

ENDCLASS. "abc_employs DEFINITION


*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* CLASS abc_employs IMPLEMENTATION
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS abc_employs IMPLEMENTATION.

METHOD display_emp.

DATA ref_empl TYPE REF TO abc_org.

CREATE OBJECT ref_empl.

CALL METHOD ref_empl->display_stock_price.
CALL METHOD ref_empl->display_avg_ctc.

ENDMETHOD. "display_emp

ENDCLASS. "abc_employs IMPLEMENTATION

*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* CLASS abc_shareholder DEFINITION
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS abc_shareholder DEFINITION INHERITING FROM abc_org.

PUBLIC SECTION.

METHODS display_shr.

ENDCLASS. "abc_shareholder DEFINITION

*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* CLASS abc_shareholder IMPLEMENTATION
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS abc_shareholder IMPLEMENTATION.

METHOD display_shr.

DATA ref_shr TYPE REF TO abc_org.

CREATE OBJECT ref_shr.

CALL METHOD ref_shr->display_stock_price.
* CALL METHOD ref_shr->display_avg_ctc. " This will throw an error.

ENDMETHOD. "display_emp

ENDCLASS. "abc_shareholder IMPLEMENTATION

START-OF-SELECTION.

DATA : ref_emp TYPE REF TO abc_employs,
ref_shr TYPE REF TO abc_shareholder.

CREATE OBJECT ref_emp.
CREATE OBJECT ref_shr.

CALL METHOD ref_emp->display_emp.

CALL METHOD ref_shr->display_shr.

4. What is the use of Abstract Class ?
Abstract Class is a special kind of class which cant be instantiated. We can only instantiate the
subclasses of the Abstract class if they are not abstract. Abstract class should at least contain one
abstract method. Abstract methods are methods without any implementation only a declaration.
We can certainly define the variables referencing to Abstract class and instantiate with specific
subclass at runtime.
-> We can define some common functionalities in Abstract class (Super-class) and those can be
used in derived classes (Sub classes).


REPORT ze00707_abstract.
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* CLASS lcl_abstract DEFINITION
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS lcl_abstract DEFINITION ABSTRACT.
PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS : abstract_display ABSTRACT.
METHODS : display.
ENDCLASS. "lcl_abstract DEFINITION
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* CLASS lcl_abstract IMPLEMENTATION
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS lcl_abstract IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD display.
WRITE:/ 'Normal method'.
ENDMETHOD. "display
ENDCLASS. "lcl_abstract IMPLEMENTATION
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* CLASS lcl_class DEFINITION
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS lcl_class DEFINITION INHERITING FROM lcl_abstract.
PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS abstract_display REDEFINITION.
METHODS class_display.
ENDCLASS. "lcl_class DEFINITION
Abstract Class
Object Oriented concepts in ABAP
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* CLASS lcl_class IMPLEMENTATION
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS lcl_class IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD abstract_display.
WRITE:/ 'Abstract method'.
ENDMETHOD. "abstract_display
METHOD class_display.
WRITE:/ 'Class method'.
ENDMETHOD. "class_display
ENDCLASS. "lcl_class IMPLEMENTATION


START-OF-SELECTION.
DATA : l_ref TYPE REF TO lcl_class.
CREATE OBJECT l_ref.
l_ref->class_display( ).
l_ref->abstract_display( ).
l_ref->display( ).

5. What is the use of an Interface ?
The Main Difference Between the Abstract Class And the Interface are:

1) When inheriting A Interface We have to inherit all the methods of the Interface there's no
other option whereas with abstract classes we can inherit the members that we are in need of.

2) The Main difference between these is that Interface cannot have any declaration within it. Just
the interface has to have body of the method and the method is to be used by the classes
inheriting it. Whereas in the case of Abstract Class it can have declarations (Other than the
abstract method) and it can be further extended in the classes inheriting the Abstract Class.