Invention

Patent certificate

No. 1963


Name of Invention: Chemical Degumming Technology of Hemp
Inventors: Zhang Daochen, Wang Zhide, Yang Fudong, Li Wendong, Liu Changdong,
Liu Yunzbu, Teng Zhaorong, Zhao Chuanfu and Li Qiling

Patent number (Application Number): 85 1 05350.5
Application Day: 6/28/1985
Patentee: Dong Ping Hemp Mill of Shandong province

We have materially examined this invention according to the patent law of Peoples Republic of
China and decided to give it the patent right.

Signed by
Ciang, Mingkuan,
Director

Gao, Luli
Deputy director

Patent Office of Peoples Republic of China

February 18, 1988

















[19] Patent Office of Peoples Republic of China

[12] Open Instruction of Inventions Patent Application
[11] CN 85 1 05350

[43] The day of issue: 1/4/1987
................................................................................................................................................

[21] Application Number: 85 1 05350
[22] Application Day: 8/28/85
[71] Applicant: Dongping Hemp Mill
of Shangdong province
Address: Dongping Town of
Dongping County in
Shangdong Province

[14] Patent Agency
Patent Service Office
of Shandong Province
Agent: Lu Fu Jiang

[12] Inventors: Zhang Daochen, Wang Zhide, Yang Fudong, Li Wendong, Liu Changdong, Liu
Yunzun, Teng Zhaorong, Zhao Chuanfu and Li Qiling

[54] Name of Invention: Chemical Degumming Technology of Hemp
...............................................................................................................................................

[57] Abstract:

Chemical degumming technology of hemp is a kind of technique, which is used to carry on the
chemical treatement of natural dope-dyed fiber. The main character of this invention is to use
the different stability of cellulose and noncellulose with alkali, inorganic acid and oxidizer to
hydrolyse high molecular compound to monomer and lower-molecular compound and remove
noncellulose from hemps bast. After being degumed, the refined and dried hemp could be
supplied for cotton spining, wool spinning and blending to be purely spinned or blended, then
to produce blended and pure hemp yarn, such as medium-count or low-count cambric, whool
hemp, hemp polyester and many other kind of mixed fabric. This invention solved the problem
that for a long time it was very difficult to use machine to spin hemp and opened up a new road
to exploit and use the source of hemp.


Right Claims


1. 1. This chemical degum technology of hemp uses chemical treatement of acid, alkali,
oxidizer, together with mechanical method to remove noncellulose from hemps bast and
produce refined-dried hemp as the raw material of textile.

The technological process is specified as follows:

batching by different levels ---> binding into bounches ---> putting into coops ---> acid treating
---> washing by water ---> 1 refining by cooking ---> boiling in hot water ---> 2 refining by
cooking ---> scutching ---> bleaching ---> passed through acid ---> washing by water for the
second time ---> dehydration ---> fluffing ---> putting into coops ---> emulsification --->
dehydration ---> spreading the hemp ---> drying ---> selecting ---> batching ---> yangsheng (in
Chinese) ---> fluffing ---> carding

2. 2. According to the process of the chemical degumming technology of hemp (Described in
right claims 1), one character of this process is the acid treatement process in which the
following technological parameters are controlled like: density of sulphuric acid 0.5-2 g/l,
temperature 30-50, time of treatement 1-2 hours, liquid ratio 1:16-1:10.
3. 3. With regard to the description of the technological process, the second character of this
process is the boiling process in which the following technological parameters are used in
the first boiling process : density NaOH 4-8 g/l, pressure 2-3 kg/cm
3
, time of boiling 1-3
hours, liquid ratio 1:16 - 1:10; the technological parameters in the second boiling process:
tripolyphophate 1.5 ~3 % ,increased water glass 4-6%, pressure 2-3 kg/cm
3
, time hours,
liquid ratio 1:16 - 1:10.
4. 4. Based on the description of the technological process, the third character is the acid
bleaching and washing process in which these technological parameters are set up such
as: density of active chlorine in solution 1-2 g/l, density of sulphuric acid 0.5-2 g/1, time 10-
25 minutes, PH value of washing 6-7.
5. 5. By an overview on the degumming process, fourth character of this process is defined as
the emulsification in which the technological parameters are fixed based on: quantity of
soda: 0.5-2% , quantity off saponifier, 0.5-1.5%, quantity of rapeseed oil 1-2.5%,
temperature 80'-:00'. time 3-5 hours.
.......................................................................................................................................................
....






