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SIGMA TRAINERS
AHMEDABAD (INDIA)
PHASE SHIFT KEYING
MODULATION DEMODULATION
SYSTEM TRAINER
MODEL-COM116
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than
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Trainers
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1



INTRODUCTION

This trainer has been designed with a view to provide practical/experimental knowledge of P. S. K. Modulation
/Demodulation technique as practically implemented in Digital Communication systems on a SINGLE P. C. B.


SPECIFICATIONS

1. Power supply requirement : 230V AC, 50 Hz.

2. Built in IC based power supply.

3. On Board Modulating Digital Data signal generator to generate any binary input word with Bit clock &
Word clock.

Word Length : 8 Bits.
Data Format : NRZ & Bipolar NRZ

4. Modulator Type : Balanced Modulator as Phase modulator.

5. Demodulator Type : Balanced Modulators, Squarer.

6. Standard Accessories : 1. A Training Manual.
2. Connecting Patch cords.










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CIRCIUT DETAILS OF PSK MODULATION & DEMODULATION

The PSK Modulation and Demodulation System consist of following sections.

1. Digital Data Generator
2. RF Carrier generator
3. PSK modulator.
4. PSK demodulator.
6. Data Recovery and squarer
7. Power supply

(1) Digital Data Generator section:-
Here Digital Ics are used to generate NRZ data. This section generates Bit clock, Word clock & NRZ data.
The output bits in NRZ word can be selected by pushing data selector switches. The corresponding LEDs become
ON for 1 bit and OFF for 0 bit. The left hand side switch S1 produce MSB bit and right hand side switch S8
produce LSB bit.

(2) RF Carrier Generator: -
The function of this section is to generate phase synchronized carrier signal with respect to modulating
digital NRZ input. It converts 1. 28 MHz TTL clock signal Ck into 1. 28 MHz sinewave carrier signal using pie
filter made of 100uH coil and two 100 pf capacitor. Then 180 out of phase sine wave signal referred as 1 is
generated by transformer circuit. This signal is given as carrier signal to balanced modulator as one input. The
phase control preset pot controls the degree of phase shift of this signal from carrier phase. The gain control
controls the amplitudes of carrier signal 1.

(3) PSK modulator using Balanced modulators: -
IC 1496 is used as balanced modulator. The modulating Bipolar NRZ signal is connected at pin 8. The
carrier signal 1 is applied at pin 1 through buffer transistor BC548. . The modulated outputs available at pin 12
and 6 are then balanced amplified by four transistors (BC558 and BC548). The final balanced modulated output
is available at PSK O/P terminal. Presets 10K and 1K at pin 14 and 1 are adjusted balancing input signal and
carrier signal. Preset 1K at output is used to adjust output zero DC level. The preset 2K at output decide output
level of product detector.

(4) PSK Demodulator using balanced modulators: -
The balanced modulator is used to demodulate PSK signal. The balanced modulated circuit is same as above.
Two input signals given are PSK modulated signal from modulator section. .
The output of balanced modulator is raw data signal for NRZ signal. This raw data signal is then given to
data squarer section.


(5). Data Recovery and squarer section: -
IC 311 is used to convert raw data into pure transient free pure digital data. The threshold Zero level is set by
10K preset. The output is available at pin 7. The recovered NRZ signal is available at output terminals.

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(6) Power supply section: -

The regulated power supply is used for different supply voltages.

Following output D. C. Voltages are required to operate PSK Modulation/ demodulation system.
+15V, 250mA,
-15V, 250mA,
+ 5V, 250mA


Three terminal regulators are used for different output voltages i. e. IC 7805 for + 5V, IC 7815 for +15V, IC
7915 for 15V.

These ICs are supplied different dc input voltages by two Bridge rectifiers consisting of D1-D4 and D5-D8 &
two 1000/25 EC and 1000/10 EC. The capacitors at each input & each output are for filtering purpose.



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EXPERIMENTS

(A) BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PSK MODULATION / DEMODULATION


(A) PSK MODULATOR

NRZ

Balanced Modulator
Bipolar NRZ PSK Signal




Digital Data
Generator

180 Out of Phase
Carrier
Carrier clock
RF Carrier


(B) PSK DEMODULATOR


PSK
Signal








RF
Carrier
PSK
Signal Raw data Recovered Data



Balanced
Modulator










DG
RF
Carrier
Generator
Squarer
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(B) EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE: -


1. First apply any digital word by pushing toggle switches in data generator section. e. g. 11110000.

2. This digital word is NRZ data, which can be observed at NRZ DATA output terminal.

3. Connect CRO Channel-1 at NRZ DATA (NRZ) socket and observe it. _______Waveform (W1)

4. Connect CRO Channel-1 at RF Carrier socket (in Carrier generator section)
and observe it. _______Waveform (W2)

5. Connect CRO Channel-1 at Bipolar NRZ socket and observe it. _______Waveform (W3)

6. Connect CRO Channel 1 at RF Carrier and CRO Channel 2 at 1 signal and
Observe their 180 out of phase relationship. _______Waveform (W4)

7. Now Connect CRO Channel 2 at the PSK output of PSK modulator.
Connect CRO channel 1 at Bipolar NRZ terminal. Observe PSK output. _______Waveform (W5)

8. Observe recovered raw data signal at output of PSK demodulator. ______Waveform (W6)

9. Observe received pure NRZ data at the output data squarer. ______Waveform (W7)

10. Apply different digital word by pushing push switches in data generator and observe recovered signal.


Conclusion: -

The PSK modulation and demodulation process observed.



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TEST POINT WAVEFORMS


W1. NRZ Signal at NRZ terminal of Digital data generator:-

4v TTL


W2. R. F. Carrier signal at RF carrier terminal :-

2V +0. 6V

-6V

W3. 180 out of phase signal 1 in RF carrier generator :-

+0. 6V

-6V


W4. Bipolar NRZ data: -

+5V

-5V




H = 20 us
V = 2 V
Trig = CRO-1
H = 0. 5us
V = 2 V
Trig = CRO-2
H = 0. 5 us
V = 0. 5 V
Trig = CRO-2
H = 20 us
V = 5 V
Trig = CRO-1
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W5. PSK modulated signal with reference to Bipolar NRZ data: -


4v TTL





W6. Raw data recovered signal at o/p of PSK demodulator: -




W7. Recovered NRZ data RCD at o/p of Squarer Circuit: -

4v TTL


H = 20 us
V = 2 V
Trig = CRO-1
H = 20 us
V = 1 V
Trig = CRO-2
H = 20 us
V = 2 V
Trig = CRO-2
H = 20 us
V = 0. 2 V
Trig = CRO-2
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