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STUDENTS MODULE

BAHASA INGGERIS 1119

























Where theres a will, theres a way.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. Paper 1

1 Section A : Directed Writing
a) Article
b) Speeches / Talks
c) Reports
d) Formal Letter
e) Informal Letter
f) Reminders
g) Language Descriptors
2 Section B : Continuous Writing
a) General Guidelines
b) Narrative
c) Descriptive (Events)
d) Expository
e) Argumentative
f) Language Descriptors

B. Paper 2

1 Section C : Reading Comprehension
a) Summary
b) Language Descriptors
2 Section D : Literature
a) Poems
b) Short Stories
c) Novel
d) Language Descriptors

C. Grammar
a) Common Errors



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PAPER 1

SECTION A






DIRECTED
WRITING













If I hear, I forget,
If I see, I remember,
If I do, I make it my own.

- Chinese saying -
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ANALYSIS OF PAST YEAR EXAM PAPERS (2001 2008)

YEAR POEMS
2001 An article for school newsletter
2002 A talk on road safety
2003 A formal letter to a class teacher (trip)
2004 A report to principal about the school canteen
2005 An informal letter (to a friend)
2006 An informal letter (to a friend)
2007 A talk on a reference book
2008 An article for school newsletter

GENERAL GUIDELINES
The marks given for Directed Writing will be based on the Content of your
essay and on your Language.
A. Content :-
i) Carrying out the instructions correctly.
You will be given clear instructions as to the content and form of
the expected answer. The examiner will want to see how far you
are able to carry out the instructions which have been given in
the question.
ii) Presenting the basic points.
Some basic points will be given in the question, which you are to
present in your answer. Marks will be awarded for each relevant
point that is mentioned in the answer.
iii) Elaborating the basic points
The basic points will be given in the question. You will have to
elaborate on those points by giving details or examples.
Depending on the question, sometimes marks are awarded for
each relevant elaboration.

B. Language
Language use is assessed according to the following criteria
i) Grammatical correctness
ii) A variety of sentence types
iii) Effective vocabulary
iv) Good planning
v) Style or tone
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A) ARTICLES

Guidelines On Writing An Article

1. Students must write an ARTICLE using the proper format.

2. The article should have a TITLE.

3. The article must have 3 to 5 paragraphs where the points given are
elaborated and supported by examples.

4. Mark allocation:



Format : 3

Content : 12

Language 20
____________________

TOTAL 35
____________________




Format - F1- title, F2- conclusion, F3- writer

Content - usually content are given in the form of short notes.
Students are also required to elaborate and to provide 2
other points based on the need of the task

Language - Refer to Language Descriptors for Directed Writing.















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Sample question from 1119/1 (Bahasa Inggeris SPM 2008)

Section A : Directed Writing

You recently attended a leadership camp organized by your school. At the
camp, one of your friends was a chosen as the best group leader. You have
been asked to write an article about your friend for your school magazine.

Write your article based on the information below.


BEST GROUP LEADER




Friends details Reasons why he/she Award received
was chosen


















When writing the article, you should remember:

- to give a suitable title
- to give your name as the writer
- to use all the information given
- to provide an ending
- to add two other reasons why your friend was chosen
- that your readers are students of your school






name
age
family
background
responsible
caring
best speaker
for camp
debate
school
attended
certificate of
achievement
RM500
voted the
most
cooperative
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SAMPLE ANSWER

Hamids Fantastic Feat ( F1)
By Amirul ( F2)


On the 1
st
and 2
nd
of October 2008, our school organized its 10
th

annual Elite Leadership Camp. Held at Warriors Camp atop Frasers
Hill, the two-day camp centred on moulding students of the school into
responsible young adults before they bid farewell to their secondary
school life. The camp, which was opened to Form Five students,
culminated in the presentation of the Best Group Leader title to a
deserving student.
Born on the 2
nd
of July 1991, this 17-year old is the older brother
of two young sisters and the only son of Kamarul bin Aznin and Sophia

binti Hamdan. He enrolled in SK Bukit Berjasa at the age of 7 and left
the school with honours such as the president of the Drama Society and

the Assistant head Prefect. This person is none other than Hamid bin
Kamarul, whom many of us know and like. In fact, I am truly glad to
call him as one of my closest friends.
Those of us present at the camp were not surprised when it was
announced that Hamid bin Kamarul had been chosen as the best group

leader. After all it is undoubtedly a responsible and caring person. He

had no qualms when asked to be in charge of his group and even

showed his nurturing side when a fellow team mate was injured. Hamid
helped to treat the grazed knee of David Chew when the latter fell
during the obstacle race.
When it was announced that there would be an impromptu debate
among the group, many of us were overcome with anxiety. On the
other hand, Hamid remained calm and composed and led his team
to emerge victorious. Not only that , he was voted as the best speaker

of the debate as a testament to his true eloquence and oratory skills.


G
O
O
D

I
N
T
R
O

1



11



1















11


1

1












1

C2
C4
C1
C5 C6
C11
C12
C7
C3
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He had a way of getting his contentions across clearly and effectively.
He commanded every one attention with the confidence in his voice.
Furthermore, Hamid was voted as the most co-operative team

member of the entire camp. When questioned later, Madam Wong
explained that this was because he was always the first person to
volunteer for any task or activity and his enthusiasm at getting the
challenges completed was a trait that should be exemplified by us all.
However, that is not all as Hamid was also the catalyst in his teams win
in the poster designing competition, as well as a constant motivator of
his team. He was always giving them words of encouragement and his
team members were positive that he was a terrific group leader.
Thanks to his positive attributes and immense abilities to take the

lead, Hamid received the awards of a certificate of achievement and a

whopping RM500. Hamid later on told me that he would be giving the
money to charity and would not keep a single cent. He stressed that
the certificate was sufficient and would prove to be a reminder of the
wonderful time he had at the Elite Leadership Camp. Truly, he was the
mark of a great leader.

In retrospect, Hamid positive traits ought to be emulated by us
all. Despite the enormous amount of attention drawn to him since the
camp, Hamid remains humble and down-to-earth, He maintains that he
is merely being himself and he undeniably happy and contented with his
achievements thus far. So, if you were to congratulate him in the
hallways, do not expect a pompous Hamid to snub you. Instead, he will
give a warm smile. Three cheers for Hamid Kamarul.






1













1


1








F3

(589 words)





C8
C9
C10
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Marks awarded :

Format:

F1 - title

F2 - name of writer

F3 - ending


Content points:

C1 - name

C2 - age

C3 - family background

C4 - school attended

C5 - responsible

C6 - caring

C7 - Best speaker for camp debate

C8 - Voted the most co-operative

C9 - Certificate of achievement

C10 - RM500

C11 - one reason why your friend was chosen

C12 - one reason why your friend was chosen


Note: A tick (/) indicates good appropriate vocabulary, structure and tone.











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ENRICHMENT ACTIVITIES

Question 1

Road accidents have been on the rise lately. More and more young people
are becoming victims of these road accidents. As the member of the Road
Safety Club, you have been asked to write an article on road safety.

Below are some notes you have made on the reasons why road accidents
occur and suggestions to reduce the number of accidents:

Reasons Suggestions
speed strict enforcement of traffic rules
reckless driving increase fines
tiredness road worthy vehicles
racing awareness campaigns
poor maintenance of vehicle increase age limit for new drivers
road conditions suspend driving license


Write out the article. When writing out the article, you should remember to:

give a title
write the writers name
end/conclude the article

(35 marks)


















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Question 2

As the President of the Youth Club in your school, you had been asked to
write an article titled Social Problems among Youths Today for your
school magazine. You have the following information to help you to write the
article.



SOCIAL PROBLEMS AMONG THE YOUTHS


Social Problems Reasons Solutions

drugs/ alcoholism
runaways
truancy/ loitering
vandalism/
gangsterism


lack of parental
guidance
broken families
poverty
lack of religious
and moral values


religious and moral
classes
school to play the role
parents to be more caring
government activities to
make youth occupy their
time wisely


Write out the article. When writing out the article, you should remember to:

give a title
write the writers name
end/ conclude the article

Add other relevant details to make your article interesting.



















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B) SPEECHES/TALKS

Guidelines On Writing A Speech/Talk

1. Students must write a SPEECH/TALK using the proper format.

2. The speech must have 3 to 5 paragraphs where the points given are
elaborated and supported by examples.

3. Mark allocation:



Format : 3

Content : 12

Language 20
____________________

TOTAL 35
____________________




Format - F1- title, F2- introduction, F3- writer

Content - usually content are given in the form of short notes.
Students are also required to elaborate and to provide 2
other points based on the need of the task

Language - Refer to Language Descriptors for Directed Writing.

















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1. Types of Speeches/Talks

Speeches are often made on various occasions. For example:

a. to welcome a person
b. to introduce someone
c. to congratulate someone
d. to bid farewell to someone
e. to give opinion or provide information about a particular topic


2. Writing a speech/talk

a) When approaching the question on giving a speech:

a. read the question carefully.
b. determine the audience and the purpose of the talk.
c. ensure your speech is suitable for the occasion.

b) When you give a speech or talk, you usually have to :

a. greet your audience
b. tell your audience what you are going to speak about
c. give a short introduction to the topic
d. give detailed information on the subject you are talking about
e. conclude by summarising your main points or restate your views
f. thank the audience.


3. Useful Expressions

a) Greeting your audience :

Good morning to the Principal, teachers and fellow students ...
Good morning. Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen ...

b) Starting your talk :

Today, I am going to talk on ... / Today, I would like to talk about ...
Thank you for giving me this opportunity to talk on ...
The title of my speech today is ...
Let me start off by saying ...

c) Introducing a new point :

My next point is ...
The next issue I would like to talk about is ...
I would now like to turn briefly to the problem of


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d) Giving examples :

Let me give you an example
To illustrate the point, let us ....
For example, ...
For instance, ...

e) Giving opinions :

I firmly believe that ...
Theres no doubt that ...
I am certain that ...
I am absolutely convinced that ...

f) Strong disagreements :

I do not agree that ...
I cannot accept the view that ...
I totally disagree with the view that ...
I cannot accept the argument that ...

g) Ending your talk :

Now, I am sure that you will agree with me that ...
Of course, you would now agree with me that ...
From my speech, it is clear that ...
In conclusion, I maintain that ...
Now, I hope you are convinced that ...
I hope I have given you useful information on ...
Finally, let me conclude by saying ....
.........................................................................
...............Thank you.


















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Sample question from 1119/1 (Bahasa Inggeris SPM 2007)

You have been asked by your teacher to give a talk on a reference book that
is useful for secondary students. You have decided to talk about a science
book.

Use the following notes about the book to write your talk.

Details of the book Reasons why the book is useful

Title : Science Made Simple
Author : Sharifah Shazana
Publisher : Bunga Publications
attractive presentation
clear explanation
helpful diagrams
variety of exercises
sample answers
practice question papers
useful tips

When writing the talk, you should remember :

To use an appropriate greeting and closing
To state the purpose of the talk
To use all the notes given
To give two other reasons of your own
That the talk is for school students

MARKING SCHEME

F1 - Salutation
F2 - The purpose of the talk
F3 - Conclusion

C1 - Title of the book
C2 - Author
C3 - Publisher
C4 - Attractive presentation
C5 - Clear explanations
C6 - Helpful diagrams
C7 - variety of exercises
C8 - sample answers
C9 - Practice question papers

C10 - Useful tips
C11 - First reason
C12 - Second reason



F = 3
C = 12
________
15

L = 20
________
35
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SAMPLE ANSWER

Good morning to the teachers and students present here. I am
the President of the Science Club. I would like to warmly welcome
all of you.
The reason that I stand here in front of you is because I would
like to give a talk on a reference book that is useful for all secondary
students. I am sure all of you use many different types of reference
books for your studies. The reference book that I am going to talk
about a science book.
First and foremost, allow me to introduce the titlle of the book. It
is Science Made Simple. The author of this book is Sharifah
Shazana and the publisher is Bunga Publications
There are many reasons as to why the book is useful for
secondary students. The first reason is its attractive presentation.
The cover of the book itself is so attractive that the moment we see
it, our eyes will be glued to the cover. Apart from the cover, the
contents of the book are also presented in a very attractive manner.
The next reason is clear explanations. Students can easily
understand the notes given in the book. Each topic is explained in
details and keywords have been given to enable students to
remember important facts. The explanations are simplified that even
students from weaker classes can understand well.
Of course, there are no science books without diagrams.
Similarly, this reference book has various helpful diagrams. The
diagrams are colourful and clear that students will not et bored and
can get a clear picture of the processes explained. I am sure this is
what most students prefer.
In addition to the above reasons, this reference book is very
essential to all secondary students because there are a variety of
exercises in it. Each topic is accompanied by various exercises.
Students can check their understanding of the topics by attempting
the exercises given. The answers for the exercises are also
provided in a separate booklet for easy reference.
There are also various practice question papers according to
exam format. Students can use these question papers for revision
purposes. These practice questions will also be useful for group
discussions as sample answers are provided as well.
Other than the reasons mentioned above, there are many
special and useful tips for examination preparation in this reference
book. I am sure all of you would be happy in hearing this.
Finally, there are two special reasons that add to the merit of
this reference book. One special reason is that this reference book
consists of short notes which would be very relevant and useful to
students in making preparations for exams. In addition, the book is
also affordable as compared to the other work books.
I think I have given sufficient reasons to all of you regarding
this science reference book. I hope all of you will buy and benefit in
using this reference book. Before I end my talk, I would like to thank
you again for listening to my talk.
F1


F2




C1
C2
C3

C4




C5





C6




C7


C8




C9

C10




C11
C12
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ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY

Question 1

You are the president of the Crime Prevention Club in your school. You have
been asked to give a talk on Safety for Students during your school
assembly. Write your talk based on all the notes below.

Always travel in pairs or in groups
Do not take short cuts
Do not accept anything from strangers
Keep walking if a strange vehicle approaches you
Inform teacher of any suspicious character
Do not play near the street while going home.

When writing you should remember :

- to address the audience
- to introduce the topic of the talk
- to use all the points given.
- to end the talk appropriately

Note : Number of content point given in the question is six so students are
required to give another six new ideas. It could be written as
elaboration of each point, thus, each point has an elaboration.














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Question 2

The principal of your school is retiring after having served the school for 10
years. As the Head Prefect, you have been asked to give a speech at a
special assembly to honour him. Write your speech based on the information
below.
a. Personal Particulars
a. 32 years of service as a teacher
b. Promoted as the principal in1999
c. Good Geography teacher

b. Achievements in career
School top in PMR and SPM state level
Hockey Under - 18 Boys state champions for 3 years
Started a special programme for slow learners.
Won the Award for Excellent Principal

c. Special Qualities
Motto Study Hard, Play Hard
Stressed the importance of good moral values
Close ties with staff and students

When writing the speech. You should remember:

- to address the assembly appropriately
- to state the reason for the special gathering
- to use all the information given
- to add two other reasons why you honour your Principal
- to give a closing
- that your listeners are students and teachers of your school






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C) REPORTS

Guidelines On Writing A Report

1. Students must write a REPORT using the proper format.

2. The report should have a TITLE.

3. The report must have 3 to 5 paragraphs where the points given are
elaborated and supported by examples.

4. Mark allocation:



Format : 3

Content : 12

Language 20
____________________

TOTAL 35
____________________




Format - F1- title, F2- introduction, F3- writer

Content - usually content are given in the form of short notes.
Students are also required to elaborate and to provide 2
other points based on the need of the task

Language - Refer to Language Descriptors for Directed Writing.















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Sample question from 1119/1 (Bahasa Inggeris SPM 2004)

There are a few matters in your school which could be improved. The schools
Prefects Board has had a meeting. The prefects have decided to write a
report for the principal. As the secretary to the board, you have been asked to
write the report.

In your report, include the following:





Do remember to:

- give your report a title
- use all the points given
- provide two relevant details/examples for each of the four points
- write in paragraphs















The unsatisfactory service and high food prices in the school canteen
The urgent need to improve the cleanliness of the school
The request for a pedestrian and zebra crossing in front of the school
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SAMPLE ANSWER


Suggestions for Improving Facilities in SMK Tanjung Selama (F1)

The Prefects Board of SMK Tanjung Selama had a meeting on 17
October 2004 at 2.30 p.m. in the Prefects Room. The meeting was called by
our Head Prefect, Mohd Saiful Nizam Amran, because there have been a lot
of complaints about the condition of the school. Here we would like to present
a detailed report of the meeting to the Principal (F2) of SMK Tanjung Selama
for further action and consideration.
The first issue that was discussed is the unsatisfactory service in the

school canteen. The canteen seems to be short of workers because there are

only two people handling the huge crowd of students during recess. Due to

this, some students are not able to buy their food on time.
The second issue which is also related to the first one is that the food

prices in the school canteen are too high. The price of food seems rather

expensive for school students. For example, a plate of fried rice is RM2.00.
Most of the students only bring around RM1.00 to school, so they are only
able to buy light food like bread or buns.
There is an urgent need to improve the cleanliness of the school. The

first place to start is the school toilets. Usually, after recess, the toilets are in a

deplorable condition. The workers need to wash the toilets as soon as recess
is over. Furthermore, in the canteen, the food is spilt all over the floor, leaving
behind stain and stench.
The next point of discussion is the safety of the students. Since the
traffic is very heavy in front of the school after school is over, there is a need

to have a pedestrian crossing. Even a zebra crossing with a traffic warden

C1
C3
C2
C4
E1
E2
E3 E4
E5
E6
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would be ideal for the time being. This is due to the fact that there have been

minor accidents in the past couple of months.
We hope that the school authorities would take the necessary actions
to improve the condition of the school so that the students would have a safe,
clean and comfortable environment in which they could study well.

Reported by, Closure

Wanie Signature
_______________________
(Shazwani binti Ariff, (F3) Name of the writer
Secretary, Post of the writer
Prefects Board,
SMK Tanjung Selama.



























