1

Seat No.: _____ Enrolment No.______

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
B. E. VII
th
SemesterExamination Nov- 2011
Subject code: 170901
Subject Name: Inter Connected Power System
Date:19/11/2011 Time: 10:30 am 01:00 pm
Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Derive the expression for B-coefficients in case of two generating plants
connected to an arbitrary number of loads through a transmission network.
07
(b) Discuss the procedure for solving the swing equation using point by point
method.
07

Q.2 (a) Compare the GS and NR methods of load flow study. 07
(b) The following figure shows a simple 4-bus system.
1 2
3 4
0.05+j0.15
0.05+j0.15
0.15+j0.45

Line G, pu B, pu
1-2 2.0 6.0
1-3 1.0 3.0
2-3 0.666 2.0
2-4 1.0 3.0
3-4 2.0 6.0
The shunt admittances at all the buses are assumed negligible.
1) Find Y
BUS
assuming that the line shown dotted is not connected.
2) What modifications need to be carried out in Y
BUS
if the line shown dotted
is connected?
07
OR
(b) A system consists of four identical 400 MVA generating units feeding a total load
of 1016 MW. The inertia constant of each unit is 5 on 400 MVA base. The load
changes by 1.5% for a 1% change in frequency. When there is sudden drop in
load by 16 MW, obtain the power system time constant (T
p
) with constants H and
D expressed on 1600 MVA base.
07

Q.3 (a) A power system has two generating plants and power is being dispatched
economically with P
1
= 150 MW and P
2
= 275 MW.
The loss coefficients are:

2 1
11
2 1
12
2 1
22
0.10 10 MW
0.10 10 MW
0.13 10 MW
B
B
B



=
=
=

08

2



To raise the total load on the system by 1 MW, an additional cost of 200 Rs./hour
will be incurred. Find;
a) The penalty factor of plant:1
b) The additional cost per hour to increase the output of plant:1 by 1 MW.

(b) Give reasons:
1) One of the buses is taken as slack bus in load flow studies.
2) Bus admittance matrix is a spare matrix.
3) An acceleration factor is commonly used in load flow studies using GS
method.
06
OR
Q.3 (a) Give the algorithm with flow chart for a fast decoupled load flow solution. 07
(b) Write a short note on Load Dispatch Centre. 07

Q.4 (a) What is power system islanding? Why it is needed? What is ideal procedure to
restore the grid? Discuss the effects of islanding.
07
(b) Derive a mathematical model of turbine speed governing system. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) A 100 MVA, 50 Hz synchronous generator having inertia constant of the machine
as 5 kW-sec per kVA. The load suddenly increases by 50 MW. Due to delay in
governor action there is a delay of 0.6 seconds in opening of steam valve. Find the
frequency deviation.
07
(b) Distinguish between steady state, dynamic and transient stability. Derive power
angle equation sin
e m
P P = . State the assumptions made.
07

Q.5 (a) A single area consists of two generating units, rated at 400 and 800 MVA, with
speed regulation of 4% and 5% on their respective ratings. The units are operating
in parallel, sharing 700 MW. Unit 1 supplies 200 MW and unit 2 supplies 500
MW at 1.0 per unit (50 Hz) frequency. The load is increased by 130 MW.
Assume there is no frequency-dependent load. Find the steady-state frequency
deviation and the new generation on each unit.
07
(b) Explain the following:
1) Bus incidence matrix
2) Primitive network
07
OR

Q.5 (a) A 50 Hz generator of reactance of 1.2 pu is connected to an infinite bus bar
through a line reactance of 0.6 pu. |E| = 1.2 pu and |V| = 1.0 pu. The inertia
constant is 4 MW-sec per MVA. The generator is loaded to 50% of its maximum
power limit. Find the frequency of natural oscillations.
07
(b) Write a short note on Automatic Voltage Control. 07

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1
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.______________
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
BE- VII
th
SEMESTEREXAMINATION MAY/JUNE- 2012
Subject code: 170901 Date: 24/05/2012
Subject Name: Inter Connected Power System
Time: 02:30 pm 05:00 pm Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1
(a) Derive static load flow equations. Hence explain classification of buses . (7)
(b) Derive the criterion for economic distribution of load between different (7)
units of a plant when transmission losses are neglected.

