Jamnapari Goat

Jamnapari (or Jamunapari) is a breed of goat originating from Indian subcontinent. Since 1953 they have
been imported to Indonesia (popular as Etawa goat, and its mixture with a local goat called "PE",
Peranakan Etawa or Etawa mix) where they have been a great success. It is bred for both milk and meat.
The name is derived from the rivers Yamuna, Jamuna (West Bengal) and Jamuna (Bangladesh) of India
and Bangladesh.

This breed is one of the ancestors of the American Nubian.

In India there were an estimated 580,000 of the breed in the 1972 census, although less than 5000 were
thought to be purebred.

There is a large variation in color but the typical Jamnapari is white with patches of tan on the neck and
head. Their heads tend to have a highly convex nose, which gives them a parrot-like appearance. They
have long flat drooping ears which are around 25 cm long. Both sexes have horns. The udder has round,
conical teats and is well developed. They also have unusually long legs.

The Jamnapari male can weigh up to 120 kg, while females can reach around 90 kg.

The average lactation yield per day has been found to be slightly less than two kilograms. Jamnapari
meat is said to be low in cholesterol.

During the winter they will spend more than 90% of their time grazing, although this falls to around 55% in
the hot Indian summer. The breed browses on bushes, tree leaves and the top of grasses rather than
typical ground grazing.

Rates of conception are high, nearly 90%. Triplets and quadruplets are common. The average age of first
conception is 18 months.

Barbari Goat



The breed is a promising dairy type goat which has probably originated in the city of Barbera in British
Somali land in East Africa. In India the breed is distributed at Etawah, Agra, Mathura and Aligarh districts
of U.P. and Bharatpur district of Rajasthan. In addition to being a good milkier it is highly prolific and
generally give birth to twin and triplets. It is dwarf breed highly suited for stall-feeding conditions and
hence generally found in the cities.

Adult Male is 40 kg and adult female is of 24 Kg.

Small animals with compact body. Where is wide variation in coat color, but white with small light brown
patches is most common. Ears are short, tubular and erect. Both sexes have twisted horns, medium in
length and directed upward and backward. Bucks have a large thick beard.

Daily milk yield average about 750 ml to 1000 ml. Average lactation may be 130-200 kgs of milk in a
lactation length of 150 days with a fat percentage of about 5.
It may kid twice in a period of 12-15 months. Litter size' single 25%, twins 65%, and triplets 10%.

Goat information


The domestication of animals was carried out during Neolithic times along with the cultivation of cereals.
First goats and sheep, second cattle and pigs, and finally draft animals such as horses and asses were
domesticated.

The wild goat (Capra hircus), the chief ancestral stock from which the various breeds of domestic goats
have been derived, is found in the barren hills of Baluchistan and the western Sind. In northeast Quetta, it
is replaced by markhor (capra falconeri), also found in Turkestan, Afghanistan, Baluchistan and Kashmir.
The Circassian goat is said to be the descendent of the markhor. By far the most important variety is the
bezoar goat (Capra hircus aegagrus), which ranges from the Sind in the east through Iran and Asia Minor
to Crete and the Cyclades in the west, although in many parts of this area it has disappeared. From Iran it
extends into Russian Turkestan and the Caucasus, and into western Asia Minor.

The goat was the earliest ruminant to be domesticated. The Harappa toys contain representations of a
goat. Two seals from Mohanjo-daro show a wild bezoar goat with enormous curled horns, and a bearded
domestic male goat with side-spreading horns. The Gaddi goat, which greatly resembles the ancestral
wild goat, was used as a beast of burden in the mountains and is still used in the Himalayan region of
India for carrying salt and food grains.

Indian goat breeds


There are about 19 well defined Indian breeds apart from a number of local non-descript goats scattered
throughout the country. The breeds are classified based on their locations.
Himalayan - Region (Hilly tract)This region comprises the states of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh
and parts of Uttar Pradesh.

Himalayan breed: The goats of this breed are white haired and sturdily built. The breed is also known as
gaddi, jamba, kashmiri according to their localities where they are reared. They inhabit kangra and kulu
valleys, chamba, sirmur and Simla in Himachal pradesh and parts ofJammu hills. Castrated bucks are
used for transporting merchandise in the hilly tracts.
Pashmina: These are small dainty animals with quick movements. They are raised above 3400 m
elevations in the Himalayas, Ladakh and Lahaul and spiti valleys. They produce the softest and warmest
animal fibre used for high quality fabrics. The yield of pashmina varies from 75-150 g/goat.
Chegu: This breed is found in the mountainous range of spiti, yaksar and Kashmir. The goats of this
breed yield of pashmina, good meat and a small quantity of milk.