E7
E8
Total Marks
F 3
C 4
E 8
L 20

35

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Marks awarded :

Format :
F1 the title
F2 the addressee (the school principal)
F3 the name of the writer

Content points :
C1 the unsatisfactory service in the school canteen
C2 the high food prices in the school canteen
C3 the urgent need to improve the cleanliness of the
school
C4 the request for a pedestrian or zebra crossing in
front of the school
Elaboration Points :
E1 Detail/Example of C1
E2 Detail/Example of C1
E3 Detail/Example of C2
E4 Detail/Example of C2
E5 Detail/Example of C3
E6 Detail/Example of C3
E7 Detail/Example of C4
E8 Detail/Example of C4

















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Enrichment activity

The English Language Society of your school recently conducted a study to
find out students opinion on the possible reasons for the decline in the
English Language. A total of 100 students were interviewed. As the
Secretary, you are required to write a report on the findings based on the
notes given.

Possible reasons for the decline in the English Language


not compulsory
- students prefer to spend their time on other subjects

less important
- most believe they will get by with Bahasa Melayu,
which is the national language

lack of emphasis
- teachers concerned in getting their students to pass

not much done to love English
- more English campaigns to be organized

lack of exposure
- most homes do not subscribe to English reading
materials
-
unqualified teachers
- teachers forced to teach when they are not trained for



Do remember to:

- give the title
- use all the points given
- elaborate by providing appropriate examples
- write the name of the person reporting









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D) Formal Letters

1. Types of formal letters
Letters of complaint
Letters of enquiry
Letters of job application with curriculum vitae
Letters to the newspapers
Letters of request or appeal

2. Format of a formal letter

Your
address




Receivers
address




Salutation


Subject








Body













Complimentary
close


Your signature
name
_________________
_________________
_________________


_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________ 12 January 2008

Dear Sir / Madam,

_________________________________________

With reference



2 I
would.....


3 I can
...


4 I hope that




Thank you.

Yours faithfully,


__________________
(NAME IN CAPITAL LETTERS)











Date








Introduction


1
st
point




2
nd
point




3
rd
point
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Sample Letter

a) Letter of application (for a scholarship)















Date






Date



























Room 441, First College,
University of Malaya,


50603 Kuala Lumpur.


The Manager,
The Sun Scholarship Fund,
Lot 31, Jalan Barat,


56202 Petaling Jaya,
Selangor. 5 MAY 2007

Dear Sir / Madam,



Application for The Sun Scholarship Fund



I refer to your advertisement with regards to The Sun Scholarship Fund
which appeared in yesterdays issue of The Sun. I would like to submit my
application for the aforementioned scholarship.

2 I am pleased to inform you that I scored 9As in my SPM
examination and 2As and 3Bs in my STPM examination respectively. I am
presently in my second year in University of Malaya pursuing a degree in
Mass Communications.

3 I hope to be a journalist upon graduation and would consider it an
honour to work for your newspaper establishment. I was working as a cub-
reporter with The Sun for three months before I joined the university.

4 I am enclosing a copy of my curriculum vitae, a passport-sized
photograph, photocopies of my SPM, STPM certificated, my first year
university results and the names of two referees as requested.

I look forward to a favourable reply from you.


Yours faithfully,

David


_______________________________
(DAVID CHAN HOWE NAM)


Your address
Receivers address
Date
Salutation
Subject
Complimentary close
Signature
Your name
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b) Letter of Complaint

We write letters of complaint when we are not satisfied with something.
Do not be rude. A courteously-worded complaint is more likely to
receive attention.

In writing a letter of complaint, you should:



Examples:
(a) I am writing to complain about the Rexy refrigerator I bought
from you.
(b) I am afraid I have to express my dissatisfaction over the
mobile phone.



Examples:
(a) The rubber lining on the doors come off every time I open the
door. Besides, the refrigerator is unusually noisy.
(b) I have not been able to make long distance calls with the
telephone. There is also an irritating continuous beeping
sound.



Examples:
(a) Of course this has caused my wife considerable
inconvenience. As the rubber lining is not intact, the food
does not keep well.
(b) As a businessman, I need to make regular calls to my
associates. With the telephone malfunctioning, I have not
been able to make some very important calls.



Examples:
(a) I would be grateful if you could send a technician to rectify
the problem.
(b) I am returning the phone together with this letter. Please
send me a replacement immediately.




Examples:
(a) I hope you would look into my request immediately.
(b) I am convinced that you would act immediately on your
customers complaints.
Give details of the complaints
If possible, point out the inconvenience caused
State what action you want them to take
Express the hope that your complaint would be
looked into immediately
State the purpose to the letter
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Sample Letter

Question

You love eating at hawker centres. The place that you frequent, the Old Town
Food Centre is however, very dirty. Write to the Enforcement Officer of Majlis
Perbandaran Kuantan to complain about the condition of the centre. Give
details of the complaint and suggest what action should be taken.

Use the following notes to write your letter:
floor is filthy
plates left lying around
infested with flies
clogged drains
stench from the drains
tables dirty and oily
lead to health problems
issue warnings
clean drains
wash floor regularly
health officers conduct regular checks on cleanliness

When writing your letter, remember to:
use the format of a formal letter
include all the points
give two suggestions of your own




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SAMPLE ANSWER

66, Jalan Mat Kilau,
Taman Semegah Jaya,
25300 Kuantan,
Pahang.
The Enforcement Officer
Majlis Perbandaran Kuantan,
Jalan Tanah Putih,
25300 Kuantan
Pahang 16 Jun 2007

Dear Sir,

Dirty Food Stalls at the Old Town Food Centre

I wish to draw your attention to the condition of the Old Town
Food Centre.

2. Though the centre is popular with the residents of this town
and the food relatively cheap, the cleanliness of the place leaves
much to be desired. Firstly, the floor is filthy. It appears as if the
hawkers rarely take the trouble to get it washed often. To make
matters worse, plates are left lying around on the dirty floor.

3. Secondly, the place is infested with flies. This, I think is due
partly to the clogged drains around the centre. Sometimes, the
stench from the drains is terrible and that certainly spoils the
evening out. When it rains, the situation becomes worse. In
addition, the tables are very dirty and oily which spoils our
appetite.

4. I am sure that you would agree with me that such unhygienic
conditions would lead to health problem. Kuantan has long
enjoyed the reputation of being the cleanest town in our state and
we should try to maintain the image. The present state of affairs
at the Old Town Food Centre is certainly not going to contribute
to that image!

5. My suggestions are that warnings should be issued to
those who fail to keep their stalls clean. Your workers too, can
help by making sure that the drains are cleaned and do not get
clogged. The management should ensure that floors and tables
are cleaned every day before closing.

6. Health officers should make regular visits to the centre to
ensure its state of cleanliness. Besides that, summons
should be issued to hawker stalls that do not kept their stall
clean. With cooperation of both parties, there is no doubt that the
situation can be improved.

F1









F2







C1

C2

C3
C4
C5

C6



C7





C8

C9
C10
( 1
st

suggestion )

C11

C12
(2
nd
suggestion)
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I trust that you will view this matter seriously and take whatever
action that may be necessary to make the food centre a more
pleasant place for our residents.

Thank you.


Yours faithfully,

Teoh Eng Huat

(TEOH ENG HUAT)











F3

Practice 1 : Parallel Writing (Refer to the sample letter)

You are a student at a secondary school. You are dissatisfied with the
services at your canteen. Write a letter of complaint to the principal of your
school. Give details of the complaints and suggest what action to be taken.

Use the following notes to write your letter:
dirty floor
clogged drains
sells junk food
food and drinks are not covered
dead flies and mosquitoes in food and drinks
canteen workers never cover hair
sink dilled with rubbish
insufficient table and chairs
conduct surprise checks
wear caps and aprons
cover food and drinks
add more benches and tables

When writing your letter, remember to:
use the format of a formal letter
include all the points
that the letter is addressed to the principal
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Practice 2

As a resident of a housing estate, you are dissatisfied with the night market in
your area. Write a letter of complaint to the municipal council in your area,
highlighting the problems created by the night market and suggest what action
to be taken.

Use the following notes when writing the letter:

lack of parking space
traffic congestion
stalls obstructs traffic
noisy
stalls not properly arranged
road littered with rubbish
attracts stray dos and cats
threatens the safety of the residents
relocate stalls
arrange stalls
clean up rubbish
fine hawkers for littering


When writing your letter, remember to:
use the format of a formal letter
include all the points
that the letter is addressed to Town Council










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E) INFORMAL LETTER

Guidelines On Writing An Informal Letter

1. Students must write an Informal Letter using the proper format.

2. The informal letter should have a TITLE.

3. The letter must have 3 to 5 paragraphs where the points given are
elaborated and supported by examples.

4. Mark allocation:



Format : 3

Content : 12

Language 20
____________________

TOTAL 35
____________________




Format - F1- address, F2- salutation, F3- closure (eg.Yours sincerely)

Content - usually content are given in the form of short notes.
Students are also required to elaborate and to provide 2
other points based on the need of the task

Language - Refer to Language Descriptors for Directed Writing.















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1. Refers to social and friendly letter that we write to our friends and family
members.
2. The tone of the language used is casual and conversational.
3. Format of the letter ;
(a) address of the sender
(b) date
(c) opening / salutation
(d) contents of the letter
(e) ending
(f) signature

Example :


(a) 11A, Block F,
Hill Resort Park,
27000 Jerantut
Pahang.

(b) 26 February 2009

Dear Julian, (c)

It was a wonderful surprise to get your letter the other day..
..

(d) The camp was very .
..

(e) Its getting late. I have to stop now. See you in the next letter.


(f) Your friend,


..









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4. Examples of salutation and ending

Types of letters Salutations Ending
Letters to close relatives
Dear mom,
Dear Uncle Lim,
Dearest sister
Yours lovingly
Yours affectionately
With lots of love
Letters to friends and
acquaintances
Dear Mr. Ali
Dear Muthu
Yours sincerely
Your friend


MARKING SCHEME

1. The content marks include format, points given in the stimulus and
elaborations.

2. Marks are awarded for :

Format - 3m ( salutation)
( closing )
( signature )
Points - 6m
Elaboration - 6m
----------------
Total Marks 15m
----------------






















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SAMPLE QUESTION 1

Question

Your pen pal has written to you inquiring about local festivals. You decide to
write about the Moon Cake Festival celebrated at your hometown.

Moon Cake Festival
celebrated by Chinese
ninth month of lunar calendar
lanterns of various shapes, colours and sizes
moon cakes with different types of filling
legend good queen protected nation
against the evil king
lovely festival joined by all races

Based on the notes given, write a letter to your penpal

Remember :-
To write as an informal letter
To use all notes given
To add relevant information
Write in paragraphs.
















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SAMPLE ANSWER 1

ANSWER COMMENTS
33, Jalan Raya,
Taman Ria,
27400 Dong
Raub, Pahang.

3 March 2008

Dear Harry,
It was really nice to get your letter. I enjoyed
reading about the 4
th
of July celebration. In Malaysia, we
have many festivals and one of them is the Moon Cake
Festival. It is celebrated by the Chinese during the ninth
month of the lunar calendar.
It is a time when children play with colourful
lanterns of various shapes and sizes. The traditional lanterns
are lighted up by small candles. It is quite tricky to light
these lanterns as we might burn the fragile lanterns.
Nowadays, there are many battery-operated plastic
lanterns on sale. Nevertheless, I still prefer the old-
fashioned lanterns.
Besides playing with lanterns, we also eat moon
cakes which are made of lotus bean paste coated with a
thin layer of pastry. There are so many different types of
fillings to choose from. The moon cakes are tasty but rather
costly.
Some people say that the festival symbolizes the
sacrifice of a good queen who protected the nation against
the evil king. Whatever the legend, it is a lovely festival to
watch, especially all the colourful lanterns. It is a festival that
is joined by all races, bringing unity and harmony among
us.
Well, I have to end here as it is time for dinner.
Till next time, bye.

Your penpal,
Tan
(senders
address)



(date)

F1 (salutation)



C1
C2
C3

E
E
E



E

C4
E

C5


C6
E
F2( closing )


F3(signature)


* underlined phrases - content points
* highlighted phrases - elaboration of content points







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SAMPLE QUESTION 2

Your cousin has been offered a place to study in a fully residential school.
Write a letter encouraging him/her to accept the offer.

o helps to develop a sense of co-operation
o to be tolerant
o more time to devote to study
o learn to be self-reliant
o can immediately consult the teachers or friends about study
o well-equipped with facilities


Reminders:

o To write as an informal letter
o To use all the notes given
o To elaborate the notes given
o Write in paragraphs























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SAMPLE ANSWER 2


11A, Level 1, Block F,
Jasmine Hostel,
Sultan Mansor Science School
Jalan Palembang
75200 Air Keroh,
Melaka.
1 August 2009
Dear Ashraf,

How are you and your family over there in Kuantan? I do
hope that all of you are in the pink of health. Congratulations to you on
getting such good results in the recent PMR examination. I am confident
that you will do equally well in the SPM. I heard that the good news that
you have been offered a place to study in the Science Secondary
School, Kajang. Congratulations again! You should consider yourself
fortunate and lucky to have got this offer as it is not easy to get a place
in this particular school. But, what is this I hear that you are not keen to
take up this offer? Maybe you are not aware of the advantages of
studying in a boarding school. I would like to share about my experience
being in a residential school.
One of the greatest advantages of studying in a boarding
school is that it helps to develop a sense of co-operation among the
students. As members of one big family, students help one another in
every aspect.
Moreover, we live together as a unit. Students will learn to
be tolerant and to better understand each other. Our friends have
different characters and behaviour. It helps a person to be tolerant of
others.
In a hostel, students will have more time to devote to their
studies. A boarding school is the most suitable place for determined and
ambitious students. There is a regular schedule of study and play, and
every minute of the day is well planned and spent.



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Furthermore, in a residential school, a student will also learn
to be self-reliant. He will have to do his own laundry, ironing and other
chores that are normally done by his parents at home. Learning to be
independent is a great asset for the future, as this school is a good
training ground.
Many times when doing our work, we come across certain
things that we do not understand. In a boarding school, we can
immediately consult our friends or teachers for help without loosing
much time.
Finally, many residential schools are well -equipped in
academic and extra curricular activities. We learn better and play better
too.
I do hope you are convinced now, Ashraf. Please make the
right decision and accept the offer. If you have anymore doubts about
studying in a boarding school, do not hesitate to ask me.
Bye for now, and do convey my best wishes to your mum
and dad.
Yours sincerely,





















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REMINDERS


Format
Points
Content
Points
Elaboration
Points
Language
Points
FORMAL
LETTER
1. Address of
the sender
2. Address of
the recipient
3. Date
4. Salutation
5. Heading/title
6. Closure
7. Signature
8. Name and
post of the
sender
Include all
the given
content
points
Give details/
examples
(only if
needed/
mentioned)
20 marks
according to
specified
bands/criteria
INFORMAL
LETTER
1. Address of
the sender
2. Date
3. Salutation
4. Closure
5. Signature
6. Name of the
sender
Include all
the given
content
points
Give details/
examples
(only if
needed/
mentioned)
20 marks
according to
specified
bands/criteria
REPORT
1. Title
2. Addressee
3. Signature
4. Name of the
writer
5. Post of the
writer
Include all
the given
content
points
Give details/
examples
(only if
needed/
mentioned)
20 marks
according to
specified
bands/criteria
ARTICLE

1. Title
2. Name of the
writer
Include all
the given
content
points
Give details/
examples
(only if
needed/
mentioned)
20 marks
according to
specified
bands/criteria
TALK/
SPEECH
1. Greeting
2. Introduction/
opening
speech
3. Ending
Include all
the given
content
points
Give details/
examples
(only if
needed/
mentioned)
20 marks
according to
specified
bands/criteria

The maximum mark for Format is 3



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CRITERIA FOR MARKING LANGUAGE

MARK
RANGE
DESCRIPTION OF CRITERIA

A
19-20

The language is entirely accurate apart from occasional first
draft slips.
Sentence structure is varied and sophisticated shows that
the candidate is able to use sentence length and type to
achieve an intended effect.
Vocabulary is wide and is used with precision.
Punctuation is accurate and helpful to the reader.
Spelling is accurate across the full range of vocabulary used.
Paragraphs are well-planned, have unity and are appropriately
linked.
The topic is addressed with consistent relevance.
The interest of the reader is aroused and sustained throughout
the writing.
The style and tone are appropriate formal and polite. The
reader is convinced that this could be a real article published in
a school magazine.

B
16-18

The language is accurate but there may be more minor or first
draft slips.
Sentences show some variation in length and type, including
the use of complex sentences.
Vocabulary is wide enough to convey intended shades of
meaning with some precision.
Punctuation is almost always accurate and generally helpful to
the reader.
Spelling is nearly always accurate.
Written in paragraphs which show some unity and are usually
linked appropriately.
The piece of writing is relevant to the topic and the interest of
the reader is aroused and sustained throughout the writing.
The style and tone are formal and appropriate for an article.
The reader is satisfied that a genuine attempt has been made
to write an article for a school magazine.
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C
13-15

The language is largely accurate.
Simple structures are used without errors; mistakes may occur
when more sophisticated structures are attempted.
Vocabulary is adequate to convey intended meaning although it
may not be sufficiently developed to achieve precision.
Sentences show some variety of length and structure although
there is a tendency to use one type of structure, giving it a
monotonous effect.
Punctuation is generally accurate although errors may occur in
more complex uses.
Spelling is generally accurate for common vocabulary.
Written in paragraphs which show some unity, although links
may be absent or inappropriate at times.
The style and tone shows some attempts have been made to
achieve formality in an article but this may not be sustained.
Informal language is used from time to time.

D
10-12

The language is sufficiently accurate for meaning to come
through.
There will be patches of clarity particularly when simple
vocabulary and structures are used.
Mistakes will occur when more complex sentences are
attempted.
There may be some variety of sentence length and type but this
may not be successful in enhancing meaning or arousing
interest.
Vocabulary is adequate but lacks precision.
Punctuation is generally correct but does not enhance or clarify
meaning.
Simple words are spelt correctly, but errors may occur when
unfamiliar words are used.
Written in paragraphs but show lack of planning and unity.
The topic is addressed with some relevance but the reader may
find composition at this level lacking in liveliness and interest
value.
The style may not be appropriate as an article. Lapses into an
informal language may occur consistently.
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E
7-9

Meaning is never in doubt, but single word errors are sufficiently
frequent and serious to hamper precision and speed of reading.
Some simple structures will be accurate but accuracy is not
sustained.
Vocabulary is limited and either too simple to convey precise
meaning or are imperfectly understood.
Simple words may be spelt correctly but frequent mistakes in
spelling and punctuation make reading the script difficult.
Paragraphs lack unity. Links are incorrectly used. There may be
errors of sentence separation and punctuation.
The style may fail to achieve the formality required of an article.
If it does, it may not show understanding of the detailed
requirements of the task. The tone may not be appropriate for
an article published in a school magazine.

