Nodia and Company: Gate Solved Paper Electrical Engineering 2014 (Set-1)

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GATE SOLVED PAPER
Electrical Engineering
2014 (Set-1)
Copyright By NODIA & COMPANY
Information contained in this book has been obtained by authors, from sources believes to be reliable. However,
neither Nodia nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information herein, and Nodia nor its
authors shall be responsible for any error, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This book
is published with the understanding that Nodia and its authors are supplying information but are not attempting
to render engineering or other professional services.
NODI A AND COMPANY
B-8, Dhanshree Tower Ist, Central Spine, Vidyadhar Nagar, J aipur 302039
Ph : +91 - 141 - 2101150
www.nodia.co.in
email : enquiry@nodia.co.in
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EE
2014 (SET-1)

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General Aptitude
Q. 1-5 carry one mark each
Q. 1 Which of the following options is the closest in meaning to the phrase underlined
in the sentence below ?
It is fascinating to see life forms copewith varied environmental conditions.
(A) adopt (B) adapt to
(C) adept in (D) accept with
Sol . 1 Correct option is (B).
cope with: presented by
To over come any difficulties presented by: adapt to
Q. 2 Choose the most appropriate word from the options given below to complete the
following sentence.
He could not understand the judges awarding her the first prize, because he
thought that her performance was quite _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
(A) superb (B) medium
(C) mediocre (D) exhilarating
Sol . 2 Correct option is (C).
By the incomplete statement, we conclude that his performance is just ordinary
or not special or medium quality so it comes in mediocre.
Q. 3 In a press meet on the recent scam, the minister said, The buck stops here.
What did the minister convey by the statement ?
(A) He wants all the money
(B) He will return the money
(C) He will assume final responsibility
(D) He will resist all enquiries
He will assume final responsibility.
Q. 4 If / z z 1 98
2
+ = ^ h , compute / z z 1
2 2
+ ^ h.
Sol . 4 Correct answer is 96.
Given that

z
z
1
2
+ b l 98 = ...(i)
and we have to determine

z
z
1 2
2
+
b l ? =

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EE 2014 (SET-1)
Since,
a b
2
+ ^ h a b a b 2
2 2
$ = + +
Applying this formula in equation (i), we get

z
z
1
2
+ b l 98 =
or . . z z
z
z
2
1 1 2
2
+ + 98 =
or z
z
1 2
2
+ 98 2 = -
So, z
z
1 2
2
+ 96 =
Q. 5 The roots of ax bx c 0
2
+ + = are real and positive. a, b and c are real. Then
ax b x c 0
2
+ + = has
(A) no roots (B) 2 real roots
(C) 3 real roots (D) 4 real roots
Sol . 5 Correct option is (D).
Given the quadratic equations,
ax bx c
2
+ + 0 = ...(i)
and ax b
x
c
2
+ + 0 = ...(ii)
In equation (ii),
x
has two values x + and x - . So, it may be resolved into two
equations
ax bx c
2
+ + 0 = with roots ,
1 2
a a
^ h
and ax bx c
2
- + 0 = with roots
,
1 2
b b ^ h
Hence, there are total 4 real roots.
Q. 6-Q. 10 carry two mark each
Q. 6 The Palghat Gap (or Palakkad Gap), a region about 30 km wide in the southern
part of the Western Ghats in India, is lower than the hilly terrain to its north
and south. The exact reasons for the formation of this gap are not clear. It results
in the neighbouring regions of Tamil Nadu getting more rainfall from the South
West mansoon and the neighbouring regions of Kerala having higher summer
temperatures.
What can be inferred from this passage ?
(A) The Palghat gap is caused by high rainfall and high temperatures in southern
Tamil Nadu nad Kerala
(B) The regions in Tamil Nadu and Kerala that are near the Palghat Gap are
low-lying
(C) The low terrian of the Palghat Gap has a significant impact on weather
patterns in neighbouring parts of Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
(D) Higher summer temperature result in higher rainfall near the Palghat Gap
area.
Passage summary gives the conclusion:
The low terrian of the Palghat gap has a significant impact on weather pattern in
neighbouring parts of Tamilnadu and Kerala.

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Q. 7 Geneticists say that they are very close to confirming the genetic roots of
psychiatric illnesses such as depression and schizophrenia, and consequently, that
doctors will be able to eradicate these diseases through early identification and
gene therapy.
On which of the following assumptions does the statement above rely ?
(A) Strategies are now available for eliminating psychiatric illnesses
(B) Certain psychiatric illnesses have a genetic basis
(C) All human diseases can be traced back to genes and how they are expressed
(D) In the future, genetics will become the only relevant field for identifying
psychiatric illnesses
Strategies are now available for eliminating psychiatric illness.
Q. 8 Round-trip tickets to a tourist destination are eligible for a discount of 10% on
the total fare. In addition, groups of 4 or more get a discount of 5% on the total
fare. If the one way single person fare is Rs 100, a group of 5 tourists purchasing
round-trip tickets will be charged Rs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
Total round trip fare for group of 5 tourist without discount
. Rs 5 200 1000
#
= =
(i) Discount for round trip %of total fare 10 =
. Rs
100
10
1000 100
#
= =
(ii) Discount for having a group of 5 tourist % 5 = of total fare
. Rs
100
5
1000 50
#
= =
Total discount = Discount for round + Discount for having a
group of 5 tourist.
. Rs 100 50 150 = + =
Thus, the net round trip fare for group of 5 tourist after discount is
Net fare total fare total discount = -
. . Rs Rs 1000 150 = -
. Rs 850 =
Q. 9 In a survey, 300 respondents were asked whether they own a vehicle or not. If yes,
they were further asked to mention whether they own a car or scooter or both.
Their responses are tabulated below. What percent of respondents do not own a
scooter ?
Men Women
Own vehicle
Car 40 34
Scooter 30 20
Both 60 46
Do not own vehicle 20 50
Sol . 9 Correct answer is 48%.
Total respondents 300 = (150 men + 150 women)

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150 men
40men 30men 60(men) 20(men)
(car) (Scooter) (Car &Scooter) (Nothing)
= + + +
Total number of men who owns car 100 =
Total number of men who owns scooter 90 =
Total number of men who do not own a scooter 60 = ...(i)

car nothing
40 20 = + ^ ^ h h
150 women = 34 women + 20 women + 46 (women) + 50 (women)
(car) (Scooter) (Car & Scooter) (nothing)
Total number of women who owns car 80 =
Total number of women who owns scooter 66 =
Total number of women who do not own a scooter = 34(Car) + 50
(Nothing)
84 = ...(ii)
Percent of respondents who do not own a scooter

men women
100
Total respondents
whodonot ownscooter
#
=
+ ^ h
%
300
60 84
100 48
#
=
+
=
Q. 10 When a point inside of a tetrahedron (a solid with four triangular surfaces) is
connected by straight lines to its corners, how many (new) internal planes are
created with these lines ? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
We draw a tetrahedron structure ABCD as
Now, P is a point inside the tetrahedron.
The point P is connected to each corners , , , A B C D of the tetrahedron. So, we
have the internal planes as
, , , , , ABP APC BPC DPC DPB DPA
i.e the total number of internal planes is 6.