Northern Region: The states which comes under the region are Punjab, Haryana and parts of Uttar
Pradesh. The important milch breeds of goats are distributed in this region only.

Jamnunapari: Native of Etawah district of Uttar Pradesh. These are large sized, tall, leggy with large
folded pendulous ears and prominent Roman nose. They carry long and thick hair on their hind quarters
and has a glossy goat. Horns are short flat. The body weight of adult bucks and does varies from 65 to 86
kg and 45-61 respectively. The average daily milk yield in 2.25 to 2.7 kg. The milk yield in a lactation
period of, 250 days varies from 250 - 300 kg with 3.5 percent fat content. The Jamunapari goats have
been used for evolving the famous Anglo -Nubian breed of goats in England.

Beetal: Mainly found in Punjab and this breed is evolved from Jamunapari breed. Color is red and tan,
heavily spotted on white. Bucks weight 65 - 86 kg does weight 45-61 kg does yield about 1 kg milk daily,
bucks may have a beard.

Barbari: This breed is found in Etawah, Etah, Agra and Mathura districts of U.P, kamal, Paniphat and
Rothak in Hariyana, color varies with white, red and tan sports being common. These are small and short
haired, with erect horns. Adult buck weighs from 36 - 45 kg and the doe from 27 -36 kg. They are usually
stall fed and yield 0.90 to 1.25 kg of milk (fat 5%) per day in a lactation period of 108 days. They are
prolific breeders and usually kid twice in 12 -15 months. This breed is highly fit for intensive rearing.

Central region: This region includes Rajasthan, Madya pradesh, Gujarat and northern parts of
Maharastra, Marwari, Mehsana and Zalwadi. They are derived from Jamunapari breed. Commonly found
in Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhypradesh. These breeds comes in different color combinations. They
yield between 0.75 -1 kg of milk per day.

Berari: found in Nagpur and wardha district of Maharastra and Ninar district of Madhya Pradesh. These
are tall and dark colored breeds. Doe yields about 0.6 kg of milk per day.

Kathiiawari: This breed is native of Kutch, Northern Gujarat and Rajasthan. The goats have black coat
with reddish color marks on the neck. The doe yields about 1.25 k.g of milk per day.

Southern region: The states under these region include parts of Maharastra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh,
Tamil Nadu and Kerala.

Surti: Surti goats resemble Berari goats and possess white, short legs. Surti is popular in Bombay, Nasik
and Surat. Does are good milk producers yielding 2.25 kg per day.

Deccania or Osmanabadi: These have originated from a mixture of the goats of the plains. They are
black, mixtures of white and black or red are also found. The milk yield is 1.4 to 2.25 kg per day.
Malarbar (or) Tellicherry: found in Northern Kerala

GBRI: This is a mixture of two more type of goats. The color is not uniform and may vary from black to
white. The milk yield in is 0.9 to 2.8 kg/day.

Eastern Region: This region consists of West Bengal, Assam, Tripura, Orissa and Part of Bihar.

Bengal: The goats of this breed are found in 3 colours viz. Black, Brown and White. They are small short
breeds. The meat of this breed is of superior quality. Bucks weigh 14-16 kg and nannies 9-14 kg. Does
kids twice in a year, twins are common. The skin of Bengal goats are of excellent quality and is in great
demand in India and abroad in foot-wear industry.

Assam Hilly breed: These are smaller dwarf breeds of goats found in the hilly tract of Assam and other
eastern states.

Exotic Breeds: The principal exotic dairy breeds of goats are Toggenberg, Sannen, French Alpine and
Nubian. They are all noted for their higher milk yield and most of these breed, were imported to India to
improve milk yield of our local breeds and to upgrade our non descript goats.

Toggenberg: it is originated in the Toggenberg valley in north Switzerland. Skin is very soft and pliable.
Usually both male and female are hornless. The adult doe weights 65 kg or more and the bucks more
than 80 kg. Average milk production is 5.5 kg per day. The butter fat content of milk 3-4 percent. The
male usually has longer hair than females.

Sannen: Native of Sannen valley of Switzerland noted for its consistency and high production. Color is
white or light cream. The face may be slightly dished and the ears point upward and forward. Both sexes
are normally polled but sometimes horns do appear. Does weight 65 kg and the bucks 95 kg. Average
milk yield is 2 - 5 kg per day during a lactation period of 8 -10 months. Milk fat 3 - 5%.

Alpine: This breed was originated in Alps mountains. It was derived from French, Swiss and Rock Alpine
breeds. No distinct color has been established. Excellent milkers and they have horns. Average milk yield
is 2 - 3 kg with buffer fat of 3 -4%.

Nubian: Originated in Nubia of North eastern Africa. Also found in Ethiopia and Egypt. It is a long legged
and hardy animal. This breed along with Jamunapari of India together with native breeds of U.K. formed
the cross bred Anglo Nubian breed of goat.

