R E C O U N T A recount is a piece of text that retells past events, usually in the order in which they happened. Teks Recount adalah teks yang berisi tentang pengalaman pengalaman atau kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau. ehingga tenses yang digunakan adalah Past Tense. uch as! "ersonal recounts, eg. #iary, personal letters, etc $actual retellings, eg. science experiment or news, police report, incidents reports. %maginative recounts &rientation! provides the setting and introduces participants. 'vents! tell what happened, in what se(uence. Re)orientation *A personal comment+! optional)closure of events. Watching Movi O!intation ,y sister and % went to see a film last night. %t was an American movie called The -ost $light. %t showed how people can (uickly change when they have to look after themselves in the jungle. %t was an interesting film about a plane which crashed on a small empty island in the "acific &cean. Evnt "# Although the passengers were safe, nobody knew where the plane had crashed. o the passengers had to learn how to hunt for food in the jungle and how to catch fish from the sea to eat. Evnt $# After a few weeks, the passengers were eating raw fish and meat. Evnt %# After they had been on the island for two months, three of the men made a boat and sailed away to find help. .ut their boat sank and they were drowned. Ro!intation# The film ended without saying whether the passengers were rescued or not. .ut my sister and % enjoyed the film. // GENRE SOCIAL FUNCTION GENERIC STRUCTURE EXAMPLE R E P O R T
A report is used to present information about something. Reports generally describe an entire class of things, whether natural or made and also social phenomena in our environment. Teks Report adalah teks yang isinya mendeskripsikan sesuatu *binatang0barang0tempat umum,dll+ secara umum. uch as! .rochures, government and business report. 1eneral classification! tells what the phenomenon under discussion is. #escription tells what the phenomenon under discussion is like in terms of *2+ parts, */+ (ualities, *3+ habits or behaviors, if living4 uses, if non)natural. Wha&' Gn!a& C&a''i(ication 5hales are sea)living mammals )'c!i*tion# *behaviours, (ualities, parts+ They therefore breathe air but cannot survive on land. ome species are very large indeed and the blue whale, which can exceed 36m in length, is the largest animal to have lived on earth. uperficially, the whale looks rather like a fish, but there are important differences in its external structure! its tail consists ofa pair of broad, flat, hori7ontal paddles *the tail of a fish is vertical+ and it has a single nostril on top of its large, broad head. The skin is smooth and shiny and beneath it lies a layer of fat *blubber+. This is up to 36 cm in thickness and serves to conserve heat and body fluids. /3 GENRE SOCIAL FUNCTION GENERIC STRUCTURE EXAMPLE N E W S I T E M %t is to inform the readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important. 8ewsworthy 'vent*s+! recounts the event in summary form. .ackground 'vents! elaborate what happened, to whom, in what circumstances. ources! comments by participants in, witnesses to and authorities expert on the event. To+n ,Conta-inat., N+'+o!th/ Evnt ,oscow )A Russian journalist has uncovered evidence of another oviet nuclear catastrophe, which killed 26 sailors and contaminated an entire town. 0ac1g!o2n. Evnt' 9elena :a7rshavskya is the first journalist to speak to people who witnessed the explosion of a nuclear submarine at the naval base ofshkotovo ) // near :ladivostock. The accident, which occurred 23 months before the ;hemobyl disaster, spread radioactive fall)out over the base and i.earby town. but was covered up by officials of the then oviet <nion. Residents were told the explosion in the reactor of the :ictor) class submarine during a refit had been a =thermal= and not a nuclear explosion. And those involved in the clean up operation to remove more than >66 tonnes of contaminated material were sworn to secrecy. So2!c' A board of investigators was later to describe it as the worst accident in the history of the oviet 8avy. /? GENRE SOCIAL FUNCTION GENERIC STRUCTURE EXAMPLE S P O O F T E X T ocial function ! to share with others a real story of which ending is funny to amuse the audience or readers. &rientation ! the opening of the story which sets the scene. 'vents ! the details of the events in the story. Twist ! the funny or unpredictable ending of the story. Png2in In Th Pa!1 O!intation &nce a man was walking in a park when he came across a penguin. Evnt " @e took him to a policeman and said, =% have just found this penguin. 