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Electrical Engineering
Q. 1 Given a system of equations
x y z 2 2 + + b
1
=
x y z 5 3 + + b
2
=
What of the following is true regarding its solutions
(A) The system has a unique solution for any given b
1
and b
2
(B) The system will have infinitely many solutions for any given b
1
and b
2
(C) Whether or not a solution exists depends on the given b
1
and b
2
(D) The systems would have no solution for any values of b
1
and b
2
x y z 2 2 + + b
1
= ...(i)
x y 5 32 + + b
2
= ...(ii)
On eliminating y, we have
x z 9 4 + b b 2
2 1
= - {2(ii)-(i)}
Let b b 1
1 2
= = ,
x z 9 4 + 1 =
x
z
9
1 4
=
-
z
x
4
1 9
=
-
Hence these will be infinitely many solutions for any given b
1
and b
2
.
Q. 2 Let f x xe
x
=
-
^ h . The maximum value of the function in the interval , 0 3 ^ h is
(A) e
1 -
(B) e
(C) e 1
1
-
-
(D) e 1
1
+
-
Sol . 2 Correct option is (A).
Given the function,
f
x ^ h xe
x
=
-
To determine the maximum value, we equate the first derivative of function to
zero, i.e.
f
x
l^ h e x e e xe
x x x x
= + - = -
- - - -
^ h 0 =
or e
x 1
x
-
-
^ h 0 =
So, x , 1 3 =
Again, we check the point of maxima by substituting the obtained values in the
second derivative as
f
x
ll^ h e xe e
x x x
=- + -
- - -
At x 1 = f
x
ll^ h e e 2
1
1 1
=- +
- -
^
^
h
h
e 0 <
1
=-
-
Hence, f
x ^ h is maximum at x 1 = , and given as
f 1 ^ h e e 1
1 1
= =
- -
^ h at x 1 =
Q. 3 The solution for the differential equation

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dt
d x
2
2
x 9 =-
with initial conditions x 0 1 = ^ h and
dt
dx
1
t 0
=
=
, is
(A) t t 1
2
+ + (B) sin cos t t 3 3
3
1
3
2
+ +
(C) sin cos t t 3 3
3
1
+ (D) cos t t 3 +
Given the differential equation,

dt
d x
2
2
x 9 =-
Taking the Laplace transform,
s X
s
sX X
0 0
2
- - l ^ ^ ^ h h h X
s
9 =- ^ h
or s X
s
s
1 1
2
- - ^ ^ ^ h h h X
s
9 =- ^ h
or X
s s 9
2
+ ^ ^ h h s 1 = +
or X
s ^ h
s
s
s
s
s 9
1
9 9
1
2 2 2
=
+
+
=
+
+
+
or X
s ^ h
s
s
s 9
3
1
9
3
2 2
=
+
+
+
d n
Again, taking inverse Laplace transform, we obtain
x
t ^ h cos sin t t 3
3
1
3 = +
ALTERNATI VE METHOD :
Given the differential equation,

dt
d x
x 9
2
2
+ 0 =
Substituting D
dx
d
/ , we obtain
or D 9
2
+ 0 =
or D i 3 ! =
So, the auxiliary equation is written as
x cos sin A t iB t 3 3 = + ...(1)
From the given values,
x 0 ^ h A 1 = =
and
dt
dx
t 0 =
i B 1 3 = = B &
i 3
1
=
Substituting these values in equation (1), we get
x cos sin t t 3
3
1
3 = +
Q. 4 Let X s
s s
s
10 21
3 5
2
=
+ +
+
^ h be the Laplace Transform of a signal x t ^ h. Then, x 0
+
^ h
is
(A) 0 (B) 3
(C) 5 (D) 21
Given the Laplace transform,
X s ^ h
s s
s
10 21
3 5
2
=
+ +
+

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From final value theorem, we know
x t ^ h limsX
s
s
=
"3
^ h
So, we obtain
x 0
+
^ h limsX 0
s
=
"3
+
^ h

lim lim s
s s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
10 21
3 5
1
10 21
3
5
s s
2
2
2
=
+ +
+
=
+ +
+
" " 3 3
d
c
b
n
m
l

1
10 21
3
5
3
3 3
3
=
+ +
+
=
Q. 5 Let S be the set of points in the complex plane corresponding to the unit circle.
(That is, : S z z 1 = = " ,). Consider the function * f z zz = ^ h where z
*
denotes the
complex conjugate of z. The f z ^ h maps S to which one of the following in the
complex plane
(A) unit circle
(B) horizontal axis line segment from origin to (1, 0)
(C) the point (1, 0)
(D) the entire horizontal axis
Given the set of points in complex plane,
S
: z z 1
=
= $ .
and the function,
f
z ^ h * zz =
By complex number property, we know
* zz z
2
=
Thus, for the given set of points, i.e. z 1 = ; the value of function is
f z
^ h
1 =
i.e. f z ^ h maps S to the point (1, 0) on the plane.
Q. 6 The three circuit elements shown in the figure are part of an electric circuit. The
total power absorbed by the three circuit elements in watts is _ _ _ _ _ .
Sol . 6 Correct answer is 330 W.
We redraw the given electric circuit as

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From the given circuit, we have the following observations for the connected
batteries:
100 V battery: As the current flows through the battery from positive to negative
terminal, so it absorbs power.
80 V battery: As the current flows through the battery from negative to positive
terminal, so it delivers power.
15 V battery: As the current flows through the battery negative to positive
terminal, so it delivers power.
Thus, the net power absorbed by circuit elements is obtained as
P
net
= Power absorbed by 100 V battery
[Power emitted by 80 V battery + Power emitted by 15 V
battery]
100 10 80 8 15 2
# # #
= - + ^ ^ h h
6 @
1000 640 30 = - -
W 330 =
Q. 7 C
0
is the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with air as dielectric (as in
figure (a)). If, half of the entire gap as shown in figure (b) is filled with a dielectric
of permittivity
r
e , the expression for the modified capacitance is
(A)
C
2
1
r
0
e + ^ h (B) C
r 0
e + ^ h
(C)
C
2
r
0
e (D) C 1
r 0
e + ^ h
We redraw the given parallel plate capacitors as
(a) (b)
For the capacitor shown in figure (a), we have
C
0

d
A
o
e
= ...(i)
where, A = Area of the parallel plate capacitor

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d = distance between the plates
Again, the capacitor shown in figure (b) can be considered as the two capacitors
C
1
and C
2
connected in parallel. So, we have
C
1

d
A
o
2
e
=
and C
2

d
A
o r
2
e e
=
Therefore, we get the net capacitance as
C
net
C C
1 2
= +

/ /
d
A
d
A
d
A
d
A
d
A
2 2
2 2 2
1
o o r
o o r o
r
e e e
e e e e
e = + = + = +
^ h
...(ii)
Thus, from equations (i) and (ii), we get
C
net

C
2
1
o
r
e = +
^ h
Q. 8 A combination of F 1m capacitor with an initial voltage V v 0 2
c
=- ^ h in series
with a 100W resistor is connected to a mA 20 ideal dc current source by operating
both switches at s t 0 = as shown. Which of the following graphs shown in the
options approximates the voltage v
s
across the current source over the next few
seconds ?
Sol . 8 Correct answer is (C)
We have the given circuit as

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In the given circuit, the switches operates as shown by the respective arrows. So,
at t 0 = ,
Switch 1 (switch across V
s
) changes it state from short circuit to open circuit.
Switch 2 changes it state from open circuit to short circuit.
Therefore, we have the equivalent circuit at t 0 =
-
as (given V V 0 2
c
=- ^ h )
So, from the circuit, we get
V
s

V 0
t 0
=
=
-
Again, we consider the circuit for t 0 =
+
. By s-domain analysis, we have the
equivalent voltage across capacitor as
V
s ^ h
Sc
I
s
S
V 0
c
= +
+
^ ^ h h
So, we draw the equivalent circuit for given initial voltage across capacitor as
Therefore, we redraw the complete circuit for t 0 =
+
as
Applying KVL, we get

Sc
I
I
5
2
100
-
+ + b l V
s
=
or
s s
s
s
2 20 10
100
1
100
20 10
3
6
3
#
#
#
#
#
- + +
- -
V
s
Thus, we obtain