Anglo Nubian: It is a big animal with a fine skin and glossy coat, -pendulous ears and Roman nose.
Anglo Nubian is known as the Jersey cow of the goat world. Udder is large and pendulous with bigger
teats. There is no fixed color. Bucks weight 65 - 80 kg and does from 50 -60 kg. Average milk yield in 3 -
4 kg/day. Peak yield may even go up to 6.5 kg or more.

Angora: Originated in Turkey or Asia Minor. It produces a superior quality fiber called mohair. The soft
silky hairs cover the white body. If not shorn during spring the fleece drops off naturally as summer
approaches. Average fleece yield is 1.2 kg. Good animals yields even up to 6 kg. The Angora is small in
size with shorter legs. Horns are grey, spirally twisted and inclined backward and outward. Tail is short
and erect.
Conformation of a good milch goat: The general features of a good milkch goat are

1. Head: Long with medium width prominent muzzle and nostrils. Head in the does should be well
carried with feminine appearance.
2. Eyes: Should be large and bright, set well apart indicating docility.
3. Neck and shoulders: Neck should be long and slim with the tossels if present evenly hung.
Withers and shoulders should be fine in appearance and connect the neck. with the body with '
litter break in continuity.
4. Chest: Should be of good width and smooth.
5. Forelegs: Should be straight and strong.
6. Feet: Animal should stand well on its legs without the tendency to turn toes or walk on heels.
7. Body: Good depth is an important feature. The back should be level from the shoulders to the
hips and then drop slightly at the tail region. Excessive dip in the back is undesirable.
8. Higher length from the head to tail is a desirable factor
9. Ribs: The ribs should be well sprung so as to give a barrel, effect. Flat sides are a common fault.
The abdomen should not be protruding beyond the width of the ribs
10. Hind quarters: There should be sufficient width across the hips and the rump and between the pin
bones and the hocks. The hind legs should face straight forward and not outward.
11. Hind legs: Bones of hind legs should give a appearance of strength with hocks slightly bent
Pastern should be short and its joint should not show signs of weakness.
12. Udder and teats: Size large and proportional to the size of the goat should be carried well under
the body. When viewed from the side it should be in front of the hind legs. Texture should be soft
and pliable. The udder should collapse after milking. Milk teats and ducts should be free from any
lumps. Teats should be of moderate length 'and of convenient size for easy milking. The milk
veins should be large and prominent under the belly.
13. Skin and hair: The skin should be soft, supple and loose. The coat should be glossy with fine
short hair.
Goats are one of the earliest discoveries of mankind in prehistoric times as ready and easy source of
meat. Whether in cold arid up hills, or hot arid deserts, or hilly tracts of mountains or ravines constituted of
leached soil, goats have survived and sustained the poor people. The present worldwide distribution of
goats shows that the numbers of milch type goats are more in the temperate zone and dual type or meat
type goats are primarily located in the sub-tropical and tropical Asian and African countries.

The goat belongs to the family Bovidae (hollow-horned ruminants) and is the member of the genus
Capra. Domesticated goats (C. hircus) are descendants of the pasang (C. aegagrus), represented in
Europe by the Cretan and Cyclades races. the East was probably their original home, the earliest
recorded being the Persian race.

(Source: Dr.C. Paul Princely Rajkumar, AC&RI, Madurai)

Boer Goat

Also Known by: Africander, Afrikaner, South African common goat.

The Boer is an improved indigenous breed with some infusion of European, Angora and Indian goat
breeding many years ago.

Several researchers agree that the indigenous populations were probably from the Namaqua Hottentots
and from southward migrating Bantu tribes. The name is derived from the Dutch word "boer" meaning
farmer and was probably used to distinguish the native goats from the Angora goats which were imported
into South Africa during the 19th century. The present day Boer goat appeared in the early 1900's when
ranchers in the Easter Cape Province started selecting for a meat type goat.

The South African registry was established in 1959. Since 1970 the Boer goat has been incorporated into
the National Mutton Sheep and Goat Performance Testing Scheme making it the first goat breed involved
in meat production performance testing.

The Boer goat is primarily a meat goat with several adaptations to the region in which it was developed. It
is a horned breed with lop ears and showing a variety of color patterns. The Boer goat is being used very
effectively in South Africa in combination with cattle due to its browsing ability and limited impact on the
grass cover. Producing weaning rates in excess of 160% the Boer goat doe is a low maintenance animal
that has sufficient milk to rear a kid that is early maturing. The mature Boer Goat ram weighs between
110-135 kg (~240-300 lbs) and ewes between 90 and 100 kg (~200-225 lbs).