Q.2
(a) Discuss dynamics of synchronous machine and derive the swing equation (7)
(b) A 50Hz, 4-pole turbo alternator rated 20,000 kVA, 13.2 kV has an inertia (7)
constant of 9 kW-sec/kVA. Find the K.E. stored in the rotor at synchronous
speed. Find the accelerating torque if the shaft input is 26,800 hp (metric) and
the electric power developed is 16,000 kW. If the acceleration is maintained
constant for a period of 15 cycles, determine the change in torque angle in that
period and the rpm at the end of 15 cycles
OR
(b) A synchronous generator feeds 1.0 pu power to an infinite bus through a (7)
transmission system (double circuit line). A fault occurs on one line which
reduces the maximum power transfer to 0.5 pu, whereas before the fault this
power was 2.0 pu and after the clearance of fault is 1.5 pu. By the use of
equal area criteria determine the critical clearing angle. The losses in the
system may be neglected.

Q.3
(a) The following is the system data for a load flow solution (9)
Bus code Admittance
1-2 2-j8
1-3 1-j4
2-3 0.666-j2.664
2-4 1-j4
3-4 2-j8
Bus Pg Qg Pd Qd Bus voltage
1 ? ? 0 0 1.06
2 0 0 0.5 0.2 ?(PQ)
3 0 0 0.4 0.3 ?(PQ)
4 0 0 0.3 0.1 ?(PQ)
Find the bus voltages V
2
and V
3
at the end of first iteration using GS method.
Use acceleration factor = 1.6
(b) Compare GS and NR method of load flow (5)
OR
2
Q.3
(a) With the help of a neat diagram explain turbine speed governing mechanism (7)
(b) Explain tie line load bias method of frequency control (7)

Q.4
(a) Derive the expression for B-coefficients in case of two generating plants (9)
connected to an arbitrary number of loads through a transmission network.
(b) A system having two generating units connected through a line has the (5)
following loss co-efficients
B
11
= 0.110
-2
MW
-1
, B
12
= -0.0110
-2
MW
-1
and B
22
= 0.1310
-2
MW
-1

Power is being dispatched economically with P
1
=120 MW and P
2
= 200 MW.
To raise the system load by 1 MW costs an additional Rs. 40 per hour. Find
the penalty factor of plant 1 and the additional cost per hour to increase the
output of plant 1 by 1 MW
OR
Q.4
(a) Explain point by point method of stability. State the assumptions made (9)
(b) Prove that synchronizing co-efficient of a machine should be positive for (5)
system stability

Q.5
(a) Discuss Z
BUS
building algorithm. Explain all types of modifications when (9)
transmission lines are added between the buses.
(b) Obtain Z
BUS
using Z
BUS
building algorithm for the system whose data (5)
is given below
Line no Bus code Impedance
1 R-1 0.6
2 R-2 0.5
3 1-3 0.25
4 2-3 0.5
Assume bus R as the reference bus
OR
Q.5
(a) Explain formulation of Y
BUS
using singular transformation. (7)
(b) Explain cascade tripping and network islanding in brief. (7)

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1
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.______________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
B. E. - SEMESTER VII EXAMINATION WINTER 2012

Subject code: 170901 Date: 26/12/2012
Subject Name: Inter Connected Power System
Time: 10.30 am - 01.00 pm Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt any five questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.


Q.1 (a) I. Discuss various methods to improve steady state stability.
II. Explain terms: Cascading (blackouts), Islanding
04
03
(b) Form the Y
BUS
by using singular transformation method for the
network shown in Fig 1 including the generator buses.











Figure 1
07

Q.2 (a) Discuss advantages and limitations of Gauss-Siedel and Newton-
Raphson methods. Of the two, which method is generally
preferred for solving load flow problem?
06
(b) Discuss the algorithm of load flow solution using Newton-
Raphson method for all type of buses.
08
OR
(b) Figure 2 shows the one line diagram of simple three bus power
system with generator at buses 1 & 3. The magnitude of voltage
at bus 1 is adjusted to 1.05 pu. Voltage magnitude at bus 3 is
fixed at 1.04 pu with real power generation of 200 MW. A load
consisting of 400 MW and 250 Mvar is taken from bus 2. Line
impedances are marked in pu on 100 MVA base, and line
charging susceptances are neglected. Obtain Gauss-siedel power
flow solution for 2 iteration.
08
2