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V
s

s
s
s
2 20 10 2
2
3
#
=- + +

s
2
10
2
4
#
=
So, V
t
s
^ h t 2 10
4
#
=
i.e. the plot of source voltage is a straight line passing through origin, as shown
below.
Q. 9 x t ^ h is nonzero only for T t T < <
x x
l, and similarly, y t ^ h is nonzero only for
T t T < <
y y
l. Let z t ^ h be convolution of x t ^ h and y t ^ h. Which one of the following
statements is TRUE ?
(A) z t ^ h can be nonzero over an unbounded interval.
(B) z t ^ h is nonzero for t T T <
x y
+
(C) z t ^ h is zero outside of T T t T T < <
x y x y
+ + l l
(D) z t ^ h is nonzero for t T T >
x y
+ l l
Given the functions,
x t ^ h 0 !
x
;T t T < <
n
l
and y t ^ h 0 !
y
;T t T < <
y
l
z t ^ h is the convolution of x t ^ h and y t ^ h, i.e.
z t ^ h x t y t =
*
^ ^ h h
So, by convolution theorem, we have
z t ^ h 0 = ;
y x
; t T T t T T < >
x y
+ + l l
or z t ^ h 0 = ; out side of
y x
T T T T T < <
x y
+ + l l
Q. 10 For a periodic square wave, which one of the following statements is TRUE ?
(A) The Fourier series coefficients do not exist.
(B) The Fourier series coefficients exist but the reconstruction converges at no
point.
(C) The Fourier series coefficients exist and the reconstruction converges at most
points.
(D) The Fourier series coefficients exist and the reconstruction converges at every
point.
Consider a periodic square wave shown below.

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For the square wave, we observe that the Fourier series coefficients exist and the
reconstruction converges at most point.
Q. 11 An 8-pole, 3-phase, 50 Hz induction motor is operating at a speed of 700 rpm.
The frequency of the rotor current of the motor in Hz is _ _ _ _ _ _ .
Sol . 11 Correct answer is 3.33 Hz.
For the given induction motor, we have
P 8 = , Hz f 50 = , rpm N 700
r
=
So, we obtain
N
s
rpm
P
f 120
8
120 50
750
#
= = =
Therefore, the slip
s
N
N N
750
750 700
s
s r
=
-
=
-

15
1
=
Thus, the frequency of rotor current of the motor is obtained as
Frequency of rotor current s f
#
=
. Hz
15
1
50 333
#
= =
Q. 12 For a specified input voltage and frequency, if the equivalent radius of the core of
a transformer is reduced by half, the factor by which the number of turns in the
primary should change to maintain the same no load current is
(A) 1/ 4 (B) 1/ 2
(C) 2 (D) 4
EMF equation of Transformer is given by
E f N 2p f =
where f is the flux density, given as
f B A
#
=
Now, the given radius is reduced by half, i.e.
r / r 2 "
So, the area will be reduced by 1/ 4, i.e.
A / A 4 "
To maintain no load current constant [in turn emf ( ) E to be constant], number of
turn should be increased by 4 times.
Q. 13 A star connected 400 V, 50 Hz, 4 pole synchronous machine gave the following
open circuit and short circuit test results :
Open circuit test : V
oc
V 400 = (rms, line-to-line) at field current,

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. A I 23
f
=
Short circuit test : I
sc
A 10 = (rms, phase) at field current,
. A I 15
f
=
The value of per phase synchronous impedance in W at rated voltage
is_ _ _ _ _ .
Sol . 13 Correct answer is . 1506W .
For the open circuit test, we have line-to-line voltage at . A I 23
f
= as
V
ocL L -
V 400 =
So, the open circuit phase voltage is obtained as
V
ocPh
V
3
400
. A I 23 g
=
=
Again, for short circuit test, we have phase rms current at . A I 15
f
= as
I
scPh

A 10
. A I 15 g
=
=
Since I
sc
and I
f
are linearly related, so we get the short circuit phase current at
. A I 23
f
= as

sc
I
Ph
l
.
. A
15
10
23
3
46
. A I 23 g
#
= =
=
Thus, per phase synchronous impedance is
Z
ph

sc
I
V
. A
oc
I 23
Ph
Ph
g
=
=
l

/
/
.
46 3
400 3
46
400 3
1506
#
W = = =
Q. 14 The undesirable property of an electrical insulating material is
(A) high dielectric strength (B) high relative permittivity
(C) high thermal conductivity (D) high insulation resistivity
Undesirable property of electrical insulating material is its high relative
permittivity r
e ^ h.
Q. 15 Three-phase to ground fault takes place at locations F
1
and F
2
in the system
shown in the figure.
If the fault takes place at location F
1
, then the voltage and the current at bus A
are V
F1
and I
F1
respectively. If the fault takes place at location F
2
, then the voltage
and the current at bus A and V
F2
and I
F2
respectively. The correct statement
about voltages and currents during faults at F
1
and F
2
is
(A) V
F1
leads I
F1
and V
F2
leads I
F2
(B) V
F1
leads I
F1
and V
F2
lags I
F2
(C) V
F1
lags I
F1
and V
F2
leads I
F2
(D) V
F1
lags I
F1
and V
F2
lags I
F2
Sol . 15 Correct option ( C).
We have the given system as

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As fault always require/ demand reactive power, so voltage should lead current.
Using this condition, we have the following observations for the given system:
At fault F
2
which is not near to source require reactive power, hence
V
F2
leads I
F2
Fault F
1
is near the source, so the current will lead voltage for active requirements,
i.e.
V
F1
lags I
F1
Q. 16 A 2-bus system and corresponding zero sequence network are shown in the figure.
The transformers T
1
and T
2
are connected as
As the winding and neutral has affect then we represent transformer in zero
sequence network using switch diagram.
Switches 1, 1l " Primary
Switches 2, 2l, " Secondary winding
1, 2 " Series switches

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1l, 2l " Shunt switches
Series switches are closed when transformer is star-connected.
Shunt switches are closed when transformer is delta-connected.
For ground effect X 3
0
.
Here, on T
1
side series switch are closed hence star-connection and grounded due
to X 3
Gn
. On T
2
side, shunt switches are closed hence one delta and one star with
ground.
T
1
:
T
2
:
Q. 17 In the formation of Routh-Hurwitz array for a polynomial, all the elements of
a row have zero values. This premature termination of the array indicates the
presence of
(A) only one root at the origin (B) imaginary roots
(C) only positive real roots (D) only negative real roots
Sol . 17 Correct option (B).
In the given Routh-Hurwitz array of polynomial, all the elements of a row have
zero value. This is due to symmetrical location of the roots in the s-plane with
respect to origin. The system is either marginally stable or unstable. Now, we
check this characteristic for all the given options.
Option (A):
Only one root is at origin. So, it does not satisfy the symmetrical condition.
Option (B):
Since, the system has imaginary roots, so we get the pole-zero location diagram
as shown below.
The imaginary roots on jw (imaginary) axis are symmetrical with respect to
origin. Hence, this option is correct.
Option (C):
The system has only positive real roots as shown below. So, the root location
diagram does not satisfy the symmetrical condition.

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Option (D):
Again, the system has only negative real roots, as shown below. So, the root
location diagram does not satisfy the symmetrical condition.
Q. 18 The root locus of a unity feedback system is shown in the figure.
The closed loop transfer function of the system is
(A)
R s
C s
s s
K
1 2
=
+ + ^
^
^ ^ h
h
h h
(B)
R s
C s
s s K
K
1 2
=
+ + +
-
^
^
^ ^ h
h
h h
(C)
R s
C s
s s K
K
1 2
=
+ + - ^
^
^ ^ h
h
h h
(D)
R s
C s
s s K
K
1 2
=
+ + + ^
^
^ ^ h
h
h h
Sol . 18 Correct option (C).
We have the root locus diagram as
As the root locus have poles s 1 =- , 2 - and root lies in even multiple of poles,
so it is converse of the main transfer function. Hence, gain should be negative, i.e.
G s H s ^ ^ h h
s s
K
1 2
=
+ +
-
^ ^ h h
This is open loop transfer function and closed loop transfer function is given by

