LCD

MULTIMETER

FOR YOUR SHACK
MEASUREMENT U, I, P, Ah




FOR GREEN ENERGY -
WIND TURBINE, SOLAR PANELS
MEASUREMENT U, I, P, Ah, kWh



www.sp2dmb.cba.pl sp2dmb@gmail.com


MULTIMETER - ATMEGA8
Piotr Bryl SP2DMB www.sp2dmb.cba.pl sp2dmb@gmail.com


Measurement:
U, I, P, Ah U, I, P, Ah, kWh
for Hams shack - to wind turbine, solar panels




PARAMETERS:

- voltage 30V (50Vmax), resolution 0,05V
- current version - current 25A, res. +/- 0,1A
3A, res. +/- 0,01A - power 750W max, res. 1W
8A, res. +/-0,02A - 999Ah, res. 0,1Ah
25A, res. +/- 0,1A - 999kWh, res. 0,1kWh
- power 750W max, res. 0,1W
- 99Ah, res. 0,001Ah


This project is for the construction of a simple multimeter with ATMEGA8
microprocessor . In addition on the board there is a place for the temperature sensor
DS18B20.
PCB allows the construction of a meter to measure voltage, current, power, amp
hours, kilowatt hours and the temperature. In addition, the plate pins are available that
can be used to control such relays buttons.

PCB is ideal for your own projects and learn programming processors !


The construction is traditional THT. Dimensions: 80x50mm. The PCB is one-
sided, plated with solder mask and component assembly drawing.




DESCRIPTION

1 Power supply

Power supply of multimeter is on the 7805 controller based (TO220) This is
because of the fact that the maximum voltage supplied system, can be up to 35V.
At the beginning of the track is a 1N4148 diode, which protects the system against
reverse connection of power supply. The minimum supply voltage is 8V.
A tile can be supplied in two ways. With an external power supply, the switch SW1
is in position 1 The second way is to capture the power supply voltage source
device - the so-called. Common power.
SW1 is then in position 2 For measurements below 7.5 V, use an external power
supply (item 1 SW1)

2 Processor

The meter uses the processor ATMEGA8-16PU. It works together with external
8MHz quartz. On the board are additional pins that are used for programming (1-
RST, 7 - 5 V, 17-MOSI, MISO 18-19-SCK, minus the weight). Available pins are:
PD0, PD1, PC5, PC4, PC3 and PC2.
The reference voltage is 5V and is applied to the CPU by 100uH choke.
The processor is mounted on the stand DIL28.
Setting the fuse bits: CKSEL: 1111:1111, 0CKOPT: 0

3 Display

Used typical LCD display 2x16 characters. This amount is sufficient to show the
various types of measured values. The display device driver must be compatible
with the HD44780. The diagram given for the design, configuration pins to display.
Resistor R10 limits the current supplied to the display backlighting. Potentiometer
P3 - 10k set the contrast. Before connecting the power to set the slider in the
middle. After connecting to adjust in order to obtain a clear view characters.
Display dimensions: 80 x 36mm.

4 Voltage measurement.

Measured voltage reaches the divider R3, P2, R4. Helipot type potentiometer is
used to adjust the voltage value displayed properly. For calibration, use a another
digital meter. The displayed value should be the same on both gauges.
To processor can not be provided a voltage higher than 5V. Therefore, in the
voltage measurement circuit is diode Zener 5V1 which cuts voltage greater than
this value. It follows that, we can do measurement with this resistor divider to 50V.
However, in this case supply of the multimeter by switch SW1 position 2 is
prohibited because to stabilizer will come in voltage greater than 35V!
The measured voltage goes to the ADC input - 23 pin.