5hat should % doA= The policeman replied, =take him to the 7oo=. Evnt $ The next day the policeman saw the same man in the same park and the man was still carrying the penguin with him. The policeman was rather surprised and walked up to the man and asked, =5hy are you still carrying that penguin aboutA #idn=t you take it to the 7ooA = =% certainly didB, replied the man. T+i't and it was a great idea because he really enjoyed it, so today %=m taking him to the moviestC /D GENRE SOCIAL FUNCTION GENERIC STRUCTURE EXAMPLE N A R R A T I 3 E 8arrative is the telling of the story by using spoken or written language. %t is usually not real, fiction. Teks 8arratif adalah teks yang isinya tentang cerita *fiksi0non fiksi0dongeng0 cerita rakyat, dll+ dan dalam alur plotnya selalu disertai dengan puncak masalah0 klimaks *complication+ kemudian diikuti dengan penyelesaian masalah *Resolution+. 'g fairytales, legends, plays, science fiction, myths, novel, cartoons, adventure0 short stories. &rientation! sets the scene and introduces the participants *who 0 what, where and when+. 'valuation! a stepping back to evaluate the plight. ;omplication! a crisis arises. Resolution ! the crisis is resolved, for better or for worse. Re)orientation! optional. Sno+ Whit O!intation &nce upon a time there lived a little girl named now 5hite. he lived with her Aunt and <ncle because her parents were dead. Co-*&ication &ne day she heard her <ncle and Aunt talking about leaving now 5hite in the castle because they both wanted to go to America and they didn't have enough money to take now 5hite. R'o&2tion now 5hite did not want her <ncle and Aunt to do this so she decided it would be best if she ran away. The next morning she ran away from home when her Aunt and <ncle were having breakfast. he ran away into the woods. Co-*&ication he was very tired and hungry. Then she saw this little cottage. he knocked but no one answered so she went inside and fell asleep. ,eanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There they found now 5hite sleeping. Then now 5hite woke up. he saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said, what is your nameA now 5hite said, =,y name is now 5hite=. R'o&2tion #oc said, =%f you wish, you may live here with usE. now 5hite said, =&h could %A Thank you.= Then now 5hite told the dwarfs the whole story and now 5hite and the F dwarfs lived happily ever after. /> GENRE SOCIAL FUNCTION GENERIC STRUCTURE EXAMPLE P R O C E ) U R E
The social function of procedure text is to describe how something is accomplished through a se(uence of actions or steps. Teks "rosedure adalah teks yang isinya mengenai langkah langkah 0step bagaimana membuat 0 melakukan sesuatu. 'g. Recipes 0 cookbooks, craft instructions, game rules, science experiments0report. 1oal or aim. ,aterials *not re(uired for all procedural texts+ teps 2)n *i.e. 1oal followed by a series of steps oriented to achieving the 1oal+ Th 4o& Ga- Goa& 4o+ to *&a/ The Hole Game Mat!ia&' n.. Two players &ne marble per person A hole in ground A line *distance+ to start from Mtho. ('t* "5n) 2. $irst you must dub (click marbles together+. /. Then you must check that the marbles are in good condition and are nearly worth the same value. 3. 8ext you must dig a hole in the ground and draw a line a fair distance away from the hole. ?. The first player carefully throws his or her marble towards the hole. D. Then the second player tries to throw his or her marble closer to the hole than his or her opponent. >. The player whose marble is closest to the hole tries to flick his or her marble into the hole. %f successful, this player tries to flick his or her opponent=s marble into the hole. The person flicking the last marble into the hole wins and gets to keep both marbles. /F GENRE SOCIAL FUNCTION GENERIC STRUCTURE EXAMPLE ) E S C R I P T I O N #escriptions focus our attention on the characteristic features of a particular thing. Teks #eskriptif adalah teks yang isinya mendeskripsikan tentang sesuatu hal *benda0orang0 tempat0binatang, dll+ secara spesifik0detail. %dentification ! %dentifies phenomenon to be described. #escripton ! #escribes parts, (ualities, characters. Nat2!a& 0!i.g Nationa& Pa!1 I.nti(ication 8atural .ridge 8ational "ark is a luscious tropical rainforest. )'c!i*tion %t is located 226 kilometres south of .risbane and is reached by following the "acific @ighway to 8erang and then by travelling through the 8uminbah :alley. This scenic roadway lies in the shadow of the -amington 8ational "ark. The phenomenon of the rock formed into a natural =archG and the cave through which a waterfall cascades is a short 2 kilometre walk below a dense rainforest canopy from the main picnic area. wimming is permitted in the rock pools. 