R s
C s
^
^
h
h

G s H s
G s H s
1
=
+ ^ ^
^ ^
h h
h h

s s
K
s s
K
1
1 2
1 2
=
+
+ +
-
+ +
-
^ ^
^ ^
h h
h h

s s K
K
1 2
=
+ + -
-
^ ^ h h

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Q. 19 Power consumed by a balanced 3-phase, 3-wire load is measured by the two
wattmeter method. The first wattmeter reads twice that of the second. Then, the
load impedance angle in radians is
(A) / 12 p (B) / 8 p
(C) / 6 p (D) / 3 p
For two wattmeter method, we define load impedance angle, f as
tanf
w w
w w
3
1 2
1 2
=
+
-
9 C
where w
1
and w
2
are the readings of two wattmeters. Since, we have
w
1
w 2
2
=
So, we obtain the load impedance angle as
tanf
w w
w w
3
2
2
2 2
2 2
=
+
-
: D
3
3
1
3
1
#
= =
or f rad
6
p
=
Q. 20 In an oscilloscope screen, linear sweep is applied at the
(A) vertical axis (B) horizontal axis
(C) origin (D) both horizontal and vertical axis
Sol . 20 Correct option (B).
During sweep time t
s ^ h, the beam moves from left to right across the CRT screen.
The beam B deflected to the right by the increasing amplitude of the ramp
voltage and the fact that the positive voltage attracts the negative electrons, and
to make this effective we apply linear sweep in horizontal axis.
Q. 21 A cascade of three identical modulo-5 counters has an overall modulus of
(A) 5 (B) 25
(C) 125 (D) 625
The cascaded connection of three identical modulo-5 counters is shown below.
Since, overall modulus of cascade of n modulus-5 counters is given by
Overall modulas .....n 5 5
# #
= times
Hence, for the given system, we obtain
Overall modulas 5 5 5
# #
= (n 3 = )
125 =
Q. 22 In the Wien Bridge oscillator circuit shown in figure, the bridge is balanced when

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(A)
R
R
R
R
4
3
2
1
= ,
R C R C
1
1 1 2 2
w = (B)
R
R
C
C
1
2
1
2
= ,
R C R C
1
1 1 2 2
w =
(C)
R
R
R
R
C
C
4
3
2
1
1
2
= + ,
R C R C
1
1 1 2 2
w = (D)
R
R
R
R
C
C
4
3
2
1
1
2
+ = ,
R C R C
1
1 1 2 2
w =
To determine the balancing condition, we reconstruct the Wien bridge as
At balance, we have
z z
1 4
z z
2 3
=
or R
C
j
R
1
1
4
w
-
c m

j C R
R
R
1
2 2
2
3
w
=
+
c m
or
R
R
4
3

R
R
C
C
j C R
C R
1
2
1
1
2
2 1
1 2
w
w
= + + -
b l
Comparing real and imaginary parts, we get

R
R
4
3

R
R
C
C
2
1
1
2
= +
and C R
C R
1
2 1
1 2
w
w
- 0 = &w
R C R C
1
1 1 2 2
=
Q. 23 The magnitude of the mid-band voltage gain of the circuit shown in figure is
(assuming h
fe
of the transistor to be 100)

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(A) 1 (B) 10
(C) 20 (D) 100
Sol . 23 Correct option (D).
We have the transistor circuit as
Its equivalent h-parameter circuit is drawn as
For the circuit, we obtain the mid-band gain as
A
m

V
V
s
o
=

R h
h R
s ie
fe
=
+
l
(R 0
s
= as it by passes due to capacitor)

0 10 10
100 10 10
100
3
3
#
# #
=
+
=
i.e. the mid-band gain is 100.
Q. 24 The figure shows the circuit of a rectifier fed from a 230 V (rms), 50 Hz sinusoidal
voltage source. If we want to replace the current source with a resistor so that the
rms value of the current supplied by the voltage source remains unchanged, the
value of the resistance (in ohms) is _ _ _ _ _ .
(Assume diodes to be ideal.)

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Sol . 24 Correct answer is 23 ohm.
We have the rectifier circuit as
As the diodes are ideal, so if we are maintaining same current through resistor
then V
ab
also does not change, i.e.
V
ab
V 230 =
and I
ab
A 10 =
Hence, the required value of resistance is
R
ab

I
V
10
230
23
ab
ab
W = = =
Q. 25 Figure shows four electronic switches (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv). Which of the switches
can block voltages of either polarity (applied between terminals a and b) when
the active device is in the OFF state ?
(A) (i), (ii) and (iii) (B) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(C) (ii) and (iii) (D) (i) and (iv)
We have to check all the given switches whether it can block voltages of either
polarity when the active device is in the OFF state.
Switch (i):

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When V V >
a b
; diode will be OFF, but the transistor is ON.
When V V >
b a
; transistor is OFF, but diode will be ON.
So, the switch can not block voltages of either polarity when the active device
(diode or transistor) is in the OFF state.
Switch (ii):
When V V >
a b
, both diode and transistor are ON.
When V V >
b a
both diode and transistor are OFF.
So, the switch can block voltages of either polarity when the active devices (diode
and transistor) are in the OFF state.
Switch (iii):
When V V >
a b
, the SCR is ON.
When V V >
b a
, the SCR is OFF.
So, the switch can block voltages of either polarity when the active device (SCR)
is in the OFF state.
Switch (iv):
When V V >
a b
, diode is OFF.
When V V >
b a
, SCR is OFF.
So, the switch can not block voltages of either polarity when the active device
(SCR or diode) is in the OFF state.
Thus, the switches (ii) and (iii) only can block voltage of either polarity, when
active device is OFF.
Q. 26 Let : , , g 0 0 " 3 3 h h 6 6 be a function defined by g x x x = - ^ h 6 @, where x 6 @ represents
the integer part of x. (That is, it is the largest integer which is less than or equal
to x).
The value of the constant term in the Fourier series expansion of g x ^ h is_ _ _ _ .
Sol . 26 Correct answer is 0.5.
Given the function,
g x ^ h x x = -
6 @
or g x ^ h x =
" ,

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So, we have the graph
As this is a periodic function, the constant term will be is average value, i.e.
Average value a
0 ^ h

T
f x dx
1
T
0
= ^ h #
a
0

T
xdx
1
0
1
=
#
.
x x
1
2 2
05
2
0
1 2
0
1
#
= = =
: D
Hence, the constant term is . 05
Q. 27 A fair coin is tossed n times. The probability that the difference between the
number of heads and tails is n 3 - ^ h is
(A) 2
n -
(B) 0
(C) C 2
n
n
n
3 -
-
(D) 2
n 3 - +
Given the fair coin is tossed n times. Assume that
Number of head appearing x = times
Number of tail appearing y = times
So, we have
x y - n 3 = - (Given)
and x y + n =
Now, we consider the two cases.
Case I: When x y > ; we have

x y n
x y n
x n
3
2 2 3
- = -
+ =
= -
So, x
n
n
2
2 3
2
3
=
-
= -
As x is an integer and n is also an integer value. So, the above relation is
contradictory, and therefore
n
2
3
- x !
Case I I: When x y < ; we have

x y n
x y n
y n
3
2
3
- + = -
+ =
= -
Again, y is an integer and n is also an integer value. So, the above relation is
contradictory.
Thus, the required probability is zero.