Ui
4-6

Meaning is fairly clear but the incidence of error is high and
definitely impedes the reading.
There will be many serious errors of various kinds throughout
the script but they are mainly of the single word type, i.e. they
could be corrected without rewriting the whole sentence.
A script at this level will have very few accurate sentences.
There may be frequent spelling errors.
Punctuation will sometimes be used correctly but sentence
separation errors may occur.
Paragraphs may not be used, or if used, show a lack of
planning.
The tone and style is inappropriate for an article published in a
school magazine.

Uii
2-3

Sense will be decipherable, but some of the errors will be
multiple, requiring the reader to reread and reorganize before
meaning becomes clear.
At this level, there may be only a few accurate but simple
sentences.
This type of script may also be far short of the required number
of words
Whole sections may make little or no sense. There are unlikely
to be more than one or two accurate sentences. The content is
comprehensible, but its tone is hidden by the density of errors.

Uiii
0-1

Scripts in this category are mostly entirely impossible to
recognise as pieces of English.
Whole sections may make no sense at all or are copied from
the task.
Award 1 mark if some sense can be obtained.
The mark 0 should only be awarded if the article makes no
sense at all from beginning to end.



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PAPER 1

SECTION B






CONTINUOUS
WRITING


















One picture is worth more than a thousand words

- Chinese proverb -
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ANALYSIS OF PAST YEARS QUESTIONS
SPM 1119/2, 2005
(a) Describe the biggest challenge in your life
(b) Write a story with the title : An Unexpected Visitor
(c) How to keep oneself healthy
(d) If you were given a chance to be anybody, who would you want to be
and why?
(e) Music

SPM 1119/2, 2006
(a) Describe an enjoyable weekend you have experienced.
(b) Write a story ending with: If only I had been more careful, that
wouldnt have happened.
(c) What changes would you like to see in your life in the next ten years?
(d) How can television help students in their studies?
(e) Food

SPM 1119/2, 2007
a) Describe an embarrassing experience in your life.
b) Teenagers today are only interested in entertainment.
Do you agree? Support your opinion
c) My early years
d) Write a story beginning with:
Kim was nervous when the door opened
e) Tomorrow
SPM 1119/2, 2008
a) Write about a person who has worked hard to succeed in life.
b) Examinations good or bad
c) My perfect future husband or wife.
d) Write a story ending with :
.....Now I realise the value of a true friend.
e) Stars

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GENERAL GUIDELINES

C. Two main pointers in writing :-

i) Use the right words
A wide vocabulary enables you to write better compositions
To acquire a wide vocabulary, you need to read a lot of books,
magazines, newspapers and other reading materials.
Add a list of Idiomatic Expressions, Figurative Language, Colour
Idioms, Similes, Proverbs, Double Words, Synonyms, Sounds
and Homophones.
Compile further list of compound words, prefixes and suffixes.
When you come across any of the above-mentioned words or
expressions, jot them down.
Learn to look up for meanings of these words and expressions
in a dictionary.

ii) Write better sentences
Use simple sentences, sentences with joining words, longer
sentences, sentences with different beginnings and sentences
of different lengths for variety in sentence structures.
Add adjectives to nouns, adverbs to nouns, phrases and
clauses; and use figurative language, idiomatic expressions,
proverbs, similes, colour idioms, pairs of words and direct
speech for vivid and interesting sentences

D. Variety in sentence structures

i) Simple sentences
Examples :
Youngsters prefer to watch movies.
Exercise is beneficial for health.

ii) Sentences with joining words
Examples :
Many activities had to be cancelled because there was heavy
rain.
I could not understand the tourists as they were babbling away
in French.
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iii) Longer sentences
Examples :
On my way home from school, I saw thick black smoke coming
from a burning house, and people rushing out with all their
belongings.
It is impossible to make ends meets if we have the habit of
spending too much money buying unnecessary luxury goods.

iv) Sentences with different beginnings
Examples :
Beginning with gerunds
- Jogging is popular with both boys and girls.
- Cooking is his mothers favourite pastime.
Beginning with particles
- Beaming with pleasure, Mr Da Silva thanked us for the
present.
- Standing on tiptoe, he tried to see what was actually inside
the secret room.
Beginning with a phrase with preposition
- At this moment, not a single sound could be heard.
- After trying hard, she managed to do the job well.
Beginning with other words
- Earlier, one of the students had to reject the offer.
- Despite being the only child in her family, she manages to be
independent.

v) Sentences of different lengths adding other words, phrases and
clauses
Examples :
I turned and fled.
I was so frightened that I turned and fled.
We went on a tour of Melaka.
We, together with some teachers, went on a three-day tour of
Melaka.



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E. Vivid and interesting sentences

i) Add adjectives to nouns
Examples :
monotonous effect
incredible strength

ii) Add adverbs to verbs
Examples :
drive recklessly
speak boastfully

iii) Add phrases to nouns and verbs
Examples :
The apartment with expensive furniture belongs to the young
millionaire.
The spectators cheered in an excited manner when Shahzan
Muda scored another goal.

iv) Add clauses to sentences
Examples :
Mount Kinabalu which is in the state of Sabah is a popular
tourist destination.
My neighbour who composes and writes lyrics has won the
first prize in the Asian song-writing competition.





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F. Use of pairs of words, figurative language, idiomatic expressions,
proverbs, similes and colour idioms

i) Pairs of words
Examples :
safe and sound
black and white

ii) Figurative language
Examples :
howling sound
piercing scream

iii) Idiomatic expressions
Examples :
keep a straight face
go up in smoke

iv) Proverbs
Examples :
when in Rome, do as the Romans do
half a loaf is better than none

v) Similes
Examples :
as quick as lightning
as fit as a fiddle

vi) Colour idioms
Examples :
once in a blue moon
red-letter day



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G. Use of direct speech
- to be used in appropriate situations for more effective writing

Example :
A new teacher has just been transferred to the school. One of the
students asked her classmate, Jessica, what does the new teacher look
like? Jessica replied, You mean Miss Guok? Oh, shes pretty. Looks
like a Japanese doll.

Tips on Writing a Good Essay Important Questions to Ask
- What is a well-written essay?
- What do examiners look for in an essay?

1. Fulfillment of task
Have you fully answered the question?
Have you used all the points given?
Have you given enough relevant points?
Do your points reflect mature or intelligent thinking on your part?

2. Cohesion
Are all the paragraphs and ideas appropriately linked?
Does each paragraph have a main idea and a topic sentence?
Have you provided enough elaboration and examples?
Have you used transition markers and connectors? Are they correctly
used?
Have you organised your ideas well?
Are your introduction and conclusion interesting?

3. Accurate grammar
Do you have a variety of sentence structures?
Are your tenses and other grammatical rules correct?

4. Accurate spelling
Are all the words you have used correctly spelled?


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5. Wide and appropriate vocabulary
Are the words used in the essay suitable? Are they precise?
Do you use a wide range of simple to difficult words?
Are you able to use appropriate idiomatic expressions, figures of
speech, proverbs, similes and other linguistic expressions?

6. The topic
Is the topic addressed with consistent relevance?

7. The interest of the reader
Is the interest of the reader aroused?
Is the interest of the reader sustained throughout the writing?























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A) NARRATIVE WRITING


1. What is a narrative?

A narrative tells a story or describes a sequence of events. It may be
about something unusual, for example, a strange encounter or event, a
sudden catastrophe, a crisis, a conflict, a victory, an exciting adventure
or discovery. However, it may also be about ordinary experiences, the
things that happen everyday.




2. Tips on writing a narrative

a. Mind maps and graphic organizers help create an interesting essay.

b. The essay should be written based on the five senses.

Sense of sight colourful lights, wide variety of food, lush
greeneries, dark stormy, tall, dark and handsome
man.

Sense of smell - smell of coffee brewing, aroma of crisp fried
chicken, pungent smell of rotten eggs.

Sense of touch soft silky material, rough surface, warm pot, hot
Iron, slimy dirty plates.

Sense of taste - bitter coffee, sweet and savoury puff, hot and
spicy chicken, sour grapes.

Sense of hearing - blaring of horns, the sound of footsteps, doors
creaking, brakes screeching.








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3. Features of a narrative

When you write a narrative it is important for you to pay attention to the
following:

a. Tense
b. Cohesiveness
d. Plot
e. Characterization


(a) Tense

A narrative usually describes events or happenings in the past.
Thus, the Past Tense forms are usually used in narrative writing.
Other tenses are also used, but not as frequently.

Note the Past Tense forms of the verbs used in the following
narrative.
















Practice:














A Rescue Drama

A week ago, a ten-storey building in the town centre
caught fire because a careless man had thrown a smoldering
cigarette butt into a waste-paper basket. The whole building was
in flames. In the street below a large crowd looked up anxiously
at a frantic man who was leaning out of a window on the fifth
floor. For him jumping meant certain death.

The flames were getting higher and higher. Just
then, the fire-brigade arrived with a ladder long enough to reach
the man. A fireman helped him climb down the ladder. Just as
they reached the ground, there was a loud crash. The crowd
watched in horror as the building collapsed in flames.
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(b) Cohesiveness

The flow of the story is important as it sets the mood of the
storyline. Events should be arranged logically and systematically.
This can be done by using connectors and suitable linkers.

Connectors / Conjuctions Functions
Nevertheless, However,
On the other hand
To show contrast of ideas
To join two ideas which are different
As well as, Besides , Bothand
Not onlybut also
To combine two ideas that are
similar or related
In addition, Furthermore,
Moreover
To introduce new ideas or add extra
information
In Conclusion, In short, To
summarize,
To conclude the story or the ideas
presented


Example:





























A JOURNEY BY AIR

My first journey by air was almost my last. I arrived at the airport an
hour before we boarded the plane at eleven. Not long after this our
flight started. Just as the stewardesses started to serve lunch, the
plane began to shake.

Frighteningly. at first, we thought it was just bad weather. We were
told to stay in our seats and to fasten our seat belts. Then, the plane
began to dip. We were speeding towards the ground. Just when we
thought that we had only minutes to live, the plane leveled out.
Next, it started to gain height. Twenty minutes later, much to our
relief, we landed safely
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(c) Plot

The plot is the storys framework. It is the storyline of, for example,
how a character changes or how a mystery is solved or how an enemy
is defeated. To be interesting, a story must have a good plot.

Example :

A plot for a story entitled Tricked may be

- A character got a telephone call telling him that his father was in
hospital
- He rushed there and found his father was not in the hospital
- He went home and discovered that his house had been broken
into.


(d) Characterization

The events in the story usually happens to the main character, how
he solves a problem or overcomes challenges thrown towards him.
Thus, characterization should include the description, the
characteristics as well as a clear the incidents that show his most
outstanding personality


Example :























Ishak was a very wealthy man. A humble person, he led a simple
life and was always plainly but neatly dressed. One day, he walked
into a very expensive and exclusive jewellery shop. He wanted to
buy a present for his wife. However, he was so poorly dressed that
as assistant refused to serve him. Ishak left the shop, went to the
bank and returned to the shop carrying a large bag. He dumped
the heavy bag on the counter. The assistant ordered him to leave.
Ignoring him, Ishak asked to see the manager. The manager
recognized who the customer was, apologized profusely to him
and reprimanded the assistant. After Ishak had selected a
necklace, he presented the assistant with the bag. It contained RM
1000 in ten sen coins. Ishak insisted that the assistant count the
coins 10,000 coins in all.
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SAMPLE QUESTION 1

Write a story beginning with this sentence

I can never forget the day....

SAMPLE ESSAY 1


I can never forget the day I graduated from university. This was the day
my family and I waited for, and it took five years to achieve. It was the day I
could formally and officially be called an accountant. I can still recall every
moment of that memorable experience.
Weeks before graduation day, my friends and I were busy shopping for
clothes, shoes and accessories for the big event. Together with my family, we
planned a quiet celebration lunch after the morning ceremony.
Meanwhile, congratulatory cards and messages came pouring in. For
sentimental reasons, I put them all in an album entitled My Graduation. Even
today, I often flip through the pages and nostalgia sweeps over me.
Finally the day arrived. It was 24 June 2008 and my parents, friends
and I were dressed to kill. I felt extra special in my gown and mortar-board
because of all the attention I was getting. Cameras clicked away. I posed for
countless photographs with my parents and friends.
Soon, it was time for us to take our seats in the Great Hall. I still
remember looking out to see if I could spot my parents in the vast sea of faces
in the hall. This, of course, was impossible.
Then the long awaited moment arrived. I walked up to the stage in a
daze to receive my scroll. There were butterflies in my stomach and I could
feel my heart pounding. In spite of my nervousness, I walked boldly and
confidently. The short path to the stage seemed to be never ending. It was
like a slow motion. Finally, I stretched out both my arms for my scroll. It was a
great moment for me and for my parents. After all the days spent in
preparation for this event, everything was over in a few seconds.
After the ceremony, we headed for the photo studio to have some
photographs taken by professionals. Then, my parents treated me to a
wonderful lunch in a cosy restaurant.
Later in the evening, I joined my friends for a graduation party at a
friends house. We had a great time enjoying the delicious barbecued meat
and reminiscing funny and serious moments. We took more photographs.
There would probably never be another occasion like this. It was the end to
carefree days and the beginning of another chapter in our lives. I do not think I
can ever forget any part of it.



\

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SAMPLE QUESTION 2

Write a story ending with this sentence

..I was glad the day had come to an end.

SAMPLE ANSWER 2

The landslide occurred at 6 a.m. just as we were getting ready for
school. We heard a loud rumbling sound coming from the direction of the hill
slopes. Although we rushed to the balcony of our apartment on the tenth floor,
we could not see anything. The whole area was enveloped in bleak darkness.
I knew that the heavy rain during the past week must have taken its toll on the
hill slopes. I pushed the thought to the back of my mind and went about
having my breakfast
By the time we got ready for school, Dad called out to us. We rushed to
the balcony where Dad was standing. The sun was already up and in the
dazzling brightness we could see boulders, the size of bulldozers resting at
the foot of the slopes. A neighbor informed us that a major landslide had
occurred. We rushed to the basement. We saw that rescue workers were
already there and were removing buried vehicles from the rubble. The
landslide had also cut off the only access road to town.
Since the only access road could not be used, office workers and
school children were left stranded. We were not allowed to go anywhere near
the area where the rescue work was in progress. We could not do anything
but stand and watch helplessly. There was also a power failure which meant
that we could not watch television.
During the initial stages, we were told that the residents from the two
apartments blocks may be evacuated. This caused residents a great deal of
anxiety. Later, when the police, firemen and various authorities met, they
decided against the evacuation. Everyone was relieved.
We spent the whole day just watching the rescue workers at work We
prayed silently that the whole episode would soon be over. We were told to go
back to our apartment and remain there until further notice. Later that night,
we were told that the access road had been cleared and that there were no
casualties or massive damage to property. We all heaved sighs of relief when
we heard this. Mum led us into saying a thanks giving prayer. We had a lot to
be thankful for. As I got ready to go to bed that night I recollected the events
that occurred that day. I was glad the day had come to an end.









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ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY

1. Write a story that ends with.

I will never forgive myself for what had happened.



2. Write a story ending with..

I was grateful that I had such good neighbours.



3. Write a story beginning with.

I never thought I would see her again..



4. Write a story beginning with

The letter I had been waiting for finally arrived


5. A farewell party


6. A memorable camping trip





















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DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY

(Describing an event)

General guidelines :-

1. The purpose of writing is to describe the details of a specific event.
2. Since you have no notes to fall back on (not like in Directed Writing), you
need to come up with your own details.
3. You can use your senses to help you give the details :
What do you see?
What do you hear?
What do you taste?
What do you feel?
What do you think?
4. When describing an event, you can think of :
the purpose of the event
the date, time and venue
the people/audience/participants/guests involved
the sequence of events the highs and the lows, incidents, etc.
everything you see, hear, taste, feel or think
other peoples views
a good introduction and a good conclusion






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Model Question and Answer

Question : Describe a visit to a hospital

If a visit to a mountain on the bank of the river is regarded as a visit to
Heaven, then a visit to a hospital is one to Hell. When I was a child, my
mother showed me a chart in which the sinners were being punished in
different ways in Hell. When I visited the Sejahtera Hospital to visit one of my
relatives who was in the emergency ward recently, it seemed that I was also
admitted to the Hell.
The emergency ward was more or less like a casualty ward. People
cried out of pain. Most of the patients were first admitted to this ward. The
number of patients was generally more than the facilities available. My relative
was to be operated for appendicitis the next morning. The doctors and the
nurses were trying their best to give him comfort at that time. At last, they
administered certain drugs to let him sleep.
While waiting for him to wake up, I decided to visit the other wards
there. At every corner, I would meet a doctor with his stethoscope dangling
from side to side. The first ward I visited was orthopaedic ward. It was a
pitiable scene. Almost all the patients were in plaster or plaster chassis. The
part covered with plaster could not move. Many were not allowed to move at
all. Some had their feet stuck to and chained with hangers fixed to their beds.
I withdrew from the ward with a heavy heart.
The surgical ward was equally horrible. The patients were lying in
bandages. A case of open heart surgery had also been done that day, but the
patient was in the Intensive Care Unit. There seemed to be a serious case in
a corner. Half a dozen nurses rushed to the patient. The resident doctor had
to be called. However, none could help the patient. He breathed his last. It
was rather too much for me. I did not have the courage to see the pediatrics
ward as to me, death hovered like an evil bird.
Finally it was time to go home for we had to come again the next
morning. In all this gloomy atmosphere, there was something I liked the most
the dangling stethoscope. I just wished that I too could be one of these
noble souls who devoted their life to the ill and the poor. After all, this was the
only Heaven I could experience from my visit to the hospital.




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Past year questions :-
1. Describe a day at school when you were very happy. (1998)
2. The day I lost my temper. (1999)
3. Describe how you spent a free day when the weather was very bad.
(2001)
4. A day you wished had never happened. (2003)
5. Describe a festival celebrated in your area. (2004)
6. Describe the biggest challenge in your life. (2005)
7. Describe an enjoyable weekend you have experienced. (2006)
8. Describe an embarrassing experience in your life. (2007)

Enrichment questions :-
1. Describe a typical day at school.
2. Describe a visit to an orphanage.
3. Describe a wedding ceremony you have attended.
4. Describe how you spent a weekend in the countryside with your family.
5. Describe a scene on the first day of school.