5 Current measurement

Here is applied technical method, that is measurement voltage on the resistor,
through which current flows . I= U/R
The measurement is taken at the track ground power unit.
Measuring Resistors R11 and R12 are soldered SMD and are from the paths
(dotted line in the diagram assembly).
The voltage drop is given by the resistor R6 to the input of operational amplifier
LM358 or MCP607. Amplification is in the range G = 6 to 15. Amplified tension
goes to the ADC input processor PC1 - pin 24

6 Schematic diagram of the MULTIMETER



7 Installation diagram:



* - current version


8 Connect the multimeter to the power measurement.

The measured voltage and current connected from the tracks. In the picture above
you will find connecting pads - dotted line (they are from the bottom).
+ INP - plus here is connected with the power supply. It passes through the fuse
F1 to the + OUT and then to the receiver
-INP - that we give less of power - it is the weight.
-OUT - output minus the power supply to the receiver

In the case of engine power, there may be interference with the microprocessor.

9 Temperature measurement

Measurement of temperature is possible. At the bottom of the left side (see
installation diagram) are goldpins to connect the sensor DS18B20.
The signal should be given to the free port of the microprocessor. You can use
another sensor, but you should pay attention to the correct connection of power
supply and signal output.


INSTALLATION NOTES

Due to the low power consumption by MULTIMETER, 7805 Stabilizer does not
require refrigeration.
Electrolyte C3 - 100uF mounted in a horizontal position.
On the assembly scheme shown in broken lines potentiometer P1. If we do not
have it in the version of the 3296X (the knob on the side), you can solder the
3296W version. The pins should be bend 90 degrees and mounted horizontally.
Over the processor's patch. It provides a 5V voltage operational amplifier and
illumination matrix.
For IC is best to use the stand. This will facilitate their removal in case of damage.
Display combine with a PCB with a connector HEADER 1x16 - plug + socket. In
addition, we combine the four screws from the display board. In addition, we use
spacers 12mm in length. The protruding screw (for display) fix another sleeve with
internal threads M3 with a length of 6-8mm. The bush will allow us to install the
meter to the chassis.
For power, access to inputs microprocessor and sensor are used connectors type
goldpin.
The executed model is using car fuse. Female connectors soldered to the board.
These pads + + INP and OUT. Connectors must be cut off and put a fuse. Then
soldered to the board.

ACCURACY OF MEASUREMENTS

Accuracy is dependent on the applied processor and an operational amplifier and
a resistor.

PROCESSOR - like any AVR shows errors in the calculation and the writing of the
program should be taken into account. When testing the finished appliance make
adjustments in the program. The applied reference voltage on the meter
measurement resolution imposed on us.

1024bit = 5V, which gives 0.0048 V / bit

AMP - current measurement

Can be successfully used the popular LM358. But we must remember that he is
saddled with a large offset at the start sheet. What does that mean? If we measure
the very small voltage, they will not be equally amplified. The output voltage is not
adequate to set the gain. Practice shows that the linear LM358 begins work on
ok.10mV at the amplifier input. So the voltage below 10mV amplified e.g 10 times
do not show the correct value.
Moreover, the power amplifier 5V, it can be strengthened voltage to a maximum of
3.6 V. This means that the maximum input voltage is 0.36 V. The calculations
assume 3V.
Non-linearity of the amplifier can be avoided in two ways. Programmatically - use if
an amendment to the output voltage of the amplifier and hardware.
The measurement accuracy of the block affects the final result, not only the
displayed power, but the power supplied and taken ampere!

Correction of hardware.

Building a measure we must assume its scope. Operational amplifier works
measuring resistor R11 (R12).
Below is an example of how to correctly choose the desired input range span and
thus maximize accuracy (resolution ADC when VREF = 5V).



Assumptions:
Current measurement up to 3A.
Maximum input voltage to 0.3 V amplifier (Uwyj. = 3V, G = 10)

From Ohm's Law:

U = R x I

R = V / I is R = 0.1 ohm

Power resistor is: P = R x I ^ 2 P = 0.1 x 9 = 0.9 W

Heat emission affects the accuracy of measurement and we need to ensure stable
operation of the resistor. For this purpose, the resistor must be used more
powerful. Available in SMD are 3D and so you must use the meter.