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Q. 28 The line integral of function yz F i = , in the counterclockwise direction, along the
circle x y 1
2 2
+ = at z 1 = is
(A) 2p - (B) p -
(C) p (D) 2p
Given function, F
v
yzi =
t
and the circle, x y
2 2
+ 1 =
Now, we have to determine the line integral of F
"
along the circle at z 1 = .
From Greens Theorem, we define line integral as
F dl $
" "
#

x
F
y
F
dxdy
y
x
2
2
2
2
= - d n ##
...(i)
where F
x
and F
y
are components of F
"
along x and y directions, respectively,
i.e.
F
x
yz =
F
y
0 =
Substituting it in equation (i), we have
F dl $
" "
#

y
yz
dxdy zdxdy 0
2
2
= - =-
^ h
= G
## ##
At z 1 = along the circle, we get
F dl $
" "
#
dxdy 1 =-
##
dxdy
1
2
p =- =- ^ h
##
(area of circle)
p =-
Q. 29 An incandescent lamp is marked 40 W, 240 V. If resistance at room temperature
C 26c ^ h is 120W , and temperature coefficient of resistance is . / C 48 10
3
#
c
-
, then
its ON state filament temperature in C c is approximately_ _ _ _ _ .
Sol . 29 Correct answer is 2470.44C.
For the incandescent lamp, we have
P W 40 = , V V 240 =
So, the resistance of its filament in ON state is
R
Q

P
V
40
240
1440
2
2
W = = =
^ h
Now, we have
R 120W = at t C 26c = ,
and a . / C 45 10
3
#
c =
-
Since, the relation between resistance and temperature is given by
R
Q
R Q Q 1
2 1
a = + - ^ h 6 @
Substituting the given values, we get
1440 . Q 1201 45 10 26
3
2 #
= + -
-
^ h 8 B
or 12 . Q 1 45 10 26
3
2 #
= + -
-
^ h

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or Q 26
2
-
. 45 10
11
3
#
=
-
or Q 26
2
- . . 244444 =
Thus, Q
2
. C 247044c =
Q. 30 In the figure, the value of resistor R is / ohms I 25 2 + ^ h , where I is the current in
amperes. The current I is _ _ _ _ _ .
Sol . 30 Correct answer is 10 A.
We redraw the given circuit as
Applying KVL in the circuit, we have
300 I R =
300 I
I
25
2
= +
b l
300 I
I
25
2
2
= +
I I 50 600
2
+ - 0 =
I I I 60 10 600
2
+ - - 0 =
I I I 60 10 60 + - + ^ ^ h h 0 =
I I 10 60 - + ^ ^ h h 0 =
So, A I 10 = , A 60 -
Now, for the two obtained values of current, we get
R 25
2
10
30 = + =
b l
R 25
2
60
5 = - =-
b l
(Resistance can not be
negative)
Thus, the current through the circuit is
I A 10 =
Q. 31 In an unbalanced three phase system, phase current pu I 1 90
a
c = - ^ h , negative
sequence current pu I 4 150
b2
c = - ^ h , zero sequence current pu I 3 90
c0
c = . The
magnitude of phase current I
b
in pu is
(A) 1.00 (B) 7.81
(C) 11.53 (D) 13.00
For the unbalanced three phase system, we have
I
a1
pu 1 90c = - ;
I
b2
pu 4 150c = - ;

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I
c0
pu 3 90c =
The phase current is given by
I
a
I I I
a a a 1 2 0
= + + ...(i)
Now, we have
I
b2
I
a2
a =
So, for the given system
4 150c - I 1 120
a2
c =
or I
a2
4 270c = -
Also, we have
I
a0
I I 3 90
b c 0 0
c = = =
Substituting these values in equation (i), we get
I
a
I 1 90 4 270 3 90
a1
c c c = - = + - +
or I
a1
1 90 4 270 3 90 c c c = - - - -
8 90c = -
So, I
b1
I
a
2
1
a =
1 240 8 90 8 150
#
c c c = - =
Thus, we obtain
I
b
I I I
b b b 1 2 0
= + +
8 150 4 150 3 90 c c c = + - +
. . pu 1153 1543c =
Q. 32 The following four vector fields are given in Cartesian co-ordinate system. The
vector field which does not satisfy the property of magnetic flux density is
(A) y z x a a a
x y z
2 2 2
+ + (B) z x y a a a
x y z
2 2 2
+ +
(C) x y z a a a
x y z
2 2 2
+ + (D) y z x z x y a a a
x y z
2 2 2 2 2 2
+ +
According to Maxwell fourth equation
B : D 0 =
i.e. the divergence of magnetic field is zero. Now, we check this property for each
of the given vectors.
Option (A):
B y z x a a a
x y z
2 2 2
= + +
So, B : D
x
y
y
z
z
x 0
2 2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
= + + =
Option (B):
B z x y a a a
x y z
2 2 2
= + +
So, B : D
x
z
y
x
z
y 0
2 2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
= + + =
Option (C):
B x y z a a a
x y z
2 2 2
= + +
So, B : D
x
x
y
y
z
z
2 2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
= + +
x y z 2 2 2 0 ! = + +

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Option (D):
B y z x z x y a a a
x y z
2 2 2 2 2 2
= + +
So, B : D
x
y z
y
x z
z
x y 0
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
= + + =
Thus, the vector given in option (C) does not satisfy the property of magnetic
flux density.
Q. 33 The function shown in the figure can be represented as
(A) u t u t T
T
t T
u t T
T
t T
u t T
2
2 - - +
-
- -
-
- ^ ^
^
^
^
^ h h
h
h
h
h
(B) u t
T
t
u t T
T
t
u t T 2 + - - - ^ ^ ^ h h h
(C) u t u t T
T
t T
u t
T
t T
u t
2
- - +
-
-
-
^ ^
^
^
^
^ h h
h
h
h
h
(D) u t
T
t T
u t T
T
t T
u t T 2
2
2 +
-
- -
-
- ^
^
^
^
^ h
h
h
h
h
We have the waveform,
The function represented in the waveform can be resolved in the following four
waveforms; where ( ) u t is the unit step function.

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Thus, the function shown in the waveform is
f t ^ h
u t u t T
T
t T
u t T
T
t T
u t T
2
2 = - - +
-
- -
-
- ^ ^
^
^
^
^ h h
h
h
h
h
Q. 34 Let X z
z 1
1
3
=
-
-
^ h be the z-transform of a causal signal x n 6 @.
Then, the values of x 2 6 @ and x 3 6 @ are
(A) 0 and 0 (B) 0 and 1
(C) 1 and 0 (D) 1 and 1
Given the z-transform of causal signal x n
6 @
as
X
z ^ h ...
z z z 1
1
1
1 1
3 3 3
2
=
-
= + + +
-
c m
.....
z z
1
1 1
3 6
= + + + ...(i)
Now, the z-transform is defined as
X
z ^ h x n z
n
n 0
=
3
-
=
6 @
/
... x
z
x
z
x
z
x
0
1 2 3
2 3
= + + + + 6
6 6 6
@
@ @ @
...(ii)
Comparing equations (i) and (ii), we get
x 0 6 @ 1 = , x
1
0 = 6 @
x
2
6 @ 0 = , x
3
1 = 6 @
Q. 35 Let f t ^ h be a continuous time signal and let F w ^ h be its Fourier Transform
defined by
F w ^ h f t e dt
j t
=
3
3
w -
-
^ h #
Define g t ^ h by g t ^ h F u e du
jut
=
3
3
-
-
^ h #
What is the relationship between f t ^ h and g t ^ h ?
(A) g t ^ h would always be proportional to f t ^ h
(B) g t ^ h would be proportional to f t ^ h if f t ^ h is an even function
(C) g t ^ h would be proportional to f t ^ h only if f t ^ h is a sinusoidal function
(D) g t ^ h would never be proportional to f t ^ h
Given the Fourier transform pair,
F w
^ h
f
t
e dt
j t
=
3
3
w -
-
^ h
#
and the function g
t ^ h is defined as