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TOPIC VOCABULARY

1. Suggested topic vocabulary for describing people

Stature Face Eyes Hair
Fat
Thin
Tall
Short
Slim
Lanky
Stocky
Burly
Chubby
Muscular
Petite
Well-built
Frail-looking
Fair-complexioned
Dark-complexioned
Freckled
Pimpled
Oval-shaped
Rosy cheeks
Bloodshot
Dark
Brown-eyed
Dreamy
Sleepy
Sparkling
Watery
Black
Thick
Curly
Lustrous
Shining
Shoulder-length
Healthy-looking

Other useful words
Accomplished
Adorable
Aggressive
Arrogant
Beautiful
Brilliant
Bold
Capable
Conscientious
Courageous
Cruel
Cunning
Daring
Diligent
Distinguished
Easygoing
Efficient
Extravagant
Famous
Fashionable
Gentle
Generous
Glamorous
Good-humoured
Gorgeous
Handsome
Hardworking
Honest
Hot-tempered
Humble
Impolite
Intelligent
Irritating
Jovial
Lazy
Meticulous
Mild-mannered
Mischievous
Narrow-minded
Outgoing
Popular
Proud
Quiet
Responsible
Rude
Selfish
Sensitive
Shrewd
Sincere
Snobbish
Sociable
Soft-spoken
Sophisticated
Spiteful
Stubborn
Studious
Sympathetic
Tactless
Talented
Temperamental
Timid
Well-disciplined
Well-known
Witty

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2. Suggested topic vocabulary for describing places

Places
Bare
Breathtaking
Bustling
Chaotic
Cockroach-ridden
Comfortable
Cosy
Crammed
Crowded
Dark
Dingy
Deserted
Dusty
Exotic
Filthy
Flood-prone
Haunted
Hilly
Historic
Isolated
Lonely
Low-flying
Messy
Mountainous
Muddy
Narrow
Noisy
Palm-fringed
Panoramic
Peaceful
Picturesque
Pollution-free
Quaint
Remote
Renowned
Rocky
Sandy
Scenic
Serene
Shabby
Shady
Spacious
Spectacular
Tidy
Tranquil
Unique
Well-kept
Windy

3. Suggested topic vocabulary for disasters

A Storm A Fire A Flood An Accident
Bad weather
Damage to
property
Heavy downpour
Howling wind
Impassable roads
Lightning flashed
Power breakdown
Roofs ripped off
Rumbling thunder
Swirling
Thumping
Thunderstorm
Traffic congestion
Uprooted trees
Burnt
Chaotic
Choking
Crackling sounds
Estimated loss
Fire brigade
Fire-engine
Fire-fighters
Flames
Pandemonium
Panic-stricken
Siren
Suffocating
Terrifying
Boats
Dangerous levels
Drown
Evacuation centres
Gushing waters
Rainy season
Relief centres
Relief workers
Rising rapidly
Stalled cars
Strong currents
Swift-flowing
Wading
Weather report
Ambulance
Badly injured
Bang
Collide
Dent
First aid
Fractured
Injuries
Knocked down
Screeching brakes
Seriously wounded
Shattered glasses
Skidded
Unhurt



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4. Suggested topic vocabulary for outings

Trip/Journey Camping
Accommodation
Enjoyable
Hazardous
Luggage
Nerve-wrecking
Pleasant
Relaxing
Reservations
Scenery
Steep gradient
Tiring
Tour guide
Unpleasant
Winding
Organized
activities
Adventurous
Camp-fire
Cooking utensils
Exciting
Firewood
Knapsacks
Stream
Pitch
Songs
Tents
Trekking
Unforgettable
Water source

























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EXPOSITORY ESSAY

1. Purposes of Writing :-
i) to give detailed information or instructions on how to do something or
how something should be / should be done
ii) usually the question begins with the word HOW.

2. Guidelines :-
i) Analyze the question carefully. It must be a topic you are familiar with.
ii) Brainstorm for ideas, and plan your essay.
iii) Organise your points so that they flow well.
iv) Add details and relevant examples

3. Basic Strategies To Be Used :-
i) Introduction
- Identify the issue, describe the scenario, give definition (if necessary)
ii) Body paragraphs
- present the opinions and ideas clearly
- begin each main idea with a topic sentence
- give details, based on known facts
- use specific examples and illustrations to develop your points
iii) Conclusion
- Sum up the ideas
- Give resolution/suggestion/hope




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Model Question and Answer

Question : The standard of English is deteriorating in the country. Suggest
ways how to raise the standard of English.

We often hear the older generation complaining about the standard of
English among out youths today. Even job agencies list this as one of the
reasons why graduates today cannot get jobs. There must be some truth in
this issue. The question is, what can we do about the declining standard of
English in our country?
One of the ways lies in the teaching of Mathematics and Science in
English. This has already been implemented by the Ministry of Education
since 2003. All Maths and Science subjects, in both primary and secondary
schools, are now taught in English. It is a little too soon to see a drastic
improvement in the level of English as yet, but this programme will definitely
benefit our students in the long run.
Besides that, the government can take an even more drastic measure
by making a pass in English compulsory in all public examinations. Only then
will students be really serious about the subject. Otherwise, they will think that
English is not crucial in the examination and will not pay any attention to it. A
compulsory pass will definitely make them sit up and take notice.
However, the learning of English, as in any language, should start from
the home. Parents must nurture in their children a love for reading. Start them
at an early age. Buy books for them instead of toys, and always make it a
point to take them to the library. Parents themselves must set a good example
by being ardent readers themselves.
In addition, parents should select good educational English
programmes for their children to watch on television or to use on the
computer. The more children are exposed to the proper use of English at an
early age, the more easily they will pick up the language. They will feel
confident and will not feel shy or afraid to use the language at home or in
school.
In short, although the problem seems alarming, it can actually be
tackled. However, both the government as well as parents must be serious
and cooperative in dealing with this issue. More importantly, we should not
push the responsibility to one another.



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Past year questions :-
1. How do you think the media has influenced you and your family? (2001)
2. How can I help to make the world a better place to live in? (2002)
3. An invention you cannot live without. (2003)
4. How can we help promote tourism in Malaysia? (2004)
5. How to keep oneself healthy? (2005)
6. How can television help students in their studies? (2006)
7. My early years. (2007)
8. My perfect future husband or wife. (2008)

Other related questions :-
1. How should moral values be taught in schools?
2. Explain how the reading habit is to be encouraged in your school.
3. Give solutions on how to solve social problems among the youth.
4. Can we narrow the generation gap between parents and children?
Discuss the ways.
5. How to prevent casualties at home?













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ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY

1. Purposes of Writing :-
a) to present a viewpoint
i.e. to argue for or against a topic or
to argue in such a way so as to persuade the reader to agree with
you
b) to discuss the pros and cons of the given topic
c) to try to solve a given problem or issue

2. Basic Strategies To Be Used :-
a) Introduction
state your stand on the topic
b) Body paragraphs
present the facts and arguments clearly and forcefully
begin each main idea with a topic sentence
give accurate facts
use specific examples and illustrations to support your arguments
c) Conclusion
reaffirm your stand
















A topic sentence is a sentence that introduces and summarizes the
whole paragraph, i.e., the main point, the gist without any elaboration,
details or examples.
A paragraph is a group of sentences dealing with one main idea in a
piece of writing. This idea should be simply and clearly expressed in a
topic sentence which is usually the first sentence in a paragraph. The
following sentences should expand and develop the main idea.
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3. Useful topic vocabulary for argumentative writing
a) To introduce the lists of advantages/disadvantages/viewpoints
Firstly/In the first place/The first advantage is that/The first
disadvantage is that
Secondly/In the second place/The second advantage is that/The
second disadvantage is that
Thirdly/In the third place/The third advantage is that/The third
disadvantage is that
Another advantage is that/Another plus point is that/Another
disadvantage is that/Another drawback is that
b) To continue your arguments
Furthermore/In addition/Moreover
Similarly/Likewise
Hence/Thus
c) To emphasize arguments
Without question/Unquestionably
Undoubtedly/Undeniably
d) To give an opposing point or opinion
On the other hand
On the contrary
Nevertheless
In spite of/Despite
However
Though/Although/Even though
e) To make conclusions
Consequently/Therefore/As a result/Thus
In conclusion
Finally/Lastly





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FOCUS 1
Argumentative Essay - Pros and Cons
Question : What are the advantages and disadvantages of students
participating in sports?
Steps :-
1. Identifying the tenses THE PRESENT TENSE
2. Planning the essay
a topic sentence for each paragraph
notes facts, elaborations and examples
3. Writing the final script write the introduction, the conclusion and
elaborate each ideas

Planning generating ideas/arguments
1. Paragraph 1 introduce the topic, give definition
2. Paragraph 2 advantage 1 : it is good for health
3. Paragraph 3 advantage 2 : sports participation instills discipline and
develops leadership qualities
4. Paragraph 4 advantage 3 : sports participation helps students to
release stress and tension
5. Paragraph 5 disadvantage 1 : sports participation leads students to
neglect their homework, studies and even family
6. Paragraph 6 disadvantage 2 : exposure to sports means students
are prone to injuries
7. Paragraph 7 disadvantage 3 : it involves high expenses
8. Paragraph 8 conclusion : give final view; do the advantages
outweigh the disadvantages or choose not to be committed to either
side moderation is the key to success in everything

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Model Composition
Sports are activities that are carried out for pleasure or exercise.
Playing games like football and tennis or taking part in athletics are sports
activities. People around the world involve in sports whether professionally or
done for individual purposes. However, when it comes to students, there are
advantages as well as disadvantages of participating in sports.
One of the main reasons for encouraging students to take part in sports
is that it is good for health. In sports, especially outdoor activities, fresh air is
taken into the lungs, resulting in greater oxygen flow into the heart. With
improved blood circulation, other organs of the body function well. Muscles
get toned, excess fat is burnt and impurities are excreted through the sweat
glands. All these, together with a good diet, make a healthy body.
The second advantage is that sports participation instills discipline and
develops leadership qualities among students. For example, students must
attend the various practices and training programmes punctually. If they are
late, they are usually reprimanded and soon they realise that obeying orders
is important. In addition, students involved in sports activities are often elected
as captains, presidents, secretaries and to other positions. Students holding
these positions usually develop distinctive leadership qualities.
Thirdly, sports participation helps students to release stress and
tension. The increasing amount of homework and the fear of failure at
examinations do not allow students to relax. Taking part in sports gives them
opportunity to unwind. After a game or a work-out at the gymnasium, the
students feel much better and are ready to study after a good bath. This way
of releasing stress is healthy unlike some methods many students resort to,
for example; smoking, loitering in shopping complexes or taking drugs.
On the other hand, there are disadvantages of participating in sports. It
often leads students to neglect their homework, studies and even family.
When students are over-enthusiastic, driven by great interest or the desire to
win at competitions, they tend to spend more and more time away from home.
Eventually, this eats into the students study time and time spent with the
family. This, in turn, may lead to poor academic performance and a
breakdown in family communication. This is certainly not to be encouraged.
Furthermore, exposure to sports means students are prone to injuries
like torn tendons, sore muscles, sprains and even fractures. Injured students
have to stay away from school for some time, causing them to miss lessons
and, consequently, fall behind in their studies.
Finally, it involves a lot of expenses. Students need to spend money on
sports equipment like tennis rackets and track shoes. They may also want
to wear sports outfits that their friends have. Moreover, transport to and from
training places and pocket money for refreshments means more money has to
be spent. This money can be put to better use by buying more books or food.
In conclusion, we can say that moderation is the key to success in
anything. Therefore, if participation in sports is kept in moderation, it should
not pose any danger or threat to the student. However, if the student is over-
enthusiastic, then the disadvantages could turn out to be very real.
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Other related questions :-
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of coeducation?
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of examinations?
3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of being a member of a
large family?
4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having own business?
5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of travelling?


FOCUS 2
Argumentative Essay - Views

Question : Where would you choose to live in the country or the town?
Why?

Steps :-
1. Identifying the tenses THE PRESENT TENSE
2. Planning the essay
a topic sentence for each paragraph (i.e. for each viewpoint)
notes facts, opinions, elaborations and examples
3. Writing the final script write the introduction, the conclusion and
expand the notes

Planning generating ideas/arguments
1. Paragraph 1 introduce the topic : love the country, feel happy,
contented and relaxed
2. Paragraph 2 argument 1 : fresh clean air, clear streams, less
pollution; enjoy catching fish & swimming in river
3. Paragraph 3 argument 2 : house with spacious compound, can grow
flowers, vegetables & fruits, plants are free from pesticides & chemicals
4. Paragraph 4 argument 3 : prefer attitude of people; warm, friendly &
cooperative town people; distant, impersonal & uncooperative
5. Paragraph 5 argument 4 : prefer quiet & peaceful life, no distractions,
different from hectic life in town
6. Paragraph 6 argument 5 : dont like entertainment available in town,
nowhere to go except watching TV at home
7. Paragraph 7 reaffirm the view : there is no place like the country
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Model Composition
I have always loved the country and will continue to do so. When I am
in the country, I definitely feel happy, contented and relaxed. Therefore,
whenever I am asked which one to choose, whether to live in the city or in the
country, I would undoubtedly go for the life in the country.
Firstly, in the country, the air is fresh and clean, and the clear streams
are teeming with fish. There is less pollution as there are no factories or any
industrial sites to emit smoke or discharge wastes into rivers. I really enjoy
going for a dip in the cool waters of the rivers and catching fish to barbecue
over a charcoal fire. All these activities are not possible to be enjoyed in a
town.
Another reason why I like the country is that each house usually has a
spacious compound. In my free time, I can tend the garden. Apart from
growing a variety of beautiful flowers like bougainvillaea and other ferns to
beautify the surroundings, I can also plant vegetables and fruit trees. Home-
grown fruits and vegetables are free from unhealthy pesticides and other
harmful chemicals. Living in town, on the other hand, is different. With land
being so expensive and scarce, most people can only afford to live in link
houses or flats. So, there is space for perhaps only a few pots of flowers and
ferns but definitely no land for vegetables and fruit trees.
Furthermore, I prefer the attitude of the people living in the country.
There is genuine care and concern for one another and a willingness to lend a
helping hand whenever one needs help. It is not uncommon to witness the
whole neighbourhood helping out in a wedding kenduri or on less happy
occasions like funerals. The villagers cooperate, not out of duty, but out of
sincere friendship. More meaningful relationships are formed and it is a joy to
be a part of this. However, in the town, it is even possible that neighbours do
not know one another. Every one seems busy doing his or her own thing.
Often, even next-door neighbours do not bother to get to know one another
and are only acquaintances.
Other than that, I prefer the quiet and peaceful life of the country. I am
able to do a lot of things that I enjoy. The slow pace of life suits me very
much. I can do a lot of reading or write books without any distractions. In the
town, the environment is noisy and the pace of life is hectic. I find it stressful
to cope with the never-ending traffic jams, the rush to go here and there, and
the pressures of work in the office. There is hardly any time for leisurely lunch
or long chats with friends.
Last of all, I do not like the types of entertainment available in the town.
Pubs, discotheques, video arcades, snooker joints and coffee-houses are
places where the rich and idle frequent. Often the crowds get rowdy, and
therefore fights are common. Since I do not like to go to such places, there is
nowhere for me. I often stay at home and watch television or listen to music.
In a nutshell, for me, there is no place like the country. I only hope that
it will not be spoilt by progress and development. I love the country as it
makes me always feel happy, contented and relaxed.

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Other related questions :-
1. Where would you choose to study in a boarding school or a day-
school?
2. Pets help to make life more pleasant. How far do you agree with this
opinion?
3. Equal opportunities in education should be given to boys and girls. Do
you agree?
4. Should co-curricular activities be made compulsory in schools? Give
your arguments.
5. Education or money which is more important to you? Give reasons to
support your opinion.

Past Year Questions :-
1. Some people think that the legal age for driving should be increased
from 17 to 19. What do you think? (2001)
2. Good results at school do not guarantee success in the future. What is
your opinion? (2002)
3. Teenagers today are only interested in entertainment. Do you agree?
Support your opinion. (2007)
4. Examinations good or bad? (2008)


















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CONTINUOUS WRITING

CATEGORY DESCRIPTIONS FOR ASSESSMENT

MARK
RANGE
DESCRIPTION OF CRITERIA

A

44-50

The language is entirely accurate apart from very occasional
first draft slips.
Sentence structure is varied and sophisticated shows that
the candidate is able to use various types of sentences to
achieve a particular effect.
Vocabulary is wide and is used with precision.
Punctuation is accurate and helpful to the reader.
Spelling is accurate across the full range of vocabulary used.
Paragraphs are well-planned, have unity and are linked.
The topic is addressed with consistent relevance.
The interest of the reader is aroused and sustained throughout
the writing.

B

38-43

The language is accurate; occasional errors are either minor or
first draft slips.
Sentences show some variation of length and type, including
some complex sentences.
Vocabulary is wide enough to convey intended shades of
meaning with some precision.
Punctuation is almost always accurate and generally helpful.
Spelling is nearly always accurate.
Paragraphs show some evidence of planning, have unity and
are usually appropriately linked.
The piece of writing is relevant to the topic and the interest of
the reader is aroused and sustained through most of the
composition.

C

32-37

The language is largely accurate.
Simple structures are used without error; mistakes may occur
when more sophisticated structures are attempted.
Sentences may show some variety of structure and length but
there is a tendency to use one type of structure, giving it a
monotonous effect.
Vocabulary is wide enough to convey intended meaning but
may lack precision.
Punctuation of simple structures is accurate on the whole but
errors may occur in more complex uses.
Simple words may be spelt correctly but errors may occur when
more sophisticated words are used.
The composition is written in paragraphs which may show
some unity, although links may be absent or inappropriate.
The writing is relevant but may lack originality and planning.
Some interest is aroused but not sustained.
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D

26-31

The language is sufficiently accurate to communicate meaning
clearly to the reader.
There will be patches of clear, accurate language, particularly
when simple vocabulary and structures are used.
There is some variety of sentence type and length but the
purpose is not clearly seen. Punctuation is generally correct but
does not clarify meaning.
Vocabulary is usually adequate to show intended meaning but
this is not developed to show precision.
Simple words will be spelt correctly, but more spelling errors will
occur.
Paragraphs are used but show lack of planning or unity.
The topic is addressed with some relevance but the reader may
find composition at this level lacking in liveliness and interest
value.

