1 Present perfect or past simple?

Present perfect
Have you ever been to South Have you ever broken
America? your leg?
Yes, I have. Yes, I have.
Use the present perfect to talk generally about past
experiences when you dont say / ask when.
Use ever in ?for experiences at any time in your life
until now.
Use never in *.
Ive never broken my leg. I havent never
Past simple
When did you go to South When did you break
America? your leg?
I went to Venezuela in 1995. I broke it last July.
I went to Venezuela. I broke my leg.
1995 last July
past
__________________________________
now
Use the past simple to say / ask exactly when an
action happened.
When did you arrive? I arrived ten minutes ago.
A Have you been to ?
B Yes, I have.
A When did you go there?
Conversations often begin with the present perfect,
then change to the past simple.
Grammar file 2
2 have to / dont have to (obligation)
(and '
I
You have to
We dont have to
They
travel a lot.
He
has to
get up early every day.
She
doesnt have to
It
/ &
Do you
have to work at
Yes, I do. / No, I dont.
Does he
weekends?
Yes, he does. / No, he
doesnt.
Use have to / dont have to + infinitive to talk about
obligation.
I have to work tomorrow. Its Monday.
I dont have to work tomorrow. Its Sunday.
Dont contract have / has to.
Shes to wear a uniform.
3 can / cant
( He can wear jeans at work.
' Amish women cant have short hair.
/ Can we smoke here?
& Yes, you can. / No, you cant.
Use can / cant + infinitive to say what is or isnt allowed.
4 Impersonal you
You have to be over eighteen to vote.
How do you spell it?
You cant smoke in hospital.
you = people in general (not you personally).
5 Relative pronouns (who / which / where)
A nurse is a person who works in a hospital.
A fridge is a thing which keeps food cold.
A post office is a place where you can buy stamps.
Use who / which / where to connect sentences.
You can also use that for people and things.
Shes the person that won the lottery.
A microwave is a machine that cooks food quickly.
Have you ever been to Paris? Yes, I went there in 1994.
Oxford University Press
English File 2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Grammar check 2
1 Present perfect or past simple? Right or
wrong ? Correct the wrong sentences.
1 Have you ever read a James Bond novel?
2 What time have you nished work
yesterday?
3 Ive spoken to Natalia ve minutes ago.
4 We went to Miami last April.
5 Weve been to the USA three times.
6 What have you done last night?
2 have to / dont have to Complete the
sentences.
1 A waiter has to stand up all day.
2 Tomorrows a holiday. We
go to school.
3 What time do you start
work?
4 Does your brother work
on Saturdays?
5 A teacher wear a uniform.
6 Im late. I go now.
3 can / cant Complete the dialogues with
can / cant.

1
Can I borrow the car tonight?
No, sorry, you
2
. I need it.
You
3
get a taxi. It isnt far.
I
4
. I havent got any money.

5
we park here?
No, we
6
. It says No Parking.
Look. Theres a car park. We
7
park there.
R
S
?
S
R
S
?

4 Impersonal you Complete with You can /

cant or You have to / dont have to.
1 You can pay by credit card.
2
leave a tip.
3
turn left.
4
take photos.
5
pay.
6
smoke on international
ights.
5 Relative pronouns Complete with who,
which, or where.
1 This is the school where I study German.
2 I know a girl can play the
saxophone.
3 Hitch-hike is a word means to travel
free in somebodys car.
4 An interpreter is a person can speak
several languages.
5 The place you can leave your car is
called a car park.
Oxford University Press
English File 2