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g t ^ h F
u
e du
jut
=
3
3
-
-
^ h
#
...(i)
Again, the inverse Fourier transform of F w
^ h
is written as
f
t ^ h F e d
j t
w w =
3
3
w
-
^ h #
Replacing t by t - and w by u in above expression, we get
f t - ^ h F
u
e du
jut
=
3
3
-
-
^ h
#
...(ii)
Thus, by comparing equations (i) and (ii), we have
g
t ^ h f t = - ^ h
If f
t ^ h be an even function, then
f
t - ^ h f
t
= ^ h
which in turn gives
( ) g t ( ) f t =
i.e. ( ) g t will be proportional to f
t ^ h, if f
t ^ h is an even function.
Q. 36 The core loss of a single phase, / V 230 115 , 50 Hz power transformer is measured
from 230 V side by feeding the primary (230 V side) from a variable voltage
variable frequency source while keeping the secondary open circuited. The core
loss is measured to be 1050 W for 230 V, 50 Hz input. The core loss is again
measured to be 500 W for 138 V, 30 Hz input. The hysteresis and eddy current
losses of the transformer for 230 V, 50 Hz input are respectively,
(A) 508 W and 542 W (B) 468 W and 582 W
(C) 498 W and 552 W (D) 488 W and 562 W
For V V 230 = and Hz f 50 = , we have
Core loss W 1050 =
or Iron loss + Hysteresis loss W 1050 = ...(i)
Since, iron loss and hysteresis loss are given by
Iron loss P k V
i i
2
= =
and Hysteresis loss P K V f
. .
H H
16 06
= =
-
Substituting it in equation (i), we get
K K 230
50
230
.
.
i H
2
06
16
+ ^
^
^
h
h
h
1050 =
or . K K 52900 57462
i H
+ ^ ^ h h 1050 = ...(ii)
Again, for V V 138 = and Hz f 30 = , we have
Core loss W 500 =
or Iron loss + Hysteresis loss W 500 =
or K K 138
30
138
.
.
P H
2
06
16
+ ^
^
^
h
h
h
500 =
or . K K 19044 34477
P H
+ ^ ^ h h 500 = ...(ii)
Solving equations (i) and (ii), we get
K
P
. 001024 =
and K
H
. 0855 =
For 230 V, 50 Hz; we have

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Hysteresis loss K V f
. .
H
16 06
=
-
. 0855 230 50
. . 16 06
# #
=
-
^ ^ h h
. W 50853 =
Hence, the eddy loss is
Eddy loss K
I V
2
= . 001024 52900
#
=
. W 54169 =
Q. 37 A 15 kW, 230 V dc shunt motor has armature circuit resistance of . 04W and field
circuit resistance of 230W . At no load and rated voltage, the motor runs at 1400
rpm and the line current drawn by the motor is 5 A. At full load, the motor draws
a line current of 70 A. Neglect armature reaction. The full load speed of the motor
in rpm is_ _ _ _ _ .
Sol . 37 Correct answer is 1241. rpm.
For the given data, we draw the circuit as
So, the current through field resistance is
I
f
A
R
V
230
230
1
f
= = =
Hence, we have the armature current,
I
a
I I
f
= -
A 5 1 4 = - =
From the given circuit, we have
V E I R
f a s 1 #
= +
or 230 . E 4 04
f1 #
= +
or E
f1
. V 2284 =
At full load,
I A 70 =
So, I
a
A 70 1 69 = - =
and E
f 2
. 230 69 04
#
= -
. V 2024 =
as emf flux speed \
#
For DC shunt motor flux f ^ h is constant. So,
E
f
\w
or
E
E
f
f
2
1

2
1
w
w
=
or
.
.
2024
2284

1400
2
w
=
Thus,
2
w
.
.
. rpm
2284
2024
1400 12411
#
= =

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Q. 38 A 3 phase, 50 Hz, six pole induction motor has a rotor resistance of . 01W and
reactance of . 092W . Neglect the voltage drop in stator and assume that the rotor
resistance is constant. Given that the full load slip is 3%, the ratio of maximum
torque to full load torque is
(A) 1.567 (B) 1.712
(C) 1.948 (D) 2.134
For the induction motor, we have
T
f
(Full load torque)
R s X
s R
f
f
2
2
2
2
2
\
+
^ h
or max torque T
max
m
^ h

X 2
1
2
\
So, we get

T
T
max
f

R s X
s R X 2
f
f
2
2
2
2
2 2
=
+^ h
or
T
T
max
f

s
s
s
s
2
max
max f
f
=
+
...(i)
Now, the slip at full load is % 3 , i.e.
s
f
. 0003 =
and s
max

.
.
.
X
R
092
01
0108
2
2
= = =

T
T
max
f

.
.
.
.
003
0108
0108
003
2
=
+
or
T
T
max
f

. .
2
3623 0276
=
+
or
T
T
max
f
. 1948 =
i.e. the ratio of maximum torque to full load torque is . 1948.
Q. 39 A three phase synchronous generator is to be connected to the infinite bus.
The lamps are connected as shown in the figure for the synchronization. The
phase sequence of bus voltage is R-Y-B and that of incoming generator voltage
is R Y B
- -
l l l.

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It was found that the lamps are becoming dark in the sequence L L L
a b c
- -
. It
means that the phase sequence of incoming generator is
(A) opposite to infinite bus and its frequency is more than infinite bus
(B) opposite to infinite bus but its frequency is less than infinite bus
(C) same as infinite bus and its frequency is more than infinite bus
(D) same as infinite bus and its frequency is less than infinite bus
Given the three phase synchronous generator,
If all the bulbs glow dark simultaneously, then all the gear and infinite bus are in
same phase sequence. But, in the given problem, they are coming in sequence (not
simultaneously) L
a
then L
b
, and then L
c
. So, phase sequence of the generator is
opposite to infinite bus system and frequency is high (as dark period is for more
time).
Q. 40 A distribution feeder of 1 km length having resistance, but negligible reactance, is
fed from both the ends by 400 V, 50 Hz balanced sources. Both voltage sources S
1
and S
2
are in phase. The feeder supplies concentrated loads of unity power factor
as shown in the figure.
The contributions of S
1
and S
2
in 100 A current supplied at location P respectively,
are
(A) 75 A and 25 A (B) 50 A and 50 A
(C) 25 A and 75 A (D) 0 A and 100 A
We have the distribution feeder as
Let current I be supplied by source s
1 ^ h, and r be the resistance per unit length.
Applying KVL, we get

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r I r I r I r I 400 400 200 200 200 300 200 500
#
- - - - - - - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ h h h h h h h
400 =
or I r I r r I r r I r r 400 200 40000 200 60000 200 100000 0 + - + - + - =
or I r 1000 r 200000 =
So, I A 200 =
So, we redraw the current in distribution system as
Thus, the contribution of source s
1 ^ h in A 100 load at P is A 0 , and the contribution
of s
2
in A 100 load at P is 100 A.
Q. 41 A two bus power system shown in the figure supplies load of . . j 10 05 + p.u.
The values of V
1
in p.u. and
2
d respectively are
(A) 0.95 and . 600c (B) 1.05 and . 544c -
(C) 1.1 and . 600c - (D) 1.1 and . 2712c -
Given the two bus power system,
Now, the current through impedance Z is given by
I
Z
V V
1 2
=
-
For the given system, we have
V
1
V 0
1
c = ; V 1
2 2
d = , . z 01 90c =
So, we obtain the current
I q
.
.
V
j
01 90
0 1
1 05
1 2
c
c d
=
-
= +
or V 0 1
1 2
c d - . . 011 11656 =
or cos sin V j
1 2 2
d d - - ^ h . . . cos sin j 011 11656 11636 c c = + 6 @
Comparing the real and imaginary terms, we get
sin
2
d - . . sin 011 11636
#
c =
or sin
2
d - . 0098 =

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or
2
d . 565c =-
Also, cos V
1 2
d - . . cos 011 11656c =
or V
1
. 105 =
Q. 42 The fuel cost functions of two power plants are
Plant P
1
: C
1
. Pg APg B 005
1
2
1
= + +
Plant P
2
: C
2
. Pg APg B 010 3 2
2
2
2
= + +
where, P
g1
and P
g2
are the generated powers of two plants, and A and B are the
constants. If the two plants optimally share 1000 MW load at incremental fuel
cost of 100 Rs/ MWh, the ratio of load shared by plants P
1
and P
2
is
(A) 1 : 4 (B) 2 : 3
(C) 3 : 2 (D) 4 : 1
The fuel cost functions for plant P
1
and P
2
are
C
1
. P AP B 005
g g 1
2
1
= + + ...(i)
C
2
. P AP B 010 3 2
g g 2
2
2
= + + ...(ii)
Given P P
g g 1 2
+ MW 1000 = ...(iii)
and
dP
dC
g
1
1

dP
dC
100
g
2
2
= = ...(iv)
Also, from equations (i) and (ii), we have

dP
dC
g
1
1
. P A 2 005
g1
#
= +

dP
dC
g
2
2
. P A 2 010 3
g2
#
= +
Substituting equation (iii) in above expressions, we get