E

20-25

Meaning is never in doubt, but errors are sufficiently frequent
and serious to hamper reading.
Some simple structures may be accurate, but a script at this
level is unlikely to sustain accuracy for long.
Vocabulary is limited either too simple to convey precise
meaning or more ambitious but imperfectly understood.
Simple words may be spelt correctly but frequent mistakes in
spelling and punctuation make reading the script difficult.
Paragraphs lack unity or are haphazardly arranged.
The subject matter will show some relevance to the topic but
only a partial treatment is given.
The high incidence of linguistic errors is likely to distract the
reader from any merits of content that the composition may
have.

Ui

14-19

Meaning is fairly clear but the high incidence of errors
throughout the writing will definitely impede the reading.
There will be many serious errors of various kinds throughout
the script but they are mainly of the single word type, i.e. they
could be corrected without rewriting the whole sentence.
A script at this level will have very few accurate sentences.
Although communication is established, the frequent errors may
cause blurring.
Sentences will be simple and very often repetitive.
Punctuation will sometimes be used correctly but sentence
separation errors may occur.
Paragraphs lack unity or there may not be any paragraphs at
all.



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Uii

8-13

The reader is able to get some sense out of the script but errors
are multiple in nature, requiring the reader to read and reread
before being able to understand.
At this level, there may be only a few accurate but simple
sentences.
The content may be comprehensible, but the incidence of
linguistic error is so high as to make meaning blur.
This type of script may also be far short of the required number
of words.

Uiii

0-7

Scripts in this category are almost entirely impossible to read.
Whole sections may make little or no sense at all.
Where occasional patches of clarity occur, marks should be
awarded.
The mark 0 should only be given if the script makes no sense
at all, from the beginning to end.
































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PAPER 2

SECTION C

SUMMARY


























From the errors of others
a wise man corrects his own
- Publilius Syrus -
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ANALYSIS OF PAST YEAR EXAM PAPERS (2001 2008)

YEAR POEMS
2001 Extract from magazine - Narrative
2002 Extract from magazine - Factual
2003 Extract from magazine - Narrative
2004 Extract from newspaper - Descriptive
2005 Extract from magazine - Descriptive
2006 Extract from newspaper - Factual
2007 Extract from magazine - Factual
2008 Extract from magazine - Narrative

GUIDELINES
Simple steps in writing a summary.
1. Read the questions carefully.
a) Bracket the section that needs to be summarized.
b) Read the section.
c) Underline the key word/ideas that are relevant to the question.
d) Make notes based on the underlined key word.
e) Expand the notes.
2. Try to write the summary using your own words without changing the
its original meaning.
3. Do not copy word for word.
4. Leave out examples, illustrations and details. Never give your own
opinions.
5. Link the points using sentence connectors.
6. Do not exceed the word limit but make sure it is not too short.
7. Write down the number of words below the summary.
8. Your summary must be written in the third person pronoun.
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SAMPLE QUESTION

Section C
[ 25 marks ]

Questions 26 31 are based on the following passage
1





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Good morning, Mrs Wong, the principal of Sekolah
Menengah Cherating, all the teachers, as well as the students of
this school. Firstly, I would like to thank the organising committee
for this invitation to speak at the schools Dental Health
Awareness Week.
I am Dr. Melissa Shanmugam, from the Dental Faculty of
the University of Malaya. I have been a practicing dentist for
more than fifteen years. I am here in the hope that I can
enlighten all of you on the importance of dental care.
Do you know that your teeth are very important assets?
Without teeth, you will not be able to chew your food properly.
You will only be able to eat soft food, like porridge, so as not to
hurt your gums. I am sure that you will not want to eat soft food
all your life, right? But if you have healthy and strong teeth, all
your favourite food like steaks, hamburgers, rice, chicken curry
and many more will be accessible to you!
Teeth also play an important role in enhancing your facial
features. Having strong, healthy and especially white teeth,
firstly, make you look so much more attractive. Imagine a
beautiful girl with fair complexion and perfect features, but when
she opens her mouth and gives a smile, what a sight it would be
if she had a row of decayed teeth!
Secondly, teeth help to hold up the lips so that they would
not collapse into the mouth and become wrinkled and obscured.
It is rather common to see older people having no teeth, but a
young person with no teeth is indeed odd, especially when
young people are very self-conscious about their looks!
Many people take their teeth for granted, thinking that
they would always remain in their mouth. Are you one of them? If
so, then it is time you stop taking your pearly whites for granted
and start taking precautions with the kind of food that you eat.
(For a start, you must always make sure that your teeth
are in good condition. It is possible if you start by brushing your
teeth at least twice a day. Brushing after meals is necessary to
reduce plaque, a mucous film that harbours decay-causing
germs on teeth. Use toothpaste that contains fluoride which
can help to strengthen your teeth. Also, dont forget to floss
because flossing can help remove the food particles that are
stuck between the teeth which would eventually lead to
bacteria being multiplied and finally tooth decay.




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31 Based on the passage given, write a summary on:

the steps you should take to prevent tooth decay

Credit will be given for use of own words but care must be taken not to
change the original meaning.

Your summary must:

be in continuous writing form (not in note form)
use materials from lines 32 to 61
not be longer than 130 words, including the 10 words given below


Begin your summary as follows :

To prevent tooth decay, you should brush your teeth at ..





8



9



10






11
You should also make sure that you eat the right food.
Such a diet should include plenty of eggs and milk, whole-grain
cereals, fruit and vegetables to supply minerals and vitamins.
Calcium, phosphorous and vitamins A, C and D are essential.
Vitamins A, B and C are necessary for healthy gums.
Avoid food with a lot of sugar such as chocolates and
sweets although I know they are favourites among all of you. It
is believed that there exists a kind of bacteria in the mouth that
ferments sugar and starch and hence produces acid. This acid
will in turn attack the ivory-like enamel that protects your
teeth, thus causing tooth decay.
Having frequent check-ups at the clinic is a must for
everyone. It is the only remedy for tooth decay once it occurs.
The dentist not only cleans and checks the teeth, but he also
fills any cavity to keep decay from progressing. This is to ensure
that a person will not suffer from a major toothache if the
attacked tooth is detected at an early stage. If the tooth which
is attacked is not detected at an early stage, one would lose the
teeth. Im sure you would want, if possible, a set of teeth to last
forever. This is not impossible if one takes the necessary
precautions in taking care of ones teeth.)
Thank you.




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Note:

1. Lines 32 61 have been bracketed.

2. This section must be read through once/twice based on the need of
the candidate.

3. As the section is read, candidate can underline the important key
words/ideas or information. (Refer to the sample- words in bold and
underlined indicate the important information)

4. Make notes based on the underlined information.

5. Expand the notes into a paragraph using appropriate sentence
connectors.

Model answer for the summary

To prevent tooth decay, you
should brush your teeth at
least twice a day to
reduce plaque a decay causing
germ. Use toothpaste which contains
fluoride to strengthen your teeth.
Flossing helps remove food particles
stuck between teeth which lead
to bacteria being multiplied and
finally tooth decay. You must
make sure to eat the
right food. Food like whole
grain cereals, fruits, vegetables, minerals
and vitamins are necessary for
healthy gums. Avoid food with
a lot of sugar which
is believed to produce acid
that will attack the enamel
that protects your teeth by
causing tooth decay. Do frequent
check ups at the clinic
which is a must for
everyone. A dentist ensure everyone
will not suffer a major
toothache if it is detected
at an early stage.
( 129 words )
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PRELIMINARY SUMMARY EXERCISES

WORD LEVEL

1. ONE word for TWO


Match the words

1. go into a) accompany
2. take out b) selected
3. go with c) emphasize
4. talk about d) requested
5. talk softly e) extract
6. write down f) record
7. asked for g) whisper
8. picked out h) discuss
9. put emphasis on i) exceed
10.go beyond j) enter


2. ONE word for a PHRASE

Match the words.

1. In a short while a) always
2. All of a sudden b) repeatedly
3. little by little c) meanwhile
4. as time passed d) lastly/finally
5. last of all e) eventually
6. for the time being f) gradually
7. time and again g) suddenly
8. all the time h) soon/shortly
9. once in a while i) periodically
10.now and then j) occasionally

1.in a rude manner a) beautify
2. without making any noise b) barefooted
3. writing that cannot be read c) money-minded
4. thinks of money all the time d) illegible
5. with great care e) rudely
6. walk without shoes f) noiselessly/silently
7. make more beautiful. g) carefully
8. trickling drop by drop. h) people
9. men, women, children i) dripping
10. not very deep j) shallow



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SENTENCE LEVEL

3. Rewrite each sentence to shorten it.

1. The Kenyir Lake which was created by man is now a popular fishing spot.
(13 words)
The Kenyir Lake is now a popular fishing spot. (9 words)

2. The river which flows fast is not suitable for swimming. (10 words)

...(8 words)

3. Many restaurants today sell food which is prepared very quickly.(10 words)

...(5 words)

4. Last night, a thief came into my house and took away my radio, camera,
antique clock and some money. (19 words)

...(3 words)

5. Big tears started to roll down her cheeks and soon she was sobbing as if
her heart would break. (19 words)

...(3 words)

6. While we were watching the late night movie, we heard a scream that sent
shivers down our spine. (18 words)

Whilewe heard a...(11 words)

7. Before she goes home every day, she buys fried chicken, curry fish, meat
curry or vegetables. (16 words)

...(7 words)

8. I quarreled with my brother because he wanted to watch the movie over
Channel Two while I demanded to see the documentary over another
channel. (25 words)

We...(7 words)

9. He studied without stopping until it was time for dinner. (10 words)

...(5 words)

10. Often men, women and children die in countries which experience
earthquakes. (11 words)

...(6 words)
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PARAGRAPH LEVEL

4. Rewrite each paragraph to shorten it

Paragraph 1 :

It was twenty-two years ago that the famous John Clark took over the
leadership of the Rainbow Symphony Orchestra. The musical world was
thrilled and elated with this move. They compared Clarks orchestra with other
world famous ones like the Grand Philharmonic Orchestra and the Super
Orchestra. Under Clark, the Rainbow Symphony Orchestra has turned into
one of the finest, richest-sounding symphony orchestras in the world.

Question : What has John Clark turned the Rainbow Symphony into?

Summary: He has turned the.into one

..

..

..

..

..

Paragraph 2 :

There are good reasons to diet not only for people who are overweight but
also for everyone. Dieting helps people to feel better. It lowers blood pressure
and cholesterol levels, and controls blood sugar in diabetics.

Question : Who should diet? What are the results of dieting?

Summary: Dieting is recommended.It results in..

..

..

..

..

..




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ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY

EXERCISE 1
Section C
[ 25 marks ]

Questions 26 31 are based on the following passage


1









2


3






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5







6



Procrastination is the act of putting off doing something
important until a later time or date. Most of us procrastinate now and
then. We may make big plans but never carry them out, such as
cleaning the house or starting on a diet. We may feel reluctant to
take risks or try something new. We may also get sick when faced
with an unpleasant job, and prefer to avoid confrontations or
decisions. Some of us blame others or situations for our
unhappiness or to avoid doing something. While its only an
occasional problem for most, procrastination can be a chronic
stumbling block for some.
There are many reasons for procrastinating. The first is that
we may dread taking on a difficult and boring job. The other reason
is fear of failure.
When a task is perceived as long or difficult, many will
procrastinate simply because there is no immediate gratification. For
example, it will take months to lose those ten pounds or it will take
tons of energy to clear the room. Putting off a diet programme one
more day (and eating that yummy chocolate cake) will not make
much difference. Sleeping in a cluttered room for another day wont
make a difference, and the list goes on.
Fear of failure often comes into play at school where
performance is evaluated and can affect our future success. A
student may put off studying for a test until the last minute. Lack of
time spent studying is a more desirable explanation for failure than
lacking intelligence to learn the material.
But that one extra day (and the cake) does make a difference.
Procrastination causes stress, anxiety and a feeling of failure.
Students who fear failure ultimately ensure failure when they do not
prepare for tests or start projects on time. Employees who begin
tasks at the last minute rarely perform as well as their non-
procrastinating colleagues. Putting off a diet programme ultimately
adds to the number of pounds you need to lose to be healthy, thus
making the job that much harder to accomplish.
If you are a chronic procrastinator, you will not cure yourself in
a day. Reward yourself for every step taken in the right direction.






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12


First, figure out why you are procrastinating. Is it fear of failure
or lack of confidence? Write down all the reasons why putting off
your project will bring you one step closer to failure. Does it make
sense to put it off any longer? NO.
Next, break down the task into smaller jobs. If it is a thirty-
page paper due in two weeks, write down a goal of finishing three
pages a night. After you have finished your nightly quota, give
yourself a reward of some sort. Watch your favourite television
programme or have a treat.
Remind yourself (write it down and put it on the fridge) of how
good you will feel when your project is done or when you have lost
those ten pounds. Plan a big reward for that time. If the end seems
too far away, give yourself a reward at the half-way point.
Those of us who procrastinate on a day-to-day basis need a
realistic to-do list. Keep the list with you and stick to the order.
Cross things off as they are accomplished. Plan a reward for the end
of the day if you accomplish all your tasks.
Tell your friends and family about your goals. If you have
someone asking you how your diet is coming along, it is more
difficult to cheat. If you have a major school project to do, ask a
friend to help keep you on the task by calling each day to see what
you have accomplished.
In conclusion, procrastination can cause you to miss opportunities
and sabotage your future. Remember the saying, Procrastination is
the thief of time and stop procrastinating!




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26. (a) From paragraph 1, what is procrastination?

... [1mark]

(b) From paragraph 2, what are the reasons for procrastination?

(i) ... [1mark]

(ii). [1mark]

27. From paragraph 2, which word means reluctant ?

..... [1mark]

28. From paragraph 4, why do students put off studying for a test until the last
minute?

....... [2marks]



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29. From paragraph 5, state two ill effects of procrastination?

(i) .[1mark]

(ii) .[1mark]

30. In your opinion, how do you plan to cure yourself if you are a chronic
procrastinator? Answer in your own words.



...
[2 marks]




31. Based on the passage given, write a summary on:

the reasons why people procrastinate
how to cure procrastination

Credit will be given for use of own words but care must be taken not to
change the original meaning.

Your summary must:

be in continuous writing form (not in note form)
use materials from lines 11 to 57
not be longer than 130 words, including the 10 words given below

Begin your summary as follows:

Many people tend to procrastinate. One reason is fear of








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EXERCISE 2

Section C
[ 25 marks ]

Questions 26 31 are based on the following passage


1





2






3









4








5









Electronic Mail or email is often said to be the post office of the
future. It is not true. It is the post office of today. Millions of people
around the world are using email to send their business
correspondence and to keep in touch with friends. If the Internet is a
communication revolution, then email is its driver.
Email is the process of sending messages across the Net using
PCs and phone lines. Email takes just a few seconds to arrive on the
other side of the world. It is not just the speed that attracts users
today but it is the power. Normally, only a message or a short letter
and perhaps a photo or two fill up an envelope. By email, just about
any kind of information in the form of pictures, video clips, sound files
and even software programs can be sent in a very short time.
Email provides many advantages. Users are often concerned with
cost. No matter where an email is heading the cost is the same and
in just a few sen for the minute or two the user is connected to the
local ISP by phone. By subscribing to a monthly fee, the user can
use the Internet to surf the Web, chat with people, watch a movie,
download programs and plenty more. Compare the cost with that of
sending a letter overseas by airmail, it is certainly cheaper. Next, it is
safe as well. This is because it cannot get lost if the letter is
addressed properly. Furthermore, there is little chance of it being
stolen because it is delivered within seconds.
Sending and receiving email is easy. The user can just register
with the any local ISP, which often offers subscription to include
email software as part of the membership package. There are many
different email packages but they work in much the same way. Better
software allows the user to check spelling and it has an address
book where a list of email address can be kept and recalled at the
convenience of the user. Besides, technology has advanced to
provide even the facility to attach pictures and add sounds to the
message.
When one signs up with an Internet Service Provider one gets at
least one email address which look something like this
sonyt@tm.net.my. This is unique to the user and is like any street
address except that it is an electronic one. Users can create any
electronic address that they like but it has to be registered with the
ISP. A scan of available addresses shows the myriad of unique
creativity of individual address, some of which look weird. The
registered user needs a password to access his/her own mailbox
and this helps to safeguard unauthorised mailers to open other
peoples mails. It acts almost like a key to the lock of the mailbox.




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6








7






Unfortunately, there are some disadvantages of email. Just as
one might get junk mail through the ordinary letterbox each week,
the same applies online. These undesirable mails are called
electronic junk mail. While this creates inconvenience, it is better
than those that come through the door. Users can recognise it
immediately and delete it without opening it. The majority of
electronic junk mail is get-rich-quick schemes, advertisements and
they are as powerful as they come.
Email seems to be gaining popularity especially with the youths
who have taken in to this new fashion in communication with their
peers around the globe. Not just for the young, big business
corporations have begun to trust email as a faster mode of
communication, which saves costs and documents online business
matters almost immediately. Although the modern society speaks
highly of the advantages of email, it should be remembered that
anything consumed in excess is never healthy for anyone!



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31. Based on the passage given, write a summary on:

the advantages of email
the disadvantages of email

Credit will be given for use of own words but care must be given not to
change the original meaning.

Your summary must:

be in continuous writing form (not in note form)
use materials from lines 6 to 57
not be longer than 130 words, including the 10 words given
below

Begin your summary as follows :

Email is sending message across the Internet using computers and







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ANSWER KEY FOR SECTION C

PRELIMINARY EXERCISES

1. ONE WORD FOR TWO WORDS

1. ENTER
2. EXTRACT
3. ACCOMPANY
4. DISCUSS
5. WHISPER
6. RECORD
7. REQUEST
8. SELECTED
9. EMPHASIS
10. EXCEED


2. ONE WORD FOR A PHRASE

A. 1. SOON
2. SUDDENLY
3. GRADUALLY
4. EVENTUALLY
5. LASTLY / FINALLY
6. MEANWHILE
7. REPEATEDLY
8. ALWAYS
9. OCCASIONALLY
10. PERIODICALLY




B. 1. RUDELY
2. NOISELESSLY/SILENTLY
3. ILLEGIBLE
4. MONEY-MINDED
5. CAREFULLY
6. BAREFOOTED
7. BEAUTIFY
8. DRIPPING
9. PEOPLE
10. SHALLOW






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ENRICHMENT EXERCISES

EXERCISE 1

A. READING COMPREHENSION

26 (a) the act of putting off doing something important until a later time
or date.
( i) dread taking on a difficult and boring job.
(ii) fear of failure
(iii) task perceived as long or difficult with no immediate
gratification.
(iv) where ones performance when evaluated can affect ones
future success.