Figure 2 [PTO]
Q.3 (a) Discuss procedure for solving the swing equation using point by
point method.
07
(b) A 100 MVA, 2 pole, 60 Hz generator has a moment of inertia
50x10 kg.m
3
. (a) What is energy stored in the rotor at rated
speed? (b) What is the corresponding angular momentum? (c)
Determine the inertia constant H. (d) If the input to the generator
is suddenly increased by 25 MW, determine the rotor
acceleration.
07
OR
Q.3 (a) How can the transient stability of a system be improved? Discuss
the traditional as well as new approaches to the problem.
07
(b) A synchronous motor is receiving 35% of the power that it is
capable of receiving from an infinite bus. If the load on the motor
is doubled, determine the maximum value of load angle during
the swinging of motor around its new equilibrium position using
equal area criteria.
07

Q.4 (a) Show that when number of generating units are operating in
parallel and supplying power into a transmission network, the
most economical scheduling of load is obtained when their
incremental cost of received power are equal. Derive an equation
coordinating the incremental cost of production, the incremental
transmission loss and the incremental cost of received power.
07
(b) Incremental fuel costs in dollars per megawatthour for a plant
consisting of two units are given by
= 0.008 + 8.0 = 0.0096 + 6.4
Assume that both units are operating at all times, that total load
varies from 250 to1250 MW, and that maximum and minimum
loads on each unit are to be 625 and 100 MW, respectively. Find
the incremental fuel cost of the plant and the allocation of load
between units for the minimum cost of various total loads.
07
OR
Q.4 (a) Write short note on unit commitment. 07
3


*************


Q.4 (b) A two bus system is shown in figure 3. If 100 MW is transmitted
form plant 1 to the load, a transmission loss of 10 MW is
incurred. Find the required generation for each plant and the
power received by the load when the system is Rs 25/MWh.
= 0.02 +16.0 Rs/MWh, = 0.04 + 20.00 Rs/MWh






Figure 3
07

Q.5 (a) Describe speed governing system for controlling real power flow
in the system.
07
(b) Explain automatic load dispatch in power system. 07
OR [PTO]


Q.5 (a) Explain fully the flat frequency control method and selective
frequency control methods used for controlling frequency in
single/two area power system.
07
(b) Explain methods used for voltage control in power systems. 07
Plant 1
P
G1
P
G2

Load P
D2

Plant 2
1
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
BE - SEMESTERVII EXAMINATION WINTER 2013

Subject Code: 170901 Date: 26-11-2013
Subject Name: Interconnected Power Systems
Time: 10:30 TO 01:00 Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
Q.1 (a) Write a short note on how black out occurs in a large size power system. 07
(b) Give a list of methods to improve transient stability of a large size power system. 07
Q.2 (a) Describe the advantages of interconnections of power systems in details. 07
(b) Give comparison of GS method and NR method used for load flow studies of power
systems.
07
OR
(b) Write a short note on islanding of part of power system. 07

Q.3 (a) Discuss the algorithm of load flow solution using Newton-Raphson method for all
type of buses.
10
(b) Describe the concept of steady state stability in brief. 04
OR
Q.3 (a) State the assumptions made for load flow studies and applications of load flow
studies.
07
(b) Table given below gives the information of a four bus transmission network with line
impedances. The shunt admittance at all the buses is assumed negligible. Form a
suitable graph and find primitive admittance matrix and bus incidence matrix of the
network. Find Ybus of the system using these matrices.
Line, bus to bus R in pu X in pu Line, bus to bus R in pu X in pu
1-2 0.05 0.15 2-4 0.1 0.3
1-3 0.1 0.3 3-4 0.05 0.15
2-3 0.15 0.45

07

Q.4 (a) Describe unit commitment in detail. 07
(b) Derive the expression for B-coefficients in case of two generating plants connected to
an arbitrary number of loads through a transmission network.
07
OR
Q.4 (a) Explain the functions of load dispatch centre in detail. 07
(b) Describe the methods of voltage control adopted for large size power system in detail. 07