.
.
. .
P A
P A
P P
01 100
02 3 100
03 02 200
g
g
g g
1
2
1 2
+ =
+ =
- = ...(v)
Hence, solving the equations (iii) and (v), we obtain
P
g1
MW 800 =
and P
g2
MW 200 =
Therefore, the ratio of load shared by plants P
1
and P
2
is

P
P
g
g
2
1

200
800
1
4
= =
Q. 43 The over current relays for the line protection and loads connected at the buses
are shown in the figure.
The relays are IDMT in nature having the characteristic
t
op

.
PlugSettingMultiplier
TimeMultiplier Setting
1
014
. 002
#
=
- ^ h
The maximum and minimum fault currents at bus B are 2000 A and 500 A
respectively. Assuming the time multiplier setting and plug setting for relay R
B

to be 0.1 and 5 A respectively, the operating time of R
B
(in seconds) is_ _ _ _ _ .

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We have the circuit,
The operating time of relays is given as
t
op

plugsettingmultiplier 1
0.14 Timemultiplier setting(TMS)
0.02
#
=
-
^ h
...(i)
For relay R
B
, we have
TMS . 01 =
PSM
maximumfault current
CT ratio
=

/
2
500 5
000
20 = =
Substituting the values in equation (i), we get
t
op

. .
.
. .
20
1
014 01
0617
014 01
. 002
# #
=
-
=
^ h
. 0226 =
Q. 44 For the given system, it is desired that the system be stable. The minimum value
of a for this condition is _ _ _ _ _ _ .
The Block diagram of given system is
The open loop transfer function is
G s H s ^ ^ h h
s s s
s
1 1 1
3 2
a a a
a
=
+ + + - + -
+
^ ^ ^
^
h h h
h
So, we obtain the character equation as
G s H s 1+ ^ ^ h h 0 =
or
s s s
s
1
1 1 1
3 2
a a a
a
+
+ + + - + -
+
^ ^ ^
^
h h h
h
0 =

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or s s s s 1 1 1
3 2
a a a a + + + - + - + + ^ ^ ^ ^ h h h h 0 =
or s s s 1 1 1 1
3 2
a a a a + + + - + + - + ^ ^ h h 0 =
or s s s 1 1
3 2
a a + + + + ^ h 0 =
For the characteristic equation, we form the Rouths array as

s
s
s
s
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
0
3
2
1
0
a
a
a a
a
+
+
+ - ^ h
For stable system, the required condition is
1 a + 0 >
or a 1 >-
or
1
1 1
a
a a
+
+ - ^ h
0 >
or 1 1 a a + - ^ h 0 >
Solving the inequality, we obtain the roots
a
2
1 5
=
- -
,
2
1 5 - +
So, we get the result for inequality as
a . 0618 > and . 162 < a -
i.e. the minimum value of a is
a . 0618 =
Q. 45 The Bode magnitude plot of the transfer function
G s ^ h
.
s
s
bs
s
K s as
1
8
1 1
36
1 05 1
=
+ + +
+ +
a
^
a
^ ^
k
h
k
h h
is shown below :
Note that / / dB octave dB decade 6 20 - =- . The value of
bK
a
is _ _ _ _ _ .
Given the Bode magnitude plot of the transfer function,

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Also, from the given transfer function, we have
G s ^ h
.
s
s
bs
s
K as
1
8
1 1
36
1 055 1
=
+ + +
+ +
a
^
a
^ ^
k
h
k
h h

/
/ /
s
s
b
s s
K s s
1
8
1
1
1
36
1 2 1
a
1
=
+ + +
- +
a b a
^
^
k l k
h
h
The first slope / dB octave 6 - is due to one pole that is / s 1
Then, slope 0 dB/ octave is due to addition of a zero in T.F. / s 1 2 + ^ h.
Again, / dB octave 6 + slope is due to one zero at corner frequency 4
C
w = .
Comparing it to the transfer function, we get

as 1+ ^ h / s 1 4 = + ^ h
or a / 1 4 =
Similarly, at 24
C
w = , there is an addition of a pole / dB octave 6 - ^ h. So, we get
bs 1+ ^ h / s 1 24 = + ^ h
or b
24
1
=
From the shown Bode plot, we observe that if we extended the slope / dB octave 6 -
, it meets the frequency axis at 8
C
w = . So, we have
0 log
s
KX
20
8 C
=
w =
or 1
K
8
=
or K 8 =
Therefore, we obtain the desired value as

bK
a

/
.
8
1 4
4 8
24
075
24
1
#
#
= = =
Q. 46 A system matrix is given as follows
A
0
6
6
1
11
11
1
6
5
=
-
-
-
-
-
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
The absolute value of the ratio of the maximum eigenvalue to the minimum
eigenvalue is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
Given the system matrix,

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A
0
6
6
1
11
11
1
6
5
= -
-
-
-
-
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
The Eigen values for the system matrix is given by the roots of the equation
A I l - 0 =
or
0
6
6
1
11
11
1
6
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
l
l
l
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
0 =
or 6
6
1
11
11
1
6
5
l
l
l
=
-
-
-
- -
-
-
-
0 =
or [ 55 5 11 66
2
l l l l - - - + + + ^ h
1 36 30 6 1 66 66 6 l l + - + - - - - ^ ^ h h 0 =
or 6 11 6 6 6
3 2
l l l l l - - - - - + ^ h 0 =
or 6 11 6
3 2
l l l + + + 0 =
So, l 1 =- , 2 - , 3 -
Thus, the ratio of maximum eigenvalue to minimum eigenvalue is

min
max
l
l

1
3
3 =
-
-
=
Q. 47 The reading of the voltmeter (rms) in volts, for the circuit shown in the figure is
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Sol . 47 Correct answer is 141.42 V.
We have the circuit,

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It is a Wheatstone bridge. For the bridge to be balanced, the required condition is
z z
1 4
z z
2 3
= ...(i)
From the given circuit, we have
z
1
z j 1
4
W = =
and z
2
z
j
1
3
W = =
j j
#

j j
1 1
#
=
j
2

j
1
2
=
1 - 1 =-
Hence, it is a balanced Wheatstone bridge, and reading of voltmeter (rms) is
V 100 2
#
=
. V 14142 =
Q. 48 The dc current flowing in a circuit is measured by two ammeters, one PMMC
and another electrodynamometer type, connected in series. The PMMC meter
contains 100 turns in the coil, the flux density in the air gap is . / Wb m 02
2
, and
the area of the coil is mm 80
2
. The electrodynamometer ammeter has a change in
mutual inductance with respect to deflection of 0.5 mH/ deg. The spring constants
of both the meters are equal. The value of current, at which the deflections of the
two meters are same, is _ _ _ _ _ _
Sol . 48 Correct answer is 3.2 A.
Given that the two ammeters, one PMMC and another electrodynamometer type,
are connected in series. So, we have
For PMMC coil, we define the deflecting torque as

d
t NBAI =
GI = ...(i)
where G is a constant, given as
G NBA =
Again, the controlling torque is defined as

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T
c
K q = ...(ii)
At balance, we have
T
c
T
d
=
So, deflection q
K
G
I = [using equations (i) and (ii)] ...(iii)
Now, for electrodynamometer, we have deflecting torque
T
d
I I
d
dM
1 2
q
=
where I
1
I I
2
= = (series)
So, T
d
I
d
dM 2
q
= ...(iv)
The controlling torque is
T
c
Kq = ...(v)
Therefore, equating the equations (iv) and (v) for balance condtion, the steady
deflection is obtained as
q
K
I
d
dM
2
q
= ...(vi)
Since, it is given in the question that deflection is same in both meter. So, from
equations (iii) and (vi), we get