27 dread

28 fear of failure when school performance is evaluated and can affect a
students future of success.

29 ( i) causes stress
(ii) causes anxiety
(iii) causes a feeling of failure

30 accept any reasonable answers based on the text or the students
personal experience or response but must be written in their own
words.


B. CONTENT POINTS FOR SUMMARY
1. Doing a difficult and boring job
2. No immediate reward
3. Fear of failure
4. Causes stress, anxiety and feeling of failure
5. People rarely do well in a task and the task looks harder
6. Find out why you are procrastinating
7. Break difficult tasks into smaller parts
8. Reward yourself after completing a task
9. Write down a remainder about the reward
10. Keep a practical to do list and follow it closely daily
11. Tick off completed task
12. Tell someone about your goals will keep you on the right track


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EXERCISE 2

CONTENT POINTS

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1) cheaper
15) junk mails advertisement of
get-rich-quick schemes
2) faster
16) user can easily delete junk
mail without opening them
3) safer
4) can surf the Web
5) can chat
6) can watch movie
7) can download programs
8) entitled to one email add with
password if sign up with local
ISP

9) password acts like key to user
Mailbox

10) password guards against
unauthorized intrusion

11) email provides spell check
12) email provides address book
13) email provides attaching pictures
14) email provides adding sound
to the message
















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PAPER 2

SECTION D



LITERATURE



POEMS

SHORT STORIES

NOVEL









Words are of course the most wonderful drug used by
mankind

- Rudyard Kipling -
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ANALYSIS OF PAST YEAR EXAM PAPERS (2001 2008)

YEAR POEMS SHORT STORIES NOVEL
2001
a) Theres Been A Death
In The Opposite
House (MCQ)
b) Si Tenggangs
Homecoming
a) The Drovers Wife
(MCQ)
b) The Necklace

Character you
like best and
three reasons
why.
2002
a) The Road Not Taken
(MCQ)
b) If
a) The Sound
Machine (MCQ)
b) The Sound
Machine
Event that
teaches you an
important moral
lesson.
2003
a) Sonnet 18 (MCQ)
b) Monsoon History
a) The Lotus Eater
(MCQ)
b) The Drovers Wife
Character you
sympathize with.
2004 Sonnet 18 The Lotus Eater
Memorable
event.
2005
Si Tenggangs
Homecoming
Looking For A Rain
God
Theme: Love is
important in a
family. How is it
shown in the
novel you have
read.
2006 The Road Not Taken The Drovers Wife
Describe the
main characters
determination.
2007
Si Tenggangs
Homecoming
The Lotus Eater
It is important to
have a person
you look up to in
your life. Write
about one
character that
you look up to.
Give reasons why
you choose him /
her.
2008 If The Sound Machine
Describe what
happens at the
end of the novel.
Explain why you
find the ending
either happy/sad.


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POEMS





1. IF

2. SONNET 18

3. MONSOON HISTORY

4. SI TENGGANGS HOMECOMING

5. THE ROAD NOT TAKEN

6. THERES BEEN A DEATH IN THE OPPOSITE HOUSE
















Anyone who stops learning is old,
Whether at 20 or 80,
Anyone who keeps learning stays young.
- Henry Ford -
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1. IF

LINES MEANINGS
If you can keep your head when all
about you
Are losing theirs and blaming it on
you
If you can be calm and sensible when
others around you are blaming you
for their bad luck.
(Value- rational)
If you can trust yourself when all men
doubt you
But make allowance for their doubting
too
You need to believe in yourself when
others think that you are wrong. Do
not be angry and also consider their
ideas too
(Value-self confidence)
If you can wait and not be tired by
waiting
Or being lied about dont deal in lies
You need to be patient and not give
up. Do not lie although others tell lies
about you
( Value- patience)
Or being hated dont give way to
hating
And yet dont look too good, nor talk
too wise
Although others hate you ,you should
not hate them back. Be humble and
moderate in your speech and
appearance
(Value-forgiving)
If you can dream and not make
dream your master
If you can think- and not make
thoughts your aim
If you have any ambition , work
towards achieving them. You need to
act on your plan
(Value- hardworking)
If you can meet with Triumph and
Disaster
And treat those two imposters just the
same
If you achieve success or meet with
failure accept both situation as they
are.
(Value- humble)
If you can bear to hear the truth
youve spoken
Twisted by knaves to make a trap for
fools
Remain calm when people
manipulate your words for their own
benefits and also toke advantage of
the innocent.
(Value-patience)
Or watch the things you gave your life
to, broken
And stoop and build em up with
worn-out-tools
Do not be upset when your life effort
is destroyed by dishonest people.
Work to start all over again.
(Value-do not give up)
If you can make one heap of all your
winnings
And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-
toss
You should be willing to take risk and
not be afraid of the material loss.

(Value-brave)
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LINES MEANINGS
And lose, and start again at your
beginnings
And never breathe a word about your
loss
If you fail, start all over again without
complaining.

(Value- do not give up)
If you can force your heart and nerve
and sinew
To serve your turn long after they are
gone
You must have strength and
determination to continue even in
your weakness moment.
(Value- perseverance)
And so hold on when there is nothing
in you
Except the Will which says to them:
Hold on!
You must have the will power to
continue consistently in your attitude
even when faced with difficulties.
(Value- determination)
If you can talk with crowds and keep
your virtue
Or walk with Kings- nor lose the
common touch
You must be humble when mixing
with people of all walk of life.
(Value- humility)
If neither foes nor loving friends can
hurt you
If all men count with you, but none too
much
You must be fair to all regardless of
your friends or enemies.
(Value- just)
If you can fill the unforgiving minute
With sixty seconds worth of distance
run
Time is precious.
(Value- use time wisely)
Yours is the Earth and everything
thats in it
And- which is more youll be a Man,
my son!
You can have the whole world and
you will be a complete person















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Read the above poem and answer the following questions.

1. What is the poem mainly about?

..

2. Who do you think is the persona in this poem?

..

3. The Earth could symbolize what?

..

4. What are the two imposters?

..

5. The expression keep your head means

.

6. Which lines in the poem suggest that you must be calm even when
others blame you for their troubles?

.

.

7. Suggest two pieces of advice in stanza two.

i)..

ii).

8. How can you make dreams not your master?



9. What quality is suggested by the line And yet dont look too good, nor
talk too wise ?

.


10. If others lie to you or hate you, what are you suppose to do?

.


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11. Is it important to have a dream? Why?

.

12. Explain the phrase Never breathe a word about your loss.

.

13. Suggest a possible theme for this poem. Why do you say so?

.







































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2. SONNET 18

LINES MEANINGS
Shall I compare thee to a summers
day?
The poet is comparing his beloved to
a beautiful sunny summers day
Thou art more lovely and more
temperate
His beloved is more beautiful and
moderate in her behaviour unlike
summer which could be hot or cold
Rough winds do shake the darling
buds of May
The strong wind in summer can
destroy the beautiful flower buds that
appear in May
And summers lease hath all too short
a date
Summer is short as it lasts a few
months.
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven
shines
Summer sometimes shines strongly
And often is his gold complexion
dimmd
At times the sun is hidden by clouds.
And every fair from fair sometimes
declines
Beauty may not last forever.
By chance, or natures changing
course, untrimmd
The beauty could be destroyed
accidentally or through aging.
But thy eternal summer shall not fade
However his beloved will not lose her
beauty.
Nor lose possession of that fair thou
owst
Her beauty will last forever.
Nor shall Death brag thou wandrest
in his shade
Even death cannot take her beauty
away
When in eternal lines to time thou
growst
Her beauty will remain forever
So long as men can breathe, or eyes
can see
As long as they are people who will
read this poem










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Read the above poem and answer the following questions.

1. What could be one of the main themes of this poem?

.

2. What does the persona compares his beloved to?

.

3. What do you think summer signifies for the persona?

.

4. The words his shade refer to ..

5. The word thou refers to

6. The line And every fair from fair sometimes declines implies that



7. Why do you think the persona wants to compare his beloved to a
summers day?



8. What does the word eye refers to?



9. State a message you think the persona wishes to convey to his readers
through this sonnet. Why do you say so?

.

.

.

10. Explain how it is possible to preserve her beauty.

.

11. What does the expression eternal summer suggest?

.



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12. What does the expression eternal lines suggest?

..

13. Explain in your own words the last two lines in the sonnet.

.

.









































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3. THE MONSOON HISTORY

LINES MEANINGS
The air is wet, soaks into mattresses,
and curls in apparitions of smoke.
The atmosphere is cold, wet and
misty.
Like fat white slugs furled
Among the timber,
The wet air is full of vapour that looks
like slugs on pieces of timber.
Or silver fish tunneling
The damp linen covers of
schoolbooks
The covers of the schoolbooks feel
wet and we the image silverfish
insects inside the books.
Or walking
Quietly like centipedes
The air walking everywhere
On its hundred feet
The damp air caresses the skin like
centipedes crawling on you.
Is filled with the glare
Of tropical water
The suns glare is reflected on spots
of water found everywhere.
Again we are taken over
By clouds and rolling darkness
Dark clouds in the sky shows that it is
going to rain again.
Small snails appear
Clashing their timid horns
Among the morning glory
vines
The small snails appear among the
morning glory vines because of the
cold weather.
Drinking milo
Nyonya and baba sit at home
The Chinese couple , who has
adopted some Malay culture, drinks
Milo at home.
This was forty years ago
This incident happened forty years
ago.
Sarong-wrapped they counted
Silver paper for the dead
The Chinese couple counted paper
money that will be offered to dead
and it is part of Chinese culture.
Portraits of grandfathers
Hung always in the parlour
They hung pictures of their ancestors
as a sign of respect.
Reading Tennyson, at six p.m. in
pajamas,
The poet reads English poem in the
evening, wearing pyjamas. This
shows the influence of western
education.
Listening to down pouring rain
As she reads, the rain is falling
heavily outside.
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the air ticks with gnats,
black spiders fly
The air is filled with sounds of insects
that come out during rainy season.
Moths sweep out of our rooms Moths are flying around the rooms.
Where termites built
Their hills of eggs and queens zoom
in heat
White ants have built their nests and
they multiply during summer.
We wash our feet for bed
Watch mother uncoil
Her snake hair
The children are getting ready for
bed. Washing the feet is a Malay
culture. Mother lets her hair down.
Unbuckle
The silver mesh around her waist
Mother releases her belt round her
waist
Waiting for father pacing
The sand as fishers pull
From the Straits after monsoon
The children are waiting for their
father who is at the beach waiting for
the fishermen to come back after the
heavy rain
The air is still, silent The air is calm and tranquil
Like sleepers rocked in the pantun,
Sheltered by Malacca
There is an image of peace and
harmony at the end of the day
This was forty years ago,
When nyonya married baba.
This incident happened forty years
ago when the poets parents lived in
the nyonya baba traditions






















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Read the above poem and answer the following questions.

1. Where do you think the poem is set?

.

2. When did these events take place?

.

3. Name the objects that are wet.

.

4. Name two insects that are mentioned in the poem.

.

5. What creatures appear among the morning glory vines?

.

6. What does the word pacing tell us about the fathers waiting for the
fishermen?

.

7. Timid horns refer to the .

8. What does the reference to portraits of grandfather tell us about the
personas family?

.

9. In your own words, state what you think the title Monsoon History
suggests.

.

10. State any possible theme for this poem. Why do you say so?

.

.

.

.

.
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11. State a message the persona may wish to convey through this poem.
How can you tell?

..

.

.

.

12. The air is compared to nature images. List down any two images and
comment on these comparisons.

.

.

.

.

13. What culture is depicted in this poem? Suggest two things to support
your answer.

.

.

.

.


















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4. SI TENGGANGS HOMECOMING

LINES MEANINGS
the physical journey that I traverse
is a journey of the soul
The physical trip done by the poet also
reflects the changes in his inner self
transport of the self from a
fatherland
The poet leaves his homeland
to a country collected by sight and
mind,
To a foreign country which he has only
read about and seen in pictures
The knowledge that sweats from it
The poet had to work hard to gain
knowledge from it
In a strangers knowledge
The knowledge were all foreign
experiences to him
From one who has learnt to see,
think and choose between the
changing realities
The poet has learnt to observe, analyse
and choose between the two worlds that
he knows
Its true I have growled at my
mother and grandmother
It is true that the poet had spoken harshly
to his mother and grandmother
But only after having told of my
predicament
But only after he had told them of his
difficulties and challenges
That they have never brought to
reason
Unfortunately they could not understand
his situation
The wife that I began to love in my
loneliness
The loneliness has caused the poet to
love and appreciate his wife more.
In the country that alienated me
He was ignored by his family and friends
in his homeland
They took to their predecisions
They had already formed their own
opinions about the poet
I have not entirely returned, I know
The poet admits that he was not the
same as before
Having been changed by time and
place
Time and experience had changed the
poet
Coarsened by problems
More matured due to the challenges he
had faced
Estranged by absence Distanced because of his long absence
But look,
I have brought myself home,
The poet had willingly come home
Seasoned by confidence, The poet is more confident now
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Broadened by land and languages
The poet has gained new ideas and
learnt new languages
I am no longer afraid of the
oceans
The poet is not afraid to travel far away to
foreign countries
Or the differences between people
The poet is not afraid of the differences
between people
Not easily fooled by words or
ideas
He is also not easily deceived by words
and ideas
The journey was a loyal teacher The trip has taught him many things
Who was never tardy
In explaining cultures or
variousness
It was effective in teaching him the
different cultures and lifestyles of people
around the world
Look, I am just like you Despite all this, the poet is still the same
Still malay The poet is still a Malay
Sensitive to what
(I believe is true)
Aware of what is right
And more ready to understand
And willing to understand the situation
around him
Than my brothers
More understanding compared to his
fellow country-men
The contents of these boats are
yours too
The knowledge that the poet brought
back is to be shared by all
Because I have returned
Because the poet has come back to his
homeland
Travel made me
A seeker who does not take
What is given without sincerity
The poet has learnt not to ask for things
that are not given willingly by others
Or that which demands payments
from beliefs
Or accept anything that would go against
his beliefs
The years at sea and coastal
states have taught me to choose
The years of traveling overseas had
taught me to choose
To accept only those tested by
comparison
And accept only values that had been
proven
Or that which matches the words
of my ancestors
And those which reflect what he had
learnt when he was young

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Which returns me to my village
and its perfection
By accepting what is good, the poet has
kept himself close to his roots which he
considers are perfect.
Ive learnt
The ways of the rude
The poet has learnt to question and argue
with others
To hold reality in a new logic To think for himself and to be rational
Debate with hard and loud facts
Able to defend his opinions with strong
arguments
But I too am humble, respecting
man and life
But he is still humble as he respects man
and life
I am not a new man,
Not very different
From you
The poet stresses that he is not different
from his country-men
The people and cities of coastal
ports
The people and places of his journey
Taught me not to brood
Had taught him not to feel sorry for
himself
Over a foreign world In a foreign country
Suffer difficulties
Or fear possibilities
And how to overcome challenges or fear
changes in life
I am you
Freed from the village
The poet is still a Malay but free
Its soils and ways
From the tradition, culture and lifestyle of
the village
Independent, because
I have found myself
The poet is independent as he is able to
think for himself and not accept the
traditional ways of the village.














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Read the above poem and answer the following questions.

1. What does the title of the poem tell you about the persona?

..

2. Where do you think the persona has travelled?

.

3. What does the persona compare his journey to?

.

4. What do the first two lines in stanza 1 suggest?

..

5. What do you think the poem is mainly about?

..

6. How do you think the travel has benefited the persona?

..

7. Why was the journey described as a loyal teacher?

.

.

8. Suggest a possible theme for this poem. Give two reasons for your
choice.

.

.

.

.

9. List down two things that the persona assures his people.

..

..


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10. List down three words from stanza 3 that you can associate with the
title of this poem. What do they tell you about the poem?

..

.

.

.

11. In stanza 1, how did Si Tenggang obtain his knowledge?



12. In stanza 2, why did Si Tenggang growl at his mother and
grandmother?





13. In stanza 2, why does he say i have not entirely returned?





14. How did the villagers respond to his return?





15. If you had the chance, would you like to be like Si Tenggang? Provide
reasons to you answers.














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5. THE ROAD NOT TAKEN

LINES MEANINGS
Two roads in a yellow wood
A road separates into two in a forest
during autumn
And sorry I could not travel both
However, the poet could not travel on
both the roads at the same time
And be one traveler, long I stood
The poet stood at the junction for a
long time
And looked down one as far as I
could
He looked as far as he could down one
of the roads.
To where it bent in the undergrowth
Until the road bent and hidden by thick
bushes
Then took the other, as just as fair
Then he chose the other road which
looked equally good
And having perhaps the better
claim
And was more inviting
Because it was grassy and wanted
wear
Because it was grassy and not used by
people
Though as for that the passing
there
At that moment the poet was thinking
about his two choices
Had worn them really about the
same
The poet feels the roads looked the
same
And both that morning equally lay
At that particular morning both the
roads were equally appealing
In leaves no step had trodden black And were not used by people yet
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Finally the poet decided to the first
road for another time
Yet knowing how way leads on to
way
Although he knew as time passed one
thing would lead to another
I doubted if I should ever come
back
The poet is unsure if would have the
chance to try the first option that was
left behind.
I shall be telling this with a sigh
The poet will recall this incident with a
sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence Some time in the future
Two roads diverged in a wood, and
I -
Two roads separated at a junction in
the forest
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I took the one less traveled by
the poet took the road that was used
by fewer people
And that has made all the
difference
And that choice has made all the
difference in his life












































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Read the above poem and answer the following questions.

1. How many roads are described in the poem?

.

