Introductory Chemistry Online

Introductory Chemistry Online is an open-source intro-

ductory chemistry textbook/workbook that is designed
cover a college-level one-semester course. Many con-
temporary textbooks in chemistry seem have adopted the
notion that more is better"; the books are long, expen-
sive, and the pages are often cluttered with interesting
tidbits and restatements of what it is that you have just
learned. The Chemistry Online text, on the other ex-
treme, is designed to be simple, uncluttered and very
much to the point. This text was under development at
a main-stream publisher when I realized that it was des-
tined to become yet another $200 textbook that would
be revised every three years. I withdrew from my con-
tract and removed the Publishers material. A printed,
basic black-and-white textbook based on the revised In-
troductory Chemistry Online text is relatively inexpensive
(about $30), compared with traditional textbooks, and is
available through the Wikibooks mechanism, or through
the Chemistry Online website. Prots from book sales
support the external site and help pay contractual licens-
ing fees and royalties. You can also print the book your-
self by clicking on 'print version' on the left sidebar, or
download the book as PDF and print it there. You can
also visit Special:Book, compile all pages within the book
and order a copy to be printed from PediaPress. Within
the printed text, the photographs, illustrations and prob-
lems are either licensed through third-party vendors, pre-
pared by contributing authors, or they are available within
the public domain. Because the licensed content can-
not be distributed as public domain, Figures, Exercises
and End-of-Chapter problems are only available through
links provided in the text; but the full content is available.
In order to gain maximum advantage from the text, you
should use the accompanying website and work through
the problems and the tutorials. This will give you an inter-
nal check on your developing chemistry problem-solving
skills and make the entire subject clearer and less intimi-
dating. On the website, you will also have access to a full
set of lecture slides for each chapter. These are based on
the slides that are used in classes at the University of Illi-
nois at Chicago; if you are an instructor using this text, you
may request access to the full set of PowerPoint slides in ed-
itable format fromthe author below. The website also has
an assortment of archived exams. Instructors using this
text are encouraged to partner with us and contribute to
the collection. Again, these may not exactly reect what
you see on exam day, but they are an excellent reviewing
and assessment tool.
1 Authors
Paul R. Young, Professor of Chemistry, Univer-
sity of Illinois at Chicago, Wiki: AskTheNerd;
PRYaskthenerd.com - pyounguic.edu; Chemistry-
Online.com
2 Click here to view the complete
book online. Click here to view
the Lecture Slides.
3 Contents
The complete table of contents is shown below; the links
will take you to the individual chapters.
3.1 CHAPTER 1: Measurements and
Atomic Structure
1.1 Why Study Chemistry?
1.2 Organization of the Elements: The Periodic Ta-
ble
1.3 Scientic Notation
1.4 SI and Metric Units
1.5 Unit Conversion with the Metric System
1.6 Signicant Figures
1.7 Atomic Structure and Electron Conguration
1.8 Filling Orbitals with Electrons
3.2 CHAPTER 2: The Physical and
Chemical Properties of Matter
2.1 Pure Substances and Mixtures
2.2 The States of Matter
2.3 Density, Proportion and Dimensional Analysis
2.4 Chemical & Physical Properties and Changes
2.5 Conservation of Mass
1
2 3 CONTENTS
3.3 CHAPTER 3: Chemical Bonding and
Nomenclature
3.1 Compounds, Lewis Diagrams & Ionic Bonds
3.2 Covalent Bonding
3.3 Lewis Representation of Ionic Compounds
3.4 Identifying Molecular and Ionic Compounds
3.5 Polyatomic Ions
3.6 Resonance
3.7 Electronegativity and the Polar Covalent Bond
3.8 Exceptions to the Octet Rule
3.9 Common Valence States & Ionic Compounds
3.10 Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds
3.4 CHAPTER4: The Mole and Measure-
ment in Chemistry
4.1 Measurement and Scale; the Mole Concept
4.2 Molar Mass
4.3 Mole-Mass Conversions
4.4 Percentage Composition
4.5 Empirical and Molecular Formulas
3.5 CHAPTER 5: Chemical Reactions
5.1 Chemical Changes & Chemical Reactions
5.2 Chemical Equations
5.3 Balancing Chemical Equations
5.4 Classifying Chemical Reactions
5.5 Oxidation & Reduction Reactions
5.6 Predicting Products from Chemical Reactions
5.7 Predicting Solubility Trends
5.8 The Energetics of Chemical Reactions
3.6 CHAPTER 6: Quantitative Relation-
ships in Chemistry
6.1 An Introduction to Stoichiometry
6.2 Molar Stoichiometry in Chemical Equations
6.3 Mass Calculations
6.4 Percentage Yield
6.5 Limiting Reactants
3.7 CHAPTER 7: Aqueous Solutions
7.1 Hydrogen Bonding and the Properties of Water
7.2 Molecular Dipoles
7.3 Dissolution of Ionic Compounds
7.4 Concentration and Molarity
7.5 Solution Stoichiometry
7.6 Dilution of Concentrated Solutions
3.8 CHAPTER 8: Acids, Bases and pH
8.1 Hydrogen Bonding
8.2 Ionization of Acids in Solution
8.3 Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs
8.4 Acids-Bases Reactions: Neutralization
8.5 The Meaning of Neutrality: The Autoprotolysis
of Water
8.6 pH Calculations
8.7 Titrations: Neutralization and Stoichiometry
3.9 CHAPTER 9: The Gaseous State
9.1 Gasses and Atmospheric Pressure
9.2 The Pressure-Volume Relationship: Boyles Law
9.3 The Temperature-Volume Relationship:
Charless Law
9.4 The Mole-Volume Relationship: Avogadros
Law
9.5 The Ideal Gas Law
9.6 Combining Stoichiometry and the Ideal Gas
Laws
3.10 CHAPTER 10: Principles of Chemi-
cal Equilibrium
10.1 The Concept of Equilibrium Reactions
10.2 The Equilibrium Constant
10.3 Calculating Equilibrium Values
10.4 Using Molarity in Equilibrium Calculations
10.5 Equilibria involving Acids and Bases
10.6 The pH of Weak Acid Solutions
10.7 Solubility Equilibria
3.11 CHAPTER 11: Nuclear Chemistry 3
3.11 CHAPTER 11: Nuclear Chemistry
11.1 Radioactivity
11.2 The Nuclear Equation
11.3 Beta Particle Emission
11.4 Positron Emission
11.5 Radioactive Half-Life
11.6 Atomic Fission and Fusion Reactions
4 4 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES
4 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses
4.1 Text
Introductory Chemistry Online Source: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introductory_Chemistry_Online?oldid=2022558 Contributors:
Kayau, Adrignola, Duplode, Askthenerd and Anonymous: 1
4.2 Images
File:50_percents.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/50_percents.svg License: Public domain Contribu-
tors: Based on the XML code of Image:25%.svg Original artist: Siebrand
4.3 Content license
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0