K
G
I
K
I
d
dM
2
q
=
or NBA I
d
dM
q
= (spring constants are equal)
or . 100 02 80 10
6
# # #
-
. I 05 10
3
# #
=
-
Thus, I . A
5
100 2 80 10
32
3
# # #
= =
-
Q. 49 Given that the op-amps in the figure are ideal, the output voltage V
0
is
(A) V V
1 2
- ^ h (B) V V 2
1 2
- ^ h
(C) / V V 2
1 2
- ^ h (D) V V
1 2
+ ^ h

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We redraw the given op-amp circuit as
Node voltage V
c
is connected to inverting mode of op-amp. So, we have the output
due to V
c
as
V
o
+

R
R
V
R
R
V
f
c
1
1
= =-
Again, node voltage V
d
is connected to the non-inverting mode of op-amp. So, we
have the output due to V
d
as
V
o
-

R
R
R
R
V
R
R
R
R
V 1
2
1
2
f f
d
1 1
2
=+ + = +
c b m l
Therefore, the net output of the op-amp is
V
o
V V
o o
= +
+ -
V
R
R
V
R
R
R
R
2
1
c d #
=- + +
b b l l
V
V
V V
2
2
c
d
d c #
=- + = - ...(i)
Applying KVL in the op-amp circuit, we have
V I R I R I R V 2
c d
- + + + + ^ h 0 =
or V V
d c
- I R 4 =-
or V
o
I R 4 =- [using equation (i)] ...(ii)
Also, we have
V I R V 2
a b
- + + 0 =
or I R 2 V V
a b
= - ...(iii)
From equations (iii) and (iv), we get
V
o
V V 2
a b
=- - ^ h
V V 2
b a
= - ^ h ...(iv)
Since, the voltage at inverting and non-inverting terminals are same for ideal op-
amp. So, from the op-amp circuit, we have
V
1
V
b
= and V V
a 2
=
Substituting it in equation (iv), we obtain
V
o
V V 2
1 2
= - ^ h

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Q. 50 Which of the following logic circuits is a realization of the function F whose
Karnaugh map is shown in figure
Using minimization technique, we redraw the given Karnaugh map as
For the given Karnaugh map, the output function is
Y C A CB = +
This function is realized by the logic circuit shown below.

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Q. 51 In the figure shown, assume the op-amp to be ideal. Which of the alternatives
gives the correct Bode plote for the transfer function
v
v
i
i
w
w
^
^
h
h
?

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Sol . 51 Correct option is (A)
We have the op-amp circuit
Let the voltage at inverting terminal of op-amp be X . So, we have

R
X s V s
f
o
- ^ ^ h h
0 =
or X s ^ h V s
o
= ^ h ...(i)
Applying KCL at non-inverting terminal of op-amp, we get
[ ] X s Cs
R
X s V s
0
i
1
- +
-
^
^ ^
h
h h
0 =
or X s Cs
R
1
1
+ ^ h
: D

R
V s
i
1
=
^ h
or V s
R
R Cs 1
o
1
1
+
^ h
: D

R
V s
i
1
=
^ h
[from equation (i)]
So,
V s
V s
i
o
^
^
h
h

R Cs 1
1
1 10
1
1
3
=
+
=
+
-
Therefore, the corner frequency for the transfer function is

C
w
10
1
10
3
3
= =
-
Hence, we draw the Bode plot for the function (in decibel),
log
V
V
20
i
o
w
w
^
^
h
h
log
j
20
1
10
1
3
w
=
+
f p
The obtained magnitude and phase plots are

Q. 52 An output device is interfaced with 8-bit microprocessor 8085A. The interfacing
circuit is shown in figure

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The interfacing circuit makes use of 3 Line to 8 Line decoder having 3 enables
lines E
1
, E2, E3. The address of the device is
(A) 50
H
(B) 5000
H
(C) A0
H
(D) A000
H
Given the interfacing circuit,
As the output port is at 2 010 ^ h. Hence, the input to the interfacing circuit is
I I I
2 1 0
= 010
or A A A
15 14 13
= 010
Now, for E
1
to be enable, we have
or A A
12 11
= 10
Therefore, we have the value at address lines as

A A A A A
0 1 0 1 0
15 14 13 12 11
By default at starting the other address lines ..... A A A
10 9 0
should be zero. Thus,
we have the overall port address as

A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
which is equivalent to H 5000

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Q. 53 The figure shows the circuit diagram of a rectifier. The load consists of a resistance
10W and an inductance 0.05 H connected in series. Assuming ideal thyristor and
ideal diode, the thyristor firing angle (in degree) needed to obtain an average load
voltage of 70 V is _ _ _ _ .
We have the rectifier circuit as
From the circuit, we obtain
V
o
sin V td t
2
1
m
p
w w =
a
p
^ h #
cos V t
2
1
m
T
p
w = -
a
6 @
cos V
2
1
1
m
p
a = + 6 @ ...(i)
Since, from the given problem, we have
V
o
V 70 = ; V V 325
m
=
70 . cos
2
1
3251
p
a = + 6 @
or cos 1 a +
325
70 2
#
p
=
or cos 1 a + . 13526 =
or cosa . 03526 =
Thus, a . cos 03526
1
=
-
^ h
. 6935c =
Q. 54 Figure (i) shows the circuit diagram of a chopper. The switch S in the circuit in
figure (i) is switched such that the voltage v
D
across the diode has the wave shape
as shown in figure (ii). The capacitance C is large so that the voltage across it is
constant. If switch S and the diode are ideal, the peak to peak ripple (in A) in
the inductor current is _ _ _ _ _ _

w
w
w
.
n
o
d
i
a
.
c
o
.
i
n
Sol . 54 Correct answer is 2.5 A.
We have the chopper circuit as
Since, the circuit is a buck regular. So, we have
V
o
V
s #
a = (a = duty cycle)

.
.
100
01
005
#
=
V 50 =
Therefore, peak to peak inductor ripple current is obtained as
I T
L
V t
o #
D
=

. sec
mH
m
1
50 005
#
=
^ h
. A 25 =
Q. 55 The figure shows one period of the output voltage of an inverter a should be
chosen such that 60 90 < < c c a . If rms value of the fundamental component is 50
V, then a in degree is _ _ _ _ _ .

w
w
w
.
n
o
d
i
a
.
c
o
.
i
n
Sol . 55 Correct answer is 77.15
Given the output voltage of an inverter as
Since, the output voltage is an odd function, so we compute only sine terms for
the given period
V
max
sin
T
v
t
t dt
2
o
T
0
w = ^
^
h
h #
From the output wave, we have
T 360 2 c p = =
and
o
w
T
2
2
2
1
p
p
p
= = =
So, we get the maximum value of fundamental component as
V
max
sin sin sin tdt tdt tdt
2
2
100 100 100
0
180
180
180
p
= - +
a
a
a
a
-
-
; # # #
sin sin sin tdt tdt tdt 100 100 100
180
180
180
360
360
360
- + -
a
a
a
a
+
+
-
-
E # # #
cos cos cos cos cos cos
100
1 1
p
a a a a a a = - - + + - + - -
^ ^ ^ ^ h h h h 6
cos 1 a - - + ^ h
@

cos
100
4 8
p
a
=
-
6 @
cos
400
1 2
p
a = -
6 @
...(i)
Since, the rms value is
V
rms
V 50 =

V
2
max
50 =

cos
2
400
1
p
a -
^ h 50 =
or cosa
2
1
1
400
50 2
#
p
= - ; E
Thus, a . 7715c =

Nodia and Company: Gate Solved Paper Electrical Engineering 2014 (Set-1)

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