Technical Introduction

Chemical Degum Technology of Hemp


This invention is belonged to the chemical treatment of natural dope-dyed fiber.

The technique of chemical degum and spinning of hemp still did not fall into pattern in other
Countries (refer to the attached confirmation from the International Information Inspection
Centre). In China there is a long history of using the undegummed hemp to produce hemp
dopes and the sole of shoes. But until now there is no any mass production available in China.
Our factory began the experiment on the chemical degumming and spinning of hemp since
April 1982 and achieved a fairly good results.

Hemp's bast could be divided into cellulose and noncellulose.

Cellulose is the raw material of spinning. Noncellulose (including pectin, fat, wax, water soluble
matter, half cellulose, lignin etc.) is about 45% in the hemp's bast, which should be removed.
Generally, nencellulose is a kind of high-molecular compound. Most of its components are
polysaccharide, carbohydrate and the rest is acromatic compound. This invention uses
chemical and mechanical treatment to remove the noncellulose from hemp's bast. And
according to the different stability of cellulose and noncellulose with alkali, inorganic acid and
oxidizar, we could hydrolyses high-molecular compound into monomer and low molecular
compound.
Technological process, selection of machines and control on parameter in the chemical degum
of hemp:
1. Technological process
1) cotton fiber.soft hemp ---> binding --> cutting off ---> putting into coops-->acid treatment --->
washing ---> 1 refined by boiling --> boiling in hot water --> scotching --> bleaching --->
passing through acid --> washing for the second time --> dehydration -> fluffing ---> pursing
into coops ---> precision work --> washing by soft water for the second tima ---> dehydration --
> fluffing --> putting into coops ---> emulsion -> dehydration --> spreading hemp ---> staving ---
> hatching ---> cultivating ---> fluffing --> carding.
2) wool and silk fiber: remove the following process of hatching, cutting off, boiling in hot
water, precision work and the process after it washing by soft water for the second time,
dehydration, tiuffmg, putting into wops.
2. Selection of machines and equipment (of the invention)
1) acid treatmem: vertical polyethylene plastics or stainless steel container
2) alkali bniltypa OL-50 vertical stove
3) Scotching: round scorcher
4) hleaching.acid washing and washing machines: the installation uses for ramie now
5) precision work.emulsion stove: vertical normal pressure open boiling stove
6) the through used for making NaOH and sulphuric acid: stainless or carbon steel with resin
applied inside
7) baker (drying apparatus): type B061 baker
8) hatching: 02141 hatching machine for ramie
9) fluffing: CY182 jute carding machine
10)carding: C2191 hemp carding machine


produce
process
control items unit technological parameter
cotton type wool/silk
acid treatment -density of sulphuric acid
-temperature
-time
-the proportion of liquid
volume
g/L
C
hour
0.5-2
30-50
1-2

1:16 - 1:10
0.5 - 1.5
30 50
1-2

1:14 - 1: 10
washing remain acid Ph 5 - 7 5 - 7
1st boiling -density of caustic soda in 2
boiling
-pressure
-time
-the proportion of liquid
volume
g/L

kg/cm
2

hour
4-8

2 3
1 3

1.16 : 10
4-7

2 3
1 3

1.14 : 10
2nd boiling -increaced amount of caustic
soda
-tripolyphosphate
-water glass
-pressure
-time
-the proportion of liquid
volume

