Meissners Corpuscles Mechanoreceptors that are hairless
Hypodermis (superficial fascia) Not apart of the skin Generally comprised of adipose tissue Anchors skin to the muscles Sliding component Serves as shock absorber and insulator Fascia Tough connective tissue that wraps around the organs
Epidermis 4 Types of Cells
Keratinocytes = cells that produce keratin Keratin = fibrous proteins
Melanocytes = cells that produce melanin Melanin = pigment Melanosomes = membrane granule containing melanin
Epidermal Dendritic Cells (Langerhans) Ingest foreign substances and activate an immune response
Tactile (Merkel Cells) Sensory input for touch At dermal-epidermal junction Dermis Cells Mast Cells = make cells leaky inflammation Fibroblasts = make fibrogen Macrophages = white blood cells (leucocytes)
3 Types of Fibers Elastic = stretchiest + weakest Reticular = made of collagen but branched Collagen = strongest
Callus Thickening of cells Layers (Deep Superficial)
Function: not thermoregulation, but pheromone production Activated by stress and pain
Sebaceous Glands Oil glands secreted sebum Holocrine: release oil by bursting Lubricates hair and skin Bacetericidal properties
Hair Shaft = visible Root = lies in the hair follicle Melanin is produced by melanocytes in hair follicle Grey = pigment absence
Arrector Pilli Allows the hair to stand up straight Smooth muscle Alopecia A degree of baldness Hair falls out faster than it grows Male Pattern Baldness Hair falls out before ever emerging from the follicle
Functions of the Integumentary Systems (8 functions) Protection Chemical Barrier: melanin, antimicrobial properties (low pH) Physical/Mechanical Barriers Waterproof Biological Barriers Immune-response: Langerhans (Epidermal Dendritic Cells in Epidermis) Body Temperature Regulation Keeping the body warm/cool Cutaneous Sensation Cutaneous = relating to skin Cutaneous sensory receptors Metabolic Functions Produce Vitamin D role in calcium metabolism Steroid like molecule Blood Reservoir (dermal) 5% of blood to be used by various organs Excretion NaCl, nitrogenous
Skin Cancer Basal Cell Carcinoma -80%of cancer in dermis and hypodermis
Squamous Cell Carcinoma -in the stratum spinosum due to damages keratinocytes
Melanoma -damage in melanocytes (most dangerous) Burns Damage to tissue due to intense heat, electricity, or radiation Partial-thickness = 1 st and 2 nd degree burns Full thickness Burns = 3 rd Degree Burns 1 st Degree epidermis is damage, will resolve in 2 or 3 days 2 nd Degree damaged epidermis + upper dermis (few weeks to resolve)
3 rd Degree -nerve ending damaged = no pain -skin graft is necessary -extensive risk for fluid loss + Infection