8ight)time visitors to the cave will discover the uni(ue feature of the glow worms. "icnic areas offer toilets, barbecues, shelter sheds, water and fireplaces4 however, overnight camping is not permitted. /H GENRE SOCIAL FUNCTION GENERIC STRUCTURE EXAMPLE E X P L A N A T I O N 'xplanations tell how and why things occur in scientific and technical fields or explain the processes involved in the formation or workings of natural or socio)cultural phenomena. Teks 'ksplanation adalah teks yang menceritakan bagaimana dan mengapa hal itu terjadi di bidang teknik dan keilmuan *menerangkan suatu proses+ uch as! 8ews report, text book, 'g. explain how soil erosion occurs, explain why Australian fauna is uni(ue. A general statement to position the reader. A se(uenced explanation of why or how something occurs. A 6!i( S2--a!/ o( S*ch P!o.2ction Gn!a& Stat-nt to Po'ition th Ra.! peech production is made possible by the specialised movements of our vocal organs that generate speech sounds waves. E7*&anation -ike all sound production, speech production reuires a source of energy. The source of energy for speech production is the steady stream of air that comes from the lungs as we exhale. 5hen we breathe normally, the air stream is inaudible. To become audible, the air stream must vibrate rapidly. The vocal cords cause the air stream to vibrate. E7*&anation As we talk, the vocal cords open and close rapidly, chopping up the steady air stream into a series of puffs. These puffs are heard as a bu77. .ut this bu77 is still not speech. E7*&anation To produce speech sounds, the vocal tract must change shape. #uring speech we continually alter the shape of the vocal track by moving the tongue and lips,etc. These movements change the acoustic properties of the vocal tract, which in turn produce the different sounds of speech. /I GENRE SOCIAL FUNCTION GENERIC STRUCTURE EXAMPLE E X P O S I T I O N ( A N A L I T 8 C A L ) %t is to persuade the reader or listener that somethingBs the case. Teks Analytical 'ksposisi adalah teks yang berisikan ajakan sesuatu kepada pembaca atau pendengar. uch as! 'ditorials, essays, commentaries Thesis "osition! %ntroduces topic and indicates writerBs position. "review! &utlines the main arguments to be presented. !rguments "oint! restates main arguments outlined in "review. 'laboration! develops and supports each "oint0argument. "eiteration# restates writerBs position. A2't!&ia9' Gov!-nt Th'i'# Po'ition %n Australia there are three levels of government, the federal government, state governments and local governments. All of these levels of government are necessary. This is so for a number of reasons. A!g2-nt " Point $irst, the federal government is necessary for the big things. 'laboration They keep the economy in order and look after things like defence. A!g2-nt $ Point imilarly, the state governments look after the middle si7ed things. 'laboration $or example they look after law and order, preventing things like vandalism in schools. A!g2-nt % Point $inally, local governments look after the small things. 'laboration They look after things like collecting rubbish, otherwise everyone would have diseases. R5o!intation Thus. for the reasons above we can conclude that the three levels of government are necessary 36 GENRE SOCIAL FUNCTION GENERIC STRUCTURE EXAMPLE E X P O S I T I O N ( 4 O R T A T O R 8 ) %t is to persuade the reader or listener that something should or should not be the case. Teks @ortatory 'ksposisi adalah teks yang berisi ajakan kepada pembaca atau pendengar untuk melakukan sesuatu atau sesuatu itu jangan dilakukan. uch as! 'ditorials, essays, commentaries Thesis! announcement of issue concern. Arguments! reasons for concern, leading to recommendation. Recommendation! statement of what ought or ought not to happen. Co2nt!/ Conc!n Th'i' %n all the discussion over the removal of lead from petrol *and the atmosphere+ there doesn't seem to have been any mention of the difference between driving in the city and the country. A!g2-nt 5hile % reali$e my leaded petrol car is polluting the air wherever 2 drive, % feel that when you travel through the country, where you only see another car every five to ten minutes, the problem is not as severe as when traffic is concentrated on city roads. A!g2-nt Those who want to penalise older, leaded petrol vehicles and their owners don 'tseem to appreciate that, in me country, there is no public transport to fall back upon and one=s own vehicle is the only way to get about. Rco--n.ation % feel that country people, who often have to travel huge distances to the nearest town and who already spend & great deal of money on petrol, should be treated differently to the people who live in the city. 32