g/L
%
%
kglcm
2

hour


8-74
1.5 3
4-6
2.5 3
1.5 3

1:16- 1:10

8-12
1.5 3
4-6
2 3
1 3

1:16- 1:10
bleaching and
acid washing
-density of effective chlorine
in bleaching liquid
-density of sulphuric acid
-time
-washing for the second time
g/L

g/L
minute
Ph
1 2

0.5 2
10 25
6-7
1 2

0.5 2
10 25
6-7
precision work -amount of NaOH
-amount of soda
-temperature
-time
g/L
%
C
hour
2-4
1 8
90- 100
1-2

dehydration moiseure convent % = & < 55
emulsion -amount of soda
-amount of soap
-amount of rapeseed oil
-temperature
-the proportion of liquid
volume
-time
-use soft water
%
%
%
C

hour
0.5 2
0.5- 1.5
1 -2.5
80- 100
1 : 8
3 - 5
1 2
0.5- 1
1 - 2
80- 100
1 : 8
3 -4.5

stoving controlled moisture regain % 8 - 16 9 - 16
batching increase rate of emulsion % 15 -20 15 - 20
cultivating time day 5 - 7 5 - 7



This invention is basically changed from the traditional treatment in which we used to twist
thread. It opened up a new road to use modern technique of spinning to make products of
hemp. We have succeeded in trying to spin mixture such as hemp with polyester, hemp with
silk and blend hemp with wool. All these products have been successfully used to make all
kinds of fibrilla, such as coat, shirt, fancy suiting and hemp-silk etc. Now, this new degum
technology has solved the problem that the hemp could not be spun.

Example
By this example, the degumming process of wool type of fiber is explained .
Technological Prrocess

batching---> binding into bunches-> acid treatment--> washing-> boiling-> 2 boiling.>
scotching--> bleaching--> passing through acid-> washing--> dehydration-> fluffing--- > putting
into coops ---> emulsion--> dehydration--> fluffing---> shoving--> oftly fine towing

Steps of Deguming

1) Softly rolling the secondary Taian hemp on the dresser machine (type COl l) for one time
and binding them into bunches. Each bunch weighs about 0.4-0.6 kg. Next to put them into
hemp coops and each coop contain about 300-500 kg. Then to put the coops into a stove
containing acid liquid. In the stove, the density of sulphuric acid is 1.5g/t, the proportion of
liquid volume is 1:14-1:10, the temperature is 30'-50'. After keeping them in the stove for 2
hours, to wash them with vadose water until the PH value is up to 7.
2) After having put recycled alkali (its density is 4-7 g/L) into type CZ-50 pulp mill digester,
hang the washed hemp into it and blow vapour to heat until the pressure and wash the hemp
with hot water for half an hour. Then put NaOH which density is 8-12 g/l, tripolyphosphate
which weighs 6% of the hemp's weight into the pulp mill digester and heat it. Keep the
pressure at about 2-3 kg/cm
3
and after 3 hours hang out the hemp to scotch.

3) Beat and wash the boiled hemp on the scutcher for 5-6 times. Then put them into acid
bleaching machine to bleach, pass through acid and wash. The density of active chlorine in the
solution is controlled at I-2 g/l. The density of acid is controlled at 0.5-2 g/l. The time is
controlled at 10-25 minutes. After washing, the value of hemp fiber will be up to 6-7.
4) After washing, dehydrate the hemp fiber to make its water ratio below 55%. Then to make
the hemp fiber fluffy and to put them into coops. To hang the coops into stove contained
emulsion to soften (this technique is explained in the Introduction)

5) After emulsion process. the refined-dried hemp is dehydrated. Its water ratio is below 55%.
Then to stove the fluffed hemp on the type 8061 stoving machine to make refine-dried hemp.
6)The redefined-dried hemp is processed by the soft rolling machine (type CZ141). Then to put
them into warehouse for cultivating. After 5-7 days, to put them on the dresser (type :CY182)
to make hemp into a pie. Finally soft wool-type fiber of hemp is made, with specifications: the
length of fibre is about 50-80 mm, fineness IB00-2000 (metric court), tension is 10-16 g.