The amplifier MCP607 is an order of magnitude better performance and works well
with smaller input voltages.

However, you must always seek to maximize the resolution of the ADC in
ATMEGA8.

NOTES FOR PROGRAMMING

The following listing must include a written program. It contained herein LCD
control configuration used on the board:

Config Lcd = 16 * 2

Config Lcdpin = Pin = Portd.5 DB4, DB5 = Portd.6, DB6 = Portd.7, Db7 =
PORTB.0, E = Portd.3, Rs = PORTD.2

Video on You Tube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EW20V_z7s38

ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS

An integral part of the meter is ATMEGA8 processor and LM358 operational
amplifier. The program in the processor is configured to proper amplifier.

Installation and commissioning

Installation of the unit, perform the installation diagram. Before inserting the chip
stand and display, connect voltage to goldpins "Plus" and "Minus". Scope of
supply: 7.5 - 30V with respect to ground.
Contacts SW1, normally are set to supply additional external.
Check the voltage on leg 7 ATMEGA-i and leg 8 - operational amplifier. It should
be about 5V.
Disconnect voltage and load integrated circuits as terminals. Replace the display.
Reconnect the tension.
Potentiometer P3 - 10k set the contrast of the display.
Connect the voltage source, which will be measured. The display will show the
voltage "U".
Another measure we measure the voltage source. Display on the meter to adjust
the potentiometer P2 - helipot.
No-load current indication should be 0.00 A. Potentiometer P1 - helipot (under the
display) to adjust the indication to that value.
The exact adjustment of current measurement proceed as follows.
The output meter connected in series: a light bulb and an ammeter.
We make an adjustment potentiometer P2 current indications. They must be the
same on LCD 2x16 and the ammeter.
Top adjustment made in the mid range. For example, 3A range - Adjustable at 1.5
A, the range 8A - adjustable to 4A, etc.
Due to the non-linearity of the CPU (resolution) and the amplifier display may have
slight variations in readings.
Precise setting voltage and current readings is essential for the indication of
measuring power supplied and the number of ampere-hours taken by the receiver.

Reversing the test voltage can damage the system!
Use a fuse appropriate for the range!

The display is mounted on the spacer sleeves. Internal threaded bushings, provide
a simple way for the installation of such a power supply or charger.


Ready MULTIMETER (size: 80x50x27mm)



VIDEO on YouTube:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQj8jljOMqs&feature=em-upload_owner


















For DC power supply:



For wind turbine, solar panels:


If You need ! sp2dmb@gmail.com


Component list


C1,C2,C7,C8,C9,
C10,C11,C12,
C13,C14 = 10 x 100n
C3,C4 = 2 x 100
C5,C6 = 2 x 33p

D1 = 1 x 1N4148
D2 = 1 x 5,1V


IC1 = 1 x ATMEGA8
DIL-28 = 1 x
Goldpin = 11 x 1

L1 = 1 x 100H
F goldpin = 16 x 1
M goldpin = 16 x 1

LCD 16*2 HD44780= 1 x

P1 helip. = 1 x 10k
P2 helip. = 1 x 5k
P3 trim. = 1 x 10K

Q = 1 x 8MHz

R2 = 1 x 6,8k
R4 = 1 x 8,2k
R8 = 1 x 1k
R9 = 1 x 27K
R10 = 1 x 510
R13 = 1 x 10k
R14 = 1 x 4,7k
R1,R3 = 2 x 100k
R11,R12 = 2 x *see documentation
R5,R6,R7 = 3 x 47k

SW1 = 1 x 1 UM
Goldpin = 3 x 1

T sensor1* = 1 x DS18B20 - option
Goldpin = 4 x 1

U1 = 1 x LM358, MCP607
DIL8 = 1 x

VR1 = 1 x 7805
Goldpin. = 2 x 1