Performance records for this breed indicate exceptional individuals are capable of average daily gains
over 0.44 lb/day (200 g/day) in feedlot. More standard performance would be 0.3-0.4 lbs/day (150-170
g/day). The ovulation rate for Boer goats ranges from 1 to 4 eggs/doe with an average of 1.7. A kidding
rate of 200% is common for this breed. Puberty is reached early, ususally about 6 months for the males
and 10-12 months for the females. The Boer goat also has an extended breeding season making possible
3 kiddings every 2 years.

Source:

Start a rabbit farm in West Bengal

Rabbit in West Bengal

West Bengal is known for food loving Bengalis who relish different kinds of Fishes and meats. Rabbit
meat is delicious and keeps people healthy. Our aim is to publicise rabbit meat in West Bengal too.
Mostly rabbit meat is being processed in the southern part of India and exported to different countries of
the world. Due to non availability of rabbit meat in this state people do not take it regularly. But on very
special occasions like picnic parties people prefer to search for rabbit meat also. Packed rabbit meat is
sold by big shopping malls in Kolkata. Market is here. Demand is here.

In West Bengal we are starting a farm for middle sized rabbit weighing 3-4 Kg. Our Farm is situated in the
international Indo-Bangaldesh border. People can see the beauty of this area if they are reaching for a
farm visit. But they are requested to take their Identity cards positively as Border Security Force will ask
you about your identity and the purpose of visit. If the visitors are coming by their own vehicle they will
have to travel by the IBBR or Indo Bangla Border Road. This will be a lifetime experience for the visitors
in our farm.

We are starting a rabbit farm which is unique in West Bengal. The meat lovers and the food lovers will
definitely get an alternative choice to prepare their dishes more deliciously. Eat a low cholesterol and high
protein juicy meat. Eat rabbit meat. Keep yourself healthier than other.

Contact address:
Bengal Farmer, Vill: Nafarchandrapur, PO: Betai, District: Nadia, West Bengal
Mob: 09334433304 (Bihar), 09874782275 (West Bengal)

People are requested to visit our farm from 20 April 2014.

Few points to remember for rabbit farmers

Photo from Kenyan rabbitry

10 points which always should be in mind of a rabbit farmer:
1. Cleanliness is the ultimate objective for a rabbit farm. Ensure adequate facility for clean water,
clean air, electricity, approach road, supply of breeding stock, placement of fattening stock, feed,
green fodders and veterinary aid.
2. For small size rabbit farm, hutch system may be adopted which is a self contained cage-cum-nest
box with its own roof. In case of larger farms cages may be arranged inside the sheds in single or
two tiers under hanging or step wise rack system.
3. Provide adequate floor space per rabbit.
4. Rabbitry roofing should be preferably of asbestos, wood, thatch, tiles or other locally available
cheaper materials.
5. Construct sheds in such a way that predators and birds do not enter the shed. In case of open
hutches proper fencing should be provided to protect the rabbits from their predators. Take an
extra caution to prevent snake invasion in the rabbitry.
6. Construct rat proof civil structures for feed and wool storage.
7. Keep the sheds and pens clean by regular cleaning and disinfection to make it free from flies,
mosquitoes and other insects. A foot dip should be maintained at the entrance of the sheds to
make the rabbitry free from contageneous germs. Rabbit cages should be cleaned regularly,
especially disinfected before kindling.
8. During kindling period cage/hutch nest box should be kept clean so that kits are bit infected by
the diseases like coccidia.
9. Feeders and waterers should be cleaned regularly and mash feed should be removed from the
feeders which can be used for feeding other livestock species.
10. Watch your rabbitry daily. Watch every breeding rabbits to identify any abnormal behavior of the
rabbits. Read the disease manual and keep consultation with a veterinary doctor who has
specialization on rabbits.






German Shepherd


The German Shepherd Dog breed was originally found on German farms. Its type was standardized in
the 1890s by a German cavalry officer, StephCapt. Max Von anitz, whose aim was to perfect a superior
herding dog of elegant appearance.

The breed was first imported to North America early in the 1900s and got its biggest boost in popularity
after World War I, largely because of the screen exploits of Rin Tin Tin.

The German Shepherd Dog has a double coat; with a dense outer coat and a downy undercoat. The
breed has three types of coats: rough-coated, long rough-coated and long-haired. Their colors are usually
black-and-tan "saddle." Black, black and silver, and black and red are also acceptable. Males measure 24
to 26 inches in height at the shoulder, and females measure 22 to 24 inches in height at the shoulder.
Both genders weights range from 75 to 80 pounds.

The German Shepherd dog is intelligent and easy to train. The breeds life expectancy is about 10 to 12
years. Its coat sheds heavily, so it requires daily to weekly brushing.