Q.5 (a) Describe flat frequency control and selective frequency control used for controlling
frequency in power system.
07
(b) In a two-bus system, two power plants are connected by a transmission line. If 100
MW is transferred from plant 1 to the load connected at bus 2, a transmission loss of
10 MW is incurred. Find the required generation for each plant and the power
received by load when the system is Rs 250/MWh. The incremental fuel costs of the
two plants are given below:
07

= 0.02

+ 16.0

= 0.04

+ 20.0

OR
2
Q.5 (a) Discuss procedure for solving the swing equation using point by point method. 07
(b) A synchronous generator of reactance 1.2 pu is connected to an infinite bus bar (|V| =
1.0 pu) through transformers and a line of total reactance of 0.06 pu. The generator no
load voltage is 1.2 pu and its inertia constant is H=4 MW-s/MVA. The resistance and
machine damping may be assumed negligible. The system frequency is 50 Hz.
Calculate the frequency of natural oscillations if the generator is loaded to (i) 50 %
and (ii) 80 % of its maximum power limit.
07

*************
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
BE - SEMESTERVII EXAMINATION SUMMER 2014

Subject Code: 170901 Date: 22-05-2014
Subject Name: Interconnected Power Systems
Time: 02:30 pm - 05:00 pm Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Prove that in a Y
BUS
matrix, the off diagonal elements are negative of the transfer (7)
admittance connected between the two buses, while the diagonal elements are sum
of all admittances connected to that bus
(b) What is power angle curve? Draw power angle for synchronous generator and motor (7)
Also define steady state, transient and dynamic stability.

Q.2 (a) Explain cascade tripping and network islanding in brief (7)
(b) What is penalty factor? Discuss the criteria for economic dispatch when losses of (7)
of the system are considered
OR
(b) With the help of neat diagram explain turbine speed governing system (7)

Q.3 (a) A synchronous machine having a voltage of 0.910
0
is and having reactance of (6)
j0.3 pu is connected to an infinite bus having a voltage of 1 0
0
. Determine whether
synchronous machine
(i) is working as a generator or motor?
(ii) is absorbing active power or delivering active power to the bus?
(iii) is absorbing reactive power or delivering reactive power to the bus?
(iv) is working at leading p.f. or lagging p.f.?
Support your answer with valid reasons
(b) Discuss the dynamics of synchronous machine and hence derive the swing equation (8)
OR
Q.3 (a) Explain equal area criteria of stability (6)
(b) A power deficient area receives 50 MW over a tie line from another area. The (8)
maximum steady state capacity of the line is 100 MW. Find the allowable sudden
load that can be switched on without the loss of stability

Q.4 (a) Obtain Y
BUS
matrix for the system shown in figure (7)


(b) Compare NR and GS method of load flow (7)

OR

Q.4 (a) A constant load of 300 MW is supplied by two 200 MW generators 1 and 2 for (4)
which the respective fuel costs in Rs/hr are
dF
1
/dP
1
= 0.10P
1
+20; dF
2
/dP
2
= 0.12P
2
+ 15
Determine (i) the most economical division of load (ii) the savings in Rs/day
thereby obtained as compared to equal load sharing between the machines
(b) Figure shows a system having two plants 1 and 2 connected to buses 1 and 2. There (10)
two loads and a network of four branches. The branch currents and impedances are
I
1
= 4 j1 pu, I
2
= 3.2 j0.8 pu, I
3
= 7.2 j1.8 pu I
4
= 2 j0.5 pu,

Z
1
= 0.02 + j0.08 pu, Z
2
= 0.02+ j0.08 pu, Z
3
= 0.01 + j0.04 pu, Z
4
= 0.01 + j0.04 pu.
Calculate the loss coefficients of the system in pu.

Q.5 (a) Discuss the algorithm for formulating Z
BUS
matrix of system (10)
(b) In the equation Y
BUS
= A
T
YA, what are matrices Y and A? Also mention their (4)
dimensions
OR
Q.5 (a) Explain point by point method of stability in detail (10)
(b) A 100 MVA synchronous generator operates on full load at a frequency of 50 Hz (4)
A 40 MW load is suddenly removed from the system. Due to time lag in the
governor system, the steam valve begins to close after 0.5 seconds. Determine
the change in frequency that occurs in this time. Assume H = 5 MJ/MVA

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