2. What is the main idea of the poem?

.

3. How many travelers are mentioned in the poem?

.

4. Where is the setting of the poem?

.

5. What season of the year does the yellow wood refer to?

.

6. The expression to where it bend in the undergrowth suggests?

..

7. Explain the phrase was grassy and wanted wear.

..

..

8. What do you think the two roads could represent?

..

9. Suggest two possible messages the persona wishes to convey to the
readers.

..

..








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10. Explain the title The Road Not Taken. Why do you say so?

..

..





11. Which road did the persona take? Which line tells this?



.

12. Do you think the persona will keep his promise to come back to the
road which he did not choose in the first place? Give a reason to
support your answer.

.

.



























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6. THERES BEEN A DEATH IN THE OPPOSITE HOUSE

LINES MEANINGS
Theres been a death in the
opposite house
Someone has died in the opposite house
As lately as today It happened quite recently
I know it by the numb look
Such houses have always
The persona knows that someone has
died as the house has a serious
atmosphere
The neighbours rustle in and out
The neighbours move in and out to pay
their last respects
The doctor drives away
The doctor leaves after confirming the
persons death
A window opens like a pod
Abrupt, mechanically;
A window is flung open suddenly
Someone flings a mattress out,-
The mattress of the deceased is thrown
out of the window
The children hurry by
The children passed by the house quickly
as they are afraid
They wonder if IT died on that
The children are curious to know if the
deceased had died on that mattress
I used to when a boy
The persona recalls his childhood
experiences
The minister goes stiffly in as if the
house
Were his
The priest enters the house with authority
And he owned all the mourners
now, and little boys besides
The people were fascinated by his words
while the boys were captivated by his
appearance
And then the milliner The hat-maker arrives to do his job
and the man of the
Of the appalling trade,
To take the measure of the house
The undertaker has come to measure the
coffin
Therell be that dark parade A funeral procession will take place
Of tassels and of coaches soon
Consisting of coaches and hearse used
in the funeral
Its easy as a sign
It is easy to know that there is a funeral
based on the things mentioned above
The intuition of the news
In just a country town
News spreads very quickly in a small
town
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Read the above poem and answer the following questions.

1. What message do you think the persona wishes to convey in this
poem?

..



2. When and where did the death occur?

..

3. The word it in stanza 3 would probably refer to

4. What do you think is the role of the minister?

.

5. In your own words, describe the town the persona live in.

.

6. What do tassels and coaches refer to?

.

7. State two people who came to the house. Give reasons why these
people came.

.







8. Describe the way the minister comes into the house.

.

.

9. Who do you think is the persona in this poem?

.



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10. The numb look refers to

11. Why did the neighbours rustle in and out?

..

12. What does the man of the appalling trade do?

..
.
13. The dark parade probably refers to..

14. The house in line 2 in stanza 4 refers to .

15. The word house in line 3 in stanza 5 refers to ..



































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SHORT STORIES





1. THE LOTUS EATER

2. THE NECKLACE

3. THE DROVERS WIFE

4. THE SOUND MACHINE

5. LOOKING FOR A RAIN GOD



















Tell me, and I forget,
Teach me, and I may remember,
Involve me, and I learn.
- Benjamin Franklin -
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1. THE LOTUS EATER

SYNOPSIS





QUESTIONS

1. Briefly describe the importance of Wilsons decision to the story.

.

.



2. Briefly describe Wilsons lifestyle on the Island of Capri.

.

.




When Thomas Wilson was 34 years old, he visited the island of
Capri in the Bay of Naples. He fell in love with the island at first sight.
He wanted to extend his stay there but he had to return to London to
continue his work as a bank manager. After a year in London, he
decided to move to Capri as he was bored with his job. Furthermore,
he did not have a family as his wife and child had died and he was
alone. He had also been working at the same bank since he was 17.
Finally, he sold his house and bought annuity for 25 years. In Capri, he
lived a simple life doing normal routine such as going for walks,
reading books and playing the piano. Assunta, the landlords wife
helped in his housekeeping. However, after 25 years (when he was 60
years old ) his money ran out. He borrowed money to continue his
lifestyle but when he could pay his rent anymore, he was asked to
vacate. Wilson was very depressed and tried to kill himself by shutting
the windows and lighting a charcoal fire. The next morning, Assunta
found Thomas Wilson nearly dead and sent him to the hospital. As a
result of his suicide attempt, Wilsons behaviour changed probably
because his mind had been damaged. Assunta and her husband took
pity on him and let him stay in a woodshed. He was put in charge of
the goats and the chicken. He continued to live a miserable, anti- social
life for six years. He died at the age of 67, on the hillside overlooking
the Bay of Naples, in the moonlight.

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3. What important decision that Wilson has to make?

.



4. If you were Wilson, would you make the same decision? Give reasons
to support your answer.

.

.

5. How did Wilson support himself in Capri?

.

6. What did Wilson do in order to end his life?

.

7. Who is Assunta?

.

8. Why do you think Wilson tried to kill himself?

.

9. What made the writer want to know about Wilson?

.

10. What happened to Wilson after his suicide attempt?

.



11. How does Wilson eventually die?

.



12. What will happen to Wilson once his annuity finishes?

.


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2. THE NECKLACE

SYNOPSIS











Mathilde was married to Loisel, a simple clerk. She was not happy
with her husband as she dreamed of a rich luxurious life which her
husband could not provide. However, her husband was a simpleton
who loved the simple things in life. One day, Loisel received an
invitation to attend a Ball at the Ministry of Public Instruction. The
invitation was only for the selected few. But, Mathilde refused to go to
the ball as she did not have a suitable gown to wear. Loisel gave her
the two hundred francs which he had kept to buy a gun, to buy a dress.
She was still not happy as she did not have any jewellery to wear. She
also turned down Liosels suggestion of using natural flowers for it
would make her look poor. Finally, Mathide was persuaded to borrow
some jewellery from her friend, Madam Forriester. She borrowed a
beautiful diamond necklace which made her look beautiful. Dressed in
a new gown and borrowed necklace, she was a success at the ball as
it was the happiest night of her life.

When she returned home, she discovered that she had lost the
necklace. Immediately, Loisel retraced their steps on foot, hoping to
find it but to no avail. So, he reported the lost to the police and the
newspaper offices. By the end of the week, there was no news about
the lost necklace. Since they had to return the necklace, they bought a
similar necklace at Palais Royale which cost thirty-six thousand francs.
Loisel had eighteen thousand francs inherited from his father and he
borrowed the rest. To repay the debt, they had to change their lifestyle.
They had to move from their old house while Loisel had to take three
jobs to repay the debt. Matilde worked as washer woman and was
thrifty in their daily spending. Their hardship lasted ten years, resulting
in Matlide looking old and haggard. Finally, the debts were settled.

One Sunday, Matilde met Madame Forriestier while going for a
walk. Her friend looked beautiful and charming compared to Matilde
who looked plain. She explained to her friend about the lost necklace
and the subsequent events. Matlide got a shock when her friend told
her that the necklace that she borrowed was a fake worth only five
hundred francs.

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QUESTIONS

1. Briefly compare Mathildes social background against her desires in
life.









2. Briefly describe the differences between Mathilde and her husband.









3. Briefly describe how much Mr Loisel cares for Mathilde.





4. Describe the contrasting characteristics of Mathilde and Mr Loisel.





5. Who did Mathilde borrow the necklace from?



6. Why do you think she wanted the diamond necklace?





7. Madame Loisel was a great success. What do you understand by
this sentence?



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8. If you were Mathilde, how would feel after knowing the truth about
the necklace?





9. What is Mathildes reaction after reading the invitation card?





10. Why is Mathildes husband excited about the invitation?





11. Why is the invitation more important for Mathilde than for her
husband?





12. In your opinion, what kind of person was Mathilde in the beginning
of the story? Give reasons.






















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3. THE DROVERS WIFE

SYNOPSIS














This story takes place in the interiors of Australia. A drovers wife
lives with her four children in a remote place far away from others. The
house is surrounded by empty land with a few bushes. Her husband is
away droving and has left the house for months.
One day a snake appears and slithers under the house. As the
eldest son, Tommy tries to hit it with a big stick. The drovers wife tries
to tempt the snake out with some milk but is not successful. After a few
hours of waiting, she decides to take her children in. The weather is
not good and storm is coming. She did not take the children into the
house as she is afraid that the snake is hiding in the cracks of the
rough slab floor. Then, she decides to take them to the kitchen which
has earthen floor. She makes a bed on the kitchen table, gives them
supper puts them to bed.
Later, she waits for the snake to appear. Alligator is also with her.
While waiting she sews and reads in turns. She is afraid because a
little son of her brother-in law died of a snake bite. However, Alligator
stands guard, waiting for the snake. The dog hates snakes and is quite
good in killing them. The drovers wife feels lonely as she has few
visitors and misses the social life that she had when she was living in
town. To overcome her boredom, she dresses herself and her children,
and go for a walk every Sunday afternoon.
Soon it will be daylight. Alligator becomes tense when he senses
the snake coming out from the crack. Quickly, the dog tries to jump
onto the snake but the snake manages to escape. Alligator tries again
and this time, is successful in pulling out the five foot long black brute.
The drovers wife kills the snake with a stick and throws the mangled
snake into the fire. She allows her son and the dog to watch the snake
burn. Finally, she feels relieved and cries as the danger has gone.
Seeing his mother in tears, the son promises to stay by her side unlike
his drover father.

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QUESTIONS

1. What kind of person is Tommy?

..

2. What will the drovers wife do on a Sunday afternoon?

..

3. What is the name of the dog?

..

4, Why do you think the dog broke itself from its chain?

..

5. Why was the fire burning low at one or two oclock in the morning?

..

6. Would you like to have a pet like Alligator? Why?

..



7. Where is the drover?

..

8. Why does the brother-in-law kill one of the sheep?

..



9. Who is the drovers wife living with?

..



10. Where was the snake?

..



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4. THE SOUND MACHINE

SYNOPSIS











Klausner is a scientist who thinks that he has invented a machine
that can record sounds. One day, he was interrupted by his doctor who
came to check on him. The doctor was curious and skeptical about the
black box and wished him luck.
To test the machine, he took the box out to his garden. As he was
engrossed in his machine, he heard frightful, piercing shriek. He look
around and saw no one accept for the woman in the garden next door.
As she cut the roses with a pair of scissors, he heard a throatless
inhumane shriek that was clear and cold. He immediately rushed to his
neighbour and asked her to cut another rose. Mrs. Saunders wanted to
humour him and cut another as requested. Again, he heard the same
sound coming from the machine. So, he ran to Mrs. Saunders and
ordered her to stop as she was causing a lot of pain to the plant. On
his explanation, she ran back to house, terrified. To test the machine
further, he pulled out a small white daisy until the stem broke. He
heard a faint high pitch cry.
The next morning, Klausner went to the park with his machine and
an axe. He made a deep cut into the base of a trunk of a large tree.
Again, he heard a harsh noteless enormous noise that lasted for a
minute. Horrified, Klausner tried to cover the wound on tree while
apologising to it. He was upset and went home to call his friend, Dr.
Scott. It was early in the morning but he managed to persuade the
doctor to come to the park. In the park, the doctor was told to listen
carefully to the sound made by the tree as Klausner struck it again.
Unfortunately, the branch broke and fell onto the sound machine,
smashing it to pieces. Klausner asked the doctor whether he had
heard the sound made by the tree. The doctor was unsure as he
thought the sound was probably the branch breaking. Then, Klausner
asked the doctor to treat the cut in the tree trunk by applying iodine on
the two cuts. The doctor agreed to do so and Klausner was satisfied.
Then, he waved his axe and smiled a wild excited smile. This
behaviour made the doctor think that he was crazy and slowly, lead
him home.

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QUESTIONS

1. Describe briefly, the importance of the black box stated in the story.

..

..

2. Briefly describe the feelings of Mr Klausners friends and neighbours
towards him.

..

..

3. Briefly describe Mr Klausner relationship with Dr Scott.

..

4. Briefly Mrs Saunderss reaction to Mr Klausners invention.

..

5. If you were Klausners friend, would have believed in his invention?

..

6. Why did Klausner invent the sound machine?

..

7. Why do you think the doctor did what Klausner ask him to do?

..

8. Ill paint it with iodine, what does it refer to?

..

9. Why do you think Mrs Saunders wanted to make a dash for her
house?

..

10. What did Mrs Saunders think of Klausner?

..

..

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5. LOOKING FOR A RAIN GOD

SYNOPSIS


















There was a terrible seven years drought in Botswana. The air was
dry and there was no farming activity as there was no rain. However, a
little bit of rain came in early November with a promise of more to
come. It softens the earth and ploughing season begins. Mokgobja
and his family were the first to clear and plough their land. Having
done that, they waited for the crops to grow. Unfortunately, by mid
November, the rain stopped. The family waited in despair as it was
impossible to grow crops in a dry land. Only their children, Neo and
Boseyong were happy. They were role-playing the adults anger.
However the adults did not pay any attention to them as they were
preoccupied with their own problems. As the days went by, animals
were sold to buy food as they were still unable to work their land.
Every body was stressed and it was the women who broke down first.
Each night they started a weird, high pitch wailing, stamped their feet
and shouted like mad. The men were self-control but their nerves were
breaking too. Every one was terrified by the thought of starvation in
the coming years. In this tense moment, Mokgobja began to recall an
ancient ritual which could help to bring rain. He suggested offering the
children as sacrifice to the Rain God. First he convinced Ramani and
then both of them managed to convince the women. The children
were killed and their bodies were scattered over the land. However, the
rain still did not come. Mokgobja and his family were filled with terror
and sorrow as they returned to the village. The absence of the two
girls was noticed by the villagers but they told that the children died.
However, the villagers became suspicious and called the police.
During investigation, the mother broke down and confessed to the
crime. Mokgobja and his son Ramani were sentence to death for the
ritual killing.

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QUESTIONS

1. What was the ancient memory that Mokgobja remembered?

..



2. How long was the drought?

..

3. Why do you think that summer had become a bitter memory to live?

..

4. Describe the land during the drought.

..

..

5. Briefly describe what happened during the drought?

..

..

6. Briefly describe the relationship between the weather and the events
in the story

..

..



7. Briefly discuss how the livelihood of the villagers are controlled by the
forces of nature.

..

..

..





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8. Briefly discuss how one group becomes the sacrifice of the other.

..

..



9. Why do you think they were eating plain porridge without milk?

..



10. Why do you think the children were quite happy in their little girl world?

..



11. How would you describe the two women? (Tiro and Nesta)

..

..

..

12. What had happened to the two girls?

..



13. How did the villagers regard what had happened to the two girls?

..



14. When did the childrens mother break down?

..

15. What did they do to the bodies of the two girls?

..



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SECTION D

LITERATURE


NOVEL



THE PEARL





















Words are of course the most wonderful drug used by
mankind

- Rudyard Kipling -
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EXERCISE 1 (Comprehension Level)

Using the details from the novel that you have studied answer the following
questions.

Chapter One

1. Where did the story take place?

.

2. What song does Kino remember when he wakes up?

.

3. What race does Kino belong to?

.

4. Who is Kinos wife?

.

5. What is the daily breakfast of the native Mexican?

.

6. Describe the fishing village where Kino and his family live?

.

.

.

7. Which part of Coyotito did the scorpion sting?

.

8. What did Kino do when Coyotito was stung by the scorpion?

.

.






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9. Juana did a most surprising thing when Coyotito was stung by the
scorpion. Explain.

.

.

10. Why did the doctor refused to treat Coyotito?

.

11. What have you learnt about Kino and his family in Chapter 1?

.

.

.

12. What is your opinion of the doctor?

.

.


Chapter Two


1. What is the most valuable thing that Kino owns?

.

2. What does Juana apply on Coyotitos shoulder?

.

3. Name 3 objects that you see on the beach.

.

4. List 3 items you can see at the bottom of the sea.

.

.

.


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5. Describe the pearl found by Kino.

.

6. What does the Great Pearl symbolizes in chapter 2?

.

7. How does Kino maintain and keep his canoe?

.

8. Juana makes a poultice of seaweed and applies it to Coyotitos
shoulder. What does her action tell you about her character?

.

.

9. Juana looks at Coyotito and she cries out sharply. What causes her to
react in such a manner?

.

10. Kino uses 2 ropes when he is pearl diving. Explain how he uses them
.

.

.

Chapter Three

1. The town is compared to a colonial animal. What is the significance of
this comparison?

.

.

2. Identify groups of people who are interested in Kino and his Great
Pearl. Give reasons for their interest.

.

.

.

.
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3. How did the doctor respond when he heard of Kinos Great Pearl?

.

.

4. Kino looks into the Great Pearl and sees his dreams. List the dreams.
.

.

.

.

.

5. How does the doctor trick Kino into letting him treat Coyotito?

.

.

6. Describe Coyotitos condition an hour after he was given the white
powder.
.
.

.

7. What is the doctor real purpose in poisoning Coyotito?

.

8. List 3 negative effects after Kino found the pearl.

.

.

.

9. Describe the priests interest in Kinos Great Pearl.

.

.



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10. Describe in your own words how Kino is attacked that night.

.

.

.

.

Chapter 4

1. What is the news that is causing a lot of excitement in the town?

.

2. Who do the pearl buyers work for?

.

3. What is implied when the pearl buyer says This pearl is like fools
gold

.

4. How much did the first pearl buyer offer?

.

5. How many pearl buyers were there to inspect Kinos pearl?

.

6. What was the final offer for the pearl?

.

7. Explain the nature of the pearl trade in La Paz.

.

.

.

.

8. How did Kino react to the offer made by the pearl buyers?

.
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9. The priest told the people that the loss of the pearls is a punishment
from God because they went against the religion. Why do you think the
priest would make such a statement to these people?

.

.

.

10. No one shall take our good fortune from us. Who made this statement
and to whom it is said? What do these words indicate about the
speaker?

.

.

.

11. What was Juanas reaction in chapter 4?

.


Chapter Five

1. Why did Juana want to get rid of the pearl?

.

2. Do you sympathise with Juana? Why?

.



3. Why do you think Kino hit Juana?

.



4. Give 2 possible reasons why the dark ones burnt down Kinos house
.
i.

ii


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5. What did Kino mean when he said, This pearl has become my soul.
If I give it up I shall lose soul.

.

.

6. In your opinion, did the pearl make Kino a greedy and corrupted man.
Give reasons.

.

.

7. Describe some values shown by Juana.

.

.

.

8. Kino beats Juana brutally like an animal. How does Juana react to this
harsh treatment?

.

.

9. What happened to the attacker when Kino was attacked for the third
time?

.



10. To Juana, Kino is half-insane and half-god. Explain.

.

.

11. Who is the dead man beside Kino? How did he die?

.

.



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12. They have taken the pearl. I have lost it.The pearl is gone. Kino
thinks that he has lost his pearl. Who actually has his pearl at the time
and how does this person come by it?

.

.

13. When do Kino and his family flee La Paz?

.

14. In your opinion, what is the main conflict facing Kino at this point in
time. Explain.

.

.

15. In your opinion, will Kino succeed in his mission to sell the pearl?

.

.

Chapter Six

1. Where did Kino and Juana hide?

.

2. List the changes that Kino notices as he looks into the pearl.

.

.

3. Which has changed- the pearl or Kino? Why?

.

4. Why does Kino advise Juana to go ahead with the baby?

.

5. Why does Juana refuse to go ahead without Kino?

.


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6. Why does Kino offer Juana the pearl to be thrown away?

.

7. In the distance he could see three figures. Who are these men and
why did Kina think that they are following him?

.

.

8. Describe the three trackers in the story.

.

.

.

9. How does Juana change Kinos mind about giving himself up to the
trackers?

.

10. What is Kinos second plan?

.

11. Describe the killing scene in the mountain.

.

.

.

.

12. In your opinion, was Kino wise in attacking the trackers? Give reasons.

.

.

13. What happened to Coyotito in chapter 6?

.



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14. If you were Kino, would you throw away the pearl? Why?

.

.

.

15. In the end, the author presents a pretty picture of the pearl settled into
the lovely green water ..(pg 87). What do you think the author is
saying?

.

.

.

EXERCISE 2 (Exam Format)

Using the details from the novel that you have studied answer the following
questions.

1. Write about a character that you detest. Give textual evidence to
support your answer.


2. In your opinion, what is the main theme of the The Pearl.


3. What is the most important moral values learnt in the novel?


4. Identify a significant event in the novel and explain how it contribute to
the development of the plot. Use textual evidence to support your
answer.


5. What is the significance of the title to the novel?


6. Write about a theme that has taught you an important lesson. Give
textual evidence.


7. Identify a symbol that is present in the novel and discuss its
significance. Support with textual evidence.



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8. Life is full of hopes and dreams. Explain how this is highlighted in the
novel.


9. Choose an incident in the novel which changes the lives of the
characters. Elaborate with close reference to the text.


10. Explain some conflicts that the main character had to face. How did the
character cope?


11. Describe how the main character is a changed person in the end of the
novel. Support with textual evidence.


12. The main character in the novel is an ambitious person. Do you agree?
Provide your reasons based on textual evidence.


13. Greed is evil. How is it shown in the novel you have read.


14. Describe the element of greed in the characters with close reference to
the text.


15. Discuss the social setting or background of the novel. How has it
influenced the characters.


16. Compare and contrast two different characters in the novel with
reference to the text.


17. An important or significant event can change the main character. How
does this come across in the novel you have read?


18. What lesson about life did you learn from the novel?


19. Choose a message from the novel that you think is important to be
shared.


20. Which character in the novel would be a good role model? Give
reasons to support your answer with close reference to the text.


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ANSWER KEY

Poems

IF

1. Advices on how to live a good life.
2. A father.
3. The whole world.
4. Triumph and Disaster
5. Calm and sensible/ do not be angry easily
6. If you can keep your head when all about you
Are losing theirs and blaming it on you
7. hardworking, humble, patience, perseverance ( any two)
8. Work hard to achieve your ambition.
9. Be humble
10. Be patient and forgiving
11. Yes. To have a purpose or aim in life.
12. Do not moan or complain about your lose.
13. Any logical answer.

SONNET 18

1. love
2. a summers day
3. vibrant and beautiful season
4. death
5. you
6. beauty will fade
7. the summers beauty is short while his beloveds is eternal
8. the sun
9. Any logical answer
10. By reading the poem
11. the personas beloveds beauty
12. the poem
13. Any logical answers
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THE MOONSON HISTORY

1. Melaka/Malacca
2. 40 years ago
3. air and mattresses
4. white slugs/ silver fish/ snails/
5. snails
6. impatient/worry
7. antennae
8. respect the elders
9. Any logical answers
10. Any logical answers
11. Any logical answers
12. apparitions of smoke and fat while slugs. The air is wet and misty and
full of vapour that looks like slugs.
13. Baba and nyonya. Silver belt, wearing sarong, washing feet before
going to bed

SI TENGGANGS HOMECOMING

1. Returning home from a journey
2. A foreign country/abroad
3. A loyal teacher
4. The journey where he has to leave his country is hard and has
changed him
5. The personas journey and how his people receive him
6. The persona has become more knowledgeable and brave/open-
minded/etc
7. The journey has taught him many things without fail
8. Any logical answers
9. He is still a malay, the knowledge that he has gained is to be shared
with
10. alienated, predecisions, coarsened. The words describe how the
personas journey affect his people because of their beliefs that the
persona has changed.
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11. He has to work hard to obtain the knowledge
12. Any logical answers
13. He has changed from what he was before
14. Sceptical
15. Any logical answers

THE ROAD NOT TAKEN

1. Two
2. Making a decision/choice
3. One
4. A forest
5. Autumn
6. The road and hidden by the bushes
7. The road was not used by people.
8. Choices
9. Making the right decisions/ We must accept the consequences of our
choice.
10. Any logical answers
11. The second road. Then took the other, as just as fair,.
12. Any logical answers

THERES BEEN A DEATH IN THE OPPOSITE HOUSE

1. Life and death is a natural cycle.
2. Today and at the opposite house.
3. dead person.
4. To conduct the prayers and last rites for the deceased.
5. Any logical answers
6. Decorations and the hearse
7. The minister, doctor, milliner and the undertaker.
8. Solemnly and with authority
9. A boy
10. gloomy and sad atmosphere of the house.
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11. To pay their last respect.
12. He is in-charge of the funeral.
13. funeral procession.
14. house of the dead person
15. coffin.


SHORT STORIES

THE LOTUS EATER

1. Any logical answers
2. He bathe in the sea, go for walks, read books and play the piano and
patience.
3. To leave a comfortable life in the city and live in Capri.
4. Any logical answers
5. By buying an annuity.
6. By burning charcoal in his bedroom and inhaling the smoke.
7. The landlords wife.
8. He has no money to support himself.
9. Wilson has made a decision that no one has made before.
10. He becomes deranged./ he behaves like a wild animal.
11. He dies under a tree, overlooking the Bay of Naples in a moonlit night.
12. He plans to kill himself./ He plans to end his life.

THE NECKLACE

1. Any logical answers
2. Any logical answers
3. He loves Mathilde very because he is willing to scarify his money and
willing to work three jobs to pay the debts.
4. Mathilde is demanding and unhappy woman while Mr Loisel is very
simple man who is happy with his life.( Any logical answers)
5. Madame Forestier
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6. She wants to look like a rich person.
7. Everybody praises her beauty and she made many friends that night.
8. Sad/angry/devasted
9. Angry
10. Not everyone is invited to the ball.
11. She has the chance to be admired by the people at the ball.
12. Any logical answers.

THE DROVERS WIFE

1. Responsible
2. Dress up herself and her children and go for a walk as though doing
the block.
3. Alligator
4. To chase the snake
5. The firewood was almost burnt out.
6. Any logical answers
7. Out droving
8. For food
9. Her four children
10. In the large cracks in the wall.

THE SOUND MACHINE

1. Any logical answers
2. They think that he is a strange man.
3. Mr Klausner is Dr Scotts patient.
4. She is skeptical.
5. Any logical answers.
6. He is a scientist who likes to invent things./ He wants to listen to the
sound made by plants.
7. He was afraid of Klausner because he was holding an axe.
8. The cut on the beech tree.
9. She is afraid.
10. A man man.
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LOOKING FOR A RAIN GOD

1. An ancient ritual which could help to bring rain.
2. Seven years.
3. Any logical answers.
4. The land had dried up and it was impossible to grow crops.
5. The crops could not grow and the animals have to be sold to buy food.
6. The dry season causes the family to a drastic decision.
7. Any logical answers
8. The girls were killed to bring rain.
9. The animal could not produce milk or the animals which produced milk
are sold.
10. They are innocent and unaware of the hardship faced by the adults.
11. Impatient.
12. They were killed and their bodies were scattered on the land.
13. They considered it as a murder.
14. When they were questioned by the police.
15. The bodies were spread over the land.

NOVEL

THE PEARL

CHAPTER 1

1. La Paz
2. Song of the Family
3. Mexican-Indian
4. Juana
5. Corn cake
6. Any logical answers
7. On his shoulder.
8. He grabbed the scorpion, squashed it, threw it to the ground and
smashed it with his bare hand.
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9. She sucked out the poison from the wound without thinking of her
safety.
10. Kino was a Mexican-Indian who had no money.
11. They are a very loving and close-knit family who are willing to do
anything to save their son.
12. A greedy man who is more interested in money than doing his job.

CHAPTER 2

1. His canoe.
2. Poultice made of seaweeds.
3. Fiddler crabs, little lobsters and canoes.
4. Brown algae, green eel-grass and little sea horse.
5. A perfect round-shaped pearl which was as big as a seagulls egg.
6. Hope for a better future.
7. Refinished his canoe with hard shell-like plaster.
8. A clever, loving and caring mother.
9. She was surprised to see the swell on Coyotitos shoulder had receded
10. One rope is tied to a rock which is thrown into the sea to help him go
down faster. The other rope is tied to a basket.

CHAPTER 3

1. any logical answers
2. The priest to repair the church
The doctor- wants money to go to Paris
The beggar- will get more alms
The shopkeeper- to sell their old stock of clothes
The pearl buyer- to make a lot of profit if they are able to buy the pearl
cheap.
3. He said that he was treating Kinos son for the scorpion sting.
4. To marry Juana in church.
To buy new clothes for his family
To buy a rifle
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To buy a harpoon
To send Coyotito to school.
5. He said that Coyotitos eyes were blue because of the poison.
6. The baby face was flushed and his throat was working and a little thick
drool of saliva issued from his lips. The spasm of the stomach muscles
began and the baby was very sick.
7. To make Coyotito sick so that he can pretend to treat Coyotito as he
wanted to get money from Kino.
8. The doctor poison Coyotito.
Attacks on Kino.
Kino becomes greedy and defensive.
9. He wants to ask some money from Kino to help repair the church.
10. Any logical answers.

CHAPTER 4

1. Kino is going to sell the pearl.
2. They work for the same person.
3. It looks expensive but actually it is worthless.
4. 500 pesos
5. 4
6. 1500 pesos
7. The pearl buyers become the middlemen and monopolise the pearl
trade.
8. He was angry and felt cheated.
9. The priest wants the people to respect him and to control them.
10. Kino said this to Juana. He is determined to sell the pearl.
11. Juana advised Kino to throw the pearl back into the sea.

CHAPTER 5

1. She thought that the pearl brought evil.
2. Yes, because she has to face a lot of hardships.
3. Juana tries to throw the pearl back into the sea.
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4. To warn Kino.
They were angry because they could not find the pearl.
5. The pearl will fulfilled his dream and without it he will lose all his dream.
6. Any logical answers
7. Loyal, clever, patient, loving
8. She stared at Kino as though a sheep facing a butcher.
9. He killed the attacker.
10. Any logical answer.
11. The attacker. Kino slashed his throat.
12. Juana has the pearl. She found it by Kinos side as he lay unconscious
after the third attack.
13. Before dawn on the fourth day.
14. Any logical answer
15. Any logical answers


CHAPTER 6

1. Behind some bushes beside the road.
2. Instead of his dreams coming true, he saw all the incidents that had
happened to him and his family.
3. Kino. Any suitable reasons.
4. He wants to ensure that Juana is safe while he distract the trackers.
5. She wants to be with her husband although there would be trouble.
6. To acknowledge that Kino was right.
7. They were trackers who were trying to get the pearl from him.
8. They were trackers that could follow the trails of bighorn sheep like a
hound.
9. She said that the trackers will kill all of them to get the pearl.
10. To attack the trackers before sunrise as at daybreak the trackers might
see them.
11. Kino kill the first tracker with a knife and shot the other two trackers.
12. Any logical answers.
13. He was shot by a stray bullet.
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GRAMMAR

COMMON ERRORS




























What we have to learn to do,
we learn by doing.

- Aristotle -
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COMMON ERRORS IN ENGLISH


1. I was asked to spoke at the assembly yesterday.

Answer : to speak
Reason : After `to, the verb that follows should be in the basic
form









2. Rescue workers uses boats to help the people get to safety.

Answer : use
Reason : The subject is plural so the following verb does not
have an
`S. If the subject is singular, the following verb has
an `S

Girls - play Girl - plays
The men - work The man - works
Ali and Abu - jump Ali - jumps
The children sing The child - sings




3. Return back the books to the library by the end of this week

Answer : Return
Reason : The meaning is repeated. Return and back give the
same meaning.
.

Repeat ( again ) the sentence
They discussed ( about ) their work
They debated ( about ) the plan for one hour.







To played = to play
To saw = to see

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4. When the incident occur, I was in the house.

Answer : occurred
Reason : The sentence is in the past tense so the verb must
be in the past.











5. Ali is more cleverer than his brother.

Answer : cleverer
Reason : more is redundant.

Single
(adjective)
Comparative
(between two things)
Superlative
(among many)
Clever Cleverer than The cleverest
Fast Faster than The fastest
High Higher than The highest
Beautiful More beautiful than The most beautiful
Intelligent More intelligent than The most intelligent
Handsome More handsome The most handsome





6. I asked for a apple but I got an pear but a pear was juicy

Answer : an apple, a pear, the pear
Reason : a is used for words/nouns (singular) starting with
consonants (a hammer, a table, a ring)

An - is used for words/nouns (singular) starting with
vowels (an ink bottle, an open door)

The - is used for definite/ specific nouns






She went to school early yesterday morning.
My mother visited her sister in Pahang last
week.
During the major flood last month, all the
victims were evacuated to a higher place.

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7. The student asked he friend to accompany he to the library.

Answer : his friend, accompany him
Reason : should use the correct combination of pronouns
according to the sentence

COMBINATION OF PRONOUNS
I me mine Myself
you you yours Yourself
he him his Himself
she her hers Herself
we us ours Ourselves
they them theirs Themselves
it it its Itself





8. Although he is strong but he is scared.

Answer : Omit the word but
Reason : If although is used, the word but need not be used
and vice versa.













9. She lives at Jerantut, Pahang .

He lives in No 1, Jalan Hang Tuah.

Answer : lives in Jerantut, lives at No. 1...
Reason : in for a general place, at for a specific place




a) Although it was raining, he went out to play.
b) It was raining but he went out to play.
c) Even though she studied hard for the exam,
she was not able to achieve an A
d) She studied hard for the exam but she was
not able to achieve an A.

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Other confusing pairs of words.

a) Since ( for specific time ) for ( for quantity/amount )
I have lived there since 1997. I have been there for 12 years.

b) Arguing with ( person ), arguing about/over ( issue )
They are arguing about the topic given for the debate.
They are arguing with the members of their team.

c) By ( using transport ) on ( using foot )
We go to school by bus.
Some of my classmates go to school on foot.



10. Misused pairs of words

a. affect, effect
* Late nights always affect the health of students. (causes)
* The medicine has no side effects. (the result)

b. advice, advise
* John advised his brother not to smoke. (verb)
* He turned a deaf ear to Johns advice. (noun)

c. stationery , stationary
* You can get your stationery from the shop.(noun)
* The cyclist banged into a stationary van. (adjective)

d. interested, interesting
* We are interested in the cheap sale. (describes feelings)
* The book was interesting and entertaining.
(describes objects )

e. relieve, relief
* We need another worker to relieve us. (verb)
* It is a relief to know that everyone is safe and sound
(noun)












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EXERCISES IN GRAMMAR


Read the passage below and correct the errors.

1 At the time of the incident, Kamala is playing outside her house. There
was a big trees near by. Suddenly, a monkey climb down the tree and
attacked the girls fiercely. It scratched her all over. Kamala cries and
called her, mother that was in the kitchen at that moment. When Mrs. Rani
heard the scream, she rushed for her aid. As soon as a monkey saw Mrs.
Rani coming, its ran to the tree. With the help of hers neighbour, Mrs. Rani
take her to the hospital. She was give about thirty stitches and warded.

Answer:

.

.

.

.






2 My new school is actually quiet small. There is six six blocks of buildings
and a field spread out at a rectangular peace of land. As you enter the
school gate, you will saw a football field in your left. There are also two
block of single-storey buildings. The first block was Industrial Arts
workshop and the second block has three science laboratory. A land
between these two blocks is use by the Agricultural Science students for
growing vegetables, plants and also for raring chickens.

Answer:

.

.

.

.





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3 Malaria is spread with a kind of mosquito called Anopheles. People that
suffer from malaria usually have fever. The body temperature can rose to
about 40 C and they will sweat profusely. A patient may have several
headaches and vomit. The fever is usually intermediate. This mean that
the patient can have fever one day followed by one or two day without
fever. He may develop fever again at the third or forth day. A doctor can
detect if a patients has malaria by conducting a special bood test.

Answer:

.

.

.

.








4 On my opinion, town life is more better than country life. Town schools is
better equipped then schools in the rural areas. Their are public libraries
in most towns for the school children. The towns also has better forms of
entertainment. Live is more exciting. In contrast, the countryside is quite
and monotonous, especially night. A towns also have better transportation
system. Shopping are fun and convenient. Essential services like banking,
banking and medical is readily \ available. There are also more job
opportunity in towns

Answer:

.

.

.

.







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5 A very good evening to all my fellow students. As you know, we were here
this evening for a very special event. Ali will be leave Canada tomorrow. I
am sure you will agree that she has contributed a lot in our school. He is
the backbone of our schools football team. We want he to know that we
will miss him dearly. We would always remember him with fondness and
hopes he will keep in touch with us. We also hope that he will come back
to Malaysia for visit.

Answer:

.

.

.

.













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Tenses - Present



















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Tenses - Past



























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